Films Research Articles

A New Development in Audiovisual Translation Studies: Focus on Target Audience Perception

Audiovisual translation is now a well-established sub-discipline of Translation Studies (TS): a position that it has reached over the last twenty years or so. Italian scholars and professionals in the field have made a substantial contribution to this successful development, a brief overview of which will be given in the first part of this article, inevitably concentrating on dubbing in the Italian context. Special attention will be devoted to the question of target audience perception, an area where researchers in the University of Bologna at Forli have excelled. The second part of the article applies the methodology followed by the above mentioned researchers in a case study of how Italian end users perceive the dubbed version of the British film The History Boys (2006), which contains a plethora of culture-specific verbal and visual references to the English education system. The aim of the study was to ascertain: a) whether translation/adaptation allows the transmission in this admittedly constrained medium of all the intended culture-bound issues, only too well known to the source audience, and, if so, to what extent, and b) whether the target audience respondents to the e-questionnaire used were aware that they were missing information. The linked, albeit controversial, issue of quality assessment will also be addressed.

Friendship: Going to the Movies with Lou

Friendship: Going to the Movies with Lou

Surface modified ceramic fiber separators for thermal batteries

A wide range of possible hazards existing in thermal batteries are mainly caused by thermal runaway, which results in overheating or explosion in extreme case. Battery separators ensure the separation between two electrodes and the retention of ion-conductive electrolytes. Thermal runaways in thermal batteries can be significantly reduced by the adoption of these separators. The high operating temperature and the violent reactivity in thermal batteries, however, have limited the introduction of conventional separators. As a substitute for separators, MgO powders have been mostly used as a binder to hold molten salt electrolyte. During recent decades the fabrication technology of ceramic fiber, which has excellent mechanical strength and chemical stability, has undergone significant improvement. In this study we adopted wet-laid nonwoven paper making method instead of the electrospinning method which is costly and troublesome to produce in volume. Polymeric precursor can readily be coated on the surface of wet-laid ceramic paper, and be formed into ceramic film after heat treatment. The mechanical strength and the thermo-chemical stability as well as the wetting behaviors of ceramic separators with various molten salts were investigated to be applicable to thermal batteries. Due to their excellent chemical, mechanical, and electrical properties, wet-laid nonwoven separators made from ceramic fibers have revealed positive possibility as new separators for thermal batteries which operate at high temperature with no conspicuous sign of a short circuit and corrosion.

Beware of Blockbusters and Mega Movies

Beware of Blockbusters and Mega Movies

Polystyrene-co-poly(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluoro styrene) Copolymers: Synthesis and Fabrication of Their Porous Films

利用原子转移自由基聚合（ATRP）方法，分别在三氟甲苯、含氟离子液体以及三氟甲苯／含氟离子液体混合溶剂体系中合成了聚苯乙烯-co-聚（2，3，4，5，6．五氟苯乙烯）（PS．co．PPFS）共聚物，通过1HNMR、19F NMR、元素分析以及凝胶渗透色谱法（GPC）对所得聚合物的分子链结构和组成进行了分析和表征．随后，利用静态呼吸图法分别在CS2，CHCl3和CH2Cl2中制备了有序多孔薄膜，用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察其表面形貌，并与利用分子量大小相当的聚苯乙烯均聚物（PS）制备的多孑L薄膜进行了对比．研究结果表明：在三氟甲苯和含氟离子液体溶剂体系中，均可利用ATRP聚合方法获得窄分子量分布的PS．co—PPFS共聚物（Mn=5200-7900g·mol^-1，Mw／Mn=1．12～1．22）．对聚合物薄膜的扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察和分析显示：分别以CS2，CHCl3和CH2Cl2作为溶剂，利用静态呼吸图法均可制备出PS—co．PPFS共聚物多孔薄膜．然而，与在CHCl3和CH2Cl2中制备的PS均聚物多孔薄膜的表面形貌不同的是，PS—co．PPFS共聚物多孔薄膜呈现出无序排列、平均孔径大小不同的两种孔结构；在CHCl3中制备所得薄膜的孔结构有序性相对较好，两种孔的平均孔径分别为0．75和0．37μm．

Efficacy of Artemether in Unresolving Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria

The emergence of possible resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria to artemisinin known for its immense benefit in malaria chemotherapy is worrisome. We report a case of unresolving Plasmodium falciparum malaria to Artesunate treatment in a 29- year old man in Enugu Nigeria. Plasmodium falciparum count of Giemsa stained blood films was 3000 parasites /il on the first day, and 2400 parasites /il on the 14 th day following treatment with oral Artesunate. On administering oral Artemether to the patient, the parasite count dropped from 2400 parasites /il to zero as at day 14 with normal body temperature and marked clinical improvement. The use of Artesunate as monotherapy against malaria infection is common practice in our community. Health care providers should have a re-think and use artemisinin based combination therapy Keywords: Malaria, Artesunate, Resistance Nigerian Medical Practitioner Vol. 62 No 5-6, 2012

Is There Metonymy in Film?

