Children In First Year Research Articles

Classroom Teachers' Perceptions of Science and Inquiry-Based Teaching

Inquiry-based teaching is an approach that carries the same steps as the process of producing scientific knowledge, where the student is at the center of learning, and where teachers must develop the inquiry skills of both themselves and their students. It can be said that in the first years of childhood, the person students spend the most time with, after their families, is their classroom teacher. The basic knowledge taught in primary school forms the basis of the following levels. An innovative strategy method is essential in the development and implementation of educational activities with a research-based teaching approach. However, teachers need time, resources, training and support to effectively implement inquiry-based teaching in their classrooms and develop inquiry skills. TÜBİTAK 4004 "MAT-SOR Inquiry-Based Activity Development Camp" project was carried out to support classroom teachers within the scope of the Science and Community Support Programs Mathematics Year Special Call. The project aims to increase the competencies of classroom teachers in developing activity plans and to ensure that they acquire the skills required by the 21st century. Within the scope of this project, "mystery boxes" training was organized to help classroom teachers recognize and improve their skills in understanding science and inquiry-based teaching practices. For this purpose, teachers' opinions were taken with open-ended questions before and after the training. The data of the research was obtained from 25 teachers who participated in the project. The data obtained was analyzed using the content analysis method, which is one of the qualitative analysis methods. Three researchers conducted analyzes independently, and then themes and categories were determined. As a result of the study, it was determined that teachers' ideas about science improved, and their ideas about the steps of inquiry-based teaching in general emerged. It can be stated that providing new methods and approaches and applied training contributes to developing educational activities for individuals.

Role of Extended Family for Intrafamilial Transmission of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Bulgarian Children

Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the most common chronic bacterial infections worldwide. The infection is usually acquired during the first years of childhood and transmission from infected mother is considered an important epidemiological factor. The aim of this study was to assess the H. pylori positivity in Bulgarian symptomatic children in association with the presence or absence of family anamnesis of gastroduodenal diseases among their parents, siblings and grandparents. H. pylori infection was evaluated in 362 children in two groups: 181 children with family anamnesis of gastroduodenal diseases and 181 children without family anamnesis. All patients underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy and gastric biopsy samples for microbiological examination for H. pylori were taken. H. pylori infection among children with family history of gastroduodenal diseases was significantly more frequent (69.1%) compared with the group of patients without a family anamnesis (21.0%, p <0.0001). In addition to the significance of the infected parents (69.4%) and siblings (52.0%), infected grandparents were also associated with high prevalence of the infection (77.8%, 21/27 cases) in the children. In conclusion, H. pylori infection among children with family history of gastroduodenal disease was 3.3-fold higher than that in the group without family anamnesis. The significance of the grandparents in the extended family households should be considered.

초등학교 1학년 담임교사의 ｢학교엄마｣로 살아가기

Objectives This study aims to understand the expertise of first-year elementary school teachers and to prepare basic data for finding desirable first-year education plans by examining the process of first-year elementary school teachers living as ｢school mothers｣.
 Methods From April 2021 to March 2022, data were collected through interviews with five first-year elementary school teachers in Seoul through semi-structured questions, and at the same time, educational experiences were organized and analyzed through qualitative analysis.
 Results First, 1st grade teachers showed different reactions, such as trembling with fear or calmness, depending on whether or not they had 1st grade education experience and the level of 1st grade teachers, as ‘preparatory ｢School Mothers’ dream of different dreams｣ right after the grade assignment. Second, as part of an effort to understand first-year children, they experienced transformation and roles as ｢school mothers｣. Third, while performing the role of ｢School Mother｣, she experienced hardships such as facing conflicts with children and parents. Fourth, through the growth of first-year children, they experienced joy and worth as a ｢school mother｣.
 Conclusions If a systematic teacher training and teacher training system is in place to enhance professionalism as a first grade teacher, and at the same time, if the lower grade teacher assignment system is also desirable, it will contribute to moving the first grade education in a more positive and professional direction.

