Fibrous Composition Research Articles

Recycling of spent shiitake substrate for production of the oyster mushroom, Pleurotus sajor-caju

Pleurotus sajor-caju was produced on a basal medium containing “spent” shiitake substrate plus 10% wheat bran and 10% millet. An analysis of the fibrous composition of the spent shiitake substrate revealed that 85% of the original hemicellulose, 44% of the original cellulose and 77% of the original lignin was not consumed during production of a full crop (78% biological efficiency) of shiitake (63-day harvest period). To produce P. sajor-caju, the spent shiitake substrate was ground, air dried, supplemented, pasteurized with live steam and spawned. Highest yields (79% biological efficiency) of P. sajor-caju were obtained by supplementing the spent shiitake basal medium with 12% soybean and 1% CaCO3. Increases in percentage biological efficiency and mushroom size were positively correlated with increasing levels of CaCO3 added to the basal medium.

Filtering Manifold for Determining the Fibrous Composition of Feeds

Analysis of the fibrous composition of feeds by the Goering and Van Soest procedure requires that samples be filtered in the presence of mineral acids and organic solvents. In this process, it is desirable to use a manifold that not only is resistant to these reagents, but also is inexpensive and easy to construct. The new design fits Gooch crucibles tightly and eliminates vacuum leaks and the associated foaming that hampers filtration of difficult samples.

Altered hair fibrous protein composition in a patient with congenital ectodermal dysplasia

Altered hair fibrous protein composition in a patient with congenital ectodermal dysplasia

Stromal Composition in Bronchogenic Carcinomas - Morphometric Structure Analysis

So far little is known about the pathogenesis and development of the stroma in bronchogenic neoplasia. Clinical and radiological findings and morphological pictures of the tumor taken just after resection, don't reveal information about the pathogenesis and duration of the development of the scar tissue. Using an automatic image analyser (Quantimet 720, Imanco) it was possible to do morphometrical studies of bronchial carcinomas. We correlated the quantity of the stromal reaction in bronchial carcinomas to the size and histological type of the tumor. 60 peripheral, completely excised bronchial tumors were studied using post mortem and surgically removed specimens (25 adenocarcinomas, 22 squamous cell carcinomas, 13 oat cell carcinomas). The mesenchyme was studied histologically and morphometrically at the point of largest circumference of the tumor. Different histological stains were used to identify and correlate epithelial, mesenchymal and necrotic parts of the tumor. Adenocarcinomas on average have 48% stromal composition and even tumors sized 1.5-3 cm2 show evidence of extensive scar tissue. Squamous cell carcinomas have 37% and oat cell carcinomas have 30% fibrous tissue composition. Large adenocarcinomas have less stroma whereas large squamous cell carcinomas showed a relative increase in stromal composition. None of the above was shown in oat cell carcinomas. The amount of stromal tissue therefore depends on the histological tumor type.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Effects of reperfusion after coronary artery occlusion on post-infarction scar tissue.

Early reperfusion after a coronary occlusion may reduce myocardial infarct size, but late reperfusion into necrotic myocardium may alter post-infarction healing. In rabbits, we compared 1- or 3-week-old scars resulting from permanent coronary occlusion to those resulting from a 1- or 3-hour occlusion followed by reperfusion. Reperfusion at 1 hour post-occlusion did not affect scar mechanical properties assessed at 1 week post-infarction, but at 3 weeks post-infarction, these scars had a tensile strength significantly lower than those not reperfused (78 +/- 11 vs. 158 +/- 15 g/mm2, P less than 0.001). They also were composed of a mixture of fibrous tissue (58 +/- 8%) and myocytes (43 +/- 8%) with a hydroxyproline content of 23 +/- 2.5 mg/g dry weight. The nonreperfused scars had a higher proportion of fibrous tissue (73 +/- 3%) by histological evaluation and a 35% higher hydroxyproline content (31 +/- 2 mg/g dry weight, P less than 0.001) than the scars reperfused after 1 hour. In contrast, 3-week-old scars resulting from "late" reperfusion at 3 hours post-occlusion were similar to nonreperfused scars in fibrous tissue composition and hydroxyproline content. Nonetheless, the tensile strength of these scars reperfused 3 hours post-occlusion was significantly less than that of the nonreperfused scars (72 +/- 5 vs. 158 +/- 15 g/mm2, P less than 0.001). The lower tensile strength was associated with a lower collagen cross-link density in this reperfused group of scars. At physiological stress levels (approximately 3 g/mm2), all groups of reperfused and nonreperfused scars had similar mechanical properties in terms of natural strain, stiffness, creep, and stress relaxation. Thus, although the reperfused scars ruptured more easily at high stresses, when assessed at physiological stresses their mechanical properties were not significantly different from those of nonreperfused scars.

