Field Of Urban Mobility Research Articles

Інституційні та нормативно-правові аспекти регулювання сталої міської мобільності

The article is devoted to the analysis of the institutional and legal aspects of regulating sustainable urban mobility, which is an important element of modern urban policy. Sustainable urban mobility aims to create efficient, safe, and environmentally friendly transport systems that contribute to improving the quality of life of urban residents and ensuring sustainable urban development. The article examines key institutional aspects, including the role of government authorities at the national and local levels, mechanisms for coordination between various stakeholders, and financial institutions that support the development of transport projects. Legal aspects are considered in terms of the legislative framework and regulatory tools governing the transport system. The analysis includes laws and regulations that prioritize environmentally friendly types of transport, regulate emissions, ensure road safety, and set standards for public transport. The article also explores the implementation of innovative technologies in the field of urban mobility, such as electric vehicles, shared transport systems, and intelligent transport systems. The importance of regulatory support for the development of innovations, including standardization and certification of new technologies, is emphasized. Public involvement in the decision-making process is another important aspect discussed in the article. Mechanisms for holding public consultations, taking residents' opinions into account, and ensuring transparency in the implementation of sustainable mobility projects are highlighted. It can be concluded that institutional and legal aspects are crucial for the successful implementation of sustainable urban mobility. They provide the necessary foundation for a comprehensive approach to urban mobility management, coordination of actions by various stakeholders, and the creation of legal conditions for the development of environmentally friendly, safe, and efficient transport systems in cities. These measures contribute to improving the quality of life of citizens, reducing the negative impact of transport on the environment, and ensuring sustainable urban development.

ВЛИЯНИЕ БЕСПИЛОТНЫХ ТРАНСПОРТНЫХ СРЕДСТВ И СМЕЖНЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ НА СОЦИОПРИРОДОЭКОНОМИЧЕСКУЮ СРЕДУ ГОРОДА

The article examines the impact of unmanned vehicles and related technologies (electric vehicles, transport sharing systems, connected cars and "smart" road infrastructure) on the socio-economic system in the design and planning of the urban environment. The authors analyze key technological trends in the field of urban mobility, such as automation, transport sharing, electrification and connectivity of vehicles. The authors conclude that the technological shift in urban mobility opens up new opportunities for the sustainable development of the socio-economic system of cities, but requires combining advanced innovations with the principles of «new urbanism» and coordinated planning with the priority of pedestrian accessibility in urban planning policy.

Electric scooters: impact on mobility in the city

This article examines the impact of electric scooters on mobility in the city in terms of changing the time spent on transfer from home to work. To determine how much the time spent on transfer from home to work will change when changing the previously used vehicle (car, bus or metro) to an electric scooter, a comparative analysis of data was carried out in three designated groups. The results obtained make it possible to assess the level of influence of changing a previously used vehicle (car, bus or metro) to an electric scooter when transferring from home to work. The results of the study may be relevant for further research in the field of urban mobility, including through the introduction of such types of vehicles as electric scooters.

MODERN SOLUTIONS FOR URBAN PUBLIC COLLECTIVE TRANSPORT IN POLAND

The implementation of intelligent transport system solutions in cities provides passengers with better comfort and safety, moreover it considers the adaptation of vehicles to the needs of people with disabilities, the distribution of tickets as well as the broader infrastructure. The progressive digitization of transport services creates the opportunity to take use of the time spent traveling. Planning a smart city offering effective solutions in the field of urban mobility is one of the main problems of urban areas. The development of electromobility should contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing the share of alternative fuels in public transport. Through a system of incentives for residents to cycle and walk, local governments create their mobility. The aim of the study is to present current solutions in public transport used in Polish cities. The empirical material based on the survey allows for a comprehensive look at the development of urban public transport.

Towards an architectural framework for the design of a Cyber-Physical Urban Mobility System in Developing Countries

Cyber-physical oriented architectures are very recent approaches that aim at coupling physical system architectures with computer programs to facilitate the control and management of complex interactions. In the field of urban mobility, the context is marked by strong demographic growth and rapid urbanization of cities, making travel difficult. While mobility models (physical and informational) applied in industrialized countries help to control this problem while promoting continuous improvement, developing countries (DCs) are faced with a dilemma: directly transpose existing proven models (with the risk of poor adequacy to immediate local needs), or develop new models that may lack maturity. The objective of this paper is to propose a cyber-physical mobility architecture that combines the maturity of proven models with the strong suitability of a new approach to the developing country context. The aim is to set up a decision support system in the form of recommendations, based on the coupling between the definition of a physical transport system and the definition of the appropriate information system, according to a system engineering approach.

