Field Pea Genotypes Research Articles

Morphological Characterization of Field Pea (Pisum sativum L) Genotypes for Yield and its Atributting Traits

Forty-eight field pea genotypes were evaluated in the Kharif season (2021-2023) at Tirhut College of Agriculture, Dholi, Dr. RPCAU, Bihar. The objective of this experiment was to identify stable and high yielding field pea genotypesthrough their overall mean values. The study was conducted using randomized block design with three replications. Observations were taken for 14 quantitative characters that included 35 crosses obtained through line x tester mating design, their parents and one check. The general mean of almost all the characters studied has performed to be higher than the check (Rachana) except for number of secondary branches, days to maturity, pod length, number of seeds per pod, number of pods per plant and number of nodules per plant. Among the parents HUPT 1810, PANT P 462 and within the crosses IPFD 19- 9 X IPF 18-7, RFPG 111 X IPF 18-7 and KPF 14-29 X IPF-18-7 showed better results for yield based on the mean performance, indicating that these genotypes can be used for breeding to produce superior genotypes in the region.

Salinity-Induced Physiological Changes in Pea (Pisum sativum L.): Germination Rate, Biomass Accumulation, Relative Water Content, Seedling Vigor and Salt Tolerance Index.

Salinity affects and limits the yield potential of pulse crops. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the salinity-induced physiological response of field peas by estimating the germination rate (%), accumulation of biomass, relative water content, and seedling vigor and salt tolerance index. The treatments included four salinity levels (NaCl) (i.e., 0 (control), 8, 12, and 16 dS m-1, respectively) and eight field pea genotypes (i.e., BD4175, BD4182, BD4225, BD6944, BD4176, BD4193, BD4493, and BD4496). All treatments were arranged in a factorial completely randomized design and repeated four times. Results indicated that the percentage and rate of germination, percentage reduction of fresh and dry weight, relative water content, seedling vigor index, and salt tolerant index of all genotypes of field peas were influenced significantly by the different levels of salinity. The radicle and plumule of all field pea genotypes were damaged by applying 12 and 16 dS m-1 salt stress. However, among these eight pea genotypes, two genotypes, namely BD4175 and BD4225, performed better under the 8 dS m-1 level of salinity and these two genotypes may be recommended for cultivation in field conditions of saline coastal areas of Bangladesh, and can also be used in future breeding programs for the development of salt-tolerant pea cultivars.

Response of field pea genotypes to the infestation of Adzuki bean beetle (Callosobruchus chinensis L.) under different soil fertility regimes and locations in Ethiopia

Response of field pea genotypes to the infestation of Adzuki bean beetle (Callosobruchus chinensis L.) under different soil fertility regimes and locations in Ethiopia

Genetic Variability in Quantitative Traits of Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Genotypes at Bekoji District, Ethiopia

For resource-poor Ethiopian farmers, field pea (Pisum sativum L.) is the main source of protein. To increase the productivity of the crop and support farmers, the development of yield and disease-resistant varieties is an important activity. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine genetic variability and associated agronomic traits among field pea genotypes. A total of 49 field pea genotypes were evaluated at Bekoji in 2020 using a simple lattice design. Analyses of variance were performed on the morpho-agronomic data collected. Most traits were significantly different among genotypes, except pod per plant, pod length, and seed per pod. Variations in genotypes for grain yield ranged from 412 to 4498 kg ha-1. EH 010011-3, EH 05048-5, and EK 08017-3 were the genotypes with the most yield advantage over Bursa (3714.0 kg ha -1), with yield advantages of 21.11, 1.13, and 1.19%, respectively, over the highest yielding check variety. Genotype EH 010011-3 showed the highest mean grain yield of 4498 kg/ha. Phenotypic coefficients of variation ranged from 2.33% for days to maturity to 29.40% for thousand seed weights, whereas genotypic coefficients of variation ranged from 2.20% to 24.31% for days to maturity. In general, the estimated broad sense heritability ranged from 63.85% for harvest index to 89.21% for days to maturity. The genetic advance as a percentage of mean ranged from 4.28% for days to maturity to 42.16% for grain yield. The study showed that field pea genotypes exhibit reasonable genetic variation, which could be used to develop breeding programs.

