Field Of Grammar Research Articles

FRANSIZ DİLİNİN XARİCİ DİL KİMİ TƏDRİSİNDƏ İSTİFADƏ EDİLƏN QRAMMATİK TAPŞIRIQLAR

Grammatical Assignments used in the Study of the French Language as a Foreign Language Summary The purpose and usefulness of using various assignments in the study of the French language as a foreign language in research is reflected. Here, as much as possible, starting from simple terms and moving on to more complex terms are given. Of course, the levels of the speakers must be taken into account when arranging the instructions. In the training of grammatical knowledge, the level of grammatical knowledge of the speakers in their native language must be kept attentive. There are differences between the grammar of the French language and the grammar of the Azerbaijani language. Keeping in mind the differences in the field of grammar, the learners can absorb the new language comparing it with their native one. Making comparative analysis in the analysis of foreign languages simplifies and accelerates the process of interpretation. Making grammatical analyzes allows the sentences to be translated correctly and the correct meaning to be captured. Key words: grammar studies, listening to songs, multiple choice tasks, related tasks

СВОЕОБРАЗИЕ ЯЗЫКА РОССИЙСКИХ НЕМЦЕВ (на примере сказок Н. Ваккер)

In the article, using the examples from Nellie Wacker’s fairy tales, which were published by a Kazakh publishing house in 1995, when the author was already living in Cologne (Germany), the originality of the language of Russian Germans is demonstrated. The article represents a certain contribution to the development of linguopersonology. The bilingual author consciously, and sometimes unconsciously, includes examples from the field of grammar, vocabulary, semantics and stylistics in the texts of fairy tales. All of them arose as a result of the contact of the two languages: German and Russian, as well as the processes of interference, and the consequences of the influence of the Russian language on the German one. All examples are confirmed by native German speakers and are clear evidence of the artistic bilingualism of Russian Germans.

Синтаксический разбор как средство подготовки к решению грамматических и пунктуационных заданий ВПР, ОГЭ и ЕГЭ по русскому языку

The research aims to substantiate the need for the systematic teaching of sentence analysis to schoolchildren, which is the main tool for completing grammatical and punctuation tasks in test works of different levels. The paper analyses and summarises tasks of various types involving sentence analysis that students have to complete when writing test and examination works. The research is novel in that it represents the first attempt to determine the primary role of sentence analysis in training students to complete grammatical and punctuation tasks within the framework of the All-Russian Test Work (VPR), the Basic State Examination (OGE) and the Unified State Examination (EGE) in the Russian language. In the school practice of teaching Russian, there is a noticeable gap between studying the curriculum material and training for examinations. This means that the requirements for the completion of examination and test works should be taken into account when planning the content aspects of the lessons. In this regard, the researchers consider sentence analysis not only as a result of knowledge summarisation in the field of grammar, but also as a source of formation of this knowledge. A systematic approach to analysing the tasks of the All-Russian Test Work, the Basic State Examination and the Unified State Examination in the Russian language will help the teacher to organise a systematic work on training students for the final tests and correlate the examination requirements with the requirements for studying the curriculum material. The research findings make it possible to elaborate methodological recommendations for teachers for working on sentence analysis in Russian language classes at school, contributing to better training of schoolchildren for passing examination tests.

