Fire-fighting Equipment Research Articles

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТЕЙ ПРОЦЕССА ЭВАКУАЦИИ ДЛЯ ОБЪЕКТОВ КУЛЬТУРНОГО НАСЛЕДИЯ

Introduction . Many cultural heritage objects are multifunctional historic buildings with protected architectural and constructional solutions contradicting fire safety requirements. Safe evacuation should be provided for such objects with high occupancy, but it’s complicated by various occupant groups (children, foreigners, disabled people). Development of evacuation training guidelines for cultural heritage objects is necessary. Methods . People in fire evacuation should follow strictly defined routes, according fire evacuation plans. This makes evacuation training for personnel necessary. Evacuation trainings for personnel are regularly organized in State Hermitage Museum. Fire safety commission develops annual scheduled plan and training plan, evacuation training results are estimated in review. Evacuation training for personnel and visitors was organized in Winter Palace of State Hermitage Museum on tha 5th April 2018. Museum personnel, emergency service, Russian National Guard coordination, people evacuation and rescue, cultural property salvage, fire protection systems condition, completeness with emergency firefighting equipment and first aid treatment were checked. Results and discussion . Evacuation training was organized according to plan, it was succeeding at goal. Visitor evacuation training time didn’t exceed normative and calculated. But it’s necessary to take into account that people behavior at real evacuation may vary and make stream movement difficult. Conclusion . Evacuation training procedure improvement can be organized by investigation of people stream movement, analysis of high occupancy time intervals, especially for various-aged children. Such analysis should include museum visit statistical data.

Performance-based Evaluation on Evacuation Safety of Studio Residential Buildings according to Installation of Smoke Exhaust System

Most studio residential buildings of the type frequently constructed in big cities suffer from a paucity of smoke exhaustion facilities and fire-fighting equipment. This poses a significant safety risk and may cause many casualties when fires or fire-related accidents occur. In this study, fire and evacuation simulations were conducted at a studio residential building, and the level of evacuation safety was evaluated according to the location of fire ignition, installation of smoke exhaustion equipment, and evacuation delay time. The simulation results showed that the most effective methods to minimize casualties caused by fire are to install smoke exhaustion equipment and to significantly reduce the evacuation delay time by all possible means. Keywords: Fire Simulation, Evacuation Simulation, Evacuation Safety, Smoke Exhaustion Facilities, Evacuation Delay Time

THE METHOD OF USING THE LIFTING TROUBLESHOOT FOR CONSUMPTION OF SATISFACTORIES FROM UNDERGROUND MANIFOLDS (WELLS)

Introduction. The main task of the SNSS rescue units is to provide emergency assistance and rescue of the population in case of occurrence of events that threaten their life and health or may cause material damage. The success of rescuing people by fire brigades depends on several factors. First of all, it is the presence of special fire fighting equipment for rescue operations at the altitude and the technical possibility of its use.
 Today, the rescue of the victim from a sewage well, a water collector - a phenomenon is still quite widespread. Such cases come from the fault of the victim, yes, and due to negligence of the relevant utilities.
 Purpose. In rescuing people from multistory buildings, rescuers use motorbikes, but if the motorway can not arrive at an emergency, and manual fire ladders do not reach the required height, fire and rescue units use fire ropes and evacuate people with them.Rescue works in wells of underground communications are divided into the following stages: • Preparation of the necessary equipment and place of the event for the execution of works; • Emergency rescue directly into the well; • Preparation of the victim for lifting to the surface and transportation; • lifesaving on the surface.
 Methods. For descent from the floors or lifting from the underground well, the survivors of the survivors knit a double rescue loop from the fire rope and put it on the victim. But there is a better alternative to the double rescue loop - this is a rescue triangle.
 Results. Characteristics of the rescue triangle: time of dressing, comfort of dressing, durability, care of the rescue triangle.Conclusion. Equipping at least fire trucks equipped with rescue tripods, rescue triangles will greatly simplify the work and increase the efficiency of rescue works from the floors of the house or underground collectors (wells).

