Fingerprint Profiles Research Articles

Proteomic Analysis Reveals Distinct Protein Corona Compositions of Citrate- and Riboflavin-Coated SPIONs.

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are recognized as one of the most beneficial tools for biomedicine, especially in theranostic applications. Even though SPIONs have excellent properties regarding their biocompatibility and unique magnetic properties, they lack stability in biological fluids. To stabilize and increase the specificity of the SPIONs to target desirable cells or tissues, several surface coatings have been introduced. These surface coatings can lead to different preferences of serum protein bindings, which ultimately determine their behaviors in vitro and in vivo. Thus, understanding the interaction of SPIONs with biological systems is important for their biocompatible design and clinical applications. In this study, using proteomic analyses, we analyzed the protein corona fingerprints on SPIONs with two different coatings, including citrate and riboflavin, that have been widely used as surface coatings and ligands for enhancing cellular uptake in breast cancer cells. Though both citrate-coated SPIONs (C-SPIONs) and riboflavin-coated SPIONs (Rf-SPIONs) showed similar sizes and zeta potentials, we found that Rf-SPIONs adsorbed more serum proteins than bare SPIONs (B-SPIONs) or C-SPIONs, which was likely due to the higher hydrophobicity of the riboflavin. The enriched proteins consisted mainly of immune-responsive and blood coagulation proteins with different fingerprint profiles. Cellular uptake studies in MCF-7 breast cancer cells comparing the activities of preformed and in situ coronas showed different uptake behaviors, suggesting the role of protein corona formation in promoting the interaction between the SPIONs and the cells. The results obtained here provide the essential information for further development of the potential strategy to reduce or stimulate immune response in vivo to increase therapeutic applications of both C-SPIONs and Rf-SPIONs.

Volatile Fingerprinting and Sensory Profiles of Coffee Cascara Teas Produced in Latin American Countries.

Coffee is one of the most produced and consumed food products worldwide. Its production generates a large amount of byproducts with bioactive potential, like the fruit skin and pulp, popularly called cascara. This study aimed to evaluate the volatile and sensory profiles and the consumption potential of commercial Coffea arabica cascara teas by Rio de Janeiro consumers. Analyses of volatile organic compounds in unfermented (n = 2) and fermented (n = 4) cascara tea infusions were performed by GC-MS. RATA and acceptance sensory tests were performed with untrained assessors (n = 100). Fifty-three volatile organic compounds distributed in 9 classes were identified in different samples. Aldehydes, acids, alcohols, esters, and ketones prevailed in order of abundance. With mild intensity, the most cited aroma and flavor attributes were sweet, herbal, woody, prune, fruity, honey, toasted maté and black tea for unfermented teas. For the fermented teas, sweet, woody, black tea, prune, herbal, citric, fruity, honey, raisin, peach, toasted maté, tamarind, and hibiscus were rated as intense. A good association between the attributes selected by the assessors and the volatile compounds was observed. Unfermented teas, with a mild flavor and traditional characteristics, showed better mean acceptance (6.0–5.9 points) when compared to fermented teas (6.0–5.3 points), with exotic and complex attributes. These were well accepted (>8.0 points) by only about 20% of the assessors, a niche of consumers that appreciate gourmet foods.

Component analysis using UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-HRMS and quality control of Kudingcha (Ligustrum robustum (Roxb.) Blume)

Although Kudingcha (Ligustrum robustum (Roxb.) Blume) has been widely used as both traditional medicine and food, systematic studies on their basic active components and quality control are lacking. In this study, a rapid method of identifying the general chemical components of Ligustrum robustum (Roxb.) Blume was established for the first time using UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-HRMS, and its major basic components were specified as phenylpropanoid, monoterpene, and flavonoid glycosides. The characteristic cleavage pathways of the phenylpropanoid, monoterpene, and flavonoid glycosides were further investigated and elaborated, which could assist in identifying the structures of similar components of other Chinese herbal medicines. A breakthrough was achieved in establishing a chemical fingerprinting profile of Ligustrum robustum (Roxb.) Blume from its original growing areas in China, and chemometric measures were applied to investigate the causes for the variations in its quality stability. The results indicated significant differences in the characteristic compositions of phenylpropanoid and monoterpene glycosides between mature and young leaves of Ligustrum robustum (Roxb.) Blume; however, no significant variation was observed owing to different production areas. Graded harvesting criteria should be established, and harvest period should be specified according to the target active components while considering agricultural metrics, such as leaf shape index, leaf length, and leaf width, to ensure the consistency in quality of active components during their production. From the perspective of overall quality control, an unprecedented quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker was set up to analyze the signature components of phenylpropanoid glycosides (acteoside, isoacteoside, ligurobustoside N, and ligupurpuroside B) to increase the analytical efficiency and reduce research costs. This study created a scientific basis for the standardized operation, elucidation of the pharmacological materials, and quality control of food and supplements production with Ligustrum robustum (Roxb.) Blume as a raw material.