Is There Metonymy in Film?

On Film Studies and the Unconscious

On Film Studies and the Unconscious

Deposition of ZnO thin films by MOCVD using ultrasonic nebulization

Deposition of ZnO thin films by MOCVD using ultrasonic nebulization

EFFECT OF PRUNING OF LATERAL BRANCHES IN THE QUALITY AND PRODUCTION OF MINI WATERMELON FRUITS IN NFT HIDROPONIC CULTIVATION

The requirement of the consumer market for smaller watermelon fruit increases the need for studies of mini watermelon cultivation techniques such as hydroponics, protected cultivation, pruning and staking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the behavior of hybrid mini watermelon trained, pruned of lateral branches, grown in hydroponic NFT (Nutrient Film Technique). Two experiments were conducted (Exp. 1 and Exp. 2), differing in planting and pruning system, using Beni Kodama and Ki Kodama hybrids. Regarding pruning systems, in Exp.1 tested no pruning (a) and pruning of the side branches of the main stem to the fourth leaf (b) and eighth leaf (C); Exp.2 tested no pruning (a) and complete pruning of side branches of the main stem (b) or pruning to the fifth leaf (c). The experimental design was a randomized block design in split-split plots. Plant dry matter, fresh fruit mass, thickness of the epicarp, longitudinal and transversal diameters and pulp and soluble solids of the basal region, central and apex of the fruit were evaluated. The cultivar Beni Kodama stood out in the first planting to plant dry matter and soluble solids of the basal and central regions of the fruit. In the second planting, Beni Kodama with pruning of lateral branches had diameters less pulp than the other pruning. However, pruning did not affect fruit production of hybrid mini watermelon and fruit quality cultivar Beni Kodama produced tutored in hydroponics was superior to Ki Kodama.

Understanding films

Understanding films

Film Societies: A Place where the Global and the Local Connect

Film Societies: A Place where the Global and the Local Connect

Therapeutic effects of Pyranoprofen on the mouse dry eye induced by topical medication of Benzalkonium Chloride

Randomized controlled experimental study to investigate the therapeutic effect and the possible mechanism of Pranoprofen on the recovery of dry eye induced by topical medication of Benzalkonium Chloride (BAC) in mouse. It was an experimental study. Seventy BALB/c mice were treated with topical administration of 0.25% BAC to establish the dry eye condition. Based on the consistency of break-up time of tear-film (BUT), corneal fluorescein staining scores and inflammation index, the eyes were re-selected and randomly divided into four groups on day (D) 21 after the BAC treatment. Group A was set up as blank control, while group B, C and D were treated respectively with 0.1% sodium hyaluronate eye drops, 0.1% fluorometholone eye drops plus 0.1% sodium hyaluronate eye drops, 0.1% pyranoprofen eye drops plus 0.1% sodium hyaluronate eye drops. BUTs, tear volumes, corneal fluorescein staining scores and inflammation index were evaluated in each group on D0, 1, 3 and 5 after the therapeutic treatment. Global specimens were collected on D6. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) or by periodic acid-schiff (PAS) assay, and labeled with cytokeratin 10 (K10) antibody. The expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the cornea and conjunctiva was quantified by western blot. 72 eyes were included in the sequential experiment, 18 eyes for each group. On D0, 1 and 3, no clinical differences were observed among the groups. On D5, the BUT was (2.933 ± 0.320), (2.900 ± 0.280), (3.464 ± 0.498) and (3.643 ± 0.413) s in group A, B, C and D respectively; the BUTs in group C and D were significant longer than those of group A and B (F = 13.774, P = 0.000). The corneal fluorescein staining score was (11.640 ± 1.008), (11.790 ± 1.188), (10.330 ± 1.371) and (10.270 ± 1.104)s in group A, B, C and D respectively; the scores in group C and D were significant lower than those of group A and B (F = 6.145, P = 0.001). The corneal inflammatory index was (0.232 ± 0.059), (0.229 ± 0.078), (0.151 ± 0.055) and (0.154 ± 0.056) in group A, B, C and D respectively; the index in group C and D were significant lower than those of group A and B (F = 6.703, P = 0.001). No significant difference was found in tear volume among groups. No significant difference was found between Pyranoprofen and Fluorometholone treatment in BUT, corneal fluorescein score or inflammatory index. Corneal morphology showed the feature of thicker corneal epithelial layer in group A and uniformity in group C and D. PAS assay revealed similar goblet cell numbers in group C and D, but less goblet cells in group A and B. Cytokeratin 10 was almost negatively expressed in Pranoprofen or Fluorometholone treated groups, and remained positive in the corneal epithelium with other treatments. The level of TNF-α in the cornea was down-regulated in Pranoprofen or Fluorometholone treated groups. Pranoprofen or Fluorometholone combined with sodium hyaluronate treatment presented similar therapeutic effects on BAC-induced mouse dry eye, with the more stable tear film, the better regularity of epithelium recovery, the down-regulation of inflammatory TNF-α, the increased number of goblet cells, and the elimination of squamous metaplasia, when compared with the treatment of sodium hyaluronate eye drops only. Our results showed the great potentialities of Pranoprofen in the clinical treatment of ocular surface inflammation in the mild and severity dry eye.