현대중국어 양상부사 연구 - 양상부사의 특징, 범위, 하위분류를 중심으로

This study mainly investigated modality adverbs in Modern Chinese. To investigate the characteristics, subclassification, and scope of Chinese modality adverbs, We have studied on ‘concepts of modality and mood’ and ‘subclassification of modality adverbs and mood adverbs’ through previous studies. After that, We presented the perspective of this paper, and reclassified 324 adverbs that presented in previous studies based on ‘modal meanings’. It has come to the following conclusions:BR First, in previous studies, the concepts of modality and mood are mixed. In the field of Western grammar, some scholars claim that modality is the semantic field, mood is the grammar field. This reflects the characteristics of ‘inflectional language’, but Chinese is ‘isolated language’. So at the time of accepting the concepts of modality, it can be seen that the concepts were mixed. In order to solve this problem, this paper distinguished concepts of modality(情態), mood(语氣₂), tone(口气).BR Second, in previous studies, each scholar’s classification for modality adverbs and mood adverbs didn’t match. However, researching on the adverbs suggested in previous studies, all of them can be distinguished as dynamic modality, deontic modality, epistemic modality, tone, etc., but tone doesn’t mean modality. So modality adverbs are generally divided into dynamic modality, deontic modality and epistemic modality. Also recently some scholars claim that ‘evaluative modality’ should be classified as a category of modality, but none of the adverbs can be found to indicate the meaning of evaluative modality.BR Third, after collecting a total of 324 adverbs of modality adverbs and mood adverbs in previous studies, 211 adverbs were excluded for two reasons(not included or presented in a different meaning in XIANDAI HANYU CIDIAN(『现代汉语词典(第7版)』), not indicated the meaning of modality). The remaining 113 adverbs were reclassified into dynamic modality(will), deontic modality, and epistemic modality. Adverbs with multiple modality in the same word were indicated by ‘Bi(必)₁, Bi(必)₂, Bi(必)₃’, and a total of 156 adverbs were classified in this paper. The results of the reclassification are as follows. There are a total of 29 dynamic modality adverbs accounting for about 19% of the total modality adverbs, and a total of 46 deontic modality adverbs accounting for about 29%, and a total of 81 epistemic modality adverbs accounting for about 52%. As the classification results, epistemic modality adverbs are the largest number of modality adverbs.

ON THE ORIGIN, FUNCTION AND DIFFICULTIES IN SPELLING PARTICLES

The article discusses the origin of auxiliary words and their division into lexical-semantic groups based on the meanings belonging to these words. It also discusses the role of spelling principles in writing auxiliary words; thus, the article focuses on the spelling of auxiliary words. In this respect, it is mentioned about the difficulties in spelling certain auxiliary words, despite the established spelling norms. The author refers to the fundamental works of renowned Turkologists in the field of grammar, and supports his arguments with examples taken from modern dictionaries on orthography. Evolutionary changes in a number of auxiliary words are highlighted. The main purpose of the article is a comprehensive analysis of auxiliary words and syllables, identifying problems associated with the spelling of these linguistic units and providing ways to solve them. Therefore, when writing the article, the author provides References to the fundamental works of famous Turkic scholars published in the field of grammar on each statement, relies on dictionary materials and argues his opinion. By describing the historical background of auxiliary names as auxiliary words and determining their grammatical and lexical meanings, their function in the language has been described. An overview of the differences between conjunctions in Kazakh linguistics and Turkology has also been shown,

Multifarious nature in Bharathy’s Lyrical Literature

This article, entitled as 'Multifarious nature in Bharathy’s Lyrical Literature', serves as a research paper for the seminar organized with the aim of exploring the diversity of Tamil grammar and literature and exposing the multifarious nature of Tamil. There are a lot of rich literatures in Tamil that express diversity in the field of Grammar and Literature. However, in the field of Tamil grammatical literature, Bharathiyar's poetic literature excel in simplicity, sweetness, novelty and revolution which are conceptual and multifarious. In that respect, this article is designed to examine the contribution of Bharathi's poetry for the richness of Tamil literature in certain contexts. In particular, Bharathi's Tamil poetry is characterized by simple language, attractive poetry, feminist songs, theological devotional songs, and poems that are in tune with the fine arts. The essence of this research study consists of the Multifaceted Specialties of Poetic Excellence from a linguistic point of view such as Pride of Tamil language, Mother Language Obsession and Poetic Specialization, the Diverse Ideas from a feminist point of view such as The Pride of Women, Women’s Rights, Female Liberation and the concept of ‘Puthumai Pen’, Religious and philosophical views from the Theological perspectives such as Theological Thoughts, Devotional Norms (Bhakthi Neri), Glory of power (Shakthi Mahimai) and Specialty Poetic Versus from an aesthetic point of view reflecting Theological Dance Bond, Poetic style suitable for dance and ‘Shakthi Koothu’.