Bioactive composition and TLC profile data on PAX herbal health tea and PAX herbal diatea

Background: The phytoconstituents of herbal drugs are largely influenced by the quality control system used during and post-production processes including the handling of such products. Thin Layer Chromatography is one of such quality control parameters that demonstrate uniqueness and uniformity between various substances, serving as an identity for such substances. Pax Herbal Health tea (PHT) and Pax Herbal Diatea (PDT) are polyherbal drugs, PHT is used as a tonic for general wellness, while, PDT is used in the management and treatment of diabetes. This study evaluated the different phytoconstituents present and developed Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) fingerprint profiles for PHT and PDT to serve as quality control checks during the production for consistency and market uniqueness after production.Material and Methods: Qualitative phytochemical and chromatographic analyses were carried out using standard methods.Results: The phyto-screening revealed the presence of Alkaloid, Flavonoid, Tanin, Terpenoids, Reducing sugar, Steroid, and Cardiac glycoside in PHT while, Saponin, Tanin, Steroids, Reducing sugar, Flavonoid, and Terpenoids were observed in PDT. The TLC finger-print chromatograms of PHT after development with n-Hexane:Ethyl acetate (3:2) showed four distinct components under ultraviolet light at 365 nm, and three spots when sprayed with 20% methanolic sulphuric under visible light, while, PDT developed in n-Hexane:ethyl acetate:methanol (2.5:2:0.5) revealed three fluorescent components at 365 nm and four components after sulphuric acid treatment.Conclusion: From this present study, identity cards have been designed for PHT and PDT through bioactive composition and TLC profiles which can be used in accessing the quality and consistency of the herbal drugs. Â

EXAMINING THE ROLE AND IMPACT OF FORENSIC SCIENCE EVIDENCES FOR THE INVESTIGATIVE-SOLUTION OF CRIMES

It is noticed that, forensic science includes the use of physical and natural sciences for the investigation of civil and criminal cases. This is used for various purposes such as inspecting criminal crimes such as rape, murder, honour killing, frauds and drug tracking and civil cases as wilfully destructing the natural environment. This includes using modern science and technologies such as DNA testing, micro-observations, fingerprint profiling, and Narco-test so that the reality related to crime and suspect are identified properly. The study knows that as per Indian Evidence Act (IEA) 1872, evidences and proofs have been classified into various parts such as Primary Evidence, Oral Evidence, Documentary Evidence, Video Evidence, Audio Evidence, Secondary evidence, and Judicial Evidence that play a crucial role in the investigation process. Present research study found that forensic investigations and methods are highly needful as it tracks the implications of the illegitimate substances and recognizes the residues by reconstructing the crime incidence again. It is noticed that, Forensic investigations and methods also help in identifying the criminal and collecting information about the reasons of crime.

Bioactive composition and TLC profile data on Pax Herbal Malatreat Tea

The biological/pharmacological activities of any herbal drug are determined by the bioactive components contained in the plant(s) used in its formulation, these substances are greatly affected by the quality control system adopted during and after production processes and handling of such product. Thin Layer Chromatography is one of such quality control parameters that demonstrate uniqueness and uniformity between various substances, thus serving as an identity for such products. Pax Herbal Malatreat tea is a polyherbal drug used in the management and treatment of malaria symptoms. This study evaluated the different phytoconstituents present and developed fingerprint profiles (TLC) for the drug (Pax Herbal Malatreat Tea) to serve as a quality control check during the production consistency and market uniqueness. Qualitative phytochemical and chromatographic analyses were carried out using standard methods. The qualitative test revealed the presence of Tannin, Flavonoid, Saponin, Steroids, Reducing sugar, and Terpenoids, and the finger-print chromatograms after development with chloroform-ethyl acetate (9.5:05) showed five distinct components at 365 nm and four spots when sprayed with 20% methanolic sulphuric acid and viewed under visible light. From this present report, an identity card has been developed for the drug (Pax Herbal Malatreat Tea) via bioactive composition and TLC profiles which can be used in accessing the quality and consistency of the product.

