Figure Of Merit Research Articles

Ultralow thermal conductivity and high thermoelectric performance induced by dimensionality reduction in chain-like compounds X2PtSe2 (X=K, rb)

Balancing low lattice thermal conductivity (κL) with a high power factor is a major challenge in the research of thermoelectric (TE) materials. In this paper, we report on a class of chain-like compounds, X2PtSe2(X = K, Rb), characterized by strong lattice anharmonicity, weak bonds, and low phonon group velocities. Using first-principles calculations in conjunction with self-consistent phonon theory and the Boltzmann transport equation, we systematically investigate the thermal and electrical transport properties of X2PtSe2(X = K, Rb). At room temperature, the κL of K2PtSe2 and Rb2PtSe2 in the direction perpendicular to the Pt–Se chains is only 0.15 and 0.10 Wm−1K−1, respectively. Additionally, due to the low-dimensional nature of the Pt–Se chains, these compounds exhibit a ‘pudding-mold type’ band structure, contributing to a TE power factor. At 300K, under n-type doping, K2PtSe2 and Rb2PtSe2 achieve TE figures of merit (ZT) values of 1.66 and 1.67, respectively, in the direction perpendicular to the Pt–Se chains. At 500K, the ZT value of Rb2PtSe2 approaches 4, far surpassing traditional TE materials. These results indicate that the chain-like compounds X2PtSe2(X = K, Rb) exhibit excellent TE performance, achieving energy conversion efficiencies comparable to commercial transducer devices.

Glassy ZIF-62 compositing induces ultralow lattice thermal conductivity in GeTe

A glassy zeolitic imidazolate framework-62 (g-ZIF-62) is used to composite with GeTe for effectively enhancing the mid-frequency phonon scattering to decrease the thermal conductivity of GeTe. After compositing, g-ZIF-62 distributes at the grain boundary of GeTe, leading to reduced lattice thermal conductivity (κl) of 0.31 W m–1 K–1 at 673 K, which is close to the theoretical amorphous limit of GeTe. Meanwhile, the introduction of g-ZIF-62 refrains the hall mobility and electrical conductivity, thus leading to minimized electrical thermal conductivity (κe). Accordingly, such g-ZIF-62 compositing can solely increase the ZT (dimensionless figure of merit) of GeTe of around 32 % at 723 K, even though the other parameters are not technically optimized for improving thermoelectric properties of GeTe. This study suggests that compositing g-ZIF-62 with GeTe can effectively strengthen the mid-frequency phonon scattering to decrease κl and κe of GeTe, providing a reasonable way to enhance the ZT of the thermoelectric materials.

Task-based assessment for radiation dose optimization in CT abdominal examinations: A phantom study

Recent advancements in Computed Tomography (CT) imaging technology have significantly enhanced healthcare delivery. However, public concern regarding the safety and health risks associated with increased exposure to ionizing radiation has escalated. In response, this study performs a quantitative analysis comparing the image quality of the standard CT abdomen protocol (P1 protocols) with alternative optimization techniques. Adjustments to standard CT scan parameters, including tube potential (P2 protocols), effective mAs value (P3), and pitch factor (P4, P5, P6 protocols), were made to evaluate the effectiveness of these optimization strategies. A 64-slice CT scanner (Canon, Japan) and a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) textural water phantom was utilized in this study. CT dose descriptors, volume weighted CT Dose Index (CTDIvol) and dose-length product (DLP) alongside evaluation parameters such as Hounsfield Unit (HU) number, noise levels, Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), and Contrast-to-Noise Ratio (CNR) were measured and analysed. Furthermore, this research introduced a Figure of Merit (FOM) based on the ratio of image quality parameters (SNR and CNR) to the CTDIvol, establishing a quantitative measure for optimization. A notable reduction in radiation dose—34.85% below the standard protocol (P1)—was observed in protocol P6, attributed to an increased pitch factor. Conversely, increase the effective mAs value has improved SNR and CNR values. The findings reveal that protocols P1 and P2 deliver the highest FOM for soft tissue and fat imaging, respectively. Protocol P1, with its higher attenuation factor, is optimal for abdominal examinations targeting soft tissues. Meanwhile, protocol P2's increase effective mAs value enhances beam intensity, improving CT numbers for fat tissues with their high-density composition. The study also found a strong correlation between FOM based on SNR and CNR values. In conclusion, adjustments to primary CT parameters significantly influence image quality. The FOM serves as an effective tool for measuring the overall performance of image quality, facilitating post-optimization assessment and contributing to the development of safer, more efficient CT imaging protocols.