THE EFFECTS OF INTERACTIVE BOOK READING ACTIVITIES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

Early childhood is one of the irreversible periods of life. Especially this period is the foundation of the learning future of the child. The first years of childhood are a period when cognitive, physical and language development is faster than other years. For this reason, it is very important to determine the achievements of interactive book reading activities to be done with children in the preschool period and to manage the process accordingly. The purpose of this research is to determine the effects of interactive storybook reading activities in and out of school on the developmental areas of children, according to the opinions of preschool teachers, preschool teacher candidates and parents. The study group of the research is affiliated to the Ministry of National Education in Konya City Center in the 2020-2021 academic year; It consists of an independent kindergarten, 5 preschool teachers in this school, and 15 pre-school teacher candidates, a total of 20 people. Qualitative research method was used in this study.

Diagnostics and dynamic observation of congenital malformations of the urinary system organs in first-year children

Diagnostics and dynamic observation of congenital malformations of the urinary system organs in first-year children

Гострий гематогенний остеомієліт у дітей: питання діагностики та лікування

Purpose – to analyze treatment results and to improve algorithms of diagnostic, treatment and rehabilitation of children with acute hematogenous osteomyelitis (AHO). Materials and methods. A study of 884 patients with AHO, who were treated at the Zhytomyr Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital and O. F. Gerbachevsky Zhytomyr Regional Hospital surgical department (child surgical department has been at the adult regional hospital until 1986) in the period from 1978 to 2019. 60.5% patients were boys, the vast majority – 488 (55.1%) – villagers. School-age children (7–15 years) – 353 (39.9%), first-year children – 228 (25.8%). General clinical and laboratory tests, X-ray, ultrasound, CT and MRI, microbiological and immunological test were used to control the course of the disease and the treatment effectiveness. Results. The most common AHO pathogen remains the same – Staphylococcus aureus, however it’s frequency dropped from 60.4% to 46.1% because of increased Kl. pneumoniae, sticks of blue-green pus, to a lesser extent – Klebsiella and mixed flora. Also we established dependence AHO form from the pathogens number and age. The most often AHO determinants (provocation or trigger) were limb traumas (352 patients – 39.8%), lesser – respiratory diseases, skin and soft tissue inflammation. In 37.4% cases (341 patients) there was no such symptoms. Differences in the immunological characteristics of the three clinical forms of AHO disease become clear only during comparative assessment of the dynamics of immunological parameters by stages of the disease. The main subpopulations of T lymphocytes and their interrelated indicator, the helper-suppressor index, are the structural basis for the formation of differences in the immune response. Phlegmon disclosure (subperiosteal, paraosal, periarticular) in total was performed in 863 patients (97.6%), of which 84 children (9.5%) had recurrence. Bone needles puncture was performed in 613 patients (69.3%), of which osteoperforation – in 589 (66.5%). In newborns, antibiotic administration into the bone (metaepiphysis, close to the affected joint) and into the joint was performed by puncture 1–2 times a day for 7–10 days. In young children, decompression of the inflammatory focus in the bone was achieved by setting Dufox needles. Soft tissue abscesses were opened as they appeared, and in purulent pleurisy and pyopneumothorax (in 25 of 52 patients) pleural cavities were drained. There was reduction of local edema, hyperemia in children of experimental groups with generalized forms (septicopia and toxicoseptic) during the first week in 44.4% and 45.4% in the control group – 0.0%-15.9%, p<0.05). The reparation activity increased in 2.5–4.5 times. During the first week, right after starting liposomal therapy, body temperature in children with generalized AHO normalized, while in the control group it occurred only in 12.5–23.1% of patients. The duration of hospital treatment was reduced In the experimental group: 90.0% patients with local forms were treated less than 32 days, 88.9% patients with toxicoseptic and 72.7% of patients with septicopiaemic forms (in the control group, accordingly 92.8%, 37.5%, 38.5%, p1<0.05, p2–3<0.05). Conclusions. Diagnosis of AHO requires today a comprehensive examination: history, local changes and generalization of the process, MRI, ultrasound, radiography at a later date. Decisive in the treatment of AHO in children is the timely and complete irrigation of the lesion area, so the leading specialists in the treatment of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis should be pediatric surgeons. Consultation of related specialists proceeding if necessary. Empirical antibiotic therapy should be planned with consideration of sterile body fluid cultures in patients with various forms of the disease and their antibiotic sensitivity. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local ethics committee of all participating institutions. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: hematogenous osteomyelitis, children, diagnostic, treatment and rehabilitation.

