Multiplier Effect Research Articles

Туристська індустрія України: проблеми адаптації у військовий період і перспективи поствоєнного відновлення

The aim of the article is to analyze the current state of the domestic tourism industry in the context of the russian invasion of Ukraine, as well as to develop potential directions for eliminating the negative consequences for the tourism industry, speaking of its further recovery. The article examines the state of the tourism industry during the wartime, considers aspects of its adaptation to the conditions of martial law, and develops proposals for the post-war recovery. Since the onset of the large-scale military aggression, the tourism industry of Ukraine has undergone significant transformations, which have led to the practical halt of all types of tourism, especially at the initial stages of hostilities. However, a full assessment of the impact of military events on Ukrainian tourism becomes very difficult in view of the continuation of large-scale hostilities and the lack of accurate data. The study analyzes the amount of tourist tax and the structure of taxes to the State budget of Ukraine from the activities of tourism industry enterprises, the results of the analysis showed a significant drop in all indicators. An assessment of the impact of tourism development on the gross regional product (GRP) is carried out using correlation and regression analysis. Based on the results of modeling, a regression model of the dependence of GRP on tourist tax has been built, which confirms that the development of tourism in the region contributes to an increase in the gross regional product and has a significant multiplier effect. The features of recreation and work of tourist facilities in different regions of Ukraine are generalized and structured, and it is found that even with the existing restrictions, citizens continue to discover new places worth visiting in Ukraine. This can be attributed to the consideration that constant stress tires the body, and people need rest and recovery. A substantive characterization of the wartime factors of influence on the development of the tourism industry has been determined. It is determined that the recovery of the tourism industry will depend on the pace of restoration of the general and tourist infrastructure and the overall standard of living in the country, which will contribute to the rise of both inbound and outbound tourism. One of the main factors influencing the creation of a safe image of a tourist destination is the level of terrorist threat, in connection with which a set of measures to prevent terrorist threats has been formulated. The main program model for the development of tourism in post-war Ukraine is the public-private partnership (PPP), from the implementation of which the greatest return for the development of the tourism business is expected. In view of the above, the subject of prospective research should be the development of organizational and resource support for the PPP mechanism for the recovery of the tourism industry of Ukraine.

Understanding the Landscape of Cyberbiosecurity for Integrative Educational Programming

Highlights Alignment of terminology and community building are crucial in cyberbiosecurity. Agriculture and life sciences in a digital age present unconventional challenges. Data and digital literacy are baseline skills for integrative cyberbiosecurity education programming. Cyberbiosecurity education framework offers a foundation for intentional, integrative programming efforts. Abstract. As an emerging and interdisciplinary field at the nexus of digital technologies and agriculture and life sciences (ALS), the integration of cyberbiosecurity education for professional training and skills development remains challenging. Educational practices and related workforce development efforts associated with cyberbiosecurity may be best generalized as pseudo-shadow education, occurring outside standardized practice and lacking known ‘best practice’ to mimic. The current state of cyberbiosecurity education reflects a lack of sequenced and developed knowledge, values, judgments, and ways of thinking, which serve as windows into the underlying cultures of a disciplinary field. Coupled with this gap, the continuous deployment and convergence of information technology (IT) and operational technology (OT) within ALS creates new vulnerabilities that are unfamiliar to the workforce. These vulnerabilities expose critical ALS infrastructures to cyber-attacks and terrorism and hold significant consequences for the bioeconomy. Securing the bioeconomy and preventing negative multiplier effects in other related sectors depend on adequate cyberbiosecurity education programming and workforce development. This exploratory report of current realities and future prospects provides insights into integrative cyberbiosecurity education programming for workforce development. The study explicates underlying concerns to be addressed in developing integrative cyberbiosecurity education for professionals in agriculture and life sciences and suggests an expandable framework to facilitate workforce development programming. Concerns to address regarding the creation of educational programming in cyberbiosecurity include alignment in definition, cross-boundary community building, the peculiar dynamics of the cyberbiosecurity threat landscape, and baseline requirements for cyberbiosecurity education and practice. Keywords: Agriculture and life sciences, Bioeconomy, Cyberbiosecurity, Education and workforce development, Threat landscape.

