Fiber Products Research Articles

Reclaiming lost nutrition

Reclaiming lost nutrition

Institutional Management Plan for Hazardous Chemical Substances in Textile Products

Due to accidents related to chemical substances at home and abroad, the effects of hazardous chemicals on the environment and interest in them are increasing. In order to prevent the occurrence of hazardous chemical accidents, it is first necessary to clarify institutional standards for hazardous chemicals. Among the daily life products in which hazardous chemicals are detected, textile products are in close contact with the human body for a very long time, and thus are closely related to human health. However, our society's interest in the health of chemical substances in textile products is still insignificant. Therefore, this paper examines the seriousness of hazardous chemical substances in textile products and the limitations of their management system, and considers institutional supplementary measures.<br/>Formaldehyde, arylamine, and dimethyl-fumarate, which are regulated as harmful substances in textile products, mainly cause skin diseases through skin contact, and may cause organ damage when absorbed into the body. In Korea, hazardous chemicals are regulated in advance through the KC system. However, this system regulates only some of the heavy metals that are eluted, and chemicals such as phenols and toluene are not subject to regulation. The issuance of the KC mark is poor, and there is a problem that there is no obligation to mark the certification mark if the product is not intended for under 14 years of age. Therefore, it is necessary to expand and strengthen the scope of the regulation. It is mandatory to re-inspect OEKO-TEX® STANDARD, the standard of multinational corporations, every three years. The KC system also needs to follow this.<br/>The post-safety management system used when harmful fiber products exceeding the regulatory standards were analyzed by dividing into a product accident investigation and a national recall system. In order to increase the recall recovery rate, it is necessary to strengthen the information collection system, improve business awareness, and classify the recall stage as supplementary measures. Companies need to provide highly reliable textile products to consumers by participating in the ZDHC and Higg Index, which are programs for reducing hazardous chemical substances in textiles.

Spanish Broom Fibres Properties and Extraction for Application in Composites: A Review

The development of a number of natural fibre products for textiles was attempted during the period of Italian autarchy (1935–1943) under the direct support of the Fascist regime. Among these was Spanish broom fibre, which derives from the stem of Spartium junceum, a spontaneous plant in large parts of Italy, especially in the Southern region of Calabria. The extraction of the fibre proved cumbersome though, especially for the hardness of the stem. Therefore, different retting processes were developed, mechanical, chemical and also bacterial, in the latter case through the use of Clostridium felsineum, which proved effective to a point, allowing the production of textiles. The historical events linked to the fall of the dictatorship led to some oblivion and also to the possible loss of archive materials. The objective of this review is to elicit ideas and developments concerning an effective extraction and degumming of Spanish broom fibres and evaluate the more recent applications to the field of biocomposites.

Genus 0 Gopakumar–vafa Invariants of the Banana Manifold

Abstract The Banana manifold $X_{Ban}$ is a compact Calabi–Yau threefold constructed as the conifold resolution of the fiber product of a generic rational elliptic surface with itself, which was first studied by Bryan. We compute Katz’s genus 0 Gopakumar–Vafa invariants of fiber curve classes on the Banana manifold $X_{Ban}\to \mathbf{P} ^1$. The weak Jacobi form of weight −2 and index 1 is the associated generating function for these genus 0 Gopakumar–Vafa invariants. The invariants are shown to be an actual count of structure sheaves of certain possibly non-reduced genus 0 curves on the universal cover of the singular fibers of $X_{Ban}\to\mathbf{P}^1$.

