Final Provisions Research Articles

Otimização do Modelo de Currículo Mínimo

:The article discusses the structure and necessary components for the development and review of minimum curricula, according to IMA 37-4. The chapters include preliminary provisions, context analysis, definition of bases, curricular content, assessment procedures, and final provisions. The proposal emphasizes the importance of defining objectives, selecting content, and choosing appropriate methodologies to optimize the teaching-learning process and ensure that the curriculum meets the needs of students and the market.

SOME OF THE CONCEPTUAL AND REGULATORY LEGAL PROBLEMS OF SCIENTIFICRESEARCH ACTIVITIES IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

The subject of article was the discussion by the scientific community of the country of the draft Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On Science and Technology Policy" and, in this regard, to try to find a solution to some of the problems existing in research activities. The authors of the article discuss concepts that are an important basis for the form and content of the future law, because the conceptual documents outline in detail the priorities of the development of science in important spheres of life of the Kazakh society, substantiate the demand for the adoption of this law. The authors of the article, for example, see the main problem as the lack of communication between the scientific self-supporting centers of the university and teaching staff, who should be interested in commercializing their scientific product. The characteristics of the state of legal regulation through comparative analysis should show the advantages of foreign law enforcement practice and how to properly use their positive experience for the development of legislation in their own country. The future Law on Science and Technology Policy should radically change approaches and generate trends. Of interest are the problems raised by the author in the field of science and technological development, the preparation of scientific research in higher educational institutions, the transformation of many universities in the country into research universities, the involvement of teaching staff in collective scientific activity in the form of grant research, and of course, the issues of commercialization of Kazakh science. The final provisions of the authors of the study boil down to the fact that the new Law on Science should work only if the vector is changed towards the integration of science and business, where business structures will really help scientists achieve the highest results in the implementation of commercialization projects, by involving university teaching staff in research activities, so that they implement their scientific results in education, in the future they opened new production facilities, in order to organize new jobs, tax revenues to the budget, there must be implement a real "reset" of their system in favor of the "human-centric" component.

Some aspects of formation labor behavior during the period of martial status

Problem setting. Modern political, economic, and social demands of society pose tasks to the state that require urgent solutions and are of urgent importance for all spheres of life. Therefore, a significant number of studies are focused on solving theoretical and practical issues of legal regulation of social relations during the war and in the conditions of martial law on the territory of Ukraine. Solving issues of the possibility and specifics of citizens’ realization of the right to work are of great importance. Since, during the period of martial law, the norms of labor legislation are not applied in the part of relations regulated by the Law of Ukraine “On the Organization of Labor Relations in the Conditions of Martial Law” (hereinafter the Law). According to the Final Provisions, it is valid for the period of martial law in Ukraine, introduced in accordance with the Law of Ukraine “On the Legal Regime of Martial Law”, and becomes invalid from the moment of termination and cancellation of martial law. During the period of martial law, its norms have an overriding force over the norms of the Code of Labor Laws of Ukraine. The provisions of this Law significantly narrow the rights of workers compared to peacetime. Therefore, the relevance of the toolkit of labor law as a regulator of social relations in the field of labor relations and ways of realizing the right to work by citizens under martial law is increasing. Analysis of recent researches and publications. Analysis of recent research and publications. Such scientists as: T. Gerasimov, T. Glynska, V. Lytvynenko, O. Lukyanchikov, D. Novikov, A. Shvets and others were engaged in the study of the theoretical and practical essence of the chosen topic. In addition, the following scientists paid attention to the legal regulation of labor relations under martial law in Ukraine in their works: V. Andriiv, M. Lukashevich, M. Doronina, N. Yesinov, L. Nikolayeva, D. Shvets, and others. Purpose of research is to investigate labor behavior, which is a complex of individual and group actions and deeds that determine the direction and intensity of a person’s performance of their labor function and factors that negatively affect labor behavior. And also consider the legislation of Ukraine, which concerns the regulation of labor relations during the period of martial law and analyze the changes that took place in the field of labor relations after the declaration of martial law in the state and how they affected the labor behavior of the employee. Article’s main body. A special role in solving this issue is played by the principles, methods and ways of motivating work, which act as a leading organizational and economic tool for managing the work behavior of employees. In this regard, solving both theoretical and practical problems of labor behavior management through the use of new socioeconomic methods of labor motivation, which would make it possible to increase the interest of workers to work productively and effectively in various spheres of the economy, becomes important. Modern labor relations increasingly single out the employee’s behavior as an important characteristic of his labor potential, the quality of which depends on the effectiveness of the team’s work and the survival of the enterprise, institution or organization in an unpredictable economic environment. Therefore, the study of labor behavior as a form of employee activity and the determination of the main factors influencing it is quite relevant in this period of time. Conclusions and prospects for the development. Formation of labor behavior of employees is an actual and complex process that requires a systematic approach. According to the results of the research, it was established that the essence of labor motivation is to develop such a system of incentives that would satisfy all the needs of the employee in the best way and would interest him in achieving better results of his activity. This will help increase labor productivity, increase the income and profits of enterprises, as a result of which the material situation of employees will improve, which is the key to successful motivation to work.