Design and theoretical analysis of SPR biosensors based on gold-silver alloy and protective top layer for enhanced biosensing applications

In this paper, we present a theoretical study to enhance the performance of SPR biosensor structures based on the Kretschmann configuration. We use a low refractive index CaF2 prism, a gold-silver alloy (Au10Ag90), different protective top layers, and water as a sensing medium (SM). Our results show that a structure with CaF2 prism, Au10Ag90, and SM achieves a sensitivity of 280⁰/RIU. The addition of different cover layers to this structure such as graphene, SiO2, BaTiO3, Fe2O3, and Al2O3 improves the sensitivity to 300⁰/RIU, 340⁰/RIU, 340⁰/RIU, 360⁰/RIU, and 420⁰/RIU, respectively. Finally, we conclude that the structure with Al2O3 has the best simulation results in terms of sensitivity of 420⁰/RIU, then Figure of Merit (FoM) of 83.83/RIU, and Quality Factor (QF) of 176.05/RIU. We also discuss the experimental feasibility of this work. The proposed biosensors can be used in different biological sensing applications and specifically, in the detection of cancer bio-markers in body fluids.

Polyoxometalate @ carbon spheres composite reinforced hollow fiber for solid phase microextraction of some pyrethroids and their determination

A novel H3PW12O40@CS composite was prepared for the first time and utilized as a sorbent in the hollow fiber-solid phase microextraction (HF-SPME) method for the extraction of deltamethrin and cypermethrin (as a class of synthetic insecticides) from real samples using HPLC-UV. The presence of oxygen functional groups on the H3PW12O40, enhanced the interactions with selected analytes. The synergistic effect between H3PW12O40 as a sorbent and CS as a substrate with high-surface area significantly increased the extraction efficiency. The proposed method, can offer simultaneous extraction, purification and preconcentration in one step. Regarding, the clean-up ability of HF, only initial dilution with water is required before the extraction process. Also, the figures of merit were calculated at optimal conditions. Based on the results, linear dynamic range was 5 × 10−4– 0.5 µg mL−1 while, the R2 exceeded 0.9927. Also, limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs) were 1.9 × 10−4–2.1 × 10−4 µg mL−1, and 5.7 × 10−4– 6.3 × 10−4 µg mL−1, respectively. The inter-day and intra-day relative standard deviation (RSD%) were calculated in the concentration of 5 × 10−4, 5 × 10−3 and 5 × 10−2 µg mL−1, which ranged in 3.40 % − 5.80 %. Finally, HF-SPME method was used for determination of target analytes in celery, cabbage and zucchini juices. Therefore, prepared method has advantages such as an inexpensive, simple and environmentally friendly synthesis, fast operation, low LOD and wide linear dynamic range.

Probing the structural, magneto-electronic, thermophysical, and thermoelectric properties of vanadium-based V2MnZ (Z = As, Ga) Heusler alloy: a computational assessment

The structural, magneto-electronic, thermophysical and thermoelectric properties of vanadium-based V2MnZ (Z = As, Ga) alloys have been investigated using density functional theory simulation scheme and semiclassical Boltzmann transport methods. First of all, the structural characterization has been performed in ferromagnetic and non-magnetic states which signifies that both the alloys crystallized in C1b type structure with space group F-43m. We also computed the various thermodynamical parameters such as heat capacity (Cv), Debye temperature (θ D), and grüneisen parameter (γ) of these materials, with the help of quasi-harmonic approximation (QHA) at pressures ranging from 0 to 20 GPa and temperatures ranging from 0 to 900 K. We have used the Boltzmann transport theory with the constant relaxation approximation as a basis for calculating various thermoelectric coefficients such as the Seebeck coefficient, power factor, total thermal conductivity and figure of merit. The efficient half-metallicity and thermoelectric responses contribute to spintronics and green energy harvesting technology.