Commercial Motorcycle Operations in Tanzania: An Analysis on Youth Livelihood Improvement in Dar es Salaam City

The commercial motorcycle industry is growing rapidly in many developing countries, including Tanzania, where there are 589,936 registered commercial motorcycle taxis, with approximately 35,000 operating in Dar es Salaam City. While existing literature explores the role of the motorcycle business in creating employment opportunities in Africa and Tanzania, there is a lack of substantial evidence regarding its contribution to the livelihoods of young operators in Dar es Salaam. To bridge this gap, this study engaged 138 participants from five municipalities in the Dar es Salaam Region, utilizing a mixed research approach with data collected through structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics with IBM SPSS Statistics (24), presented in tabular format, while qualitative data underwent thematic analysis. The study found that motorcycle business significantly contributed to youth's livelihood and had multiplier effects. It recommends empowering youth to own motorcycles and conducting more research on the business's contribution to the GDP. The study also suggests empowering females to engage in business operations since the business is mainly dominated by male.

Executive leadership and educational management in the educational field

The synergy between executive leadership and educational management in the educational field is essential to ensure the excellence of the service provided. However, obstacles such as the lack of training dedicated to leadership and budgetary constraints represent significant barriers to effective educational management. Overcoming these challenges is crucial to ensure a dynamic and high-quality educational environment. The purpose of the study is to establish the correlation between executive leadership and educational management in prominent institutions within the Cusco Educational Management Unit. Its methodology is a quantitative approach with a non-experimental correlation scope; information was collected from 234 participants through non-stratified probabilistic sampling, composed of 26 executives and 208 teachers. The study employed structured questionnaires, while the data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient. The results revealed a significant correlation of 0.763 between the themes, indicating a strong and positive relationship. It concludes that as executive leadership improves, the quality of educational management tends to increase, and vice versa: this highlights that investing in the development of leadership skills in directors is not only crucial for the effective management of resources and the implementation of educational policies but can also have a multiplier effect, improving the educational environment as a whole; in turn, effective educational management can reinforce leadership capabilities.

Eighteen Years of Chrysanthemum Cultivation Technology Innovation as High Economic Value Commodity in the Special Region of Yogyakarta

Abstract. Eighteen years ago, the application of innovative Chrysanthemum cultivation technology was implemented in the Hargobinangun Village area, Pakem District, Sleman Regency and was the location for PRIMA TANI activities, which has an altitude of 600 to 1325 meters above sea level. Chrysanthemum cultivation was first applied to farmers in 2005 by BPTP Yogyakarta in collaboration with BALITHI Cipanas. Although it requires more complicated handling, chrysanthemum cultivation in a controlled environment can provide relatively high additional income in rural areas. Based on data on narrow land ownership in North Sleman Regency, it is necessary to look for alternative commodities with high economic value to make it easier to increase the welfare of farmers. The basic method in this research is descriptive analysis, based on solving actual problems that exist in the present. The research was carried out to conduct an assessment and collect data from several studies on cooperator farmers since 2005 until now. From the results of this study it can be seen that commodity diversification has been created; additional income/income that indirectly increases the welfare of farmers; creating attractive job opportunities for young people (millennials) in rural areas; a higher sense of self-confidence for millennial farmers in rural areas so as to create a mindset worthy of living as farmers in rural areas; as well as the initiation of agro-industry in rural areas through various other farming activities as a multiplier effect from chrysanthemum cut flower farming activities.

Relationship between Capital and Recurrent Expenditure with GDP Growth in Nepal: An Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Approach

This study examines the relationship between Capital and Recurrent Expenditure with GDP Growth in Nepal. Employing a multivariate autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to the data from 1974 to 2020, the empirical findings reveal a strong long-run relationship between recurrent and capital expenditure with the nominal GDP. Interestingly, the impact of recurrent expenditure is higher than that of capital expenditure on GDP in the long run. However, the analysis highlights no clear short-run relationship. The weak short-term relationship observed may be due to the leakage of multipliers and the concentration of a major portion of expenses towards the end of the year. Consequently, the study calls for reforms in the implementation of the government budget, ensuring the even distribution of expenses throughout the fiscal year. Also, the government can increase the efficacy of its spending in the short run by pursuing policies that plug in the leakages of the spending multiplier. The outcomes of this research contribute to the broader discourse on the optimal allocation and implementation process of government resources and provide valuable insights for policymakers in Nepal seeking to bolster economic growth and development.