Development of an experimental laboratory sample of foam extinguishing system using compressed air (CAFS)

The analysis of known structures of foam generating systems with compressed air, as well as the results of research on operational experiments, tests and research of systems carried out abroad, allowed to formulate basic principle requirements to technological and constructive parameters of foam generating systems with compressed air.
 The general trend in the design of various structures, especially complex, built on the internal interaction of individual structural units – is the development of a mathematical model, preceding a constructive solution and often is the calculated basis for them. The created mathematical model of the process of foaming made it possible to determine the dependence of the quality of the foam obtained on the structural and technological parameters. On the basis of the developed mathematical model of foaming, a principal scheme of the process is proposed and a small-sized test facility is created for studying the possibilities of obtaining a compression foam according to the proposed scheme. The peculiarities of the work are an attempt to obtain compression foam according to the proposed scheme with the use of domestic general purpose foam generators using the modernized existing portable fire extinguishing equipment, which is at the disposal of fire units of Ukraine. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of development of small-sized mobile and portable plants, which can be used as an addition to existing fire-fighting equipment. During the experiments, the variables were the brands and concentrations of foam generators, the magnitude of air pressure in the system, and the ratio of water to air. The dependence of the quality of the foam on the change in pressure on the outlet nozzle was established, therefore, during each experiment it was controlled and maintained constant during its conduct. As a result of previous tests, the possibility of obtaining a compression foam according to the proposed scheme with the use of synthetic domestic general purpose foam generators with the use of existing fire equipment has been confirmed. The following are ways of developing work.

About the Cover

About the Cover The Burning of the Houses of Lords and Commons, 16 October 1834, 1835 Joseph Mallord William Turner (British, 1775-1851) oil on canvas, Framed: 123.5 x 153.5 x 12 cm (48 9/16 x 60 3/8 x 4 11/16 in.); Unframed: 92 x 123.2 cm (36 3/16 x 48 1/2 in.). Bequest of John L. Severance 1942.647 Image Credit: Cleveland Museum of Art On the night of October 16, 1834, fire consumed the Houses of Parliament in London. Londoners gathered along the banks of the river Thames to gaze in awe at the horrifying spectacle. Initially, a low tide made it difficult to pump water to fire-fighting equipment on land; likewise, it hampered steamers towing fire-fighting equipment up the river. Although the tides eventually shifted, the effort was futile, as the fire burned uncontrollably for hours. Turner records this as the steamers in the lower-right corner head toward the flames.Although Turner based the painting on an actual event, he used the disaster as the starting point to express man’s helplessness when confronted with the destructive powers of nature, here dissolved in brilliant swaths of color and variable atmospheric effects that border on abstraction.

Challenges faced in controlling wildland fires in Mazowe A1 resettlement farming areas of Zimbabwe

Wildland fires pose a big threat to both flora and fauna. In Zimbabwe an estimated 1 million hectares (ha) are burnt annually. The present study uses multiple sources of information including review of published literature, reports, field observations, questionnaires and interviews to investigate the challenges faced in controlling wildland fires in A1 resettlement farming areas of Zimbabwe. Two sites, ward 24 and 31 in Mazowe District were used as case studies to compile responses from 400 households. The results of the study indicated that issues of education, experience and lack of information in wildland fire management played a role in wildland fire management. In ward 24.6% never attended school, while 30%, 48% and 8% had reached primary education, secondary education and tertiary education respectively. In ward 31, the highest level of education of the respondents was 8%, 58% and 34% for primary level, secondary level, and tertiary education respectively. The predominant challenge was lack of experience in fire control as 52% of the respondents had never been involved in fire suppression. In addition, lack of information was highlighted as a major cause of wildland fires, as only 35% of respondents had attended fire awareness campaigns. The other challenges included; lack of proper fire fighting equipment, poor volunteerism and poor implementation of policies and regulations. It was concluded that multiple challenges exist in managing wildland fires, and hence more emphasis should be placed in training and equipping communities with fire management skills and provision of fire fighting equipment. A multi-sectoral approach is also recommended for implementation and enforcement of fire management regulations in the resettlement farming areas.