Frequency-dependent attenuation in breast tissue characterization

The aim of this study is to establish whether an index derived from the slope of the frequency-dependent ultrasonic attenuation can provide quantitative information on normal and pathological breast tissue. Ultrasonic measurements were performed by using pulsed transmitted ultrasound in the frequency range 2–8 MHz. Thirty-three specimens were selected for their probable pathologic classification, by macroscopic observation, before ultrasonic study, and subsequently histologically classified. Ultrasonic results suggest the possibility that the examined specimens fall into four groups: (1) fat, fibroadenoma, giant fibroadenoma, infiltrating ductal carcinoma, medullary carcinoma; (2) infiltrating lobular carcinoma, tubular carcinoma, scirrhous carcinoma; (3) fibrosis; (4) fibrofatty tissue, fibrocystic disease. Correlative morphological studies indicate that the employed index can classify breast tissues on the basis of their cellular and fibrous composition and the inhomogeneity of their structure.

Keratinization in the Harlequin Fetus

• Studies of keratinization in several harlequin fetuses have shown different abnormalities, suggesting that the disorder may have different causes. The histologie appearance, x-ray diffraction pattern, and fibrous polypeptide composition of the epidermis from two new cases of the harlequin fetus were found to differ from each other as well as from previously reported cases. Epidermal cells of one of the new cases were successfully cultured and showed large numbers of lysosomes. These findings support the hypothesis that the disease may have multiple causes. (<i>Arch Dermatol</i>1982;118:14-18)

Modification of Polypeptide Composition in Keratinocyte Fibrous Protein

The thick paw epidermis of the rat and the guinea pig showed a relatively increased amount of the heaviest fibrous polypeptide compared to the thinner epidermis of back and ear. The hyperplastic epidermis of mouse and rat induced by abrasion or painting with 12-0-tetra-decanoyl-phorbal-13-acetate (TPA) also revealed an increase in the heaviest polypeptide. The fibrous polypeptides of epidermis from scarred skin lacked components present in normal epidermis. Cultured epidermal cells showed a different fibrous polypeptide composition than the parent tissue which was altered when the cells were transplanted to an animal or grown on a dermal substrate in culture. Thus multiple factors such as hyperplasia, the dermis and cellular environment may modify the polypeptides synthesized by the keratinocyte.

THE DETERMINATION OF CONTACTS BETWEEN THE CONSTITUENTS OF CUT TOBACCO ASSEMBLIES

From the viewpoint of the quality evaluation of cigarettes, the firmness of cigarette is one of the most important properties. It has a high correlation to the bulk density and the stress of the cut tobacco assembly under the compressive conditiion.To clarify the compressive characteristics of the cut tobacco assembly, the dye and gelatin tracer techniques were applied to find the relationship between the bulk density of specimens and the number of contact points per cm of the constituent. The state of the specimen-to-tracer contact points was observed. As the samples of this examination, strips in three model forms, i.e., flat, curled and zigzag, were cut out from the uniform sheet reconstituted with the fibrous composition of tobacco leaf, instead of the cut tobacco.The following results were obtained:1) The number of contacts per cm of the specimen was related to increase with the increase in the bulk density by, N=βρmb N: number of contacts per cm of specimen ρb: bulk density of specimens (g/cm3) β, m: empirical constant2) The observation of the tracer attached to the specimen showed that the shreds receive compressive stress predominantly on the flat surfaces. The curled type specimen, in some cases, receives the stress on the side surfaces.