A social smart city for public and private mobility: A real case study

Nowadays, smart city paradigm plays a primary role in the fulfillment of sustainable solutions in the field of urban mobility, both public and private. At the same time, the Internet of Things (IoT) is allowing the development of increasingly advanced solutions for real-time management of collected information related to the management and coexistence of vehicles (i.e., buses, cars, trains, bicycles, etc.) immersed in urban and sub-urban traffic. The Social IoT (SIoT) paradigm adds a relational connotation between objects typical of human relationships. Objects operate as equals and request/provide information among them in the perspective of providing IoT services to users while maintaining their individuality. Social object relationship enables the design of solutions aiming to improve the exchange of information among network nodes in terms of security from malicious attacks external to the so-called social network of objects. In this context, a new SIoT smart city solution is presented in this article: private and public vehicles together with pedestrians are involved in a real-time collection of data to improve the viability of the city in order to suggest new directions and information to citizens to better organize how to live the city. The developed architecture presented in this article is equipped with an artificial intelligence that process collected traffic data and, thanks to machine learning techniques, evaluate the directions and flows undertaken by vehicles and pedestrians on a daily basis. The authors are also presenting an application that allow both citizens to live the city in a better way and municipal authorities to promptly manage traffic flows. The proposed system was installed in a specific area of Cagliari (Italy) and the traffic flows have been compared with daily traffic data monitored before the installation, observing an average gain of up to 35 percent in daily traffic reduction.

The Integrated Policy Package Assessment approach: elaborating ex ante knowledge in the field of urban mobility

BackgroundIn response to climate change challenges, a main policy emphasis is on transitioning the energy system from high- to low-carbon energy supply. The German energy transition is first and foremost based on political decisions and interventions. These decisions need to be assessed ex ante to ensure a good governance approach to energy policies, for which this paper introduces the Integrated Policy Package Assessment approach (IPPA). IPPA consists of four steps: design, assessment, evaluation and discourse.ResultsThe results section illustrates the IPPA framework by applying it to urban passenger transport as an example case. First, the design phase was used to elaborate two complementary policy packages each consisting of several policy measures in the transformation pathways of “multi- and inter-modality”, and “alternative drive”. Second, the individual measures of the packages were impact-analysed by a large number of individual impact studies from various disciplines. Synthesizing the individual study results, we developed an impact assessment matrix for impact evaluation. The matrix covers the impact categories: technology development, sector integration, environment, social resonance, and institutional factors. In a further step, the key findings of the impact assessment were reflected and reviewed from the perspectives of various stakeholders and practice experts through a practice–science dialogue on transforming the urban passenger transport system.ConclusionsThe discussion and conclusion sections outline the main findings relating to content and process aspects, when applying the IPPA framework to a policy package in urban transport.

Conformal prediction bands for multivariate functional data

Motivated by the pressing request of methods able to create prediction sets in a general regression framework for a multivariate functional response, we propose a set of conformal predictors that produce finite-sample either valid or exact multivariate simultaneous prediction bands under the mild assumption of exchangeable regression pairs. The fact that the prediction bands can be built around any regression estimator and that can be easily found in closed form yields a very widely usable method, which is fairly straightforward to implement. In addition, we first introduce and then describe a specific conformal predictor that guarantees an asymptotic result in terms of efficiency and inducing prediction bands able to modulate their width based on the local behavior and magnitude of the functional data. The method is investigated and analyzed through a simulation study and a real-world application in the field of urban mobility.

Valorização do pensamento pedestre

This article proposes to observe the porous relationship between the participation of different actors and the formulation of public policies in the field of urban mobility, with a central focus on the pedestrian mobility system in São Paulo. This system is here understood as the set of places of passage, but also of permanence and, as such, public space product of social relations. The analysis focuses on the first two decades of the 2000s, and culminates in the years 2020-2021, crossed by the pandemic triggered by Covid-19.

Re-claiming the responsivity gap: The co-creation of cycling policies in Berlin’s mobility law

Calls for more bicycle use have been heard from across the political spectrum in Germany for years. Nonetheless, policies that lead to a transition away from car use and toward the bicycle in urban mobility remain absent. Against this background, we explore a mode of citizen engagement in the policy process in which citizens take the initiative and claim a political space to include their user expertise in the policy process. The case is a recent development in the field of urban mobility in Berlin, Germany in which citizen activists directly integrated citizen knowledge into policy outcomes. This was enabled by claiming the political space and thereby determining the spectrum of possibility, ultimately leading to an unprecedented process of co-creative legislation that marked a unique shift in German mobility policy, with the result that Berlin became the first German state to pass a bicycle law in June of 2018. We argue that the political space these citizens claimed was a key factor for enabling policy change, as previous attempts in invited political spaces had not led to a departure from the status quo. In a first empirical step, we establish evidence of citizen knowledge in policy output by comparing the citizen-authored bill with the 2018 Mobility Law. In the second empirical step based on 13 semi-structured interviews with the citizens responsible for the law, we offer a closer look at the type of knowledge relevant for enabling direct integration of user knowledge into policy output. We end with a discussion on the broader importance of the interplay of citizen knowledge for their impact on transformative policymaking.

Hybrid methodology for improving response rates and data quality in mobility surveys

This paper presents a surveying method developed and tested in several data collection campaigns for different purposes in the field of urban mobility. The method combines the advantages of personal intercept interviews and online questionnaires to meet the basic requirements of a survey: good data quality, representativeness and minimal costs. Five application case studies in European cities are presented to evaluate and demonstrate the validity of the method and to study people’s willingness to complete a survey. The successful application of the method in a variety of research projects proves its validity for survey campaigns to assess different transport policies. The results evidence the validity of the methodology. The response rates obtained were quite high compared with merely online surveys – between 14 and 22% – and the data collected met the quality requirements for each research project where the method was applied. The method combines low cost, reliability and high response rates and therefore clearly contributes to mobility survey performance and sampling practices in transport research.