The Simulation System of Ship Fixed Water Extinguishing Training Based on Virtual Reality Technique

Because it is rough to teach and train students in real environment, the ship fixed water extinguishing simulation training system is built, which can not only restore the environment but also reduce the training cost. The modeling software (3D Max) is used to establish fixed water fire-fighting equipment models. Meanwhile, the HTC VIVE helmet is used to enhance the sense of reality and the Unity3D engine is used to set up the virtual scene of the ship. The students’ movement is realized by Bezier curve. The operation to virtual equipment is realized by the collision detection. The route of the virtual crew is realized by the A* algorithm. The examination result illustrates that the training system can be applied to the firefighting training.

Fluid mechanics of Windkessel effect.

We describe a mechanistic model of Windkessel phenomenon based on the linear dynamics of fluid-structure interactions. The phenomenon has its origin in an old-fashioned fire-fighting equipment where an air chamber serves to transform the intermittent influx from a pump to a more steady stream out of the hose. A similar mechanism exists in the cardiovascular system where blood injected intermittantly from the heart becomes rather smooth after passing through an elastic aorta. In existing haeodynamics literature, this mechanism is explained on the basis of electric circuit analogy with empirical impedances. We present a mechanistic theory based on the principles of fluid/structure interactions. Using a simple one-dimensional model, wave motion in the elastic aorta is coupled to the viscous flow in the rigid peripheral artery. Explicit formulas are derived that exhibit the role of material properties such as the blood density, viscosity, wall elasticity, and radii and lengths of the vessels. The current two-element model in haemodynamics is shown to be the limit of short aorta and low injection frequency and the impedance coefficients are derived theoretically. Numerical results for different aorta lengths and radii are discussed to demonstrate their effects on the time variations of blood pressure, wall shear stress, and discharge. Graphical Abstract A mechanistic analysis of Windkessel Effect is described which confirms theoretically the well-known feature that intermittent influx becomes continuous outflow. The theory depends only on the density and viscosity of the blood, the elasticity and dimensions of the vessel. Empirical impedence parameters are avoided.

Fire Safety and Security System in High-rise Buildings in Tangail Pourashava

Fire safety and security system in high-rise buildings has been a significant issue from the last century. However, there are numerous provisions for safety measures from such fires and the magnitude and nature of the problem of this hazard has been unknown. This study identifies the location of high-rise buildings in Tangail pourashava through an extensive survey and then identifies the unique fire safety problems of those buildings and their associated fire risk. As it turns out, most of those buildings are highly vulnerable to fire risk due to lack of major fire fighting equipments and defiance of related laws and regulations. The study then addresses the means to provide fire safety in those buildings from both design and codes perspectives. It elaborates on the need to provide both building and occupant based protection to achieve the best results. It concludes with an overview of the special problems associated with high-rise buildings combined with specific use and occupancy-related requirements, employee training and response.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 10(1): 33-40 2017

PROVIDING THE FIRE RISK MAP IN FOREST AREA USING A GEOGRAPHICALLY WEIGHTED REGRESSION MODEL WITH GAUSSIN KERNEL AND MODIS IMAGES, A CASE STUDY: GOLESTAN PROVINCE

Abstract. According to the industrialization of cities and the apparent increase in pollutants and greenhouse gases, the importance of forests as the natural lungs of the earth is felt more than ever to clean these pollutants. Annually, a large part of the forests is destroyed due to the lack of timely action during the fire. Knowledge about areas with a high-risk of fire and equipping these areas by constructing access routes and allocating the fire-fighting equipment can help to eliminate the destruction of the forest. In this research, the fire risk of region was forecasted and the risk map of that was provided using MODIS images by applying geographically weighted regression model with Gaussian kernel and ordinary least squares over the effective parameters in forest fire including distance from residential areas, distance from the river, distance from the road, height, slope, aspect, soil type, land use, average temperature, wind speed, and rainfall. After the evaluation, it was found that the geographically weighted regression model with Gaussian kernel forecasted 93.4% of the all fire points properly, however the ordinary least squares method could forecast properly only 66% of the fire points.