A 12-bit 2.5-bit/phase two-stage cyclic ADC with phase scaling and low-power Sub-ADC for CMOS image sensor

This paper proposed a 12-bit 2.5-bit/phase two-stage cyclic Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) with phase scaling and low-power Sub-ADC for CMOS image sensors. The phase scaling technique reduces the performance requirements of operational amplifiers for the cyclic ADC. Furthermore, the Sub-ADC architecture based on tri-state comparators reduces the power consumption of the Sub-ADC. The implemented cyclic ADC is designed with 110 nm process. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed 12-bit, 1 MS/s, 2.5-bit/phase, two-stage cyclic ADC achieves an effective number of bits (ENOB) of 11.4-bit with a power consumption of 0.185 mW per column. Compared with the traditional fixed phase structure, the power consumption of the phase scaling structure is reduced by 22.3 %. Additionally, the cyclic ADC attains a Figure of Merit (FoM) of 68.5fJ/step.

Ultra-narrow dual-band perfect absorber based on double-slotted silicon nanodisk arrays

Due to its unique advantage of optical properties, nanophotonic metamaterials have gained extensive applications in perfect absorbers. However, achieving both dual-band and ultra-narrow linewidth in absorbers simultaneously remains a challenge for typical metal-dielectric based metamaterials. In this work, a dual-band ultra-narrow perfect absorber consisting of a double slotted silicon nanodisk array that located on a silver film with a silica spacer layer is proposed theoretically. By combining the hybrid mode excited by the coupling of diffraction wave mode and magnetic dipole mode with the anapole–anapole interaction, two absorption peaks can be induced in the near-infrared regime, achieving nearly perfect absorbance of 99.31% and 99.61%, with ultra-narrow linewidths of 1.92 nm and 1.25 nm respectively. In addition, the dual-band absorption characteristics can be regulated by changing the structural parameters of the as-proposed metamaterials. The as-designed metamaterials can be employed as efficient two-channel refractive index sensors, with sensitivity and figure of merit (FOM) of 288 nm RIU−1 and 150 RIU−1 for the first band, and sensitivity and FOM of up to 204 nm RIU−1 and 163.2 RIU−1 for the second band. This work not only opens up a new design idea for the realization of dual-band perfect absorber synchronously with ultra-narrow linewidth, but also provides potential attractive candidates for developing dual-frequency channel sensors.

Adaptivity of a leaf-inspired wind energy harvester with respect to wind speed and direction

Environmental wind is a random phenomenon in both speed and direction, though it can be forecasted to some extent. An example of that is a gust which is an abrupt, but short-time change in wind speed and direction. Being a free and clean source for small-scale energy scavenging, attraction of wind is rapidly growing in the world of energy harvesters. In this paper, a leaf-like flapping wind energy harvester is introduced as the base structure in which a short-span airfoil is attached to the free end of a double-deck cantilever beam. A flap mechanism inspired by scales on sharks’ skin and a tail mechanism inspired by birds’ horizontal tail are proposed for integration to the base harvester to make it adaptive with respect to wind speed and direction, respectively. The use of the flap mechanism increases the leaf flapping frequency by +2.1 to +11.5 Hz at wind speeds of 1.5 to 6.0 m s−1. Therefore, since the output power of a vibrational harvester is a function of vibration frequency, a figure of merit or an efficiency parameter related to the output power will increase, as well. On the other hand, if there is a misalignment between the harvester’s heading and wind direction due to change of the latter one, the harvesting performance deteriorates. Although the base harvester can realign in certain ranges of sideslip angle at each wind speed, when the tail mechanism is integrated into that, it broadens the range of realignable sideslip angles at all the investigated wind speeds by up to 80 ∘ .

Investigation on the electrical and thermal properties of Cr-doped FeSe2 alloys

FeSe2 is a p-type semiconductor with a narrow band gap, which can be considered a potential thermoelectric material. Herin, the electrical and thermal properties of Cr-doped FeSe2, Fe1-xCrxSe2 (x = 0, 0.03, 0.06, and 0.09), polycrystalline alloys are investigated. All compositions show single-phase marcasite structures of FeSe2 with gradual decreases in lattice parameters with Cr doping x. With increasing x, the electrical conductivity gradually increases from 13 (x = 0) to 46 S/cm (x = 0.09), owing to a large increase in carrier concentration originated from the substitution of Cr2+ and Cr3+ at the Fe site. However, the magnitude of Seebeck coefficient decreases considerably at 300 K, resulting in decrease in power factor. In addition, the density-of-state effective mass decreases significantly from 6.0 m0–1.04 m0. At 700 K, the decrease in Seebeck coefficient is less severe. Although the total and lattice thermal conductivity decrease at all temperatures owing to additional phonon scattering of the extrinsic Cr ions, a thermoelectric figure of merit, zT, generally decreases compared to that of the pristine sample due to power factor decrease at 300 K. Meanwhile, a slight increase of zT to 0.11 is observed for x = 0.06 at 700 K.