Biplot Analysis of Field Pea Genotypes by Environment Interaction and Yield Stability across Eight Environments in Arsi Zone

Plant breeding, agronomy, and genetic studies involving interactions between G x E heavily use the GGE biplot tool for data visualization. This study aims to identify robust genotypes with high yields across different environments and suitable environments based on biplot analysis. Fourteen field pea (Pisum sativum L.) advanced genotypes were evaluated at Arsi zone for two years (2014-2015) main cropping season across eight environments using randomized complete block design with four replications. There was a significant difference (P<0.001) in grain yield based on genotype, year, location, and the interaction of (G x L, Y x G). In this study, genotypes responded differently to different environments and at different times of the year. There was a range between 3509 kg/ha (G6) and 2809.5 kg/ha (G12) for the highest and the lowest mean grain yields. According to the mean and stability view of the GGE biplot, G6 followed by G1 was the most productive genotype in all environments except E5 and E6, while G5, G12, and G9 were the least productive. Based on the polygon view, five sectors were formed, and genotypes G13, G8, G6, G3, and G5 won. The G6 was an ideal choice in terms of mean yield and stability (high mean yield and adaptable). It was considered desirable to have genotypes G1, G4, and G3 closest to an ideal genotype. In most environments, G6 is a more adaptable genotype than any other genotype, making it a more suitable genotype for commercial production.

Application of Stress Indices to Identify Terminal Heat Tolerance Genotype in Field Pea (Pisum sativum var. arvense)

Background: The exposure of field pea crop to high-temperature stress during the anthesis and pod development stage led to poor pollination, development of shriveled pods and poor performance that results in reduced seed yield. The study aims to screen and identify heat-tolerant genotypes based on stress tolerance indices. One hundred forty-three field pea genotypes, including three checks evaluated in augmented block design for seed yield per plant under normal and late sown conditions to identify terminal heat-tolerant genotypes of field pea. Methods: Stress indices were computed based on seed yield per plant under normal (Yp) and late (Ys) sown conditions. The stress indices for seed yield are calculated as per the suggested method i.e. tolerance index (Hossain et al., 1990), heat susceptibility index (Fischer and Maurer, 1978), yield stability index (Bouslama and Schapaugh, 1984), mean productivity (Hossain et al., 1990), geometric mean productivity (Fernandez, 1992), stress tolerance index (Fernandez, 1992). Correlation coefficient and principal component analysis were done by using R (version 4.1.1) statistical software. Result: Correlation coefficient analysis reveals that seed yield under stress conditions was positively correlated with the indices viz., MP, GMP, STI and YSI whereas, it was negatively correlated with HSI, signifying that higher estimates of MP, GMP, STI and YSI and lower of HSI correspond to heat tolerance. The seed yield under both environments had a positive and significant association with MP, GMP and STI. Genotypes viz., EC-341743, P-1679, P-1384-3, P-179 and P-781 were found with high indices scores and showing their suitability for the breeding program for heat tolerance. The first two principal components (PCs) accounted for 97.46% of the total variation present in the genotype.

Effect of Variable Seed Rates on Crop Growth Rate (CGR) and Seed Yield of different Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Genotypes at New Alluvial Zone of West Bengal

Effect of Variable Seed Rates on Crop Growth Rate (CGR) and Seed Yield of different Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Genotypes at New Alluvial Zone of West Bengal

Characterizing plant trait(s) for improved heat tolerance in field pea (Pisum sativum L.) under subtropical climate.

