Authority Figures Research Articles

Beyond Religion: A Bonhoefferian Discussion of Ecclesial Repentance in the Aftermath of Abuse

Abuse, when committed by spiritual authority figures, can have far-reaching consequences for church communities well after perpetrators have been removed and held accountable. In attending to survivors, a host of issues may come to light, including but not limited to, organizational complicity in abuse, institutional marginalization of the vulnerable, and the revelation that worship spaces can be traumatically triggering. The work of scholars like Michelle Panchuk, Elaine Heath, and Katharina von Kellenbach all point to the challenging reality that ecclesial repentance­ may demand dramatic changes to restore a safe environment and righteous expressions of worship that honour God's intentions for all. Glen Kinoshita's ‘ministry of reconciliation’ and Dietrich Bonhoeffer's ‘preparing the way’ and ‘religionless Christianity’ are texts that on the surface address this type of process; however, it is not clear that either scholar fully reckons with the issue of a worshipping community or space that has been so marred by abuse as to become an impediment to a survivor's participation in liturgy. In this article, I modify Bonhoeffer's work to move beyond his claims and make recommendations for further steps towards repentance.

The Role of Teacher Support in Student Engagement through Basic Needs Satisfaction in High School Students

Research shows that teacher support can increase student involvement in school activities or what is known as school engagement. Students who are engaged are better able to adapt and show better academic achievement. Teachers as authority figures in schools play a role in providing the support that students need. Forms of support that teachers can provide to students include teacher involvement, teacher autonomy support and teacher structure. How teacher support influences high school students' school engagement will be seen based on the Basic Needs Satisfaction theoretical framework, namely through fulfilling students' basic psychological needs in the form of fulfilling the need for competence, need for autonomy and need for relatedness. Data were collected using the Teacher Support questionnaire which was constructed by researchers based on the theory of Klem and Connell (2004), the Basic Needs Satisfaction questionnaire was an adaptation of the "Feeling I Have" measuring instrument constructed by Deci and Ryan (2000), while the School Engagement questionnaire was constructed by researchers based on the theory of Fredricks, Blumenfeld and Paris (2004). Data processing was carried out using Mediation Analysis. The results of data processing show that Teacher Support can increase student School Engagement directly or indirectly through the three types of Basic Needs Satisfaction (partial mediation). This research provides implications for schools to focus more on developing teachers' abilities in providing involvement, autonomy and structure support.

“Masculinity is responsibility toward your family”: Masculinity in the shadow of Bedouin patriarchy in Israel

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study is to examine how the patriarchal structure affects Bedouin men's role in the family and how this role affects their masculinity.BackgroundHow the patriarchal structure affects Bedouin women and constrains them has been studied extensively, but there is a dearth of research on how it affects young Bedouin men—especially those who are the sons of men with higher education—who have been influenced by modernization and exposure to Israeli society.MethodThis is a qualitative study in the phenomenological tradition, using a semistructured in‐depth interview, of 20 young Bedouin men.ResultsFour themes were identified. “Power that I did not choose”: The patriarchal structure gives young men power and authority that they do not choose and cannot oppose. “The mirror of the older men is important”: Fulfilling the traditional Bedouin man's role is crucial for obtaining their elders' approval of their masculinity. “Responsibility”: The men have responsibility. “Masculine juggling”: The young men must negotiate their aspirations that conflict with society's expectations.ConclusionThe change that traditional Bedouin society is undergoing creates many challenges for young Bedouin men. These include having to be the authority figure in a patriarchal structure and the protector of the female family members, roles that often conflict with the men's personal desire for equality between the sexes and among family members.ImplicationsThe findings may be useful in planning support programs for educated young Bedouin men and may contribute to the understanding of the challenges facing men in Bedouin families.

Collaborative Interpretation of Researcher-Generated Photo-Elicitation Findings: Insights From Women With Lived Experience of Homelessness.