Collaborative Care Expands Reach to Racial/Ethnic Minority Patients

Collaborative Care Expands Reach to Racial/Ethnic Minority Patients

Autism Spectrum Disorder and Prenatal or Early Life Exposure to Pesticides: A Short Review.

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnoses have rapidly increased globally. Both environmental and genetic factors appear to contribute to the development of ASD. Several studies have shown a potential association between prenatal or postnatal pesticide exposure and the risk of developing ASD. Methods: We reviewed the available literature concerning the relationship between early life exposure to pesticides used in agriculture, such as organochlorines, organophosphates and pyrethroids, and ASD onset in childhood. We searched on Medline and Scopus for cohort or case–control studies published in English from 1977 to 2020. Results: A total of seven articles were selected for the review. We found a remarkable association between the maternal exposure to pyrethroid, as well as the exposure to organophosphate during pregnancy or in the first years of childhood, and the risk of ASD onset. This association was found to be less evident with organochlorine pesticides. Pregnancy seems to be the time when pesticide exposure appears to have the greatest impact on the onset of ASD in children. Conclusions: Among the different environmental pollutants, pesticides should be considered as emerging risk factors for ASD. The potential association identified between the exposure to pesticides and ASD needs to be implemented and confirmed by further epidemiological studies based on individual assessment both in outdoor and indoor conditions, including multiple confounding factors, and using statistical models that take into account single and multiple pesticide residues.

14.5 PHYSICIAN BURNOUT: A PERSONAL JOURNEY

The objective of this presentation will be to present a personal perspective of burnout. Additionally, we will discuss ways to enhance personal wellness. This session will be an interview with a first-year child and adolescent psychiatry fellow, who will detail his personal journey with burnout. We will have an interactive discussion with attendees about others’ experiences as well. Understanding the personal effects of burnout can be a useful tool in understanding the importance of wellness. Some ways that individuals can enhance their own wellness include exercise, meditation, spending time with friends and family, and getting sufficient sleep. It is important to understand one’s own limits and communicate those appropriately, as well as to seek out professional help when necessary. Learning about others’ experiences with burnout can be helpful. We can learn tools from each other to improve wellness moving forward.

Stereoacuity and its determinants in 7-year-old children: the Lhasa Childhood Eye Study.

To explore the distribution of stereoacuity and to examine its determinants in school-age children in Tibetan plateau, Southwest China. This is the cross-sectional part of a school-based cohort study of 7-year-old children in Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, Southwest China. Children in first year of primary school were invited to undergo a comprehensive examination, including height, weight, visual acuity, cycloplegic autorefraction (1% cyclopentolate), anterior segment, cover and uncover test, and stereoacuity (Titmus Stereo Test). A total of 1833 eligible subjects were included, with a mean age of 6.82 ± 0.46years. Mean stereoacuity was 1.78 ± 0.21 in log units (median: 60 arcsec). Children with stereoacuity equal to 40 arcsec and stereoacuity worse than 100 arcsec accounted for 29.24% and 8.18% of the cohort, respectively. Tibetan ethnicity (OR = 1.98; 95%CI, 1.30-3.03), astigmatism (OR = 1.65; 95%CI, 1.26-2.17), strabismus (OR = 2.92; 95%CI, 1.38-6.18), and amblyopia (OR = 3.77; 95%CI, 1.14-12.49) were risk factors for normal stereoacuity (= 40 arcsec). Shorter height, younger age, strabismus, and worse BCVA (P < 0.05 for all) were both related to lower stereoacuity in Spearman correlation analysis and associated with lower stereoacuity in multivariate regression analysis. Stereoacuity maturation does not appear fully completed in 7-year-old children, while few children present stereoacuity worse than 100 arcsec (8.18%). Lower stereoacuity was associated with younger age, shorter height, strabismus, and lower best-corrected visual acuity.