A Charge Plasma Based Dual Buried Gates Power MOSFET with Improved Figure of Merits

A Charge Plasma Based Dual Buried Gates Power MOSFET with Improved Figure of Merits

Combining PDMS Composite and Plasmonic Solid Chemosensors: Dual Determination of Ammonium and Hydrogen Sulfide as Biomarkers in a Saliva Single Test

In recent years, in the field of bioanalysis, the use of saliva as a biological fluid for the determination of biomarkers has been proposed. Saliva analysis stands out for its simplicity and non-invasive sampling. This paper proposes a method for the dual determination of ammonium and hydrogen sulfur in saliva using two colorimetric chemosensors. The ammonia reacts with 1,2-Naftoquinone 4 sulphonic acid (NQS) entrapped in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and the hydrogen sulfide with AgNPs retained in a nylon membrane. The color changed from orange to brown in the case of ammonia chemosensors and from yellow to brown in the H2S. The experimental conditions to be tested have been established. Both analytes have been determined from their gaseous form; these are ammonia from ammonium and hydrogen sulfur from hydrogen sulfur. Good figures of merit have been obtained by using both measuring strategies (reflectance diffuse and digitalized images). The acquired results show that both sensors can be used and provide good selectivity and sensitivity for the determination of these biomarkers in saliva. Both measurement strategies have provided satisfactory results for the real saliva samples (n = 15). Recoveries on spiked samples were between 70 and 100%. This methodology can lead to possible in situ diagnosis and monitoring of certain diseases and pathologies related with NH4+ and/or H2S, in a fast, simple, cheap and non-invasive way.

Synergistic modulation of SLME and thermal transport toward promising p‐type lead‐free halide semiconductors In2TiX6 (X = Br, I) via first principles analysis

AbstractLead halide perovskites have been replaced by the environmentally acceptable and effective lead‐free double perovskite material. Double perovskites are innovative compounds for sustainable energy and budding substitutes to organic as well as lead‐based solar cells. In the current study, it has been expounded on the structural, electronic, thermoelectric, as well as thermodynamic characteristics of newly designed double perovskites In2TiX6 (X = Br, I) by means of ab‐initio computations relied on the FP‐LAPW tactics and semi‐classical Boltzmann transport theory with PBE‐GGA as exchange correlation potential. To obtain accurate value of band gaps (1.294 eV and 1.025 eV), TB‐mBJ approximation has been used along with PBE‐GGA. The best combinations of both compounds have spectroscopic limited maximum efficiency (SLME) values 33.96% and 31.63%, that are appropriate for solar cell absorbers, at 300 K, respectively. We have also computed Debye temperature and Grüneisen parameter to find the lattice thermal conductivity for both the investigated alloys. Thermoelectric properties have been labeled by Seebeck coefficient, electrical as well as thermal conductivities, and figure of merit. The peak values of Seebeck coefficient of 248 μV/K and 202 μV/K are observed for In2TiBr6 and In2TiI6 respectively in the p‐type regions. Attained results illustrates that the investigated In2TiX6 may be contender in thermoelectric due to their high figure of merit in low as moderate temperatures. Our results suggest that these materials are viable for use in thermoelectric devices.

Novel vacancy-ordered RbKGeCl6 and RbKGeBr6 double perovskites for optoelectronic and thermoelectric applications: an ab-initio DFT study