Interviews with individuals experiencing homelessness can be challenging for various reasons, including mental and physical health issues, substance use, and negative experiences with authority figures. Researchers have used photos to facilitate communication and empower participants during data collection. We analyzed data from a previous study to explore the use of researcher-generated photos during interviews about health with 13 women experiencing homelessness. Conversation analysis revealed clear patterns regarding the use of the photos during the interviews. The photos were referred to 118 times over the total interview length, 6hours and 23 minutes, with the interviewer making 62% of the referrals and the women accounting for 38%. Fifty-nine percent of the referrals occurred within the first 5minutes of the interviews. The women used the photos to trigger associations and emotions, to describe photo content, or in a minor role during the interview. Interpretations from an advisory board of six women with lived experiences of homelessness suggested that the photos did not engage participants as intended, highlighting the importance of considering participants' perspectives when designing photo-elicitation methods. The feedback also provided valuable insights into interview locations and incentives in research that may have influenced the women's willingness to use the photos. This study emphasizes the importance of understanding the complexity of choosing researcher-generated photos in interviews with underserved, hard-to-reach populations.

éghajlatvédelem poétikája és etikája felé. Ragadozók, bányászat, Szent Ágoston

Towards a Poetics and Ethics of Climate ProtectionThe study addresses the urgent need for a comprehensive approach to climate change, emphasising the role of individual responsibility and political action. It advocates for a shift in thinking, where each person acknowledges their responsibility for climate change, which is crucial for developing effective strategies to combat it. The author agrees with the consensus among climate scientists and scientific circles that human activity is the primary cause of global warming. However, argues that a democratic society lacks a single authoritative figure to dictate actions, placing the onus on individuals to act responsibly and ethically. Exploring the ethical dimensions, the text delves into the philosophical and ethical implications of our relationship with the Earth, drawing on Saint Augustine's reflections on time and the nature of the past. It discusses the concept of exploiting the Earth's resources, likening it to enslaving the past, and emphasises the need to treat these resources as partners in our survival rather than mere commodities. The author argues for a sustainable and ethical approach to resource management, advocating for a balance between taking from and giving back to the Earth. The text concludes by discussing the role of technology, ethics, and legislation in reversing climate change. It highlights the need for more excellent knowledge, responsibility, and collective action to understand and mitigate the adverse effects of climate change. János Boros calls for extending Kant's categorical imperative to include the Earth, emphasising the moral obligation to protect and sustain the planet for future generations. Overall, the study is a comprehensive and philosophical exploration of climate change's ethical and practical challenges, advocating for individual responsibility, strong legislative action, and reevaluating our relationship with the Earth.

Identifikácia problémov vychovávateľov v školskom klube detí

The paper is focused on the identification of problems faced by educators in the educational institution, the school children's club. From the initial placement of the educator in the educational process, he/she is matched with problems related to his/her adaptation to the new environment and the unpredictable circumstances that he/she has to deal with. We identify the shortcomings affecting the professional activity of educators as the problems of the novice educator, the sustainability of discipline and respect for the educator as an authority figure, the underestimation and undervaluation of the profession, the inclusion of children with special educational needs in the activities of the club, and the material and spatial shortcomings in the school children's club.

Испанская конкиста как культурная травма: легитимация травмирующего события в испанской прессе

The article examines the process of legitimation of the conquest in the Spanish mass media political discourse. The study appears to be relevant due to the recent intensification of controversy surrounding the justification of Spanish colonization, as well as the process of delegitimization of this historical event in the Latin American media. The scientific novelty of the paper lies in that it provides an analysis of cultural traumatization and legitimation as interconnected sociological processes that are linguistically represented in the Spanish political media discourse. The study is carried out on the basis of written and oral discourse of Spanish politicians and public figures legitimizing this traumatic event. In the course of the work, it was established that the process of legitimation of the conquest is most clearly manifested at the stage of theorization of the object of legitimation aiming to objectify its adequacy and is implemented through the strategy of moral assessment and the substrategy of analogy: the unpleasant facts of Aztec imperialism are described, there are references to the British, Arab and Dutch conquests, the expediency of which is not questioned by society. Where the Conquest is rationalized with the use of a predictive substrategy and a result-oriented substrategy, there are indicated potential negative consequences of the absence of Spanish conquest as well as the benefits of civilization that appeared in the conquered territory after the arrival of the colonizers. At the promotion stage, a strategy of appeal to authority is implemented – there are presented opinions of authoritative political and public figures and historical figures legitimizing the conquest and denying all accusations as well as the need to apologize to the former colonies. At the stage of final rooting, the conquest becomes a habitual social context.