Структура изобретений по физико-химическим основам развития и прекращения горения в России (1994–2016 гг.)

Introduction. Russia is the country with the highest risk of fires and severity of their consequences in the world. The development of innovations in fire prevention and liquidation has a great economic importance. The purpose of the research is to analyze the national patents for inventions in physical and chemical basis of combustion development and termination, granted in 1994-2016. Materials and methods of research. The object of study is an electronic patent database of Patents and Trademarks of Russia (Rospatent). The keywords “fire*” truncated with an asterisk (*) and connected with OR operator were used. The patents were divided into groups applying a routine method. The dynamics of the number of patents granted over the years was obtained through the time series analysis, using a second order polynomial trendline. Results and analysis. The polynomial trendline of the number of patents granted in 1994-2016 with low determination coefficient ( R 2 = 0.61) shows their increase. Rospatent registered 3,297 fire safety inventions during the period under review, including 515 inventions in physical and chemical basis of combustion development and termination. They represent 15.6 % of the total number of fire safety inventions. Patents corresponding to class A62 “Rescue service; fire-fighting equipment” of the International Patent Classification, represent 44.3 %. Domestic individuals were patentees of 31.9 % of inventions, foreign applicants - 8.1 %, Emercom of Russia institutions - 2.3 %. There were (22±3) inventions patented annually. The fire extinguishing substances represent 44.8 % of all inventions, flame retardant and heat retardant coatings and compounds for their production - 24.7 %, construction materials with low fire risk - 19.8 %, methods and devices designed to reduce the fire risk of material production process - 6.3 %, determination of fire risk indicators - 1.9 %, development and improvement of methods for combustion termination - 1. 2 %, others - 1.6 %. Conclusion. In 1994-2016, there has been an increase in the number of granted patents for fire safety inventions in physical and chemical basis of combustion development and termination. The inventions analysis allows forecasting further development of physical and chemical basis of combustion development and termination science.

Fire in the OR: “All Hands-on Deck!”

In response to our recent OR fire, our institution initiated a safety review and quality improvement project regarding our emergency preparedness. Several major modifications have been implemented including an all hands-on deck approach to training, increased frequency of simulation exercises with OR safety and fire-fighting equipment, as well as inclusion into our surgical timeout process. Operating room fires are rare but potentially catastrophic with costly loss of resource and possibly life

Data resolution effects on a coupled data driven system for forest fire propagation prediction

Every year, thousands of forest hectares are burned worldwide, causing important consequences on the atmosphere, biodiversity and economy. Proper prediction of the fire evolution allows to manage the fire fighting equipment properly. Therefore, it is crucial to use reliable and fast simulations in order to predict the evolution of the fire. WRF-SFIRE is a wildland fire simulator, which couples a meteorological model called Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) and a forest fire simulator, SFIRE reproducing the interaction between the propagation of the fire and the atmosphere evolution. The mesh resolution used to solve the atmosphere evolution has a deep impact in the prediction of small scale meteorological effects. At the same time, the ability of introducing these small scale meteorological events into the forest fire simulation implies enhancements in the quality of the data that drives the simulation. Therefore, better fire propagation predictions are obtained. However, this improvement can be affected by the instability of the problem to be solved. This paper states an accuracy study changing the mesh resolution when running WRF-SFIRE using as example a real case that took place in Catalonia (northeast of Spain) in 2005.