현대중국어 ‘V了V’형 동사중첩의 화용 분석

The verb reduplication of “V了V” is a common expression in modern Chinese. However, there are not many studies on this structure in the field of grammar. This paper mainly analyzes the verb reduplication of “V了V” from the perspective of pragmatic function, and summarizes its pragmatic function: First, it can express a soothing and relaxed feeling; Second, it has the function of marking foreground events in sentences; Third, it is equivalent to the State Adjective to enhance the descriptive nature of discourse. In addition, this paper also discusses the pragmatic constraints of the verb reduplication of “V了V”: it can not appear in imperative sentence, negative sentence, sentence using Modal verb, question sentence, exclamatory sentence, but can only appear in affirmative statement sentence, but also be limited to some extent. This is also the difference between this structure and “VV” verb reduplication in terms of pragmatic function.

Приложение на съвременните технологии при оценка на степента на усвояване на междуезиковия трансфер на темпоралните форми (български и испански език)

The present study demonstrates the application of modern methods for analysis of acquired knowledge of interlingual transfer at grammatical and semantic level of the temporal systems in indicative mood in modern Bulgarian, English and Spanish. The basic experiment, conducted for the first time in Bulgarian linguistics, consists of two parts and aims to check in a comparative way the degree of acquisition of the temporal categories in English and Spanish by native Bulgarian students. The experiment consists of contrastive examples in declarative affirmative sentences, which illustrate their use. The analysis of the results of the acquired knowledge of transfer from a native to a foreign language is a basis for refining the work of the teacher in the field of grammar.

INDUSTRY-SPECIFIC VOCABULARY AS PART OF THE REGISTER OF THE «MOSCOW-UKRAINIAN DICTIONARY» BY VICTOR DUBROVSKYI

The article covers the study of industry-specific vocabulary in Ukrainian translated lexicography of the early twentieth century (post-revolutionary era). The analysis is based on the “Moscow-Ukrainian Dictionary” (1918) written by V. Dubrovskyi. Sector-specific vocabulary in the analyzed source has its remarks as most lexicographical works have. We selected all marked units with the help of a specially created lexicographic system. The previously published article has its detailed description. The studied material thus, counts around 4 % of industry-specific words.
 According to our calculations, the most numerically predominant dictionary units are the units of both biology (including botanical, zoological and anatomical terms) and medicine.
 The most numerous nomenclature is the botanical one. To one Russian word, we can find multiple Ukrainian equivalents including various dialectal, regional, folk names, etc. Generally speaking, synonymy is a prevailing phenomenon to many fields of knowledge.
 The zoological nomenclature is quite frequent in the analyzed dictionary too. There are many names of animals (mostly non-local) that cannot be found in the Ukrainian language today. They are absent in modern lexicographical works too. Many of them even cannot be found in the dictionaries of the post-revolutionary era.
 Many little-known, colloquial, dialectal and even stylistically reduced names are can be found in the field of anatomy. Numerous names of diseases that are recorded in the “Moscow-Ukrainian Dictionary” are not part of the common medical terminology.
 Comparing to the above mentioned fields, the analyzed work presents fewer terms from the field of grammar, mineralogy, mathematics, chemistry, music, military affairs, and technology. The biggest number of words that belong to the modern Ukrainian scientific language can be found in the fields of grammar, mathematics and chemistry.
 Few single terms that were mentioned in the dictionary belong to such sciences as veterinary medicine, hunting, construction, etc.
 Consequently, the “Moscow-Ukrainian Dictionary” contains a number of industry-specific vocabulary that is not registered in the modern Ukrainian scientific language. Moreover, synonymy is considered to be a prevailing phenomenon, despite being not typically used in all industries. Largely as a result of the analysis made, the author indeed desires to choose Ukrainian terms that would be as different as possible from the Russian equivalents.