When Is an Innovative Urban Mobility Business Model Sustainable? A Literature Review and Analysis

Although researchers have increasingly examined how business models promote sustainable urban mobility through innovation, the literature has focused less attention on what constitutes a sustainable and innovative business model in the context of urban mobility. To fill this research gap, this article aims to answer the following research question: what elements characterize sustainable and innovative business models in the field of urban mobility? To identify whether and to what extent the existing intersection between business models and sustainable urban mobility literature contributes to the development of this concept, a systematic review and analysis of the literature was conducted. The results indicate that the following aspects contribute to the sustainability of an urban mobility business model: favoring the use of clean energy; maximizing the use of transport resources and capabilities; encouraging substitution using sustainable modes; offering service orientation and functionality; articulating initiatives that address the needs of a wide range of stakeholders in transport systems; reducing travel demands; extending benefits to society and the environment in a systemic perspective; and developing scale-up mobility solutions.

Tweets of surveillance: Traffic, Twitter, and securitization in Beirut, Lebanon

More than a decade ago, Akhil Gupta and James Ferguson set out to define a research program with their essay ‘Spatializing States: Toward an Ethnography of Neoliberal Governmentality’ (2002). Exploring the relation between what they referred to as ‘the spatial and statist orders,’ they argued that conceptualizations of the nature of the state have not attended adequately to the ways in which states are spatialized and endeavored to show, through ethnography, how people come to experience the state as an entity with certain spatial characteristics and properties. Building on these ideas, but also moving beyond their taken-for-granted assumptions about the state’s spatiality, this essay makes use of one ethnographic case example in an effort to offer a fine-grained illustration of the spatial dimensions of the project of state securitization in the urban landscape. I do this by looking closely at the field of urban mobility in Beirut, Lebanon, and the Twitter account for the city’s Traffic Management Center, launched in late 2013 by the Ministry of Interior. Through my analysis of the spatial modes of statecraft that are produced through this Twitter account, I develop an argument about how the social media technology of Twitter serves as a portal through which to view how the state secures its legitimacy and naturalizes its authority in both virtual and physical space, while, at the same time, this technology – if only fleetingly – can be harnessed to issue challenges to this legitimacy and authority. What is at stake in the Traffic Management Center’s Twitter account, I suggest, is the production of the state as an entity that is not just powerful in the sense of being vertical to society and encompassing of urban space, but the very idea that the state offers security and protection to its citizens.

Benefits and obstacles of sustainable product development methods: a case study in the field of urban mobility

In the last few years, numerous approaches have been introduced for supporting design engineers in developing more sustainable products. However, so far, these efforts have not led to the establishment of a commonly acknowledged standard methodology for Sustainable Product Development (SPD). This brings into question the relevance of developing new methods and calls for more efforts in testing the available ones. This article provides a reflection about the benefits and obstacles of applying existing SPD approaches to a real product development project. It reports the results of a project aimed at developing a new mobility solution under the constraints of sustainability-related targets. This project has led to the development of a new pedelec concept, focusing on the substitution of small passenger cars with the help of three SPD methods – Design for Sustainability Guidelines, Product Sustainability Index, and Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment. These methods have proved to be generally beneficial, thanks to a combination of qualitative and quantitative perspectives. However, the multitude of criteria offered by the methods put forth difficulties in evaluating which sustainability aspects are relevant and therefore lead to higher effort for information retrieval analysis and decision processes. Furthermore, the methods still lack an integrated perspective on the product, the corresponding services and the overarching system.

Mathematical optimization for planning and design of cycle paths

The daily need for citizens to move for different activities, whatever its nature, has been greatly affected by the changes. The advantages resulting from the inclusion of the bicycle as a mode of transport and the proliferation of its use among citizens are numerous and extend both in the field of urban mobility and sustainable development.Currently, there are a number of programs for the implementation, promotion or increased public participation related to cycling in cities. But ultimately, each and every one of these initiatives have the same goal, to create a mesh of effective, useful and cycling trails that allow the use of bicycles in preferred routes with high guarantees of security, incorporating bicycle model intermodal urban transport.With the gradual implementation of bike lanes, many people have begun to use them to get around the city. But everything again needs a period of adaptation, and the reality is that the road network for these vehicles is full of obstacles to the rider. The current situation has led to the proposal that many kilometers of cycle paths needed to supply the demand of this mode of transport and, if implemented and planned are correct and sufficient.This paper presents a mathematical programming model for optimal design of a network for cyclists is presented. Specifically, the model determines a network of bicycle infrastructure, appropriate to the characteristics of a network of existing roads.As an application of the proposed model, the result of these experiments give a number of useful conclusions for planning and designing networks of cycle paths from a social perspective, applied to the case in the city of Malaga. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.4089