The Samoa Agreement and the Cotonou Agreement – Comparative Analysis

The article contains a comparison of two international agreements – the 2023 Samoa Agreement and the 2000 Cotonou Agreement. In addition to examining the evolution of cooperation between the parties to the agreements, the article contains a reflection on whether the intended goals are possible to achieve. The historical overview of previous cooperation between the EU and the OACPS allows to notice that the Agreement fits into the trend of cooperation lasting more than 60 years. Apart from indicating the legal basis of the Agreement, the article contains information about the parties, the period of application and the basic goals. The article concerns the strategic priorities declared in the agreements, which are regulated differently, because the new one in addition to the declarations to protect human rights, also regulates the provisions that result from the emergence of new social phenomena. The migration and mobility provisions are aimed to limit the effects of the current crisis at EU borders. The Agreement expanded and regulated both the issue of migrants' rights as well as the issues of return, readmission and reintegration. The Agreement allows for new forms of cooperation and implementation measures, and declares the parties aim to seeking common actions, positions and votes. The article explained the institutional framework that has been expanded in the new Agreement. The final provisions concern dispute resolution and default. Both procedures assume solving problems within the institutional framework of the Agreement. The last part of the article assesses the global consequences of concluding the Agreement and draws attention to its importance in the relations between the EU, its Members and the OACPS.

Negotiations to implement area-based management tools beyond national jurisdiction: the scientific community’s view

A new international legally-binding instrument, under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Seas (UNCLOS), for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction has recently been agreed on– the BBNJ agreement. Area-based management tools (ABMTs), including marine protected areas (MPAs) have an important role in maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem services in the current context of multiple threats to the ocean and are one of central elements of new instrument. In this work, we assessed the perspective of the scientific community, throughout the period of negotiations, on the potential of the BBNJ treaty to promote the creation of new area-based management tools, including MPAs, and fulfil acknowledged gaps in ocean governance. A systematic literature review was conducted, resulting in 80 publications then analysed in detail. From these, a total of 608 key messages were retrieved and classified into: 1) Strengths (S), Weaknesses (W), Opportunities (O) or Threats (T) for a SWOT analysis and 2) one of six categories that cover crucial aspects for the successful implementation of the ABMTs in areas beyond national jurisdiction. A Sentiment Analysis (SA) to these key messages shows that the instrument has been perceived by the scientific community as an opportunity for conserving and achieving sustainable use of biodiversity. However, the scientific community also feels that agreement needs stronger provisions to ensure effective measures, which is reflected by the small number of identified strengths. An overall decrease in sentiment score over the negotiations period, i.e. a growing pessimism, was also observed, which is supported by an increase of weaknesses and threats identified in the final stages of the negotiations. Our results suggest that despite its potential to promote conservation in areas beyond national jurisdiction, the instrument should include a unified definition of MPA, address fishing activities and clarify conflicting terms in its provisions, such as the term “not undermine”. Further, we show that sentiment analysis is a useful tool to evaluate opinion trends and facilitate the integration of different and subjective perspectives into final provisions of complex social-political-environmental agreements, identifying positive and negative attitudes that can enable better solutions to address existing governance challenges in international waters.

