Feeling Of Nausea Research Articles

PEMBERIAN AROMATERAPI MINYAK PEPPERMINT SECARA INHALASI BERPENGARUH TERHADAP PENURUNAN MUAL MUNTAH PADA IBU HAMIL DI PMB LINDA SILALAHI PANCUR BATU TAHUN 2019

Feelings of nausea and vomiting are one of the discomforts that are often found in pregnancy and which usually occur early in pregnancy. The handling of vomiting and nausea can be done through non-pharmacological therapy in the form of peppermint oil inhaled aromatherapy that is noninstructive, non-invasive, inexpensive, effective and has no side effects. This study aims to determine the effect of peppermint oil inhaled aromatherapy on decreasing the nausea and vomiting in pregnant women at the private clinic of Linda Silalahi Pancur Batu. This research is a pre-experimental study designed with one group pretest posttest designs examining 15 pregnant women as samples obtained through purposive sampling techniques. Then the data were analyzed by the Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test and based on the results of the study it was found that before the inhalation of the peppermint oil aromatherapy, majority of the pregnant women experienced moderate nausea, 12 people (80%), but after the aromatherapy majority of pregnant women did not experience nausea vomiting, 12 people (80%). It was also found that differences in the mean scores of nausea and vomiting of pregnant women before and after inhalation of peppermint oil aromatherapy were 6.13. Through the Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test obtained p value of 0.001, which means that there is an effect aromatherapy to decrease nausea and vomiting in pregnant women at private clinic of Linda Silalahi Pancur Batu. Pregnant women who experience nausea and vomiting can use peppermint oil inhaled aromatherapy to reduce the use of pharmacological therapy.

Pelatihan Senam Hamil Pada Ibu Trimester III Di Desa Namasula

Women who are young pregnant will feel nauseous, vomiting, chills and weakness. This feeling of nausea and vomiting will decrease until the first trimester ends. In the second trimester the body has begun to adapt and the feeling of nausea and vomiting has begun to decrease. However, in the third trimester, complaints caused by enlargement of the stomach, anatomical changes and hormonal changes will cause the appearance of complaints in pregnant women. These complaints include lower back pain, shortness of breath, varicose veins, haemorrhoid, sleep disorders, diastasis recti, pelvic pain and others. One of the complaints of pregnant women is sleep disorders that are often experienced by pregnant women, even though the pregnancy is normal. Pregnancy exercise is a form of antenatal care. Pregnancy exercise has been shown to help change the body's metabolism during pregnancy. Pregnancy exercise will help heart function so that pregnant women will feel healthier and don't feel short of breath Exercise and relaxation techniques during pregnancy are needed to reduce anxiety for pregnant women. Pregnancy exercise is one of the sports activities that mothers can do during pregnancy. The benefits of pregnancy exercise include mental and physical preparation of pregnant women in order to achieve a physiological, natural and comfortable delivery, as well as strengthening the pelvic floor muscles to prepare for pushing and to achieve optimal relaxation during pregnancy to delivery, both physically and psychologically.Keywords: pregnancy exercise, pregnancy.

HUBUNGAN ANTARA STATUS GRAVIDA DAN USIA IBU DENGAN KEJADIAN EMESIS GRAVIDARUM BULAN JANUARI-AGUSTUS 2017 DI BPM VERONIKA DAN BPM ENDANG SUTIKNO KOTA KEDIRI.

In pregnancy, pregnant women have experience with emesis gravidarum about 67.9%. Pregnancy is a natural event. Woman's body will change during pregnancy. Some uncomfortable thing will appear along with physiological changes during pregnancy such as nausea, vomiting, frequent urination, and lower back pain. The most uncomfortable one was nausea and vomiting. Nausea and vomiting were as known as emesis gravidarum. Nausea and vomiting during pregnancy is a common symptom and often occurs in the first trimester of pregnancy. Feelings of nausea occur because of increased levels of the hormone of estrogen and HCG in serum.; The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between gravida status and maternal age with the incidence of emesis gravidarum in January-August 2017 at BPM Veronika and BPM Endang Sutikno Kediri. Methods in this research were an analytical survey with a cross-sectional approach. The population was 120 with a sample of 93 respondents, using simple random sampling technique.;The researcher was collecting the data using the recapitulation sheet from January to August 2017. The result of the gravida status that counted with Chi-Square obtained χ2 count value of 6,8 then at the χ2 table at significance level and df 1 is 3,841 so χ2 value ; χ2 table. The result of maternal age that counted with Chi-Square obtained a χ2 count of 4,26 then at the χ2 table at a significance level of df 1 is 3,841 so χ2 count; 2 table. It can be concluded that there was a relationship between gravida status and maternal age with the occurrence of emesis gravidarum in January-August 2017 at BPM Veronika and BPM Endang Sutikno Kediri.