The Visibility of Racism: A Critical Exploration of Marginalization and Identity in Ralph Ellison’s ‘Invisible Man’

Ralph Ellison’s highly acclaimed novel, ‘Invisible Man’, is a compelling narrative that explores the themes of identity and marginalisation within a deeply polarised society. This literary research paper delves into the intricacies of identity development using postcolonial theory and examines the socio-political consequences of invisibility by conducting a thorough analysis of the protagonist’s journey. Through an analysis of the novel’s socio-cultural perspectives, I explore the process of identity formation as the protagonist, known as the ‘Invisible Man,’ navigates a society that is divided along racial and political lines. The Protagonist’s encounters with deceitful figures of authority, along with his disillusionment within the Brotherhood, expose the manipulation and exploitation that marginalised individuals endure in power structures. This study investigates the mechanisms through which African-Americans experience the dehumanisation of Negroes, which is perpetuated by stereotypes, structural racism, and segregation. Ultimately, this study affirms the significance of ‘Invisible Man’ in ongoing conversations regarding race, identity, and marginalisation.

„Zasada kręcenia”. Autotematyzm w twórczości Adama Zdrodowskiego

The author of the article analyses Adam Zdrodowski’s poetry collection entitled "Moon Machine" (2019), both in the context of his previous books and the output of Polish writers born in the same decade, the 1970s. The heteronyms portrayed in "Moon Machine" suggest that after a six-year break from writing, the poet sought new ways to produce self-reflexive texts by creating metaleptic loops and deconstructing the authorial figure rather than reproducing the same Oulipian constraints that were prevalent in his previous collections.

Obedience as “Engaged Followership”: A Review and Research Agenda

Milgram’s Obedience to Authority (OtA) studies have long been understood as demonstrating that people are prone to blindly follow the orders of authority. More recently, we have proposed an engaged followership model of obedience, which suggests that a person’s willingness to go along with the requests of an authority figure is predicated on their identification with that person and/or the cause they represent. In this paper, we present a review of our rationale for this perspective and take stock of the current evidence we have to support it. We also highlight gaps in this evidence, and set out an agenda for future research.

Leading primary care under the weight of COVID-19: how leadership was enacted in six australian general practices during 2020.

The COVID-19 pandemic challenged health care delivery globally, providing unique challenges to primary care. Australia's primary healthcare system (primarily general practices) was integral to the response. COVID-19 tested the ability of primary health care to respond to the greater urgency and magnitude than previous pandemics. Early reflections highlighted the critical role of leaders in helping organisations negotiate the pandemic's consequences. This study explores how general practice leadership was enacted during 2020, highlighting how leadership attributes were implemented to support practice teams. We performed secondary analysis on data from a participatory prospective qualitative case study involving six general practices in Melbourne, Victoria, between April 2020 and February 2021. The initial coding template based on Miller et al.'s relationship-centred model informed a reflexive thematic approach to data re-analysis, focused on leadership. Our interpretation was informed by Crabtree et al.'s leadership model. All practices realigned clinical and organisational routines in the early months of the pandemic - hierarchical leadership styles often allowing rapid early responses. Yet power imbalances and exclusive communication channels at times left practice members feeling isolated. Positive team morale and interdisciplinary teamwork influenced practices' ability to foster emergent leaders. However, emergence of leaders generally represented an inherent 'need' for authoritative figures in the crisis, rather than deliberate fostering of leadership. This study demonstrates the importance of collaborative leadership during crises while highlighting areas for better preparedness. Promoting interdisciplinary communication and implementing formal leadership training in crisis management in the general practice setting is crucial for future pandemics.

Confrontation and Cooperation between the Clergy and Constitutional Intellectuals

The ideas of the clergy and intellectuals, as well as the nature of their confrontation and cooperation during the Constitutional Revolution, have been examined. Given that numerous articles have been written on the Constitutional Revolution and its various aspects, the present article seeks to analyze the confrontation and cooperation between the clergy and the constitutional intellectuals from a different perspective. By presenting the views of some Shiite authorities and leading scholars of that period, alongside the perspectives of European-educated intellectuals, this descriptive-analytical study aims to answer the question: why was there initial cooperation between the clergy and intellectuals in the struggle against despotism at the beginning of the Constitutional movement, but after a while, especially after the victory of the constitutionalists, did cooperation give way to confrontation and conflict between them, ultimately leading to its failure? The hypothesis is that both groups, the clergy and the intellectuals, set aside many of their ideological differences during the physical and field struggle against despotism, due to their shared goal of rejecting the status quo. This shared goal was the primary reason for their initial success. However, various factors, such as the silent interference of foreign powers acting in their own interests, and the incompatibility and conflict among the factions leading the Constitutional Revolution—each of which pursued its own specific objectives after the victory—led to the movement's disintegration and ultimately to the rise of another authoritarian figure, Reza Khan.