A patient safety and quality improvement curriculum for child and adolescent psychiatry fellows using the Learning from Defect Tool

The purpose of this article is to describe the development and evaluation of an 11-session patient safety and quality improvement curriculum for first-year child and adolescent psychiatry fellows. The curriculum uses the Learning from Defects tool which teaches fellows how to conduct an analysis of a safety event they have encountered in their clinical work. The Learning from Defects tool provides a structured approach to address adverse clinical events and identify system failures by providing a framework to determine what happened, examine why it happened, implement interventions to reduce the probability that a similar event will recur, and evaluate whether the interventions were effective. Six fellows participated in the curriculum during their protected didactics time. Curriculum evaluation included an assessment of fellows’ knowledge, skills, and attitudes toward patient safety and quality improvement before and immediately after the curriculum, and 6-months later. Immediately upon completion of the curriculum, fellows reported more confidence and comfort with patient safety and quality improvement-related tasks in their clinical practice. Fellows reported a positive perception of the curriculum related to their learning objectives and utility in the future career. At the 6-month follow-up, the majority of fellows continued to work on their Learning from Defects project and endorsed the intention to participate in patient safety and quality improvement work in the future. This study provides preliminary support for implementing this patient safety and quality improvement curriculum utilizing the Learning from Defects tool in child and adolescent psychiatry fellowship programs. The Learning from Defects tool offers a practical way to teach patient safety and quality improvement skills that potentially can be generalized to future clinical work.

The “Slow Horse Racing Effect” on Lung Function in Adult Life in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Associated to Biomass Exposure

Although different trajectories in lung function decline have been identified in patients with COPD associated to tobacco exposure (TE-COPD), genetic, environmental, and infectious factors affecting lung function throughout life have not been fully elucidated in patients with COPD associated to biomass (BE-COPD). In this review, we present current epidemiological findings and notable advances in the natural history of lung decline in BE-COPD, as well as conditions modeling the FEV1 trajectory, such as health insults, during the first years of childhood. Evidence shows that women exposed to biomass smoke reach adult life with a lower FEV1 than expected. However, in contrast to the “horse racing effect” predicting an excessive lung-function decline in forthcoming years, as observed in smokers, this decline is slower in non-smokers, and no rapid decliners are observed. Accordingly, BE-COPD might be considered another phenotype of COPD based on assessments of lung function decline. Likewise, other functional and clinical aspects described in this review suggest that this condition might be similar to TE-COPD. More research is needed to fully characterize this subgroup of variants of COPD.

Psycho-pedagogical program for detection, assistance and linguistic stimulation of dyslalia problems in children in kindergartens in the city of Sucre

The present project entered upon the problem of functional dislalia, from the point of view of be consider one of the main problems of articulation during the first years of childhood and is obvious when child enters to kinder garden. In this point, during the months of September and October of 2009 we intervened in a group of children whit problems of functional dislalia in kinder ―San Roque‖ from Sucre city, we had the objective of apply a program of psico pedagogical action for the detection, treatment and linguistic stimulation of dislalia problem that contribute in a correct development of speaking, in order to do this we developed the next stages in the progress of the investigation. At the beginning, we developed a session to inform and sensitize parents and teachers from the institution. In the second stage the diagnostic of children remitted by teachers was important in order to identify and corroborate cases of children with functional dislalia problem. Once the group of children whit articulation problem was detected, we proceed with the stage of intervention that consisted in a linguistic stimulation process for children and a training session whit parents and teachers. The first process was developed in the beginning with muscular exercise and plays, the objective was focused in facilitate points and ways of articulation. The training of teachers and parents was focused in a plan and use of techniques and activities to aboard this problem in children of the institution. All the intervention that was described allowed the beginning of a process of linguistic stimulation for functional dislalia problems, with the perspective of it can be continued for whom constitute in the near environment from children like parents and teachers.