EXPLANATION OF THE TOPIC OF “FAITH” IN SAADUDDIN TAFTAZANI’S WORKS

One of the brightest representatives of the Second Eastern Renaissance of the Middle Ages is Allama Saʻd al-Dīn Taftāzānī al-Ḥanafı̄(722-792/1322-1390). He was a scholar in the fields of grammar (nahw), morphology (sarf), eloquence (balagha) usul al-fiqh and furu al-fiqh (ḥanafī, shāfiʿī and mālikī), logic, aqeedah, hadith, tafsir, geometry, astronomy and other similar sciences. In particular, more than fifty works of the allāma on various subjects have been identified. Saʻd al-Dīn Taftāzānī occupies an important place in the development of the teachings of māturīdīyya. The work of the scholar in this area can be divided into three categories: writing of books, an analytical summary of the various views of previous scholars on a specific creedal issue and additional substantiation of the issues on a scientific basis. In particular, these three cases are reflected in the views of the scholar on the topic “Iman” (Faith). Even because this topic is the basis of creed, the scholar dwelled on it in detail. Indeed, through a comparative analysis of the theological works of Saʻd al-Dīn Taftāzānī and “Kitāb al-Tawḥīd” by Abū Manṣūr al-Māturīdī (243-332/857-944), it is advisable to determine the scholar’s contribution to the development of the teachings of māturīdīyya on the topic “Iman”. This article focuses on this issue.

Приложение на съвременните технологии при оценка на степента на усвояване на междуезиковия трансфер на темпоралните форми (български и английски език)

The present study demonstrates the application of modern methods for analysis of acquired knowledge of interlingual transfer at grammatical and semantic level of the temporal systems in indicative mood in modern Bulgarian, English and Spanish. The basic experiment, conducted for the first time in Bulgarian linguistics, consists of two parts and aims to check in a comparative way the degree of acquisition of the temporal categories in English and Spanish by native Bulgarian students. The experiment consists of contrastive examples in declarative affirmative sentences, which illustrate their use. The analysis of the results of the acquired knowledge of transfer from a native to a foreign language is a basis for refining the work of the teacher in the field of grammar.

TRANSPOSITION AS A SOURCE OF REPLENISHMENT OF THE UKRAINIAN LINGUISTIC TERMINOLOGY

The article outlines the development of theoretical foundations and further study of the linguistic phenomenon of transposition and its varieties in modern Ukrainian linguistics, which significantly influenced the expansion of the conceptual framework in the field of grammar, including one of its sections – morphology, its addition and new terminology. Particular attention is paid to the revision of traditional views of scientists on the composition, grammatical status and terminological expression of basic morphological units (parts of speech) and their inherent categories and grams, which led to the introduction into scientific circulation of new concepts and terms. This view in recent research is based on a theoretically sound and well-tested scientific practice functional morphological and syntactic concept of parts of speech, which is a reflection of the derivational relationship between them, i.e. is a consequence of interlanguage transposition. A new direction in the study of the grammatical system of the Ukrainian language was called functional-categorical, in accordance with the scientific circulation the new concept was introduces, denoted by the analytical term functional-categorical grammar.

Rečenična dopuna u formi zavisne rečenice i infinitivske konstrukcije

Syntax, as an important part of grammar, deals with the analysis of sentences and their elements. Many grammarians have paid great attention to sentence complements which, according to the dependent model of grammar, represent a very important part of a sentence. The structure or syntax of a sentence in German is probably the most complex topic in German grammar. One of the grammarians who devoted himself to this field of grammar was Ulrich Engel. Using the dependent model of grammar, Engel managed to bring the syntax of the German language closer to many Germanists in a simple way, and not only in the Germanspeaking area. Infinitive construction and dependent sentences are forms with the help of which certain sentence additions can be realized. Using the model of dependent grammar, this paper explains the process of realization of sentence addition, using examples from a specialized corpus, i.e., the first two chapters of the work Tin Drum (Die Blechtrommel) by Günther Grass, and the analysis of the content led to key answers.