FORMATION OF THE ABILITIES AND SKILLS OF WORKING WITH SCIENTIFIC TEXTS IN THE LANGUAGE TRAINING PROCESS FOR HIGHER EDUCATION STUDENTS IN THE CLASSES OF THE COURSE «UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE (BY PROFESSIONAL DIRECTION)»

The formation of abilities and skills of work with scientific texts in the process of language training for higher education students is an actual problem of modern pedagogy, as bachelor’s mastering of technologies to work with these texts allows to develop the scientific competence of the future specialist. At the classes on the educational discipline «Ukrainian language by professional direction» the main attention is paid to the formation of abilities and skills of higher education graduates to interact freely in the sphere of professional communication, and to create primary and secondary scientific texts on a specialty profile. The purpose of this article is to describe the technology of drawing up the secondary scientific texts (plan, theses, abstract) to form the abilities and skills of higher education graduates in the analytical-synthetic processing of original text. Research methods applied: analysis and synthesis of scientific literature (to clarify the key concepts of the study), systematization (in order to identify existing scientific approaches to solving the problem), theoretical generalization (to formulate the final provisions and conclusions). The article considers the signs of scientific text (integrity; connectivity; consistency; information-format, logical, estimated saturation), which is important in the process of compression of the primary text, i.e. reduction of the volume of written without loss for its content. The compression of scientific text provides maximum reproduction of the content with a smaller number of language means. The article analyzes the peculiarities of the compression stages of secondary scientific texts. The appointment of different types of plan (expanded, interrogative, nominal and quote) is outlined. The types of theses (chosen by the quote author from the first place and handed over by his own words the most important of his provisions) were considered, the difference between the plan and theses was confirmed. Specific features of different types of abstract (informative, indicative, overview) are described. The text creation of these genres in scientific style according to the technology mentioned in the article helps to form the necessary abilities and skills of scientific and research activity in the higher education graduates.

Ethics in Science, Technology and Innovation: Proposed regulation

Within the scope of the responsibility of promoting policies and legislation in the field of Science, Technology and Innovation (CTI) and the materialization of its Action Plan of the Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Technology and Innovation (MESCTI), a proposal for a General Code is presented of Ethics in Science, Technology and Innovation (CGECTI). This proposal arises from the need to fill gaps in the legislation on ethics in science and technology and was created with a view to presenting the general principles of ethics in carrying out Scientific Research and Experimental Development, Technology Transfer and Innovation activities; to promote the monitoring of the application of ethical principles internationally established and applicable to the exercise of scientific research, in accordance with the Constitution of the Republic, International Conventions, National Policy on Science, Technology and Innovation, the Statute of the Career of Scientific Investigators in force and other applicable legislation; and contribute to the scientific affirmation of Angola in the context of nations. Likewise, the aforementioned code proposal should consider principles and elements such as transversality, compatibility, definitions, supervision, honesty, integrity, training and skills and security. The preparation of this code proposal was based on some bibliographic sources produced by UNESCO, OECD, the Republic of Mozambique and Higher Education Institutions. The proposal comprises seven chapters divided by object, scope and purpose; ethical principles; national ethics commission; scientific area ethical council; duties and rights; sanctions; and final provisions. The proposal highlights the creation of a plural national commission, involving sectors of the state, the private sector, academic and scientific institutions, professional associations and civil society, as well as the formation of ethics committees by scientific area. This proposal should be submitted to the actors of the National System of Science, Technology and Innovation for contributions.

GLOBAL CHALLENGES IN THE LIFE SITUATIONS OF UKRAINIAN YOUTH

The formation of modern youth takes place in the period of socio-political transformations, directly impacting the life orientations of young people, their behaviour, social-economic situation. These factors contribute to the spread of risks associated with threats to health and life, uncertainty of life start and self-realization, value and regulatory uncertainty. The purpose of the article: to study approaches to identifying risk factors that impact the youth environment. Research methods applied: analysis and synthesis of scientific literature (to clarify the key concepts of the study), systematization (in order to identify existing scientific approaches to solving the problem), theoretical generalization (to formulate the final provisions and conclusions). If earlier scientific researches were mainly concentrated within the limits of natural-scientific and economic courses, now the allocation of a separate interdisciplinary direction − riskology is actual. The majority of young people experience the problem of life-start, which has a negative impact on the working career of young people, their family life and lifestyle and makes young people financially dependent on their parents. Globalization has had a significant impact on the development of the risk society. In the context of globalization, traditional social ties are being destroyed; young people avoid traditional restrictions, but at the same time lose a sense of reliability, stability, confidence in the future and feel anxious and afraid of the need to choose. Therefore, public policy should take into account all the factors that have a negative impact on the youth environment and help minimize the risks and form «socially healthy» youth.