Inventing Middlebrow Cinema: The Russian Film Journal Pegasus (1915–1917)

ABSTRACT This article investigates the editorial policy of Pegasus (Pegas, 1915–1917), one of the first film journals in Russia addressed to a nonprofessional audience. It contends that the journal aimed at legitimizing film as a middlebrow art and entertainment. The hope was to establish film as an artistic realization of the screenwriter’s literary work; Pegasus therefore initiated the discussion of the screenplay as literature, both in editorials and through screenplay publications. At the same time, Pegasus pioneered the debates on authorship in film by promoting the screenwriter as an authorial figure that could appeal to a middlebrow audience.

A Muḥaddith Sūfī or a Sūfī Muḥaddith? An Evaluation of General Characteristics of the Sūfī Approaches to Ḥadīths

This study concentrates on central points of criticism addressed to Sufis by more traditionalist and normative scholars of Islam from classical period, especially by the ḥadīth authorities (muḥaddithūn), in the ḥadīth methodology (uṣūl al-ḥadīth). It analyzes peculiar characteristics of Sufis in ḥadīth narration in comparison with the mainstream methodology of the muḥaddithūn, with a special focus on the Sufis’ emphasis on the internal and spiritual dimensions of the ḥadīths. The study lists a number of critical scholarly issues around which the Sufi approaches to ḥadīths are formulated and criticized, like their alleged omission of the transmission chains (sanads) of ḥadīths; their general tendency to narrate the ḥadīths in meaning (ma‘nā) rather than in literal wording (lafẓ); their ḥadīth narration relying on spiritual unveiling (kashf), inspiration (ilhām) and dream (ru’yā); their interpretations (ta’wīl) of the ḥadīths on the basis of their specific way of thinking; and their belief of the existence of certain mysterious ḥadīths. Providing a survey of such scholarly issues between the members of the Sufis and muḥaddithūn, this study examines the nature of such criticisms on the basis of the writings of certain authoritative figures in the history of Sufism, including Abū Ṭālib al-Makkī, Abū al-Qāsim al-Qushayrī, and Muḥyī al-Dīn Ibn al-‘Arabī.

Strategi Positioning “Gemoy” Prabowo Subianto melalui Media Digital

This research aims to analyze the transformation of Prabowo Subianto's image from a stern and authoritative figure to a more relaxed and attractive one, focusing on the development of a "gemoy" image ahead of the 2024 Indonesian presidential general election. Using a qualitative methodology and case study approach, the research collected data through documentation, observation, as well as content and discourse analysis from print, electronic, and online media. The study shows that Prabowo's image change is influenced by the current political dynamics, the evolution of information technology, and the changing preferences of voters, especially the younger generation. The main findings show that Prabowo's positioning strategy through digital media, especially on social media platforms such as Twitter, Instagram, and TikTok, plays a crucial role in shaping a new image that is more relaxed and fun. This research provides insights into how politicians can adapt their image to attract voters, especially from the younger generation, in the digital era. The findings also highlight the importance of digital media in contemporary political campaigns, where it is not only a communication tool but also a strategic instrument in political image formation and management. This research contributes to the understanding of the dynamics of political image formation in Indonesia, providing evidence of how images can be strategically altered to achieve greater resonance with voters in a changing political context.

Grunt to historia? Vicente Luis Mora i jego "Centroeuropa" (2020) jako metapowieść intrahistoryczna

The purpose of the essay is to introduce the figure of a contemporary Spanish author, Vicente Luis Mora, and his novel Centroeuropa to the Polish literary researchers, as well as to analyze the special character of this novel in terms of reading agreement and the most adequate terminology concerning the literary genre, to which it belongs, based on the form oftypological characteristics of a novel that includes ten essential points: paratext, plot, narration, time structure, poetics, the question of mimesis, the loyalty of history towards History, metatextuality, ideological character and the strategies used by the author. On the basis of these reflections it can be concluded that Centroeuropa by Vicente Luis Mora is a metanovel about a man who is looking for his way in a breakthrough moment in the history of Europe, between the 18th and 19th century, in the declining feudal‑absolutist Prussia and the emerging liberal‑capitalist Prussia, in the embryonic society, where economic and political norms haven’t been fully constructed yet and women are not full‑fledged members of society. Centroeuropa is a multi‑dimensional novel inspired by the past of Central Europe, but – above all – a metanovel about writing and its servitude.