The present study examines the key characteristics of new vacancy-ordered halide double perovskites, RbKGeCl6 and RbKGeBr6, encompassing the elastic, structural, mechanical, optoelectronic, and thermoelectric properties. The Density Functional Theory (DFT) was employed to perform the calculation of the properties, facilitating the evaluation of their potential applications in optoelectronic and thermoelectric devices. The DFT calculation was conducted using the Quantum Espresso package alongside the thermo_pw tool and the BoltzTraP codes. The results revealed that the two proposed compounds possess both chemical and mechanical stability with optimized lattice constants recorded at 10.14 Å and 10.72 Å for RbKGeCl6 and RbKGeBr6, respectively. The evaluation of the elastic properties of the materials suggested reasonably high mechanical moduli of the materials. Based on the calculated electronic properties, the materials are classified as direct gap semiconductors, with energy gap values of 2.11 eV for RbKGeCl6 and 0.80 eV for RbKGeBr6 using the GGA-PBE functional. Furthermore, the use of the SCAN approximation yields more reliable energy gap of 2.51 eV and 1.08 eV for the respective compounds. The materials exhibited a high absorption coefficient and a significantly low reflectivity within the visible-ultraviolet energy spectrum. These findings strongly suggest the promising properties of the materials under study for optoelectronic applications. Furthermore, the calculated thermoelectric properties of the materials, particularly the figure of merit, revealed the materials’ potential use as thermoelectric materials. The calculated figure of merit values of RbKGeCl6 and RbKGeBr6 were found to range from 0.73 to 0.75, respectively, between 300 K and 800 K. Despite being lower, these values are comparable to those of some well-established materials including SiGe alloys (0.95), Bi2Te3 (≈0.90), and PbTe (≈0.80).

Predicting the thermoelectric figure of merit in p-type BiSbTe-based alloys using artificial neural network modeling

The polycrystalline Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 compound has drawn promising thermoelectric material over the decades with a figure of merit (zT) close to unity and numerous experiments have been conducted through a trial-and-error approach to further improve their zT by tuning the chemical composition and processing approaches. Despite a lot of studies available on BiSbTe alloys, choosing the right combination of alloy system with high zT is still a challenging task. Herein, we produced a p-type Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 alloy through casting followed by high-energy milling to enhance the zT via reducing thermal conductivity. The experimental results revealed that a peak zT of 0.95 was achieved at 300 K due to a substantial reduction in thermal conductivity via enhanced carrier/phonon scattering at refined grain boundaries. In addition to the current scenario, the machine learning (ML) assisted artificial neural network (ANN) modeling was performed to predict the zT value by applying the composition, electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, thermal conductivity, and temperature as the input parameters. The predicted zT by ANN modeling shows excellent accuracy with experimental findings about an average absolute error of 9.34 %. Therefore, the developed ANN modeling shows a protocol for composition-based prediction of zT with reduced experimental costs, time consumption, and excellent accuracy in terms of the theoretical and experimental databases.

Experimental and Numerical Investigation for Hydrothermal Performance of the Jet Impingement Microchannel Heat Sink

Abstract This study experimentally investigated the hydrothermal and overall performance of the microchannel heat sink incorporating the jet impingement technique. Later on, a numerical model is developed using the finite volume-based tool fluent of the commercial software ansys and validated with the experimental results. Improvement in the cooling performance for the fluid impinging normal to the surface is observed in comparison to the parallel flow of fluid in the microchannel. Similarly, variation in the jet impingement microchannel heat sink performance for the single-jet and multijet is also explored. Hydraulic and thermal characteristic parameters such as pressure drop, average heat transfer coefficient, maximum wall temperature, and figure of merit are evaluated for the analysis. Multijet impingement flow exhibited superior heat transfer with respect to the parallel flow and single impingement flow but offered remarkably higher pressure drop. However, the Figure of Merit value is superior for the multijet impingement flow technique with 5 number of jet nozzles. In addition, increasing as well as decreasing the number of jets from 5 jet nozzles for the same mass flowrate diminishes the overall performance of the jet impingement microchannel heat sink.

Scrutinizing transport phenomena and recombination mechanisms in thin film Sb2S3 solar cells