Effects of dietary fiber on glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract This review aimed to assess the effect of dietary fiber on short-term and long-term glycemic control and insulin responses in T2DM patients. Five electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in English and investigating one primary outcome—glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and six secondary outcomes—fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), two-hour postprandial glucose, two-hour postprandial insulin, and body mass index (BMI) through March 23, 2021. Of 3266 identified studies, 22 eligible RCTs comprising 911 participants with T2DM were included. Among them, 16 studies used soluble fiber and the rest used fiber from natural foods. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that soluble fiber was more efficient in controlling HbA1c and FBG than fiber from natural foods. Compared with the control, dietary fiber at a median dose of 10 g/day for a median intervention duration of 8 weeks significantly reduced HbA1c, FBG, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR. In conclusion, both soluble fiber products and fiber from natural foods are effective in improving glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in T2DM patients, the former yielding better effects. However, due to most of the evidence from rather short-term trials and the detected significant between-study heterogeneity, further long-term and high-quality RCTs are needed.

Synthesis of C/SiC core-shell fibers through siliconization of carbon fibers with SiO gas in semi-closed reactor

Novel C/SiC core-shell fibers have been synthesized through incomplete conversion of carbon fibers by their siliconization with SiO gas. The synthesis was performed in the laboratory-made semi-closed batch-type reactor at 1380 °C for 3 h using a 9:1 M ratio mixture of Si and SiO2 powders as a solid source of SiO gas. The conversion rate of carbon into SiC was 34.0%. All synthesized fibers had a distinct C/SiC core-shell composite structure. The fiber product was of fairly good uniformity in respect of the shell thickness which varied approximately from 0.6 μm to 0.8 μm depending on the location of fibers inside the reactor. It was revealed that the formation of the shell was the result of inward growth of the SiC product layer. The effectiveness of the proposed semi-closed reactor for the synthesis of C/SiC core-shell fibers has been demonstrated.

The Influence of Nutrition on Adiponectin-A Narrative Review.

The adipose tissue is an active endocrine organ which synthesizes and secretes a variety of adipokines, including adiponectin with its anti-inflammatory properties. Its expression is influenced by numerous factors such as age, sex, body weight and adipose tissue content. However, dietary factors, i.e., diet structure and the percentage of individual nutrients and products, are very important modulators. Beneficial dietary habits are the Mediterranean diet, DASH diet, diet based on plant products and diet with reduced energy value. Moreover, the share of individual products and nutrients which increase the concentration of adiponectin is worth noting. This group may include monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids, dietary fiber, polyphenols, alcohol and milk products. Conversely, dietary ingredients which have a negative effect on the concentration of adiponectin are typical components of the Western diet: saturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids, monosaccharides and disaccharides, and red meat. Furthermore, a diet characterized by a high glycemic index such as a high-carbohydrate low-fat diet also seems to be unfavorable. Due to the fact that available knowledge should be systematized, this study aimed to summarize the most recent research on the influence of dietary factors on the concentration of adiponectin.

Preparation of Molded Fiber Products from Hydroxylated Lignin Compounded with Lewis Acid-Modified Fibers Its Analysis.

In this study, molded fiber products (MFPs) were prepared from lignin compounded with Lewis acid-modified fibers using enzymatic hydrolysis lignin (EHL) as a bio-phenol. The fibers were modified and compounded entirely through hot-pressing. To improve the reactivity of enzymatic lignin, hydroxylated enzymatic hydrolysis lignin (HEHL) was prepared by hydroxylation modification of purified EHL with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and ferrous hydroxide (Fe(OH)3). HEHL was mixed uniformly with Lewis acid-modified fibers on a pressure machine and modified during the molding process. The purpose of Lewis acid degradation of hemicellulose-converted furfural with HEHL was to generate a resin structure to improve the mechanical properties of a MFPs. The microstructure of the MFP was shown to be generated by resin structure, and it was demonstrated that HEHL was compounded on Lewis acid-modified fibers during the molding process. The thermal stability of the MFP with composite HEHL did not change significantly owing to the addition of lignin and had higher tensile strength (46.28 MPa) and flexural strength (65.26 MPa) compared to uncompounded and modified MFP. The results of this study are expected to promote the application of high lignin content fibers in molded fibers.

Improving an intensified and integrated continuous bioprocess platform for biologics manufacturing.