Quality assessment of liquorice combined with quantum fingerprint profiles and electrochemical activity

Liquorice, as a nutritional plant with a long histroy, is used in food and medical fields. In this study, we explored the quality consistent of liquorice from different locations by using multiple fingerprint profiles, including High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). In addition, the average method of systematic quantified fingerprint method (AMSQFM) was presented to combine the chemical information of chromatography and spectral fingerprint. Macro qualitative similarity (Sm) and macro quantitative similarity (Pm) were used to assess the quality of 55 samples in terms of both qualitative and quantitative aspects. As a result, all the samples were well differentiated and classified into 6 grades. Additionally, partial least squares (PLS) model was used to evaluate the feasibility of quantizing glycyrrhizic acid (GLA) and liquiritin (LQT) by FT-IR spectral quantized fingerprint. The explanatory ability (R2Y) and prediction ability (Q2) of model were all greater than 0.9 and 0.5 respectively, the root mean square error of estimation (RMSEE) and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) were both less than 2.0. In the end, two characteristic parameters of electrochemistry (EC), oscillation life (tosc) and maximum amplitude (ΔEmax), were used to predict the reducibility of liquorice. Models were accurate and had good predictive abilities with the appropriate parameters, five active components in liquorice all exhibited certain reducing ability. In conclusion, this study provides a new idea for evaluating the quality and reduction ability of liquorice.

Spectrum-effect relationship between HPLC fingerprint and antioxidant of “San-Bai Decoction” extracts

“San-Bai Decoction” (SBD) has been a traditional Chinese medicine compound preparation for replenishing Qi and promoting blood circulation, whitening skin, and removing blemishes since ancient times. However, its chemical composition and antioxidant activity are not clear thus far, which limits the in-depth study on its pharmacodynamic material basis and efficacy. The objective of this study was to establish the fingerprint profile of SBD, assess its antioxidant activity by measuring 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging ability, and find the spectrum-effect relationship of SBD by Grey Relation Analysis (GRA) and Partial Least Squares Regression (PLS). In this study, the fingerprint of SBD was established by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and 20 common peaks were found, among which 6 peaks were designated. The similarities between the fingerprints of 12 batches of SBD and the reference fingerprint (R) were all greater than 0.900. Meanwhile, the antioxidant activities of all batches were concentration-dependent in their linear regression equation. The result of GRA showed that the correlation order of 20 common peaks for DPPH radical scavenging was X13 > X7 > X3 > X6 > X10 > X11 > X4 > X12 > X2 > X18 > X9 > X5 > X19 > X1 > X20 > X16 > X17 > X15 > X8 > X14. At the same time, PLS study demonstrated that the contribution of six identified characteristic peaks to DPPH radical scavenging ability was X1 = X7 > X6 > X19 > X20 > X16. In this study, the spectrum-effect relationship of SBD between its HPLC fingerprint and the antioxidant activity can be used to screen the pharmacodynamic substance basis of its antioxidant action and lay the foundation for establishing quality standards and product development.

Profil Fingerprinting Populasi Etnis Sumba Barat Daya pada Mahasiswa IKIP Budi Utomo

Fingerprints as evidence of very important material are believed to have unique and distinctive properties in the sense that no two individuals have the exact same fingerprint pattern, even identical twins have different fingerprint patterns. A person's fingerprint will not change for a lifetime. The objectives to be achieved in this study are to identify and identify the dominant fingerprint pattern in the ethnic population of Southwest Sumba, the students of IKIP Budi Utomo Malang.This type of research is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach to identify the fingerprinting profile of the ethnic population of Southwest Sumba, the students of IKIP Budi Utomo Malang. The fingerprint samples taken will be analyzed at the IKIP Budi Utomo Malang campus. The identification results in the fingerprinting profile study of the Southwest Sumba ethnic population, the students of IKIP Budi Utomo Malang showed that the dominant general pattern was the Loop pattern with a percentage of 55.0% or 385 fingers, the second dominant pattern was the whorl pattern with a percentage of 42.29% or 229 fingers. While the first dominant sub-unit pattern is the Ulnar Loop pattern with a percentage of 52.71% or 369 fingers and the second dominant pattern is the Plain Whorl pattern with a percentage of 32.71% or 229 fingers.