Field pea is highly sensitive to climatic vagaries, particularly high-temperature stress. The crop often experiences terminal heat stress in tropical climates indicating the need for the development of heat-tolerant cultivars. Characterization and identification of stress-adaptive plant traits are pre-requisites for breeding stress-tolerant/adaptive cultivar(s). In the study, a panel of 150 diverse field pea genotypes was tested under three different temperature environments (i.e., normal sowing time or non-heat stress environment (NSTE), 15days after normal sowing time or heat stress environment-I (LSHTE-I), and 30days after normal sowing time or heat stress environment-II (LSHTE-II)) to verify the effect of high-temperature environment, genotype, and genotype × environment interaction on different plant traits and to elucidate their significance in heat stress adaptation/tolerance. The delayed sowing had exposed field pea crops to high temperatures during flowering stage by + 3.5°C and + 8.1°C in the LSHTE-I and LSHTE-II, respectively. Likewise, the maximum ambient temperature during the grain-filling period was + 3.3°C and + 6.1°C higher in the LSHTE-I and LSHTE-II over the NSTE. The grain yield loss with heat stress was 25.8 ± 2.2% in LSHTE-I, and 59.3 ± 1.5% in LSHTE-II compared to the NSTE. Exposure of crops to a high-temperature environment during the flowering stage had a higher impact on grain yield than the heat stress at the grain filling period. Results suggested that the reduced sink capacity (pod set (pod plant-1), seed set (seed pod-1)) was the primary cause of yield loss under the heat stress environments, while, under the NSTE, yield potential was mostly attributed to the source capacity (plant biomass). The high-temperature stress resulted in forced maturity as revealed by shrinkage in crop period (5-11%) and reproductive period (15-36%), prominently in long-duration genotypes. The failure of pod set in the upper nodes and higher ovule abortion (7-16%) was noticed under the high-temperature environments, particularly in the LSHTE-II. Multivariate analysis results revealed seed set, pods plant-1, last pod bearing node, and plant biomass as a critical yield determinant under the heat stress. The GGE biplot suggested that the genotypes G-112, G-114, and G-33 had higher potential to sustain yield coupled with higher stability across the environments and, thus, could serve as a source for breeding heat-tolerant high yielding cultivars.

Determination of the Seed Yield and Quality Characteristics of Some Advanced-Generation Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Lines

This study was conducted to determine the seed yield, yield components, and seed quality values of some field pea genotypes grown under Bursa conditions. The trials were carried out at Bursa Uludag University, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Research and Application Center in the years 2013-2014 and 2015-2016. The present study was conducted with three replications according to the randomized complete block design. The 7 pea lines (PS1, PS2, PS3, PS4, PS5, PS6, PS7) and Golyazi cultivar were used as the plant material. These lines were obtained as a result of the hybridization studies that were started in 2007. The Golyazi cultivar, which was developed by Bursa Uludag University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops, was used as the control cultivar. In this study, plant height, the number of pods per plant, the number of seeds per pod, the number of seeds per plant, 1000-seed weight, seed yield, crude protein ratio, and crude protein yield were determined. PS1 line gave the highest values in terms of 1000-seed weight (288.7 kg da-1) seed yield (333.63 kg da-1), and crude protein yield (61.91 kg da-1) based on two-year results. It was also determined that the PS1 line is a good cultivar candidate especially, in terms of seed yield.

Registration of Mieso, a Newly Released Field Pea (<i>Pisum sativum</i>) Varieties for Highlands of Bale, Southeast Ethiopia