The WuXi Biologics' Ultra-high Productivity platform (WuXiUP) technology is an innovative and integrated platform of continuous biomanufacturing. Through process intensification, the platform enables continuous manufacturing of almost any type of biologics and delivers processes with ultra-high productivity. In this paper, a new case study producing a monoclonal antibody (mAb) via the WuXiUP process was further optimized. Key process parameters like culture temperature, basal media, and perfusion rate were evaluated to ensure an enhanced and robust process. To improve process efficiency for downstream processing, a continuous dual-pore size hollow fiber cell separation and product harvest system were also designed to complement the increased harvest volume from upstream production. In this case study, a significant protein concentration increase and harvest volume reduction were achieved by the application of the new WuXiUP platform.

Gröbner bases for staged trees

In this article we consider the problem of finding generators of the toric ideal associated to a combinatorial object called a staged tree. Our main theorem states that toric ideals of staged trees that are balanced and stratified are generated by a quadratic Gr\"obner basis whose intial terms are squarefree. The proof of this result is based on Sullivant's toric fiber product construction.

Effects of high-temperature treatment and iron reduction index on tensile strength of basalt continuous fiber

Iron plays an important role in enhancing the tensile strength of basalt fibers (BFs); however, the origins of tensile-strength variation at high temperatures are not well understood. In this work, we prepared BFs with different iron reduction indices (IRI = Fe2+/Fetotal) and explored the effects of high temperature and IRI on tensile strength. The results show that BFs with higher IRIs retained better tensile strength after high-temperature treatment at 600°C for 1 h. The surface morphology was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy to observe the nanocrystalline layers on the surface of BFs with higher IRIs, and the main composition of the crystals was CaO. The formation of nanocrystalline layers increased the tensile strength of the BFs. Moreover, results from transmission 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicate that BFs with lower IRIs formed more ferric tetrahedral structures (Fe3+(tet)) after high-temperature treatment, which depolymerized Si(Al)-O-Si(Al) tetrahedral structures, resulting in lower tensile strength. A better understanding of the origin of microstructures in different iron coordination states and the tensile strength of BFs at high temperatures will assist in the development of advanced iron-bearing glass fiber products suitable for high-temperature environments.

Vanishing of Tor over fiber products

Let ( S , m , k ) (S,\mathfrak {m},k) and ( T , n , k ) (T,\mathfrak {n},k) be local rings, and let R R denote their fiber product over their common residue field k k . Inspired by work of Nasseh and Sather-Wagstaff, we explore consequences of the vanishing of T o r m R ( M , N ) \mathrm {Tor}^R_m(M,N) for various values of m m , where M M and N N are finitely generated R R -modules.

Controversies and Common Ground in Wild and Domestic Fine Fiber Production in Argentina

This work analyzes possible obstacles to developing new products or old merchandise using an innovative method. It will look into stakeholders of fine fiber and meat products from three distinctive socioecological systems. Through three case studies, we explore how natural resources management is connected to interests, values, and knowledge by stakeholders, which include government, the scientific community, and people with rural livelihoods. The government vertex is the national and provincial authorities involved with decision-makers at the national and provincial level. The Scientific-Technological vertex includes researchers from INTA, CONICET, and Universities. Rural livelihoods include livestock keepers, farmers, and local people with traditional knowledge. We will address the goods and services provided by two species of wild camelids and domestic livestock. The three cases have both similarities and differences in their focus and common ground of controversial spaces. They create complex networks of relationships and bonds leading to diverse outcomes. Top-down or bottom-up experiences hold distinct epistemology and research consequences, they affect rural livelihoods in various ways. For the three rural livelihoods, meaningful regulations should be endogenous social constructions. However, there are no longitudinal studies on the trajectories of these case studies. Long-term multispecies grazing opportunities are available for the three case studies. It depends on how stakeholders identify flexibility in their common ground to enable resilience to catastrophic events.