Antimicrobial activity and Quality Control Parameters of Talicati Vatakam - A Classical Siddha Drug

Tāḷicāti vaṭakam (TSV), a polyherbal siddha drug was chosen, it was screened for antimicrobial study and also subjected to standardization parameters. The ingredients were procured, authenticated and prepared the drug as per standard operating procedure. The ethanolic extract of TSV was screened for nine bacteria and two fungi. Then the drug was investigated for the phytochemical profile, physicochemical parameters, thin layer chromatographic photo documentation (TLC), high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) finger print profile. Antimicrobial assay revealed inhibitory activity against all test pathogens. TLC under UV showed 8 bands at short wavelength, 13 bands at long wavelength; 8 bands showed post derivatization with vanillin Sulphuric acid reagent. The present investigation concluded that the siddha herbal preparation of TSV have great potential on antimicrobial against pathogens. This siddha formulation can be used to prevent the bacterial and fungal infections and the standards could be used for quality control of the drug.

Bioactive-Chemical Quality Markers Revealed: An Integrated Strategy for Quality Control of Chicory.

As a miraculous Xinjiang Uyghur customary traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Chicory (Cichorium glandulosum Boiss.et Huet and Cichorium intybus L.) has been found to have therapeutic potential for metabolic diseases in recent years. Although it is widely used as an ethnic medicine, there is still a lack of targeted quality control indicators in quality standards. Hence, this study was conducted to further develop a strategy to reveal bioactive-chemical quality markers based on the existing foundation. First, through the comparative screening of fingerprint profiles of a large amount of Cichorium glandulosum Boiss.et Huet and Cichorium intybus L., superiority components were found to be potential indicators of chemical quantitative properties for the roots and above-ground parts. The results of content determination showed that their contents differed among different species and parts. Second, the potential dominant components were further confirmed using network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques. Again, the results of RAW264.7 cells and L02 cells experiments showed that chicory acid and lactucin were the main components that could reflect the anti-inflammatory and uric acid-lowering potential of chicory. Finally, under this strategy, this study reveals that cichoric acid and lactucin have the properties of quality markers and quality control of chicory. In a word, this work contributes to the quality control, standard improvement, and rational clinical use of chicory.

Chemical Fingerprinting Profile and Targeted Quantitative Analysis of Phenolic Compounds from Rooibos Tea (Aspalathus linearis) and Dietary Supplements Using UHPLC-PDA-MS

Aspalathus linearis (Burm.f.) R. Dahlgren, commonly known as rooibos tea, was consumed traditionally by the indigenous South African inhabitants as an herbal remedy. Beside antioxidant properties, it displays antiallergic, antispasmodic, and hypoglycemic activities. An ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography method coupled with photodiode array and mass spectrometry detectors were developed for the determination of 14 phenolic constituents from leaves and stems of A. linearis. The efficient separation was performed within 30 min at a temperature of 30 °C by using C-18 column as the stationary phase and water/acetonitrile with 0.05% formic acid as the mobile phase. Method validation for linearity, repeatability, limits of detection, and limits of quantification was achieved. The limits of detection from 0.2–1 μg/mL were reported for the standard compounds. Their total content varied substantially (1.50–9.85 mg/100 mg sample) in 21 dietary supplements. The presence of regioisomers and diastereomers which co-elute on a variety of stationary phases make separation for quantification purposes challenging. This method was found to be efficient in providing low retention times and excellent resolution for this type of phytochemicals. The established method is suitable for chemical fingerprint analysis of A. linearis and cost-effective for quality control of rooibos tea products.

Simultaneous screening, identification, quantitation, and activity evaluation of six acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors in Coptidis Rhizoma by online UPLC-DAD coupled with AChE biochemical detection

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition is a common treatment in the early stages of dementia and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Coptidis Rhizoma (CR), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), contains numerous isoquinoline alkaloids that substantially inhibit AChE played neuroprotective effects in the treatment of cognitive diseases. We established a method using an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector coupled with AChE biochemical detection (UPLC-DAD-AChEBCD) to screen and identify AChE inhibitors (AChEIs), measure AChEIs content and activity, and evaluate the quality of CR derived from different plant species and growth year. The chromatographic fingerprint and AChEIs activity profiles of CR were simultaneously obtained by UPLC-DAD-AChEBCD, and six alkaloids including groenlandicine, coptisine, epiberberine, jatrorrhizine, berberine, and palmatine, were identified by UPLC-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Data analysis based on AChEIs content and total activity of 12 batches of CR indicated differences among different species and growth year. Therefore, the online method could be used to rapidly identify AChEIs in complex matrixes and screen potential agents for neurodegenerative prevention and treatment, as well as provide information for the identification and quantitation of active markers directly associated with herbal medicine quality.