Field pea (<i>Pisum sativum</i> L.) variety named Mieso with the pedigree designation of Acc 32003-2 has been officially released by Sinana Agricultural Research Center in 2021. The variety is best adapted to altitudes ranging between 2300 to 2600 meters above sea level in the country. Mieso variety evaluated along sixteen Field pea genotypes including the standard check “Harena and T/Shenene” under a regional variety trial for three years (2016 to 2018) at Sinana, Sinja and Agarfa districts. Promising genotype, “ACC32003-2” were selected and promoted to variety verification trail with the standard check during the 2020/21 cropping season. Finally, the National Variety Release Technical Committee decided “ACC32003-2” genotype for release. This Field pea variety showed superior performance particularly in terms of productivity and resistance/ tolerance level to disease across the years and locations. The released variety out-yielded the other tested Field pea genotypes on both research plots and farmers’ fields. Based on most stability parameters, Mieso showed relatively better grain yield performance (3570kg/ha) and stability across a range of environments and years than the standard checks (Harena and Tulu Shenene) and could be cultivated across a number of locations in the highlands of Bale and other similar agro-ecologies for increasing productivity of the crop.

Genetic Diversity Studies in Field Pea (Pisum sativum var. arvense L.) Germplasm

The present study entitled “Genetic diversity Studies in Field Pea Germplasm (Pisum sativum var. arvense L.)” was carried out to estimate the genetic variability for yield and yield contributing traits, study the relationship between yield and yield attributing traits on seed yield and its component traits and to assess direct and indirect of yield attributing traits on seed yield. The experimental material was consisting of 41 Field Pea genotypes. The experiment was laid out in Randomized complete block design with three replications. The observations were recorded on five randomly selected plants from each treatment and replication for 12 different quantitative traits Days to 50% flowering, Days to 50% pod setting, Plant height (cm), Number of branches per plant, Number of Pods per plant, Number of seeds per pod, Pod length (cm) days to maturity, biological yield (gm), Harvest Index, Seed Index (gm), Seed yield per plant (gm). Based on the mean performance, high seed yield per plant were identified for the genotype zimndal (11.59) followed by Matar-23 (10.76). The higher phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variations were observed for number of primary branches per plant (33.92 &amp; 24.56), seed yield per plant (29.84 &amp; 25.67) and number of seeds per pod (28.61 &amp; 22.64). High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean was observed for plant height (84.43 &amp; 40.55), days to 50% flowering (77.30 &amp; 34.92) and pod length (71.55 &amp; 32.55). Based on Mahalanobis D2 values 41 genotypes grouped into 8 clusters. Among 8 clusters cluster I had more number of genotypes (25) followed by cluster II (8 genotypes), cluster VIII (3 genotypes). The maximum intra cluster distance was observed in cluster VIII (10.26) followed by cluster II (8.59) and cluster I (7.72). The highest inter cluster distance observed between cluster I and cluster VI (24.07) followed by cluster I and cluster IV (22.25), cluster I and cluster III (21.41). Therefore, genotypes present in these clusters may be used as parents to produce the transgressive segregants. The cluster IV (12.57) had significant and higher cluster mean for seed yield per plant. The trait number of primary branches per plant (25.12%) had maximum contribution towards to genetic divergence followed by harvest index (21.95%), biological yield per plant (19.39%), seed yield per plant (19.15%).

Assessment of Genetic Variability and Relationship between Different Quantitative Traits in Field Pea (Pisum sativum var. arvense) Germplasm

Background: Assessment of genetic variability and inter-relationship between the characters can be used in the breeding programme to evolve new varieties with wide genetic diversity to maximize the yield potential in crop improvement programmes. Eighty-four field pea genotypes were evaluated in an augmented block design for thirteen quantitative traits to study variance components, heritability, genetic advance and inter-relationship between the yield and yield contributing traits. Methods: The extent of phenotypic and genotypic variation that exist in a character was calculated by the formula suggested by Burton and de Vane (1953). Heritability in broad sense and genetic advance as per cent of mean for each character was computed using the formula suggested by Hanson et al. (1956) and Johnson et al. (1955), respectively. Correlation coefficient was calculated by method suggested by Searle (1961) and path coefficient analysis done as per method of Wright (1921) and elaborated by Dewey and Lu (1959).Result: Significant differences observed among the genotypes tested for the yield characters indicated the presence of variability. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean was observed for the traits viz., plant height, effective pods plant-1, harvest index and seed yield plant-1 were governed by additive gene effects which will aid in effective selection. Correlation coefficient analysis revealed that seed yield plant-1 had highly significant and positive correlation with biological yield plant-1, effective pods plant-1, harvest index, seeds pods-1 and effective nodes plant-1, indicating that these traits are strongly associated with seed yield in field pea. Path coefficient analysis identified biological yield plant-1 followed by harvest index, seed pod-1, effective nodes plant-1, 100-seed weight and day to 50% flowering as highly desirable components with great direct effects on seed yield.

