Abstract
Although researchers have increasingly examined how business models promote sustainable urban mobility through innovation, the literature has focused less attention on what constitutes a sustainable and innovative business model in the context of urban mobility. To fill this research gap, this article aims to answer the following research question: what elements characterize sustainable and innovative business models in the field of urban mobility? To identify whether and to what extent the existing intersection between business models and sustainable urban mobility literature contributes to the development of this concept, a systematic review and analysis of the literature was conducted. The results indicate that the following aspects contribute to the sustainability of an urban mobility business model: favoring the use of clean energy; maximizing the use of transport resources and capabilities; encouraging substitution using sustainable modes; offering service orientation and functionality; articulating initiatives that address the needs of a wide range of stakeholders in transport systems; reducing travel demands; extending benefits to society and the environment in a systemic perspective; and developing scale-up mobility solutions.
Highlights
Urban mobility has a central role in developing more sustainable cities, especially considering that the production and consumption of goods and services in major urban centers requires sustainable solutions that enable large masses of people to travel [1,2].Transportation, especially based on internal combustion engines, is linked to high levels of CO2 emission, energy consumption, and negative impacts on people’s health and climate change [3]
The analysis model defined—that is, the final categories and subcategories organized from the literature review—is separated into three parts: sustainable urban mobility, sustainable business models, and business model innovation
This work contributes to delineating hypotheses that can be subsequently tested in future studies on this theme, that is, validating whether sustainable and innovative business models in urban mobility should address the aspects discussed in each of the intersection aspects analyzed
Summary
Urban mobility has a central role in developing more sustainable cities, especially considering that the production and consumption of goods and services in major urban centers requires sustainable solutions that enable large masses of people to travel [1,2].Transportation, especially based on internal combustion engines, is linked to high levels of CO2 emission, energy consumption, and negative impacts on people’s health and climate change [3]. The challenges of sustainable urban mobility require approaches that extend beyond the optimization of resources used in transport planning and avoid dealing with issues in isolation, a recurrent feature in the seminal literature on mobility and transport. These needs for new approaches in urban mobility, which increase quality in transport, while reducing environmental and economic impacts, generate demand for innovation in urban mobility and attract the interest of various actors in society, enabling opportunities to generate new business models, in order to allow the diffusion of those innovations in the market [1]
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