К вопросу о совершенствовании технологии и техники пенного пожаротушения

The article raises a topical issue - the improvement of mobile fire-fighting equipment to extinguish fires on oil and oil products storage and processing facilities. During the analysis of fire at these facilities over five years it’s founded that the annual number of fires remains high. Despite the advances in science and technology, fire safety, oil and petroleum products storage facilities are the most dangerous and difficult to extinguish. To extinguish fires at these objects foam tenders are used, besides water tenders and pumpers, application of which is the most important while putting out large tanks. With greater importance in ensuring the security of storage facilities and processing of oil and oil products, foam extinguishing vehicles for many years remain substantially unchanged in its basic performance characteristics. In addition, the analysis of blowing agents in the Russian market led to the conclusion that the blowing agent market is now fairly saturated, and Russian producers without compromising the safety of objects can fully replace imported manufacturers. Most of the fires on oil and petroleum products storage facilities is extinguished using a mobile fire-fighting equipment and fire extinguishing agent is the main air-mechanical foam of low and medium ratio and there is a need to consider to create an innovative car foam extinguishing. The design of such a vehicle comprises feeding the fire to extinguish not only mechanical foam, and the foam structured silica particles. At the same time, the car is characterized by high permeability, increased supply of the pumping unit, the increased supply of extinguishing agent with the creation of three-time stock frother. The creation of such a vehicle would enhance the effectiveness of action fire departments to extinguish fires by improving the functionality and performance characteristics of the foam extinguishing vehicle that will also improve the fire safety of the objects under consideration.

Assessment of Economic Life of Firefighting and Rescue Appliances Based on Chassis Renault Midlum in the Zlin Region

This paper is focused on the evaluation of economic data obtained from operational records of fire-fighting equipment with a focus on Firefighting and Rescue Appliance type of vehicles, especially on exit vehicles based on the chassis Renault Midlum, during the period 2006 - 2013. These vehicles were operated by professional units of the Fire and Rescue Service of the Zlin Region. The paper's aim is to specify the optimum lifetime of the fire-fighting vehicles by the marginal analysis of fire-fighting vehicles' economical operation. Theoretic calculations of the optimum lifetime have been processed with implementing both the method of exponential trends, and Brown method. The residual value of vehicles has been calculated both according to the current Czech tax law, and to the Expert Standard Valuation of motor vehicles in force in the Czech Republic.

История развития технических средств борьбы с пожарами, приспособленных для работы в условиях низких температур

In the article the analysis of the climatic zones of the Russian Federation is performed. The analysis showed that the areas with cold climates having factors having a negative impact on technical means of fire extinguishing are identified. It all started from extinguishing tube with a furnace, which is also mounted on horse-drawn wagons. However, over the last century it was intensive development of technical means of fire fighting. The advent of the internal combustion engine contributed to the mechanization of fire fighting equipment. First of all, with horse traction the water pumps moved to the car chassis, which allowed to improve pump-hose system. There is a need of protection from the negative impact of more items of pump-hose systems. Initially, for fire vehicles to ensure the thermal stability of individual elements of a pump-hose system it’s used the energy of the exhaust gases of the engine. Analyzing all technical solutions, it can be noted that they protect from low temperatures only the individual elements of a fire truck. A comprehensive solution for security of fire equipment from the negative effects of low air temperatures to 2010 was not available. Using nearly 200 years experience in the use of technical means to extinguish fires in conditions of low temperatures, State Fire Academy of Emercom of Russia in 2010 formed and proposed the concept of creation North of the fire truck. In 2011, scientists of the State Fire Academy of Emercom of Russia jointly with the engineering staff of JSC “Vargashinsky factory fire and special equipment”, with the participation of the Yakut branch of RAS designed and developed fire-rescue vehicle in a climatic design CL PSA-S-6,0-40(6339). Thus, it is possible to say that technical means of fire control, adapted for operation in low temperatures, have a history stretching over 200 years. During the period, the development of technologies for firefighting, there are solved particular problems of protection of individual elements of mobile fire fighting equipment, and the complex task of creating a fire rescue vehicle in North version.