Impact of Domestic Tourist Spending on the Economy of West Java Province, Indonesia

The development of tourism in West Java in recent years has shown an increasing trend in domestic tourists until 2021. The increased number of domestic tourists has had an impact on West Java's economic activity. However, the tourism sector itself is not defined as a distinct sector in economic statistics, and as a result, the economic impact from tourism contributions is not quite noticeable, especially in West Java Province. This study aims to highlight the impact of tourism on the economy of West Java by examining domestic tourist spending in 2021 and its effect on the economy. The study estimates the multiplier effect of domestic tourists' spending on production, income, gross value added, and employment, to determine the economic impact of tourism. The results of this study indicate that tourism has a significant impact and plays a significant role in the West Java economy, contributing 9.28% to GRDP and 12.39% of the total working population in West Java in 2021.

Sustainable tourism competitiveness analysis for regional economic enhancement in West Java

Tourism is an economic sector that has a large multiplier effect on other economic activities, so that for certain areas that have tourism economic potential, it is very important to pay attention to and increase the competitiveness of tourism as a source of regional economic growth. This research aims to analyze the competitiveness of tourism in districts/cities in West Java. This research uses explanatory analysis and competitiveness mapping methods to identify superior tourism indicators in districts/cities in West Java. The indicators used in this research include the tourism impact index, human resources index, social development index, price competitiveness index and openness indicator. The results of the analysis found that there are only 4 regions that have superior tourism competitiveness in all indicators, namely Cirebon Regency, Indramayu Regency, Sukabumi City and Bekasi City. Based on the results of the analysis, this research recommends that the West Java Government and Regency/City Governments, apart from maintaining the attractiveness of tourism, also need to pay attention to competitiveness aspects so that it is hoped that tourism development in West Java can pay attention to sustainability aspects

COVID-19 vs event tourism: utilizing technology as a solution?

The COVID-19 pandemic that hit the world caused eventts in various countries to be canceled. Given the importance of eventts in tourism, this study aims to analyze the organization of eventts during the pandemic: how technology plays an important role in eventts and the eventt model that eventt organizers and participants prefer. A qualitative approach was used by presenting the results of in-depth interviews and the study of documents and literature related to the study. The study concluded that technology has been used in various tourism eventts abroad including in Indonesia. 'Virtual' eventts are still a debate between 'love' and 'hate' about the experience gained by participants, the costs incurred, and the multiplier effect received by the destination. Virtual Face to Face (VFF) is a new genre for eventts in Ubud Bali with the priority eventt model being the preferred VFF Art, Culture, and Entertainment event.

Economic Valuation of Bubohu Religious Tourism Village in Gorontalo District

The development of industrial tourism at local level directly opens up employment in tourism areas which can be managed and utilised by local communities. Bubohu religious tourism village is one of the tourism villages having a good potential economy, however there still are identified poverty issues in the village. This research calculates the value of potential economic and multiplier effect value of religious tourism village Bubohu by identifying the amount of visitor expenditure, business unit income, expenditure of business units and labour expenditure in this village. The research results obtained the average value of Willingness to Pay (WTP) indicating the expenditure of individual tourists visiting amounted to Rp 395.555/person. Then the estimated economic valuation of Bubohu religious tourism village which is based on tourist expenditure amoundted Rp 7.512.391.111. Furthermore, economic value will increase along with tourists coming to visit Bubohu religious tourism. The multiplier effect analysis results acquired that Keynesian Income Multiplier value is 1,25, and Ratio Income Multiplier type 1 is 1,45 as well as Ratio Income Multiplier type 2 is 1,87. The results indicated that the existing tourism activities at Bubohu religious tourism village have a good economic impact on the local communities.