The Schockley–Quisser (SQ) limit of 28.64% is distant from the Sb2S3 solar cells’ record power conversion efficiency (PCE), which is 8.00%. Such poor efficiency is mostly owing to substantial interface-induced recombination losses caused by defects at the interfaces and misaligned energy levels. The endeavor of this study is to investigate an efficient Sb2S3 solar cell structure via accurate analytical modeling. The proposed model considers different recombination mechanisms such as non-radiative recombination, Sb2S3/CdS interface recombination, Auger, SRH, tunneling-enhanced recombination, and their combined impact on solar cell performance. This model is verified against experimental work (Glass/ITO/CdS/Sb2S3/Au) where a good coincidence is achieved. Several parameters effects such as thickness, doping, electronic affinity, and bandgap are scrutinized. The effect of both bulk traps located in CdS and Sb2S3 on the electrical outputs of the solar cell is analyzed thoroughly. Besides, a deep insight into the effect of interfacial traps on solar cell figures of merits is gained through shedding light into their relation with carriers’ minority lifetime, diffusion length, and surface recombination velocity. Our research findings illuminate that the primary contributors to Sb2S3 degradation are interfacial traps and series resistance. Furthermore, achieving optimal band alignment by fine-tuning the electron affinity of CdS to create a Spike-like conformation is crucial for enhancing the immunity of the device versus the interfacial traps. In our study, the optimized solar cell configuration (Glass/ITO/CdS/Sb2S3/Au) demonstrates remarkable performance, including a high short-circuit current (JSC) of 47.9 mA/cm2, an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.16 V, a fill factor (FF) of 54%, and a notable improvement in conversion efficiency by approximately 30% compared to conventional solar cells. Beyond its superior performance, the optimized Sb2S3 solar cell also exhibits enhanced reliability in mitigating interfacial traps at the CdS/Sb2S3 junction. This improved reliability can be attributed to our precise control of band alignment and the fine-tuning of influencing parameters.

Residual Stress Mitigation in Perovskite Solar Cells via Butterfly-Inspired Hierarchical PbI2 Scaffold.

Residual stress in metal halide perovskite films intimately affects the photovoltaic figure of merit and longevity of perovskite solar cells. A delicate management of the crystallization kinetics is critical to the preparation of high-quality perovskite films. Only very limited methods, however, are available to regulate the residual stress of a perovskite film in a controllable manner, particularly for a perovskite film fabricated by a two-step method. Here, we demonstrate the construction of a hierarchical PbI2 scaffold inspired by Archaeoprepona demophon butterfly by combining an interlayer guided growth of porous structure and nanoimprinting. The hierarchically structured PbI2 that emulates the physical structure of the butterfly wing scale permits unimpeded permeation of organic amine salts and sufficient space for volume expansion during the crystallization process, accompanied by preferential perovskite growth of a defectless (001) crystal plane. The optimized perovskite film outperforms the control with reduced residual stress and defect density. Consequently, perovskite solar cells with a respectable power conversion efficiency reaching 23.4% (certified 23%) and an impressive open-circuit voltage of 1.184 V can be achieved. The target device can maintain 80% of initial efficiency after maximum power point tracking under illumination for 700 h. This work expands the range of engineering toward PbI2 by exploring a simultaneously tailored morphology and crystallinity and highlights the significance of a hierarchical PbI2 scaffold as an alternative choice to mitigate residual stress in a two-step processed perovskite active layer and boost the longevity of perovskite solar cells.

Enhancement of thermoelectric performance by stacking fault control in (GeTe)1-x(Bi2Te3)x compounds, synthesized by hot press sintering method

We investigated the thermoelectric (TE) properties of GeTe by incorporating Bi2Te3 in the GeTe system. The addition of Bi2Te3 into the GeTe matrix leads to phonon scattering caused by stacking fault or structural defect, resulting in a substantial reduction in lattice thermal conductivity κlat. We observed a significant decrease in total thermal conductivities in the vertical and horizontal pressing directions, respectively. The optimized carrier properties and low thermal conductivity in the composites have led to a remarkable improvement in the dimensionless figure of merit (zT) 1.26 at 650 K. This study highlights the potential for creating high-performance thermoelectric materials through GeTe-Bi2Te3 compounds, emphasizing the importance of defect engineering and stacking faults in reducing thermal conductivity and improving thermoelectric efficiency.

Design of a high-resolution magneto-plasmonic biosensor for analyte detection

This paper introduces the design of a magneto-plasmonic refractometric sensor aimed at achieving high resolution. This sensor consists of arrays of gold nanowires and layers of SiO2 and Co6Ag94, where the analyte is placed on the gold nanowires. A p-polarized optical field with a wavelength of 631 nm is used to excite the structure, which is applied in the range of 1° to 45°. A magnetic field is applied to z-axis to create the magneto-optical effect. The reflected optical field of the samples is used to calculate the signal of the transverse magneto-optical Kerr effect, which shows significant changes in the refractive index of the samples and the direction of the magnetic field. The highest displacement is 4°. The highest value of the figure of merit is 3611 RIU−1, and the maximum sensitivity is obtained as 71 °/RIU.