SOCIAL PREVENTION OF CYBERBULING AMONG STUDENTS

The problem of virtual space violence is very relevant in Ukraine. The state's unstable situation and lack of proper punishment for cyberbullying and its prevention cause an increase in cases of this phenomenon. Cyberbullying is a problem that is rapidly spreading and causing irreparable damage to young people. The purpose of the article is to highlight the problem of cyberbullying and determine the main directions of the social worker’s work on the social prevention of cyberbullying among students. To achieve the goal of the study, a set of methods was used: analysis of social-pedagogical, psychological and pedagogical literature, comparison of scientific sources, which became the basis for determining the degree of scientific development of the problem, systematization in order to determine and clarify the basic concepts of research and existing scientific approaches to solving the specified problem, generalization - to formulate final provisions and conclusions. Theoretical study and empirical research allow us to draw the following conclusions regarding the concept of "cyberbullying" and examine its occurrence, causes, consequences and main directions of social prevention of cyberbullying. Therefore, cyberbullying is a type of bullying, but the specifics are the use of electronic communications. Cyberbullying can occur in various forms. Therefore, it can be classified into eight types, namely, disputes, or fleming, assaults, and constant debilitating attacks, slander and restatement, impostor (impersonation of oneself into another person), erase confidential information and spread it, alienate, cyber-harassment, and hepisleping. Preventive work is carried out in two directions. The first area is associated with the development of technical means that restrict unwanted content (filters, censorship), which provides social networks and websites "complain" buttons, as well as setting up the privacy of personal accounts. This area includes the creation of a system of rapid response of content providers and services, law enforcement agencies, communication operators for illegal activities and the Internet. The second area of cyberbullying prevention involves teaching Internet users the basic rules of security and correct behavior towards other community users. On the basis of theoretical study and empirical research, the main directions of social prevention of cyberbullying were revealed and the project "Social prevention of cyberbullying among young people in the Internet space" was developed

THE GOAL-RESULT COMPONENT OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING SYSTEM FOR FUTURE SOCIAL PEDAGOGUES AND SOCIAL WORKERS TO WORK WITH VULNERABLE CATEGORIES OF POPULATION

Based on a systematic approach, the article reveals one of the components of the system of professional training of social educators and social workers to work with vulnerable groups. The components of this system also include whole-effective, theoretical-methodological, subject-subject, environmental, content, technological components. The purpose of the article is to provide a meaningful description of the purposeful component of the system of professional training of future social educators and social workers to work with vulnerable groups. Research methods: analysis and synthesis of scientific literature, generalization, classification (to clarify key research concepts), systematization, grouping (to conceptualize the main provisions of the study), theoretical generalization (to formulate the final provisions and conclusions). The results of the study were that the goal-effective component determines the goal − the formation of professional readiness of future social educators and social workers to work with vulnerable groups, which is a system-forming factor, implemented at three levels (mega-, macro-, micro-) and finds its embodiment in a concrete result − the professional readiness of future social educators and social workers to work with vulnerable groups. The development and characterization of the goal-effective component of the system of professional training of social pedagogues and social workers to work with vulnerable groups, to which we refer the goal, objectives, results, will be the basis and benchmark for characterizing other components of the system. We see prospects for further research in the disclosure of the content of all components of the system of professional training of future social pedagogues and social workers to work with vulnerable groups.

SUBJECT-SPECIFIC CRITERIA FOR DETERMINING OF GIFTEDNESS IN THE BRITISH EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

Early detection, education and upbringing of gifted children is one of the main tasks of improving the education system. It is important that individuals endowed with a special gift have the opportunity to discover and use it for self-affirmation, the right choice of profession. The purpose of the article is to consider the content of subject-specific criteria for the classification of gifted persons in the British educational environment. Research methods: analysis and synthesis of scientific literature (to clarify key concepts of research), systematization (in order to identify existing scientific approaches to solving the problem), theoretical generalization (to formulate the final provisions and conclusions). The study found that British researchers are proposing to identify gifted students according to subject-specific criteria, which allows them to identify those students who may be exceptional in one or more school subjects. For each area, a set of predictable behaviors is offered, the demonstration of which can help identify giftedness and talent. British researchers recommend using any list of characteristics in the classification of gifted people as a starting point for thinking about giftedness and talent, rather than as a diagnostic tool. Clear, objective and useful criteria are needed to identify the most capable learners and meet their needs. The choice of criteria for assessing and / or identifying giftedness is case-specific. Criteria may vary depending on the age and / or talents being evaluated and need to be supported by a body of evidence. Ultimately, decisions about which students should be considered gifted and talented are the responsibility of teachers and schools.