Development of extra early field pea genotypes using inter-specific hybridization

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Untangling the Influence of Heat Stress on Crop Phenology, Seed Set, Seed Weight, and Germination in Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.).

The apparent climatic extremes affect the growth and developmental process of cool-season grain legumes, especially the high-temperature stress. The present study aimed to investigate the impacts of high-temperature stress on crop phenology, seed set, and seed quality parameters, which are still uncertain in tropical environments. Therefore, a panel of 150 field pea genotypes, grouped as early (n = 88) and late (n = 62) maturing, were exposed to high-temperature environments following staggered sowing [normal sowing time or non-heat stress environment (NHSE); moderately late sowing (15 days after normal sowing) or heat stress environment-I (HSE-I); and very-late sowing (30 days after normal sowing) or HSE-II]. The average maximum temperature during flowering was about 22.5 ± 0.17°C for NHSE and increased to 25.9 ± 0.11°C and 30.6 ± 0.19°C in HSE-I and HSE-II, respectively. The average maximum temperature during the reproductive period (RP) (flowering to maturity) was in the order HSE-II (33.3 ± 0.03°C) > HSE-I (30.5 ± 0.10°C) > NHSE (27.3 ± 0.10°C). The high-temperature stress reduced the seed yield (24–60%) and seed germination (4–8%) with a prominent effect on long-duration genotypes. The maximum reduction in seed germination (>15%) was observed in HSE-II for genotypes with >115 days maturity duration, which was primarily attributed to higher ambient maximum temperature during the RP. Under HSEs, the reduction in the RP in early- and late-maturing genotypes was 13–23 and 18–33%, suggesting forced maturity for long-duration genotypes under late-sown conditions. The cumulative growing degree days at different crop stages had significant associations (p < 0.001) with seed germination in both early- and late-maturing genotypes; and the results further demonstrate that an extended vegetative period could enhance the 100-seed weight and seed germination. Reduction in seed set (7–14%) and 100-seed weight (6–16%) was observed under HSEs, particularly in HSE-II. The positive associations of 100-seed weight were observed with seed germination and germination rate in the late-maturing genotypes, whereas in early-maturing genotypes, a negative association was observed for 100-seed weight and germination rate. The GGE biplot analysis identified IPFD 11-5, Pant P-72, P-1544-1, and HUDP 11 as superior genotypes, as they possess an ability to produce more viable seeds under heat stress conditions. Such genotypes will be useful in developing field pea varieties for quality seed production under the high-temperature environments.

Genotypic and Phenotypic Correlation and Path Coefficient for Quantitative Traits in Field Pea (&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Pisum sativum&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; L.) Genotypes at Arsi Highland of Ethiopia