Luffa Gourd Production Practices from Transplanting and Direct Seeding Methods for Composite Productions

World is facing an increase of environmental concerns recently regarding on natural and synthetic fibers problems. Producing synthetic fibers may cost highly and create a few financial issues on the production matter. Moreover, synthetic fiber products have several disadvantages such as they are non-biodegradable. Some of them may cause health related problems and expose a significant risk. Researchers aimed to find the replacement for synthetic fibers with less cost production and renewable sources which lead to development of biomaterials-based composites production. Luffa is an eco-friendly crop, has been added as the new fibrous fruit with short harvest period. This study have applied a few practices using direct seeding and transplanting methods for low cost luffa production that aim for composites production. On the other hand, this study showed that transplanting (TP) method is better than direct seeding (DS) method based on the growth performance. TP method showed highest average of plant height (cm) and average total dry weight (g) of luffa fruits with 74.42±0.68 and 91.08±2.26 respectively whereas lower growth yield performance showed by DS method. Other parameters observed are the number of leaves and number of fruits which is a competent sources to the current composites sources, synthetic fibers. Hence, the results showed that luffa has the potential as a low cost and short harvest duration production plant.

Assessment of biological effects and harm to Japanese medaka due to carbonized carbon fibers generated by a pyrolysis carbon fiber recycling process

Carbon-fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRPs) are used as structural materials in the aircraft and automotive industries owing to their lightweight and high strength. With increasing global demand for CRFPs, their application as an alternative to metals is expected to expand to several other fields. Consequently, carbon fiber (CF) products, such as CFRPs, have been attracting attention, and are used worldwide. However, there is little scientific evidence on the safety of CFs. In addition, problems similar to those caused by microplastics will ultimately arise if milled CFs or CF dust are released into the aquatic environment. Therefore, on the basis of existing microplastics studies, we conducted a CF ecotoxicity experiment using Japanese medaka and confirmed that the medaka were harmed by fine CF particles in an aquatic environment under static conditions, such as stagnant water, although the CFs themselves did not exhibit notable toxicity. It is possible that the rate of infection by microorganisms increased as a result.

Molecular cloning and characterization of GhERF105, a gene contributing to the regulation of gland formation in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

BackgroundGossypium hirsutum L. (cotton) is one of the most economically important crops in the world due to its significant source of fiber, feed, foodstuff, oil and biofuel products. However, the utilization of cottonseed was limited due to the presence of small and darkly pigmented glands that contain large amounts of gossypol, which is toxic to human beings and non-ruminant animals. To date, some progress has been made in the pigment gland formation, but the underlying molecular mechanism of its formation was still unclear.ResultsIn this study, we identified an AP2/ERF transcription factor named GhERF105 (GH_A12G2166), which was involved in the regulation of gland pigmentation by the comparative transcriptome analysis of the leaf of glanded and glandless plants. It encoded an ERF protein containing a converved AP2 domain which was localized in the nucleus with transcriptional activity, and showed the high expression in glanded cotton accessions that contained much gossypol. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) against GhERF105 caused the dramatic reduction in the number of glands and significantly lowered levels of gossypol in cotton leaves. GhERF105 showed the patterns of spatiotemporal and inducible expression in the glanded plants.ConclusionsThese results suggest that GhERF105 contributes to the pigment gland formation and gossypol biosynthesis in partial organs of glanded plant. It also provides a potential molecular basis to generate ‘glandless-seed’ and ‘glanded-plant’ cotton cultivar.