DEVELOPMENT OF FINANCIAL AND MATERIEL MECHANISM TO PROVIDE THE ACTIVITIES FOR EMERGENCY RESPONSE

The problematic issues having impact on the development of financial and materiel mechanism to provide the activities for emergency response are analyzed in the article. The financial sources for emergency response are systematized. The financing scheme for emergency prevention and response at facilities of all forms of ownership is offered. The item of expenditure “The purchasing of fire-fighting equipment and other special equipment of domestic production” of the State budgets 2013 – 2016 has been analyzed. It is concluded that the amount of funding for logistics support of the SES of Ukraine is increasing year after year and it is a positive factor, but taking into account rather high level of inflation during the recent years in Ukraine and obsolete equipment, such financing is insufficient and very low. It is determined that apart from purchasing the fire-fighting equipment and other special equipment the subdivisions of the SES of Ukraine need many other means of materiel support for performance of qualitative rescue operations, which are poorly financed or not financed at all. The basic principles of financial and materiel provision of activities for emergency recovery are offered.

Comprehensive plan for assessing and improving safety level of commercial centers towards the prevention of social and economical consequences of accidents

Commercial centers are considered very important areas. Considering the huge volume of manpower and economic value of goods in these centers, this domain will assume higher importance. Possible accidents, such as fires in commercial centers can be occasion human, social, and economic catastrophic consequences. This study was an attempt to assess the safety level of Tehran’s commercial centers and provide control measures to prevent possible accidents. To this end, the current state of Tehran’s commercial is analyzed and available resources are identified. Then, safety indexes are extracted, some checklists are prepared, and the resources are accordingly assessed. For this purpose, the number of 48 commercial centers was selected. The results obtained from the assessment of resources indicate that the greatest gap belongs to the protection system against fire and buildings, respectively. This study proposes five alternatives for improving the safety of commercial centers, as follows: (a) implementing audit and evaluation system, (b) establishing reliability management system for fire fighting equipment, (c) monitoring and analyzing accidents and preparing GIS maps, (d) implementing 5S system in workplace and (e) establishing a reliability management system for safety trainings. Based on the results of this study, managers and other decision-makers in the area of urban planning and commercial centers can identify weak points in the system, improve their safety level, and, thereby, be effective in reducing the social and economic consequences of accidents.

Информационно-статистический анализ особенностей развития мобильных средств по-рошкового пожаротушения

Mobile dry chemical fire extinguishing equipment (MDСFE) (dry powder fire trucks, combined fire engines, containers and trailers with dry chemical extinguishing devices) are most effective in extin¬guishing fires at hazardous production facilities of various industries. However, they are used very rarely only once in 8-10 years, and in some cases - never for the life cycle. Consequently, the rare use of MDСFE (considering their significant initial cost, about 9 million of Rubles per unit) creates a negative economic impact, and calls for the adoption of organizational and technical measures for its significant reduction. We assessed the prospects of development of MDСFE in three main ways that determine the ap-pearance of any construction:  relevance in the total number of mobile fire extinguishing equipment;  the main characteristics of technological equipment;  the ability to impart properties of multifunctionality. Comparison of the data about Russian and foreign fire technics manufacturers production showed that:  Russian fire-fighting system needs 2.6 % to other types of fire equipment MDСFE;  share of MDСFE models produced in Russia, almost 3 times lower than abroad (7.3 % vs. 18.8 %), that can be explained by their uneconomical production, they are applied very rarely, in compa¬rison with water and foam fire trucks and finaly because of low need for them. It was found that diversity of the stock of foaming agent and dry chemical powder at foreign combined fire engines is an average in 3 times greater than at Russian. The advisability of impart to MDСFE properties of multifunctionality has long been known. There is the idea of a fire engine, adaptable to the specific needs of fire departments. Currently, existing fire extinguishing installations on fire vehicles do not provide the necessary variability of fire extinguishing agents (FEA) filling. In this regard, we developed and tested (with positive results) at the St. Petersburg University Emercom of Russia laboratory model of the universal fire suppression system that meets modern require-ments. Installation configuration allows to mount it on a car and truck chassis, on trailer and in container. The design of vessels and the mechanism of displacement of the installation allow the use of a wide range of FEA and give them to the extinguishing in the required proportions. In addition, it can provide compressed air foam, expanding fire extinguishing capabilities. These results allow us to state (contrary to the skeptics views) that mobile fire extinguishing equip-ment with universal fire-fighting installations are the future of fire fighting. They can be easily reconfigured on the application of any FEA (by number and types) directly at the fire station under the specific tactical tasks depending on the characteristics of protected objects. There are scientific and technological solutions and manufacturing capabilities to create a mobile fire-fighting equipment with the required properties in Russia!