ANALYSIS OF EMPLOYMENT IN THE EDUCATION SYSTEM OF THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC IN 2003-2022

At the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Summit of the 78th session of the UN General Assembly in September 2023 President of the Kyrgyz Republic S.N. Zhaparov declared Kyrgyzstan’s readiness to undertake concrete commitments to accelerate the achievement of SDGs by 2030 and its desire to become one of the top 30 countries by 2030. According to the UN Report on Sustainable Development in 2023, the Kyrgyz Republic took 45th place out of 166 countries studied. At the summit, the "Education" SDG-4 was identified as Kyrgyzstan’s main commitment to achieve the SDG by 2030, which in turn should have a multiplier effect on the achievement of other SDGs. The article studies the dynamics of the indicators of the employed population in the main work by types of economic activity and territory in the education sector, covering all seven regions of the republic and the city of Bishkek from 2003 to 2022

İklim Değişikliği, Tehdit Çarpanı Etkisi ve Güvenlik: İklim Güvenliğinden Uluslararası Güvenliğe

İklim değişikliği direkt ve tehdit çarpanı etkileri üzerinden ele alınan çok boyutlu ve kapsamlı bir meseledir. Güvenlik çalışmaları literatüründe ise iklim değişikliğinin direkt ve tehdit çarpanı etkileri sıklıkla insan güvenliği, ulusal güvenlik ve uluslararası güvenlik üzerinden çalışılmaktadır. Özellikle tehdit çarpanı etkisi, mevcut kırılganlıkları şiddetlendirici özelliği ile birden fazla analiz düzeyini etkileyen ve literatürde tartışılan bir konudur. Ancak, karmaşık, bazen büyük ölçekli ve çok katmanlı niteliklere sahip olabilen tehdit çarpanı etkisini bir ya da ikiden fazla analiz düzeyi üzerinden inceleyen az sayıda çalışma bulunmaktadır. İklim değişikliği hem bireysel hem ulusal hem küresel bir problemdir dolayısıyla bu meseleye birden fazla analiz düzeyi üzerinden bakabilmek önemlidir. Graeger›in 1996 yılında çevresel güvenlik üzerine yaptığı araştırmadan ilham alan bu çalışma, iklim değişikliğine yalnızca ulusal veya uluslararası güvenlik gözlüğünden bakmanın sınırlılıklarını eleştirerek iklim değişikliği, güvenlik ve sosyal, ekonomik veya politik kırılganlıklar arasındaki çoklu bağlantılara odaklanan bütünsel bir yaklaşımı savunmaktadır. Analitik literatür taramasına dayanan bu çalışma, iklim değişikliğinin etkilerini analiz etmek için çok düzeyli bir güvenlik çerçevesi önermektedir. Çalışmanın merkezinde güvenliğin referans nesneleri arasında nedensellik bağları kuran çok düzeyli sistematik bir perspektif yer almaktadır. Çalışma, etkili eylem ve stratejilerin bağlama özgü olması ve birden fazla analiz düzeyine uygun olması gerektiği sonucuna vararak iklim değişikliğini çok düzeyli güvenlik çerçevesinden ele almanın önemini savunmaktadır.

The Role of Village-Owned Enterprises (Bumdes) in Managing Prime Educational Tourism Selemak, Hamparan Perak North Sumatera