Dial M for mentor: Reflections on mentoring in film, television, and literature

AbstractBy Jonathan Gravells and Susan WallaceCharlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing Company. 2011. 148 pp. ISBN: 978‐1‐6173‐5429‐8. $85.99 Hardcover, $45.99 PaperbackReviewed by Richard Schuttler, PhD

Comparisons of the Awareness of Domestic and Foreign Users for Illegal Downloading of Movie Content

The MPAA(Motion Picture Association of America) warned about serious problems of piracy due to nearly a quarter of all Internet traffic around the globe was related to Internet piracy. Thus, strong legal action is enforced for piracy over nationally through strengthen the copyright law. We in this paper conducted a survey to see whether netizens prefer to download just for the matter of their convenience. Our study becomes a motivation to consider about seriousness of piracy by comparing between Korea and foreign cases. To our surprise, the survey reveals that Korean netizens conspicuously aware of their downloading behaviors outpaces Canadian netizens. Canada lacks the basic protections for the digital environment and is a safe haven for Internet pirates.

Filmography: Films directed or co-directed by women 2000–2010

Filmography: Films directed or co-directed by women 2000–2010

A flat surface film cooling holes in the two-row system of spherical cavities

Наведено результати експериментального дослідження та CFD моделювання плівкового охолодження плоскої поверхні двохрядною системою похилих отворів, які розташовано у сферичних заглибинах.

卵白フィルムの物理化学的特性とリゾチーム活性について

4 種類の卵白水溶液，すなわち，濃厚卵白水溶液，2%グリセロール含有卵白水溶液，5%ジメチルスルホキシド含有卵白水溶液，塩化カルシウム/エタノール含有卵白水溶液を用いて，卵白フィルムの調製を試みた．バイオマテリアルとしての利用の可能性を検討するため，四種類の卵白水溶液を使用して調製されたフィルムの含水性，透明性，力学特性，酸素透過性を明らかにした．これらの特性は，調製時に用いられた卵白水溶液の種類やエタノール濃度に依存することが示された．さらに，フィルムの原材料である卵白粉末がもつリゾチーム活性が，すべてのフィルムにみられ，その活性は，フィルム表面積に依存することが確認された．

Persistence and Change in Age-Specific Gender Gaps: Hollywood Actors from the Silent Era Onward

The relationship between gender, age, and employment (and the potential for changing it) has interested scholars – and inspired activists – since at least the advent of the women’s rights movement. In this paper, we examine the gender and age mix for an unusually visible profession: acting in motion pictures. Analysis of almost a century of data produces some striking results. For example, the average ages of both male and female actors have increased by about eight years over the last 90 years. Yet for the most part, the dominant pattern is one of stability. Of the nearly half-million different roles played in more than 50,000 feature films between 1920 and 2011, two-thirds have gone to males, and the gender gap is now slightly larger than it was in the industry’s early years. Furthermore, the average male actor has consistently remained about eight years older than the average female actor. Finally, despite the much larger number of male roles in total, the direction of the gender gap depends on age – there are more leading roles for young women than for young men. The fact that these patterns have held steady through major changes in the film industry – and in society as a whole – suggests a corresponding stability in consumer preferences that has implications for understanding gender-specific labor market returns to youth and appearance.

Photographic Film Technology in Motion Picture Industry and Preservation of Motion Picture Film

Photographic Film Technology in Motion Picture Industry and Preservation of Motion Picture Film