Development of Synergy-Based Combination of Methanolic Extract of Andrographis paniculata and Berberis aristata Against E. coli and S. aureus.

This study evaluates the antibacterial activity and phytochemical characterizations of Andrographis paniculata extract (APE) and Berberis aristata extract (BAE). The stem of Andrographis paniculata (AP) and root of Berberis aristata (BA) were extracted with methanol. The results confirmed that APE and BAE possess high phenolic and flavonoid content. The antioxidant activity of the APE and BAE showed an elevated potential to scavenge DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radicals with IC50 of 95.03μg/mL and 256.26μg/mL, respectively. A total of 35 and 32 metabolites in APE and BAE, respectively, were identified through mass spectrometry analysis, whereas 17 and 12 metabolites in APE and BAE, respectively, were detected through high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprinting profiling. Antibacterial activity of the extracts was performed by the well diffusion and microdilution method, and the findings showed that APE and BAE had antibacterial activities against E. coli and S. aureus. The growth curve and time-kill study showed that the extracts had a bacteriostatic effect. A combination study with the standard drug was carried out using the microdilution checkerboard method in which most of the combinations showed synergistic interactions. The findings of this study have shown that APE and BAE are good sources of antibacterial compounds and can be used for treating infectious diseases caused by E. coli and S. aureus.

Phytochemical studies and HPTLC fingerprint profiling of different extracts of Portulaca Quadrifida L.

The present study was designed to detect the class of compound by phytochemical evaluation and perform the high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprint analysis of hexane extract of P. quadrifida (HEPQ), chloroform extract of P. quadrifida (CEPQ), ethyl acetate extract of P. quadrifida (EAEPQ) and ethanol extract of P. quadrifida (EEPQ). The successive extraction based on eluotropic solvent system was utilised for extraction. The preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out for all the extract. For the HPTLC fingerprint profiling the precoated Merck silica plates were used as stationary phase while, mobile phase utilised was Toluene: Chloroform: Ethanol (5:4:1 v/v/v). The scanning was done at White light, 254 nm and 366 nm. The presence of steroids, coumarins, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, coumarins was found in all 4 extracts, except the terpenoids which were present in HEPQ and EAEPQ. The fingerprinting profile was successfully obtained for all four extracts of P. quadrifida. This profiling data can thus be utilized for quality control of the P. quadrifida both on qualitative and quantitative basis.

Halophilic bacteria as starter cultures: A new strategy to accelerate fermentation and enhance flavor of shrimp paste

Retaining the traditional flavor while shortening the fermentation cycle is the current research focus for shrimp paste fermentation technology. The present study investigated the effect of combined use of halophilic bacteria as starters on the sensory and flavor characteristics of rapidly fermented shrimp paste. Sensory evaluation indicated that the starter-inoculated samples had high texture, appearance, and overall quality scores. Headspace gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry/mass spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS/MS) identified 95 volatile compounds, the fingerprint profiles of the starter-inoculated samples were similar to those of the traditional sample. Notably, the content of benzaldehyde, phenylethylaldehyde, and 3-methylbutyraldehyde increased significantly in the starter-inoculated samples (p < 0.05), which may provide an intense malt, caramel, and pleasant odor. Although the content of certain flavor substances in the starter-inoculated samples was lower than those of traditional sample, the use significantly reduced the fermentation time and mimicked the flavor profile of traditional shrimp paste to some extent.

Exploring Use of the Metschnikowia pulcherrima Clade to Improve Properties of Fruit Wines

Mixed fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and non-Saccharomyces yeasts as starter cultures is well known to improve the complexity of wines and accentuate their characteristics. This study examines the use of controlled mixed fermentations with the Metschnikowia pulcherrima clade, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Tokay, and non-conventional yeasts: Wickerhamomyces anomalus and Dekkera bruxellensis. We investigated the assimilation profiles, enzyme fingerprinting, and metabolic profiles of yeast species, both individually and in mixed systems. The chemical complexity of apple wines was improved using the M. pulcherrima clade as co-starters. M. pulcherrima with S. cerevisiae produced a wine with a lower ethanol content, similar glycerol level, and a higher level of volatilome. However, inoculation with the Dekkera and Wickerhamomyces strains may slightly reduce this effect. The final beneficial effect of co-fermentation with M. pulcherrima may also depend on the type of fruit must.