Treatment Characteristics of Kidney Stone Disease in Children

Kidney stone disease (KSD) is a disease caused by the formation of calculi in kidneys and other parts of the urinary tract. The rate of hospitalization of children with KSD worldwide is increasing. The adequate method of calculus extraction and further therapy according to calculus composition and metabolic disorders are crucial for effective treatment of patients with KSD and recurrence risk reduction. This review covers surgical (extracorporeal lithotripsy, percutaneous nephrolithotripsy, retrograde intrarenal surgery, ureterolithotripsy, laparoscopy, open surgery) and non-surgical (lithokinetic and litholytic) therapy. Special attention is paid to metaphylaxis, or recurrence prevention, and calculi formation. It is noted that medication of children with KSD can be aggravated by various adverse reactions, complexity in drugs dosages in children of first years of life. Moreover, all surgical methods are characterized by high risk of postoperative complications development. The relevance of KSD genetic nature in children, the role of lifestyle changes in disease development, the implementation of new drugs for metabolic disorders correction are presented in the article.

A effect of mother's warm parenting attitudes and parent-child interaction in academic performance of first-year children: Mediating effect of learning readiness

본 연구에서는 어머니의 온정적 양육태도와 부모-자녀 상호작용이 초등학교 1학년 자녀의 학업수행능력에 직접적으로 영향을 미치는지와 학습준비도를 통해 간접적으로 영향을 미치는지를 검증하고자 하였다. 이을 위해 한국아동패널 6차년도(2013년)에서 8차년도(2015년)까지 3개년도 자료를 활용하였고총 2,150명의 자료를 분석에 활용하였다. 연구대상은 6차년도를 기준으로 만 5세이다. 연구문제를 검증하기 위하여 구조방정식모형을 적용하였고 주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 어머니의 온정적 양육태도는 1년 뒤의 학습준비도와 2년 뒤의 학업수행능력에 정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 어머니와 자녀 간의 상호작용은 1년 뒤의 학습준비도에 정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 학습준비도는 1년 뒤의 학업수행능력에 정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 학습준비도는 온정적 양육태도와 학업수행능력 간의 관계를 부분매개하고, 부모-자녀 상호작용과 학업수행능력 간의 관계를 완전매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 초등학교 1학년의 학습수행에 과거 시기의 어머니의 온정적 양육태도와 부모-자녀 간의 상호작용이 주요하게 작용함을 밝힘으로써 자녀의 학업을 위한 부모교육 프로그램 개발에 기초자료를 제공했다는 점에 의의가 있다.

Ametropia and Emmetropization in CNGB3 Achromatopsia.

PurposeEmmetropization is the process of adjusting ocular growth to the focal plane in order to achieve a clear image. Chromatic light may be involved as a cue to guide this process. Achromats are color blind and lack normal cone function; they are often described as being hyperopic, indicating a failure to emmetropize. We aim to describe the refraction and refractive development in a population of genetically characterized achromats.MethodsRefractive error data were collected retrospectively from 28 medical records of CNGB3 c.1148delC homozygous achromats. The distribution of spherical equivalent refractive error (SER) and spherical error was analyzed in adults. The refractive development in children was analyzed by documenting astigmatic refractive error and calculating median SER in 1-year age groups and by analyzing the individual development when possible.ResultsThe distribution of SER and spherical error resembled a Gaussian distribution, indicating that emmetropization was disturbed in achromats, but we found indication of some decrease in SER during the first years of childhood. The prevalence of refractive errors was high and broadly distributed. Astigmatic refractive errors were frequent but did not seem to increase with age.ConclusionsRefractive development in achromats is more complicated than a complete failure to emmetropize. The spread of refractive errors is larger than previously documented. Results presented here support the theory that chromatic cues and cone photoreceptors may play a role in emmetropization in humans but that it is not essential.