Prima Wisata Edukasi Selemak is an educational destination that is very suitable to be used as a place to relax. Prima Wisata Edukasi Selemak is located on Ustad. H. Abdul Khadir Nuh, Kelumpang, Kec. Hamparan Perak, Kab. Deli Serdang, North Sumatra 20256. This study aims to determine the role of BUMDes in the governance of Prima Selemak Educational Tourism and to analyze the role of BUMDes in managing Selemak Educational Tourism, Hamparan Perak. To find out the government's contribution to BUMDes in increasing the management revenue of Prima Wisata Edukasi Selemak. This research uses qualitative methods obtained through visits to Prima Wisata Edukasi Selemak. It uses data collection methods through in-depth interview observations with BUMDes administrators or managers based on informants who are one of the BUMDes sections and are also of the village officials of Prima Wisata Edukasi Selemak. In general, this research can provide information related to BUMDes in the management of Selemak Village. Prima Wisata Edukasi Selemak is assisted by BUMDes in managing this tourism business so that the results are by the previously compiled process. BUMDes focuses on addressing this Village by providing services in the field of promotion in the introduction of these tourism businesses. The results of the discussion of this research are some of the roles of BUMDes in the governance and development of the Selemak Prima Edukasi Tourism Park, namely, as a driver and as a reference in bringing high multiplier effects to local communities, and also plays a role in the development, empowerment and development of the community in the Village. The government has yet to contribute to increasing revenue at Taman Wisata Edukasi Selemak. Still, in providing education to local communities, the government has taken part and promoted Taman Wisata Edukasi Selemak.

Application and Analysis of Physical Education Teaching Methods in Basketball Specialized Classes

Physical education teaching methods run through the entire teaching process and have a significant impact on the quality of physical education teaching. Appropriate teaching methods have a multiplier effect on teaching quality. Scholars such as Jin Qinchang, Wu Zhichao, and Mao Zhenming have provided different definitions of "physical education teaching methods", but the core is centered around teachers' teaching and students' learning. The article summarizes the teaching methods used in the basketball elective class of Hunan Agricultural University for one semester, including language method, complete method and decomposition method, game method and competition method, hierarchical teaching method, and self-learning method, in order to explore suitable teaching methods for basketball classrooms.

Social Media and Sales Performance of Clothing Small Businesses in Nigeria

In Nigeria, small businesses are increasingly turning to social media as an approach for marketing and boosting their sales due largely to its wide reach and cost-effectiveness. The clothing industry is no exception, as small clothing businesses in Nigeria have begun to leverage social media to reach a wider audience and increase sales performance. Apparently, despite the huge potential of social media platforms available to prospective small businesses in Nigeria, existing and prospective small business owners still struggle to utilise these platforms to improve sales performance in the country. The paper examined the level of contributions of social media on small businesses' sales performance vis-a-vis customers purchasing behaviour. Also, it explored inherent challenges clothing businesses encountered on social media platforms for improved sales performance. The study was centred on descriptive research design through a qualitative approach, which relied on interviews. For the study, a purposive sampling technique was used to select 18 participants in the clothing business (shoes, fashion clothes, hairdressing and fashion accessories and hairdressing). By implication, social media usage has a multiplier effect on small businesses vis-à-vis the economic transformation of Nigeria if harnessed in line with the function framework. The study concluded that there is an apt need for small clothing businesses in Nigeria to grasp the trajectories and dynamics of social media and engage in effective and sustainable strategies to leverage social media for optimum benefit.

Estimating tax and government spending multipliers in China

ABSTRACT In recent years, China has implemented unprecedented fiscal policies, prompting crucial questions: are tax cuts effective in stimulating output and is the output effect from tax cuts greater than government spending in developing countries? This article addresses this ambiguity by providing a novel method to identify China’s tax and government spending shocks in a SVAR framework. The results show that both tax cuts and increased government spending positively impact output. The estimated tax multiplier is 2.4 (3.6) after 8 (20) quarters while the government spending multipliers are 0.3 (0.8), suggesting that tax cuts have a greater impact on output than government spending. The results above survive after a set of robustness checks. The findings contribute to the ongoing debate on the effectiveness of fiscal policy tools in developing economies and suggest that targeted tax measures could be a potent instrument for stimulating economic activity.