The Significance of the ‘Ten Fundamentals’ (al-Mabādi’ al- ‘Asharah) in Conceptualizing the Epistemic Aims of Learning in Islam

The first Qur’anic revelation in Islam stressed on the fundamental epistemological issues that characterized the paramount role of knowledge and the attitude of the Muslims towards it throughout the history. Apart from knowledge of the subject matter itself, much emphasis was also given to mastering its prerequisites in the fields of grammar, rhetoric and logic (al-manṭiq); collectively known as the ‘sciences of the tools of knowledge’ (‘ilm al-ālāt). In their discussions of logic, Muslims have developed a systematic foundational framework of knowledge mapping known as the ‘ten fundamentals’ or al-mabādi’ al-‘asharah and subsequently adapted it in the learning of the various sciences. Therefore, this paper attempts to discuss the significance of this framework in conceptualizing the epistemic aims of learning in the Islamic tradition. Discussions include its origins and development, functions and adaptations throughout the various sciences, as well as an assessment of its role in conceptualizing the epistemic aims of learning in Islam based on the relevant primary and secondary sources. It is found that the practical utility of this framework does not only correspond with the overall epistemic aims of learning in Islam but is also applicable within the contemporary settings of Islamic education in the digital era.

Anglicisma gender tulkošana un adaptācija kā kritiskās domāšanas impulss literatūras un kultūras studijās

Nowadays, gender and sexuality have become the object of global interdisciplinary research, and, searching the common grounds for the description of the issue, a brand-new theoretical category of “gender” is being developed in the frames of the Anglophone feminist theoretical discussion. The category acquires its meaning in the frames of the “sex – gender” opposition and is meant as the distinction between a human’s biological self (sex) and the socially constructed conceptions about social roles and functions. Introducing the theoretical concept of “gender” into the international communication outside the Anglophone linguistic space, new theoretical, methodological, translation and adaptation problems have been revealed, especially in the languages, where the category of the grammatical gender is strongly related to the lexical and grammar field and the creation of the “sex – gender” opposition seems to be controversial. “Gender” in the nowadays English language functions as a poly-semantic category – the notions of “sex” and “gender” are used interchangeably or as partial synonyms. Various terminological solutions are being found for the recreation of the category in other languages, taking into consideration the field and contextual meaning. Translating European gender equality political documents into Latvian, the notion “dzimums” is mostly used. Various terms – “dzimums”, “dzimte”, “dzimumsocialitāte”, “dženders” – are used interpreting the works of feminism theoreticians. The mass media do not often translate the term, using the variants “dženders” or “genders”, often in the pejorative meaning, connecting it to some type of genderism ideology, foreign to the Latvian mentality and traditional culture. The aim of the article is to offer an insight into the theoretical discussions about the search for “gender” terminological equivalence outside the Anglophone linguistic space that flourished in the Western academic feminism in the 1980s and 1990s. The article is devoted to the most characteristic problematic cases related to the adaptation of the notion into the vocabulary of the Latvian humanities and social sciences and mass media.

A Classification Study over Loan Words Used in the Fields of Turkish Literature, Grammar, Linguistics and Pedagogy

This study aimed to sort through loan words that entered into Turkish from foreign languages and that are used in the fields of literature, grammar, linguistics, and pedagogy, based on the latest edition of the Turkish Dictionary published by the Turkish Language Society in 2011. The study has a survey model, and the data were collected with a document-examination technique and presented in terms of percentage and frequency. As a result of the study, it was determined that the number of loan words used in the field of literature was 196, in the field of grammar was 102, in the field of linguistics was 20, and in the field of pedagogy was 18 in Turkish. It was reported that Arabic was the language from which most words used in the fields of literature and grammar were borrowed and that French was the language from which most words used in the fields of linguistics and pedagogy were borrowed. It was seen that a vast majority of the loan words are nouns in the fields of literature, grammar, science, and pedagogy.