Central Hypothyroidism: The Endocrine “Memory” for Dyke–Davidoff–Masson Syndrome

Hypothyroidism is a worldwide medical problem, most of the cases being related to primary causes like thyroid autoimmune background or multinodular goiter. A particular form of thyroid hormone insufficiency of the central type is related to Dyke–Davidoff–Masson (DDM) syndrome, which is a severe condition associating hemicerebral hypoplasia or even atrophy, a consequence of a brain injury during the fetal period of time or the first years of childhood. In addition to neurological damage, pituitary function may be affected, requiring hormone replacement.

Factors, forming health status of children of first year of life (literature review)

The aim was to study the risk factors, forming the health status of children during the first year of life.&#x0D; The article presents a review of literature on the identification of various factors, forming health of children during the first year of life. The growing morbidity rate among the child population makes it urgent to find methods for improving childrens health including early diagnosis, so as to eliminate or reduce the impact of risk factors.&#x0D; In the current conditions, it is possible to affect significantly the health of children, in experts opinion, from the standpoint of a systematic analysis of the totality of socio-economic causes and risk factors. The joint efforts of pediatricians and parents will significantly improve the quality of life of a child without significant financial costs, thus, reducing family costs, spent for treatment and rehabilitation activities.

The efficiency of vitamin D using in the formation of food tolerance to cow’s milk protein in children with food allergy

The problem of vitamin D deficiency is one of the most actual today, because, according to the results of numerous studies, its deficiency is registered in half the worlds population. The article presents the results of a study on the level of vitamin D in children of first year of life, suffering from cows milk proteins allergy, as well as in children who have formed a secondary food tolerance to this allergen. In the article was evaluated the effectiveness of the additional use of vitamin D against the background of the therapeutic dairy-free diet use. It was found that the 57.1 4.8% children of first year of life with cows milk proteins allergy have vitamin D insufficiency. Normal vitamin D level was found in only 36.2 4.7% of patients. In turn, vitamin D deficiency was found in 6.7 2.4% children, suffering from cows milk proteins allergy. It was found that the additional daily intake of vitamin D on the background of the use of therapeutic dairy-free diet may reduce the time of development of food tolerance to cows milk proteins and achieve the formation of secondary food tolerance for the three years in 92.0 3.8% of children with cows milk proteins allergy. It was found, that the use of only therapeutic dairy-free diet allows to achieve the formation of secondary food tolerance only in 76.0 6.0% children (p 0.05). The normal level of vitamin D were established in 97.6 1.7 % children, formed a secondary food tolerance to cows milk proteins.

Influence of congenital heart disease-caused hypoxia on intrathymic development of t-lymphocytes in children of first year of life

Aim. To study the influence of hypoxia, caused by congenital heart disease, on the intrathymic development of T-lymphocytes and provision of the organism with T-cellular resource in children with cardiac pathology of different degree of severity.&#x0D; Materials and methods. The paper presents the results of complex immunomorphological study of the thymus in children of the first year of life (n = 129) with congenital heart diseases. Hystochemical and immunological methods were used to assess the influence of congenital heart disease-caused hypoxia on the functional status of thymus regarding provision of a child with T-lymphocytes.&#x0D; Results. It was established that the degree of severity of congenital heart disease correlated with the degree of suppression of T-lymphocyte pool formation. During the first year of life, proliferative activity of thymocytes (assessed by Ki-67 expression) in the thymus falls, being the reason of decrease in the number of CD3+ thymocytes. In conditions of marked hypoxia (blue type of defect) the process of T-lymphocyte differentiation is inhibited that causes preservation of less mature forms of thymocytes. As a result, hypoxia is the reason of proliferation suppression and thymocyte differentiation, influencing subpopulation composition of the cells. Thus, insufficient quantity of thymic migrants enters the peripheral blood that confirms low functional activity of thymus regarding provision of the organism with T-cellular resource.&#x0D; Conclusions. No doubt, it can be the cause of immunodeficient state and reduced formation of adaptive immunity in this category of children.