Approaches and Strategies for Character Education for Santri at the AI ​​Riyadloh Islamic Boarding School, Semarang Regency

The objective of this research is to identify optimal methods for suitably imparting character education. The data-gathering methods employed in this research encompass observation, interviews, and documentation. Triangulation serves as a method to assess the accuracy and reliability of the acquired data. Data analysis was conducted via data reduction methodologies, data visualization, and inference drawing. The research findings indicate that character education at the API Al Riyadloh Islamic Boarding School employs two distinct approaches: a teacher-centered approach and a student-centered approach. In a teacher-centered method, the instructor assumes an active position as an authoritative figure who is revered and obeyed by pupils based on the teachings found in the texts being taught. Conversely, a student-centered approach promotes the active participation of students in structured nighttime learning activities. In addition to that, the API Al Riyadloh Islamic Boarding School employs six ways to cultivate the students' character. The tactics encompass habituation, cultivation, acquiring knowledge of positive attributes, experiencing and cherishing positivity, engaging in virtuous activities, emulating positive influences from the environment, and seeking repentance. These tactics aim to cultivate students' familiarity with kindness, comprehension of moral principles, emotional connection to and appreciation for kindness, and active engagement in virtuous deeds

Changing face of Authority figures and Influencers in the new age: A Study of New Emerging Practices in the Indian Advertising Industry

Changing face of Authority figures and Influencers in the new age: A Study of New Emerging Practices in the Indian Advertising Industry

Beyond the Middle Classes, Beyond New Media: The Politics of Islamic Consumerism in Indonesia

ABSTRACT This introduction considers two developments that have hitherto occupied separate realms of scholarship: the increasing visibility of pious consumption, and the proliferation in Indonesia of Muslim authorities and the associated fragmentation of Muslim publics. We identify three significant themes that connect these developments. First, the borders that separate religion and consumerism have become increasingly porous. Indonesian Muslims’ uptake of new technologies and non-religious cultural forms has broadened the range of possibilities for practice and faith, which in turn has facilitated the emergence of new figures of Islamic authority. Second, online platforms for Islamic experience and participation have intensified religious identity politics. Visibility is needed for success in the world of social media, and claimants to authority in online spaces frequently exploit differences in religious and intra-religious segments to achieve this. Third, the concept of the ‘middle class’ has been useful for understanding the adoption of new technologies and media forms by Muslims, yet we suggest that Islamic consumerism should be decoupled from the concept of the Muslim middle class. We conclude by suggesting that the debate about consumerism would be enhanced by a renewed focus on materiality and its social meanings in Islamic practice.

Sense-Making/Giving during the COVID-19 Crisis: A Multi-Method Study of Health Podcasting in Australia and the U.S.

Abstract Sense-making and sense-giving represent an issue of communication (Weick et al. 2005). The former is associated with emotional processes of crisisassessment and cognitive processes of justifying and seeking social acceptance for decisions (Søderberg and Vaara 2003), while the latter is the framework communicated to the public to facilitate their understanding and subsequently motivate certain actions (Maitlis and Christianson 2014). The medium used to communicate this framework varies depending on the relationship an authority figure has with their audience. Analysis of this communication and its medium has focused primarily on political leaders through the lens of the Charismatic, Ideological and Pragmatic (CIP) model (Crayne and Medeiros 2020), and of the Discourse-Historical Approach (DHA) (Wodak 2021). This study uses both the CIP model and the DHA via Corpus-Assisted Discourse Studies (CADS) to examine influential physicians communicating the COVID-19 crisis in health podcasts in the U.S. and Australia. It therefore interprets the healthrelated information they disseminate, and how this information is framed and given meaning, to develop a perspective on how and why these podcasters differ in how they make sense of the crisis and, consequently, appeal to a broader audience.