Environmental and food security as components of ensuring the economic security of Ukraine in a strategic format

The article reveals the evolution of environmental and food security in Ukraine’s national security strategies during the years of independence. It is determined that at the state level a number of issues related to the creation of the most effective system of environmental and food security of the state within the existing at different stages of statehood National Security Strategies of Ukraine, both at the legislative level and in the functioning of relevant competent government agencies.
 The content of ensuring the ecological and food security of the state in four national security strategies of Ukraine is revealed. It is determined that the issue of environmental and food security of the state needs a clear definition of the state in strategic priorities and goals that should meet current trends in the national economy and world realities in this area.
 Threats to national security in the field of environmental and food security have been studied.
 It was emphasized that in accordance with the Final Provisions of the National Security Strategy of Ukraine 2020 on the development of planning documents in the field of national security and defense, which will determine ways and tools for its implementation, clearly regulates the adoption and approval of the President food security.
 The Strategy of Environmental Safety and Adaptation to Climate Change until 2030, adopted by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine on October 20, 2021 in order to increase the level of environmental safety, reduce the impacts and consequences of climate change in Ukraine, is analyzed. The implementation of the Strategy is aimed at fulfilling Ukraine’s international obligations under the Paris Climate Agreement to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to the effects of global climate change. The main environmental threats to Ukraine in this Strategy are: a significant level of air pollution, water and land resources, imperfect system of state supervision (control) and monitoring of the environment.
 The draft order of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine “On approval of the Food Security Strategy for the period up to 2030”, which will be aimed at defining priorities in the field of food security as a component of national security, the importance of preventing hunger and malnutrition of the most vulnerable. It will include: the establishment of a system of national and regional food security monitoring to detect and prevent food threats; development and implementation of an action plan to provide the population with food in emergency situations; measures for the development of sustainable agricultural production; diversification of production; creation of sustainable production and marketing systems.
 It is emphasized that the most striking indicator of effective implementation of national Strategies in the field of environmental security and food security should be maintaining the proper natural state of our country’s ecology and the formation of a sufficient level of self-sufficiency in food of Ukraine. The directions of increase of efficiency of maintenance of ecological and food safety of Ukraine are defined.

Energy security as an integral element of ensuring the economic security of the state in the national security strategies of Ukraine

The article reveals the evolution of energy security in Ukraine's national security strategies during the years of independence. It is determined that a number of issues related to the creation of the most effective system of energy security of the state support within the existing National Security Strategies of Ukraine at various stages of state formation remain unresolved, both at the legislative level and in the functioning of relevant competent state bodies.
 The content of ensuring the energy security of the state in the four national security strategies of Ukraine is revealed. It is determined that the issue of ensuring energy security of the state requires a clear definition of the state in strategic priorities and goals that should correspond to current trends in the national economy and world realities in this area.
 It was emphasized that in accordance with the Final Provisions of the National Security Strategy 2020 on the development of planning documents in the field of national security and defense, which will determine the ways and tools of its implementation, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine on August 4, 2021 approved the Energy Security Strategy. Ukraine, which defines the target model of the energy security system as a component of national security.
 It is emphasized that the Energy Security Strategy of Ukraine identifies 29 key threats to energy security. These include, in particular, external risks - cyber threats to critical energy infrastructure, aggression by the Russian Federation, and internal - possible failure to integrate with EU electricity and gas supply systems, depreciation of fixed assets, lack of energy reserves and more.
 It is noted that the strategic approach is extremely important for such a complex sector of the economy as energy. Given the unstable situation in the geopolitical sphere, given the limited energy resources and the need to develop ecologically and with concern for the environment, we need to understand all the potential risks and threats that may affect the Ukrainian energy sector. That is why the Energy Security Strategy of Ukraine is necessary to ensure predictability of development and sustainability of the energy system, timely identification of threats and prevention.
 Threats to national security in the field of energy security have been studied. It is emphasized that currently the most correct and meaningful definition of energy security is the definition, which is enshrined in the newly approved Energy Security Strategy of Ukraine. Thus, energy security is the protection of national interests in ensuring access to reliable, sustainable, affordable and modern energy sources in a technically reliable, safe, cost-effective and environmentally friendly way under normal conditions and in conditions of special or emergency conditions.
 The directions of increase of efficiency of maintenance of energy security of Ukraine are defined.