Natural resources, renewable energy, and healthcare expenditure in the pursuit of sustainable development amidst inflation reduction act of 2022

Global warming's mounting impact mandates immediate action to curb environmental degradation. The Inflation Reduction Act, passed in 2022, was devised to cut CO2 emissions by 40% over the next ten years. This is to be achieved by fostering environmental sustainability and curbing inflation. As key elements of the Inflation Reduction Act, the consumption of Natural Resources (NTR), Renewable Energy (REC), and Healthcare (HLT) warrant further scrutiny in our quest to augment environmental sustainability. Consequently, this study seeks to explore the role of these three variables in promoting sustainability through applying a Dynamic Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (DYNARDL). The results derived from the DYNARDL model reveal a disheartening role played by NTR and HLT in terms of environmental sustainability. In contrast, REC exhibits a promising role in promoting sustainability. Based on these findings, it is recommended that the Inflation Reduction Act be deployed more effectively. This would not only benefit ecological health but also contribute to economic prosperity. In accordance with the objectives set out in the Act, successful deployment would have a multiplier effect on the economy, facilitating a balance between the benefits accrued from the environment and the costs associated with environmental protection.

Quercetin- herbal bioactive nanotechnology for osteoarthritis & elderly health

Quercetin is rapidly emerging “bioactive” in the western world in the form of food supplement or healthy ingredient to address several lifestyle issues such as cardiovascular, hypertension and diabetes issues, obesity and cancer. It is a flavanoid found common in some healthy fruits and vegetables/ spices such as Red Onion, Coriander, Pomegranate, Asparagus, Green Tea, Coffee etc. It is highly anti-inflammatory and sold as over the counter food supplement in the western world to address cardiovascular, hypertension and diabetes issues. Osteoarthritis, an auto-immune disease prevails among the musco-skeletal diseases that comprise 4th most disabling conditions among elders globally but no proven drug yet (Shen et al, . Quercetin has shown to attenuate it in vivo, in vitro and even limited human trials by scavenging free radicals that and preventing the loss of bone/ cartilage/ muscle. However, quercetin bioabsorption is low so we propose its conjugation with non-polar amino acid viz. Glycine for multiplier effect. Glycine is a key component of Glutathione, the natural antioxidant in the human body. Glycine alone shown to improve collagen synthesis by articular chondrocytes in vitro and its deficiency may cause osteoarthritis, vide literature. So its conjugate with Quercetin boost the Glutathione level & improve body’s own antioxidant system , to reduce the cartilage loss and prevent osteoarthritis.

Effects of Expansionary Fiscal Policy in a Commodity-Exporting Economy: Evidence from Mongolia

Abstract This study contributes to the ongoing debate on the consequences of expansionary fiscal policy by evaluating the macroeconomic effects of various fiscal policy options in a small open economy using a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model. In addition, the study emphasizes the importance of studying Mongolia, which has unique characteristics and exhibits significant research gaps regarding its fiscal policy. The general architecture of the selected DSGE model includes different types of firms and households, commodity sectors, natural resource funds, and abundant fiscal tools regarding both expenditure and revenue. Employing numerous types of fiscal policy shocks, this study reveals that an exogenous increase in government investment yields the most significant long-term economic benefits, boosting potential output by 0.3%. Among the policy options, government transfers are the least effective in promoting economic output, and existing transfer policies in Mongolia appear to exert only a modest impact on growth, instead primarily contributing to the redistribution of resources. Finally, the estimated output multipliers (except transfers) are greater than one, implying that fiscal policy instruments may be an effective tool for managing the economy in Mongolia. JEL classification numbers: E17, E62, H24, H54, H55. Keywords: Fiscal policy, Fiscal policy multiplier, Small open economy, Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium model, Natural Resource Sector.

Menggali Sektor Ekonomi Unggulan dan Berdaya Saing di Kota Bogor Tahun 2014- 2022

This research aims to identify the leading business sectors or fields that are the main contributors to Bogor City's GRDP in the period 2014 to 2014. currently and its development strategy. The method used uses location quotient (LQ) analysis, dynamic location quotient (LQ) analysis, and shift-share analysis. The results of the research show that the leading sectors of Bogor City that have potential for development are (1) transportation and warehousing, (2) educational services, (3) health services and social activities, and (4) other services. It is hoped that the Bogor City Government can develop development policy strategies to continue to encourage the growth of leading sectors. It is hoped that these four leading sectors can create a multiplier effect on other sectors to continue to grow and their contribution to GRDP will increase.