Pseudo-effective cones of projective bundles and weak Zariski decomposition

In this article, we consider the projective bundle $\mathbb{P}_X(E)$ over a smooth complex projective variety $X$, where $E$ is a semistable bundle on $X$ with $c_2(End(E)) =0$. We give a necessary and sufficient condition to get the equality $ Nef^1\bigl(\mathbb{P}_X(E)\bigr) = \overline{Eff}^1\bigl(\mathbb{P}_X(E)\bigr)$ of nef cone and pseudoeffective cone of divisors in $\mathbb{P}_X(E)$. As an application of our result, we show the equality of nef and pseudoeffective cones of divisors of projective bundles over some special varieties. In particular, we show that weak Zariski decomposition exists on these projective bundles. We also show that a semistable bundle $E$ of rank $r \geq 2$ with $c_2\bigl(End(E)\bigr) = 0$ on a smooth complex projective variety of Picard number 1 is $k$-homogeneous i.e. $\overline{Eff}^k\bigl(\mathbb{P}_X(E)\bigr) = Nef^k\bigl(\mathbb{P}_{X}(E)\bigr)$ for all $1 \leq k < r$. Finally, we show that weak Zariski decomposition exists for a fibre product $\mathbb{P}_C(E)\times_C\mathbb{P}(E')$ over a smooth projective curve $C$.

Investment in Land Restoration: New Perspectives with Special Reference to Australia

Environmental services of biodiversity, clean water, etc., have been considered byproducts of farming and grazing, but population pressures and a move from rural to peri-urban areas are changing land use practices, reducing these services and increasing land degradation. A range of ecosystem markets have been reversing this damage, but these are not widely institutionalized, so land managers do not see them as “real” in the way they do for traditional food and fiber products. There are difficulties defining and monitoring non-food/fiber ecosystem services so they can be reliably marketed, and those markets that do operate usually do so in a piecemeal single product way in the interest of simplicity for the buyer, and seldom adequately regulate or compensate land managers for non-market benefits. New profitable uses of degraded water and regenerating land are emerging, but they require technology transfer or supply chain development to facilitate adoption. There is a need for a transformational change in the way land and water are used to promote a broader approach, so environmental services become a mainstream activity for land managers. A far-sighted Philanthropist is required to support an International institution to take up the challenge of institutionalizing such a ‘brokerage’ system to operate globally.

On the (a)symmetric effects of real exchange rate on trade flows: new evidence from US–Vietnam trade balance at the industry level

In this paper, we examined the asymmetric and symmetric effects of real exchange rate on bilateral trade balance between the United States and Vietnam at the industry level by employing both ARDL and NARDL models. We found that (i) only symmetric real exchange rate is statistically significant in explaining the total trade balance between the US and Vietnam in the long-run at the 10% statistical significant level; (ii) the effect at the industry level is mixed and dependent on product category; and (iii) the asymmetric effects are found in both short-run and long-run in 29 industries which account for 69% of the total industry. These findings suggest that Vietnam could import more commodities with a high import weight such as agricultural products, cork and wood, textile fiber, chemicals, and machinery products to reduce the US’s trade deficit.

Modernizing Traditional Methods of Farming using Farming Robot

This paper pertains to the study of a prototype which modernizes the agricultural sector. It has the ability to perform basic operations such as irrigation activity and monitoring of plants frequently without much manual labor. In addition to the above-mentioned functionalities, the system is trained for detecting diseases in plants. Agriculture is an area of prime importance in the existence of humanity. It is a process of cultivating land and plants to provide food, fiber, medicines and other products to enhance the quality of life. It is considered to be the main pivoting point in the rise of our civilization. In the proposed system ROFAR, detection of plant disease is achieved with the help of image processing and machine learning methods. Prompt and accurate detection of plant diseases is crucial for the quality and yield of crops. Advanced diagnosis and intervention can lower the cost of plant diseases and trim down the use of unnecessary pesticides. Images of leaves of different plant species were gathered and feature extraction was performed. As a result, the system was able to classify the plants based on its ailments accurately. The ROFAR gathers the images of the plants for disease detection from the field and were given as input to Convolution Neural Network (CNN) which then classifies the images as healthy or infected. The proposed system ROFAR undergoes a training phase and a testing phase. The system is trained by providing various samples of the normal and diseased plants. On completion of training phase, the system can identify any new images of plants as healthy, late blight, viral or bacterial. The system also facilitates the moisture detection in the soil. With these functionalities, crops with better quality and yield can be obtained from the field.