MECHANISM FOR INTRODUCTION OF THE BASIC INCOME OF A CITIZEN OF UKRAINE

Introduction. The research is dedicated to the citizens of Ukraine. It is known that in many countries of the world there is a discussion about the possibility of introducing the "Unconditional Basic Income of the Citizen" (hereinafter - BBDG), and that is what encourages the governments of these countries to incline to such a decision. The draft law "Basic Income of a Citizen of Ukraine" (hereinafter - BSGU) is similar in form to BBDG and at the same time conceptually adapted to Ukrainian realities. Its adoption will be followed by the Constitution of Ukraine (Chapter II Rights, Freedoms and Duties of Man and Citizen).The subject of the research is the model of introduction of the basic income of a citizen of Ukraine - the law №1 for Ukraine. Goal. The article aims to describe the general, basic and final provisions of the draft law № 1 for Ukraine "On the introduction of basic income of Ukrainian citizens" which will contribute to the opening of new opportunities for Ukrainian citizens in health, education, self-realization through innovation and suffrage, will help to stop the outflow of labour and intellectual potential from Ukraine, providing each part of the total gross domestic product. The object of the study is the mechanism of introduction of the basic income of a citizen of Ukraine. Local self-government and the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine). Open-source materials were used for the study, namely summary information from the official website of the Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Agriculture of Ukraine, DW website referring to the data the World Bank and 112ua, Constitution of Ukraine. In addition, the emergence of such a law will open new opportunities for citizens of Ukraine in health, education, self-realization through innovation and suffrage, where you can not only freely choose but also be elected to public authorities at various levels, will help to suspend the outflow of labour and intellectual potential from Ukraine, providing each part of the total gross national product. Methods. The following methods were used to conduct research and obtain its results - the method of analysis and synthesis, absolute and comparative advantages, socio-psychological and organizational-administrative methods, synergetic approach. Research results. Public organizations, journalists, and representatives of local self-government were involved in the discussion of the proposed bill. The result of the study is a peer-reviewed scientific development - the draft law "On the introduction of basic income of citizens of Ukraine", information on copyright and related rights is included in the bulletin № 61 and are considered published November 30, 2020, National Intellectual Property State Enterprise. Conclusions. Every year more and more people have temporary or part-time employment. Forms of labour relations are changing. Labour relations based on remote employment are spreading. The structure of labour collectives is modified and they begin to lose a clear organizational structure and disappear as a whole. Society is increasingly stratified by income. Every year artificial intelligence becomes a growing driver of technological progress in our progressive digital civilization. Already in the 1920s, global automation of labour processes will take place, which will lead to a significant reduction in the number of jobs. Scientists predict that by 2035, 70% of current jobs, including those related to routine manual labour, will be replaced by artificial intelligence. Under the above circumstances, states face problems of increasing the natural rate of unemployment due to a significant increase in the level of structural unemployment. That makes it necessary to provide more and more assistance for integration into society to people who have lost the prospect of employment due to the disappearance from the labour market of jobs and specialities that they own. The above information does not mean that people will suddenly have nowhere to work. Today, new professions are emerging every day, and in developed countries, more than 70% of the economy is in the service sector. However, the transition period, until people lose their main jobs and find new jobs, will be not only painful but very massive. This process will be accompanied by mass strikes, rallies, voting for populists and other destructive phenomena of socio-political development. Every year we witness the growing impoverishment of citizens, so the decision was made to initiate a bill on the Basic Income of Citizens of Ukraine as a mechanism to ensure the main human right - the right to a dignified life under the Constitution of Ukraine (Article 21. All people are free and equal in dignity and rights).