Temperature stable fibrous insulation composition and ‘wet’ package formed thereof : Miller, W.C. (Johns-Mansville Corporation) US Pat 4 040 847 (9 August 1977)

Temperature stable fibrous insulation composition and ‘wet’ package formed thereof : Miller, W.C. (Johns-Mansville Corporation) US Pat 4 040 847 (9 August 1977)

Case reports of ossifying fibromata in the striped mullet.

Ossifying fibromata are described from three striped mullet (Mugil cephalus) from the Gulf of Mexico near Galveston, Texas. The tumors were classified as ossifying fibromata based on their predominately fibrous composition, the presence of bone spicules in the larger tumors, and the absence of mitotic figures.

Morphologic observations of neosheath development of undifferentiated connective tissue development around artificial tendons.

AbstractThe management of severe flexor tendon injuries of the hand has been dramatically improved by tendon sheath reconstruction with an artificial tendon, followed by conventional tendon grafting. The purpose of this study was to investigate the nature of neosheath formation.In 25 chickens, the flexor tendons and sheaths in a toe were excised and replaced with a United States Army artificial tendon. An artificial tendon was also placed in the back, and four weeks later, tendons and surrounding tissue as well as normal tendon sheaths were excised and submitted for light, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.In all instances, neosheaths formed around the silastic coated artificial tendon. The neosheaths formed in the foot and back were similar to normal sheath, having the same cellular and fibrous composition. Reconstruction of the normal anatomy with an artificial tendon explains why this surgical technique gives superior results to other less physiologic procedures in patients with severe hand injuries.

Statistics of failure by unwinding of oriented glass-plastics

1. The utilization of the statistical model of failure of fibrous composition and the concept of failure viscosity permits describing the failure by segregation (unwinding); in this model the failure viscosity, the size of the fiber bundle and the number of elements are included as parameters in the corresponding distribution function. The effect of absolute dimensions on the failure by unwinding is expressed in the failure model in a less clear manner than in the case when the hypothesis of the weak link is used under the usual circumstances. 2. The resistance of the composition to unwinding and segregation could be characterized directly by the value of failure viscosity determined experimentally by testing annular specimens. The results of these tests are interpreted statistically in relation to the influence of the defects of the structure and surface of the tested specimens, and also of the temperature of the surrounding medium. 3. The utilization of the concept of failure viscosity for the description of the initiation of the process of unwinding and segregation provides the possibility to describe the influence of the dimensions of the initial defects on the resistance of the composition to failure of this type, taking into account the random variability of the values of failure viscosity.

The fine structure of isolated chromosomes

Interphase and metaphase chromosomes have been isolated by spreading unfixed cells on the Langmuir trough, followed by critical point drying. Both types of chromosomes prove to be made up of cylindrical fibers which average 250 A in diameter. Smaller 80 A fibers, interconnecting regions of the 250 A fibers, have sometimes been observed. Nucleoprotein extracts have also shown a similar fibrous composition when prepared by the same methods. Deoxyribonuclease digestion results in complete destruction of the fiber. It has been shown that current disagreement concerning dimensions and substructure may be due partly to a contamination artifact. Evidence for the identity of the fibers and a possible mechanism for the coiling of chromosomes are discussed.

ETIOLOGIC MECHANISMS IN CEREBRAL ATHEROSCLEROSIS. PRELIMINARY STUDY OF 3,839 CASES.

Atherosclerosis denotes a pathologic process primarily affecting the intima of larger arteries and characterized by focal thickening in which stainable lipids can be demonstrated. 1-3 The lesions have shown at one extreme almost exclusive fibrous composition with little lipid material; while at the other extreme, they may contain lipid accumulations of massive proportions. 4-6 Within the intracranial cavity, true atherosclerotic changes are seen chiefly along the vessels of the circle of Willis. Because of the nature of these changes, they are readily visible to the naked eye even in the earliest stages of their development. In spite of a very extensive literature on atherosclerosis, there is still considerable difference of opinion regarding the mechanisms involved in its etiology. 7-11 One of the great difficulties in evaluating the available medical literature with regard to specific etiologic factors in this degenerative arterial disease is the fact that investigators have used different recording and