Molecular characterization of endophytic and ectophytic plant growth promoting bacteria isolated from tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.) grown in different soil types

BackgroundSuccessful rhizosphere colonization by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is of crucial importance to perform the desired plant growth promoting activities. Since rhizocompetence is a dynamic process influenced by surrounding environmental conditions. In the present study, we hypothesized that bacterial isolates obtained from different tomato plant microhabitats (balk soil, rhizosphere, endorhiza, phyllosphere, and endoshoot) grown in different soils (sand, clay, and peat moss) will show different rhizocompetence abilities. ResultsTo evaluate this hypothesis, bacterial isolates were obtained from different plant microhabitats and screened for their phosphate solubilizing and nitrogen fixing activates. BOX-PCR fingerprint profiles showed high genotypic diversity among the tested isolates and that same genotypes were shared between different soils and/or plant microhabitats. 16S rRNA gene sequences of 25 PGP isolates, representing different plant spheres and soil types, were affiliated to eight genera: Enterobacter, Paraburkholderia, Klebsiella, Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Stenotrophomonas, Pseudomonas, and Kosakonia. The rhizocompetence of each isolate was evaluated in the rhizosphere of tomato plants grown on a mixture of the three soils. Different genotypes of the same bacterial species displayed different rhizocompetence potentials. However, isolates obtained from the above-ground parts of the plant showed high rhizocompetence. In addition, biological control-related genes, ituD and srfC, were detected in the obtained spore forming bacterial isolates. ConclusionThis study evaluates, for the first time, the relationship between plant microhabitat and the rhizocompetence ability in tomato rhizosphere. The results indicated that soil type and plant sphere can influence both the genotypic diversity and rhizocompetence ability of the same bacterial species. Bacterial isolates obtained in this study are promising to be used as an environmentally friendly substitution of chemical fertilizers.

HPLC fingerprint profiles of lucidenic acids from Ganoderma lucidum (lingzhi)

AbstractGanoderic acids (GAs) and lucidenic acids (LAs) are the two specific triterpene compositions of Ganoderma lucidum. The HPLC fingerprint profile of GAs has been well‐established, but the reports for LAs were rare. In this study, six new lucidenic acids: H2 (1), H3 (2), I2 (3), I3 (4), K (5), L (6) and nine known compounds: lucidenic acids A (7), B (8), C (9), D2 (10), E2 (11), F (12), N (13), P (14), Q (15), were isolated from a strain of G. lucidum fruiting body (YK‐02). A specific fingerprint of the lucidenic acid type (LA‐type) HPLC spectrum comprised of these triterpenes was revealed for the first time. The HPLC spectra of four strains of G. lucidum were investigated and showed identical profiles with the typical ganoderic acid type (GA‐type, strains YK‐01 and BCRC36065) and lucidenic acid type spectra (strains YK‐02 and BCRC36090). The fingerprint profiles can be used in both species and strain identification of G. lucidum. Quantitation of lucidenic acid A by using HPLC was also validated.

Pharmacognostical Standardization and HPTLC Finger Print of Roots of Jasminum Auriculatum

Objectives: Jasminum auriculatum is a traditional medicinal plant that is valued for its benefits in the management of various diseases and disorders. Owing to its increasing ethnomedicinal relevance proper identification is essential to ameliorate its adulteration. In this view, the present study aimed to provide requisite Pharmacognostic details and HPTLC fingerprint profile for the roots of Jasminum auriculatum. &#x0D; Methodology: The study included the evaluation of morphological and microscopic characters, Physicochemical properties, Fluorescence analysis, Preliminary phytochemical studies, estimation of total flavonoid and phenolic content, and HPTLC fingerprint profiling. &#x0D; Results: The microscopic studies showed the presence of periderm with ovoid cells, thick cortical zone, Secondary phloem, and secondary xylem. The physicochemical studies aided in the assessment of quality control parameters. Fluorescence analysis imparted characteristic colors on the treatment of the root powder with various reagents. Preliminary phytochemical studies reported the presence of flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, and other phenolic compounds. The developed qualitative densitometric HPTLC fingerprint can be used as an identifying biochemical marker for ethanol extract of roots of Jasminum auriculatum. &#x0D; Conclusion: The current study provides the information and serves as a quality control parameter for the proper identification of roots of this medicinal plant thereupon bestowing to the scientific world of research.