In Ethiopia, field pea (<i>Pisum sativum</i> L.) is the main source of protein for resource poor growers. The improvement of varieties for yield and disease resistance is one of the important activities to support farmers and improve the productivity of the crop. Consequently, this study was showed to evaluate the genotypic correlations, phenotypic correlations and path coefficient analysis between the field pea genotypes for yield and yield associated traits. Forty-nine field pea genotypes were evaluated in simple lattice design at two locations Bekoji and Asasa in 2018/2019 cropping time of year. Grain yield per plot had positive and highly significant genotypic association through plant height whereas highly significant phenotypic correlation observed between grain yield and plant height and biomass yield. At Bekoji genotypic path analysis, days to 50% flowering, plant height, grain filling period, thousand seed weight, harvest index and total biomass showed strong positive direct effect on grain yield per plot. At Asasa the path analysis for grain yield at genotypic level showed that harvest index, thousand seed weight, plant height, days to 50% flowering and days to 95% physiological maturity and total biomass yield exerted positive direct effect on grain yield per plot. Path coefficient analysis at genotypic levels of the combined data exhibited that days to 50% flowering and total biomass per plot had strong positive direct effect on grain yield per plot. The phenotypic path analysis of the combined data revealed total biomass yield, thousand seed weight, plant height and days to maturity has strong positive direct effect on grain yield per plot. The study showed the existence of reasonable genetic variability between the field pea genotypes that can be exploited in breeding programs.

Effects of drought stress on germination and seedling growth of different field pea varieties

Germination and seedling growth of seven genotypes of field pea (Pisum sativum L.) were studied in PEG-6000 solution having osmotic potentials -0.1 and -0.2 MPa. A study was undertaken to evaluate the influence of different osmotic potentials (MPa) on seed germination percentage (GP) and mean germination time (MGT). Results show that the percentage of germination decreased with a decrease in osmotic potential, while mean germination time increased. Variety Javor is much more sensitive than the other varieties at all levels of osmotic stress. By contrast, the lowest sensitivity of germination and MGT was found in varieties Mraz and Trezor. Seed germination tests at -0.1 to -0.2 MPa have the potential to be used as tests in field pea. Osmotic stress exposure and its duration significantly affected the growth of seedlings (shoot and root) and the accumulation of biomass, while its effect was more prominent on the growth of the shoot than on root growth, which was also confirmed by the root tolerance index.

Genetic Variability and Associations of Yield and Yield Related Traits for Fieldpea (&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Pisum stivum L.&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;) Genotypes in Arsi Zone, Southeastern Ethiopia

Field pea is an important pulse crops in Ethiopia, however the production is reduced due to many constraints including limited availability of improved variety and traditional farming systems. Twenty five advanced field pea genotypes were evaluate for ten traits at three locations during 2015/16 main cropping season using RCBD with two replications. Thus the objectives of this study were to estimate genetic variability of the genotypes and to assess the associations of yield and yield related traits. The ANOVA result showed that significant variation among genotypes. Mean square from genotype by environment interaction showed that highly significant variation among the genotypes for all traits. The genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation ranged from 2.4 to 12.9 and 2.9 to 22 respectively. Heritability estimates and genetic advance as present of mean also ranged from 20% to 90% and from 2.2% to 25.8% respectively. Higher estimate of heritability recorded from days to 50% flowering and thousand seed weight. Grain yield showed a significant and negative genotypic association with plant height and stand count. Stand count, days to 50% flowering, thousands seed weight and powdery mildew have a negative direct effects on grain yield while plant height has appositive direct effect on grain yield. The first two principal components explained about 58.36% of the total variation among the genotypes. The first components explained about 38.97% of the total variation and mostly explained by stand count, powdery mildew and days to 50% flowering. So the research gives as clear information about the 25 field pea genotypes for future breeding strategy.

Study of mutation induced by Sodium Azide in field pea (Pisum sativum L.)