Öğrenci Merkezli Dil Bilgisi Öğretim Uygulamalarının Öğrenci Başarısına Etkisi: Bir Meta Analiz Çalışması

Until recent years, the traditional grammar teaching methods, which is teacher-centered and based on memorizing grammar rules, and in which grammar is seen as the ultimate goal has been followed in Turkey. On the other hand, after integration of the constructivist approach into teaching programs which places student in the center of learning, a number of experimental studies in which student-centered learning approach, method and techniques are used has increased. The aim of this study in this context is to identify how much student-centered grammar teaching practices affect grammar success of students by combining the results obtained from the primary studies. Current study also aims to present the extent that the success levels of the students differ with respect to education level, sample size, geographical region, the type of publication where the study was reported, field of grammar and student-centered approach, method or techniques used in the experimental procedure, which are described as intervening variables. To this end, results of 41 studies which were conducted on the topic and were reported as scientific paper or master’s/doctorate thesis were synthesized by using meta-analysis method. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis v2.0 (CMA) software was used in order to conduct effect size calculations, intervening variable analysis and tests of significance on student success based on the data obtained from the relevant studies. At the end of the study, the effect size of the student-centered grammar practices on student success and corrected effect size were calculated as g=0,95 and g=0,708, respectively. These values demonstrate that student-centered grammar teaching practices affect student success vastly and positively. Additionally, the intervening variable analysis indicated that success level of the students did not differ significantly with respect to education level, geographical region, the type of publication where the study was reported, field of grammar, and student-centered grammar teaching practice which was used as an experimental procedure. However, it was found out that sample size variable had a significant effect on the success of the students and success levels of the students in the practices carried out in small samples were higher.

Korean language life as educational contents in the field of grammar

Korean language life as educational contents in the field of grammar

К вопросу о функциях нефинитных форм в английском языке

The article considers syntactic functions and grammatical status of non-finite forms in the English language. The author notes that this is a field of grammar that presents challenges for both studying and learning. As the analysis showed, one of the most difficult and controversial issues is the opposition of ing -form and inflectional infinitive (infinitive with particle to ). There are opinions that these two forms, which have universal functionality and valence in the history of the language, can have the same function of complement in modern English. The paper shows that the choice of form (inflectional infinitive or ing -form) in this case is a very difficult problem. The article analyzes such examples, provides the authors’ views on their differences and offers the authors’ possible explanation of this phenomenon. The novelty of this study is seen in the proof that the combination of the personal form of the verb with the ing -form means in general one action with some additional connotation. The author argues that this combination forms an analytical construction, the meaning of which is perceived as a whole. The presented results have practical application, namely, they allow to solve the problem of choice of ing -form or inflectional infinitive when used after a personal verb.

КОМУНІКАТИВНА ГРАМАТИКА В СУЧАСНІЙ УКРАЇНСЬКІЙ ЛІНГВОДИДАКТИЦІ

This article examines the notion of communicative grammar in its relations with the Ukrainian linguodidactics. This problem is related to the language competence, which serves as a component of communicative competence. The present stage of studying the numerous problems of linguistics is characterized by the fact that they are considered in a cognitive-communicative perspective. The fact of the establishment of a cognitive-communicative paradigm in modern linguistics leads to the foreground of the study, which uses the functional description of the language system and its constructive units. Application of the communicative-activity approach corresponds most closely to modern educational goals and psycho-pedagogical ideas of the present, as it creates the preconditions for the active formation of communicative competences among students, serving as the main goal of standardized language education at all levels. The communicative approach to the study of the linguistic system demonstrates the applicable nature, because it involves mastering the linguistic material as an action: acquisition of the lexical and grammatical system of language based on their communicative importance. The specificity of modern research in the field of grammar was the emergence of various types of grammar (generative grammar, communicative grammar, functional grammar). Communicative grammar is one of the areas of language learning, which combines the systematic representation of grammar and text analysis (as part of this, there is a broad term in grammar, it also includes the lexical semantics). Significant linguistic units were in the focus of the study of communicative grammar in connection with the communicative activity of the speaker. The main object of this science is the text, and its purpose is the justification of the specific text and each of its components, the creation of an explanatory model of the grammatical system (that is the definition of functional and semantic specificity of grammatical units, the identification of functional and semantic principles that underpin the organization of the grammatical system). In our opinion, the linguo-didactic elaboration of a range of issues that lie in the sphere of interest in communicative grammar is still rather small. The development of the theory of communicative grammar itself in Ukrainian linguistics, and its linguistic and pedagogical elaboration, is, in large part, a matter of scientific and methodological perspectives.