용적형 펌프를 추가한 소방자동차용 소방펌프의 성능 인정기준에 관한 연구

본 연구는 2012년도에 제정된 원심펌프 기준에 바탕을 둔 소방자동차용 소방펌프의 성능 인정 기준에 각종 초고층 건물의 화재 및 대형화재에 대비하기 위한 고압 및 대용량의 방수 능력을 가진 용적형 펌프의 인정기준 추가에 관한 내용이다. 용적형 펌프의 실험을 바탕으로 V-1, 2, 3급의 3가지에 대한 성능에 대하여 인정기준을 제정하였으며 펌프의 효율은 원심펌프형과 동일한 65% 이상의 성능을 요구하는 인정기준이 포함 되었다. 방수압력은 1.5 MPa~2.5MPa 사이의 값을 유량은 최소 <TEX>$0.31m^3/min$</TEX>에서 최대 <TEX>$3.0m^3/min$</TEX>의 방수량의 성능을 요구하는 것으로 제정되었다. 또한, 구조적으로 체절압력을 조절해야하는 용적형 펌프 특성상 릴리이프 밸브에 대한 부분이 추가되었으며 이물질로 인한 펌프 내부의 파손을 방지하기 위한 스트레이너 설치 및 진공펌프 없이 작동하는 용적형 펌프와 원심펌프와의 차이점을 포함하고 있다. 이와같은 용적형 펌프의 인정기준 부분 추가로 인하여 초고층 빌딩 및 대형화재에서의 화재진압에 있어서 보다 다양한 화재 진압용 소방 장비의 선택과 능동적인 대응을 할 수 있을 것으로 기대되며, 이와같은 인정기준은 2016년 1월 제정되었다. Positive displacement pumps with high pressure and water capacity are used large fires in various high-rise buildings. This study provides information for a performance approval standard of fire pumps for fire trucks based on centrifugal pump standards enacted in 2012. An experiment was conducted with a positive displacement pump for three levels of performance from the approval standard (V-1, 2, and 3). The efficiency of the pump was included in the reference, which requires the approval of 65% performance, the same as a centrifugal pump. The water pressure is between 1.5 and 2.5 MPa, and the required flow rate was established as at least <TEX>$0.31m^3/min$</TEX> and up to <TEX>$3.0m^3/min$</TEX>. A relief valve was added to adjust the shut-off pressure due to the structural characteristics of the positive displacement pump. A strainer was also installed to prevent damage to the inside of the pump due to foreign matter. However, the strainer includes a difference from the positive displacement pump to operate without a vacuum pump and the centrifugal pump. This is due to the additional approval standard portion of the positive displacement pump, which is expected to be selected for more variety of fire-fighting equipment and proactive responses to fire suppression in a high-rise buildings and large fires. In conclusion, this approval standard was enacted in January 2016.