The present study was conducted to determine the effect of Sodium Azide's sensitivity (0.1%, 0.3% and 0.5%) on three genotypes of field pea viz., Makhyatmubi, Makuchabi, and Rachna. In M1 generation, a dose-dependent decrease was observed for seed germination, seedling height and plant survival. The pollen fertility showed a negative dependence on Sodium Azide's dose as evident from proportionate decrease in fertility with the mutagen's increasing concentration in all the three varieties. The loweest pollen fertility was noted in a Makuchabi (83.76%) at 0.5% Sodium Azide. The four types of chlorophyll mutation (chlorina, xantha, albina, and viridis) were screened from the M2 population. Chlorina type of mutation was induced with the highest frequency at all the concentrations regardless of the variety studied. The greater concentration of Sodium Azide was observed to induce an extensive range of chlorophyll mutation in all the genotypes. However, the overall spectrum of chlorophyll mutation induced in field pea was in the following order; chlorina &gt; viridis &gt; xantha &gt; albina. The magnitude of mutagenic effectiveness exposed a variety of response; it decreased with the increasing concentration of Sodium Azide on the varieties Makhyatmubi and Rachna, while on the other hand a rising trend of it was observed in the case of Makuchabi. Sodium Azide's efficiency for most of the treatment decreased with increase in the concentration in genotypes of Makhyatmubi and Rachna but for Makuchabi, it increased with the concentration in a decreasing trend.

Influence of Date of Sowing on Growth and Yield Performance of Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Genotypes

An experiment was carried out at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during October 2014 to March 2015 to study the growth and yield performance of field pea varieties as influenced by date of sowing. The experiment comprised of two factors namely, date of sowing and variety. Date of sowing comprised of 29 October, 13 November and 28 November and the variety comprised of BARI motor-1, BADC motor-1, Natore local and Narail local. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications. The results indicate that all the growth characters were varied significantly at different days after. Those growth characters except leaf area index were highest for the crop sown on 28 November. The growth characters were highest in variety Natore local and lowest in Narail local except dry matter it was lowest in BADC motor-1. The interaction effect of 28 November sowing, Natore local was highest for all of the growth parameters except leaf area index it was highest on 13 November sowing and the interaction on 29 October sowing BARI motor-1 gave the lowest value. Most of the yield contributing parameters significantly affected by sowing date. The highest seed yield (827.7 kg ha-1) and other yield contributing characters were found on early sowing (13 November) and the lowest seed yield (534 kg ha-1) and other yield contributing characters was at 28 November sowing. Variety had significant effect on yield and yield contributing parameters. The highest seed yield (1032.2 kg ha-1) and Stover yield (3221.35 kg ha-1) was obtained from Natore local while Narail local gave lowest (469.1 kg ha-1) seed yield and lowest Stover yield. The interaction of 13 November with Natore local gave the highest seed yield (1319.3 kg ha-1) and lowest seed yield was produced by Narail local (330.35 kg ha-1) by late sowing (28 November). It can be concluded that, vegetative growth were highest at 28 November sowing and yield components gave highest value on 13 November sowing. Highest yield was produced by Natore local at 13 November sowing but yield was reduced drastically when the crop sown on 28 November. So, it is clear that the optimum date of sowing for field pea is at 13 November.

Australian Uromyces viciae‐fabae: Host and nonhost interaction among cultivated grain legumes

AbstractUromyces viciae‐fabae, rust of faba bean, parasitizes other legume crops such as lentils (Lens culinaris) and field peas (Pisum sativum) in some environments. In this study we examined the host range of two Australian isolates of U. viciae‐fabae collected and purified from a faba bean crop and classified as U. viciae‐fabae ex V. faba. Field pea (P. sativum), chickpea (Cicer arientinum), lupin (Lupinus spp.), lentil (L. culinaris), and mung bean (Vigna radiata) genotypes were tested with these isolates, as well as resistant and susceptible genotypes of the faba bean host. Race specificity for these two pathogen isolates was observed on Vicia faba, with two faba bean genotypes showing partial resistance. Both U. viciae‐fabae isolates also colonized field pea seedlings and successfully produced uredinia under glasshouse conditions, despite this fungus not being known as a pathogen of Australian field pea crops. No sporulation of either isolate of U. viciae‐fabae ex V. faba was observed on any of the remaining legume species tested. However, obvious differences in fungal growth were observed, ranging from small infection sites with very rare haustorium formation in mung bean to more extensive growth and the development of potential uredinial structures in chickpea. These observations are discussed in relation to the phylogenetic relationship of these host and nonhost species.