An authoritative guide to the DSM Directive

As Eleonora Rosati points out in the Preface to her new book, 2021 is a momentous year for European Union copyright law for three reasons. Firstly, it is the 30th anniversary of the first harmonizing Directive in the field of copyright and related rights, the Computer Programs Directive.1 Secondly, it is the 20th anniversary of the most significant of the 19 Directives and Regulations (if you include the E-Commerce Directive2 and the IP Enforcement Directive3) passed so far, the Information Society Directive,4 the interpretation of which continues to keep the Court of Justice of the European Union busy.5 Thirdly, it is the year in which implementation was due of the most ambitious and complex Directive since the Information Society Directive, namely, the Digital Single Market Directive.6 It is the Digital Single Market Directive that forms the subject of this book. For those who are not yet familiar with it, the Directive is divided into five Titles, supplemented by no less than 86 recitals. Title I, ‘General Provisions’, consists of Articles 1 and 2, which set out the subject-matter and scope of the Directive and various definitions. Title II, ‘Measures to Adapt Exceptions and Limitations to the Digital and Cross-Border Environment’, consists of Articles 5–7, which introduce new mandatory exceptions for text and data mining (Articles 3 and 4), digital and cross-border teaching (Article 5) and preservation of cultural heritage (Article 6). Title III, ‘Measures to Improve Licensing Practices and Ensure Wider Access to Content’, is divided into four chapters. Chapter 1 (Articles 8–11) consists of provisions concerned with the use of out-of-commerce works by cultural heritage organizations, in particular through licencing by collective management organizations. Chapter 2 (Article 12) is intended to facilitate extended collective licencing. Chapter 3 (Article 13) is intended to facilitate access to audiovisual works on video-on-demand platforms and Chapter 4 (Article 14) prevents Member States from conferring related rights (as opposed to copyright where the originality criterion of author’s own intellectual creation is satisfied) upon photographs of works of visual art that are in the public domain. Title IV, ‘Measures to Achieve a Well-Functioning Marketplace for Copyright’, is divided into three chapters. Chapter 1 provides a new related right for press publishers (conceptually similar to, but differing in many details from, the UK typographical arrangement right) (Article 15) and for publishers to be able to receive a share of royalties received by authors (Article 16). Chapter 2 (Article 17) contains a complex set of provisions regulating the use of protected content by ‘online content-sharing service providers’. Chapter 3 contains a series of provisions intended to ensure that authors and performers receive fair remuneration from contracts for the exploitation of their works and performances: a requirement that authors and performers receive appropriate and proportionate remuneration (Article 18); an obligation for licencees and transferees to provide authors and performers with information concerning the exploitation of their works and performances (Article 19); a requirement that authors and performers be able to claim additional remuneration where the remuneration originally agreed turns out to be too low (Article 20); a requirement for ADR to be made available (Article 21): and a requirement that authors and performers be able to revoke licences and transfers where there is a lack of exploitation (Article 22). Title V, ‘Final Provisions’, amends some of the earlier Directives and contains some technical provisions dealing with things like application in time and transposition (Articles 24–32).

UNDERSTANDING THE RISK IN THE YOUTH ENVIRONMENT

The formation of modern youth is taking place in the period of socio-political transformations, which directly impact the life orientations of young people, their behaviour, social-economic situation. The factors mtioned above contribute to the spread of risks associated with threats to health and life, uncertainty of life start and self-realization, value and regulatory uncertainty. The purpose of the article: is to study approaches to identifying risk factors that impact the youth environment. Research methods applied: analysis and synthesis of scientific literature (to clarify the key concepts of the study), systematization (in order to identify existing scientific approaches to solving the problem), theoretical generalization (to formulate the final provisions and conclusions). If earlier scientific researches were mainly concentrated within the limits of natural-scientific and economic courses, now the allocation of a separate interdisciplinary direction − riskology is actual. The majority of young people experience the problem of life-start, which has a negative impact on the working career of young people, their family life and lifestyle and makes young people financially dependent on their parents. Globalization has had a significant impact on the development of the risk society. In the context of globalization, traditional social ties are being destroyed; young people avoid traditional restrictions, but at the same time lose a sense of reliability, stability, confidence in the future and feel anxious and afraid of the need to choose. Therefore, public policy should take into account all the factors that have a negative impact on the youth environment and help minimize the risks and form «socially healthy» youth.

DIFFICULTIES OF SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ADAPTATION OF VULNERABLE GROUPS OF INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS TO NEW LIVING CONDITIONS

The urgency of the problem raised for discussion by the authors of the article is caused by the difficulties of socio-psychological adaptation of vulnerable groups of internally displaced persons to new living conditions (including children and the elderly (elderly)). The purpose of the article is to outline the difficulties of adaptation of children and elderly IDPs on the basis of the analysis of scientific literature, normative-legal documents, results of sociological researches. Research methods used: analysis and synthesis of scientific literature and legal documents, generalization, classification (to clarify the key concepts of the study), systematization, grouping (to conceptualize the main provisions of the study), theoretical generalization (to formulate final provisions and conclusions). The results of the study were that it was found that in IDP children the greatest difficulties in adaptation are: impaired psycho-emotional health; complicating the process of socialization and the quality of education. Difficulties of adaptation of the elderly: social passivity of retirees, loss of necessary and desirable contacts, insecurity from the environment, as well as the threat to well-being and health, increased suspicion. It is the mental state and psychological attitude that determine the ability to adapt, the ability to cope, to survive. Forced migrants are in dire need of social and psychological assistance in overcoming life crises and professional advice from social workers. Prospects for further research are related to the identification and study of existing best Ukrainian practices of public and international organizations that adapt internally displaced persons to new living conditions.

SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ACTIVITY AS A FACTOR OF THE FORMATION OF PROFESSIONAL MOBILITY OF A MODERN SPECIALIST

Transformational processes in the modern society, the market approach to training of specialists, increasing of competition in the field of employment determine the relevance of the development of professional mobility of the individual. In general, professional mobility characterizes the readiness and ability of the specialist to socio-psychological and functional-status changes, innovative transformations of themselves and the environment. Obviously, the development of this quality is one of the most important tasks of the vocational school. The most intensive formation of professional mobility is facilitated by various factors, one of which is scientific research activity. The purpose of the article is to characterize the phenomenon of scientific research activity of a modern specialist as a factor of the formation of his professional mobility. Research methods: analysis and synthesis of scientific literature (to clarify the key concepts of the study), systematization (in order to identify existing scientific approaches to solving this problem), theoretical generalization (to formulate the final provisions and conclusions). The phenomenon of scientific research activity is considered on the example of the specialty «Social work». Scientific research activity is an integral component of social work, which is formed through the separation of the scientific research subsystem in its system. This interpretation of scientific research activity allows us to identify its most important features: it is an empirical scientific research activity; it is purposeful and characterized by the relationship of certain elements, procedures and methods; it is built within the framework of logical and constructive schemes, methods and means of cognition inherent in research activities; it is performed in accordance with the research algorithm; relies on the facts that require empirical verification; the result is new knowledge about the objects of social activity; is a methodological regulation that sets the logical direction of choice of methods and means of activity. In the process of scientific research activity there is the development of professional, systematic, logical, reflective, creative and innovative thinking, the ability to predict the results of work depending on the conditions of activity.

Articles of Association in UK Private Companies: An Empirical Leximetric Study

The final provisions of the UK’s Companies Act 2006 have now been in force for 10 years. Part of this regime included a new form of model constitution, known as the Model Articles. This article uses empirical data to establish whether the Model Articles have been used in practice or not. To do so, it tracks the constitutions of a sample of companies (those incorporated in Scotland in October 2009) from their incorporation until December 2017. It undertakes a leximetric methodology to code 12 variables across the constitutions, with a 0 being coded for convergence to the default regime and 1 being coded for divergence from the default regime. The results show that the majority of companies do not deviate from the default regime, other than in one respect: most allowed for the ability to appoint alternate directors. More importantly, however, the dataset shows that few of the sample companies amended their articles of association following incorporation, and that there is a strong correlation between certain coding patterns and the presenter, or formation agent, used to incorporate the company.

ВИНИКНЕННЯ КОРУПЦІЙНОГО СКЛАДНИКА В ПРОХОДЖЕННІ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ СЛУЖБИ ПІД ЧАС КАРАНТИННИХ ОБМЕЖЕНЬ В ОРГАНАХ ПЕНСІЙНОГО ФОНДУ УКРАЇНИ

Досліджено основні проблеми інституту державної служби в Україні та ризики виникнення корупції. Проана- лізовано стан та актуальні проблеми державної служби під час карантинних обмежень 2020 р. в Україні [11]. Розглянуто сам добір і призначення осіб на вакантні посади державної служби відповідно до Поряд- ку здійснюється у виняткових випадках, пов’язаних із необхідністю виконання завдань і функцій держав- них органів на період дії карантину. Такі випадки мають бути обґрунтованими. Таким чином, посади необхідні для безперебійного функціонування державного органу (наприклад, керівники державних органів та їхні заступники, керівники самостійних структурних підрозділів та їхні заступники, а також посади відповідних спеціалістів, які вводяться у разі недоцільності утворення в державних органах окремих струк- турних підрозділів, для виконання окремих функцій). Відповідальність за прийняте рішення покладається на суб’єкта призначення або керівника державної служби в державному органі. Окрім того зазначаємо, що сфера дії Порядку з урахуванням вимог абзацу п’ятого пункту 8 розділу ІІ «Прикінцеві положення» Закону України «Про внесення змін до Закону України «Про Державний бюджет України на 2020 рік» поширюється на вакантні посади державної служби незалежно від того, чи оголошувався на них конкурс до набрання чинності цим Законом [12].