Zdravstvena njega oboljelih od peptičkog ulkusa po procesu zdravstvene njege

INTRODUCTION: Peptic ulcer is a group of upper gastrointestinal ulcer diseases in which the aggressive effect of hydrochloric acid and pepsin on the mucous membrane of this system plays the most significant role. The two most common causes of peptic ulcer are Helicobacter pylori eradication and overuse of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In this paper is presented the patient with duodenal ulcer treated at the University Hospital Foča in the Department of Gastroenterology. VIEW OF THE PATIENT: Patient aware, oriented, acting exhausted, shortness of breath, moderately nourished, afebrile, acyanotic, pronounced general weakness and languor, gait instability and dizziness. Pulse 100/min,TA 160/100mmhg. The troubles began with a feeling of nausea, and three days before admission he threw up dark contents. After that he had a dark excrement on a couple of occasions. The problems became more and more acute, and after the laboratory analyzes he was sent to the University Hospital in Foca. States that he has been drinking a lot of pain medication for 4-5 months because of the severity of his spine pain(isialgia). Receives hypertension medications. The patient's mother had stomach problems, denied allergies, and food or medication. The patient gave us information that he is a non-smoker and occasionally he consumed alcohol. Chronic cough and thick cough expectoration are present, lasting for a long period. After a thorough history, a physical examination of the findings of the esophagogastroduodenoscopy, the gastroenterologist made the diagnosis - Ulcer of the duodenum. CONCLUSION: After the completion of hospitalization, the patient's physical and mental condition improved significantly. The patient expressed satisfaction with the quality of health services, information received, health care and hospital treatment.

From appearance to essence: 10years review of atypical amniotic fluid embolism.

Amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) is an unpredictable and unpreventable complication of maternity. The presentation may range from relatively subtle clinical events to sudden maternal cardiac arrest. However, the neglected diagnosis of non-classical form of AFE (atypical AFE) is very common. The aim of this study was to examine population-based regional data from Suzhou, China. Based on the analysis of all available case reports, we put forward an outline of atypical AFE and investigate whether any variation identified could be ascribed to methodology. Retrospective study from January 2004 to December 2013, 53 cases was identified from the database of Center for Disease Control (CDC) in the city of Suzhou. We investigated the presentations of atypical AFE and maternal characteristics with potential factors underlying AFE. Multiple-regression analysis was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The incidence of AFE was 6.91 per 100,000 deliveries (53/766,895). Seventeen deaths occurred, a mortality rate of 32%. Atypical AFE may as the earlier stage or mild form of AFE, there was no death case in the study with timely remedy. The atypical AFE appear is obstetric hemorrhage and/or pulmonary and renal dysfunction postpartum. Hyperfibrinolysis and coagulopathy may the early laboratory findings of atypical AFE. Atypical and classical AFE shared the same risks, such as advanced maternal age, placental abnormalities, operative deliveries, eclampsia, cervical lacerations, and induction of labor. Staying alert to premonitory symptoms of AFE is critical to turn it to a remediable disease. Patient complaints such as breathlessness, chest pain, feeling cold, distress, panic, a feeling of nausea, and vomiting should elicit close attention. The management of a suspected episode of amniotic fluid embolism is generally considered to be supportive. Hysterectomy must be performed if there is further progression of symptoms. Due to advances in acute care, mortality has decreased in recent years, highlighting the importance of early detection and treatment.

Factors related to nausea/vomiting in lung cancer patients receiving chemotherapy

Background: The incidence and severity of Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) vary from patient to patient and are dependent on the emetogenicity of chemotherapy agents. Understanding of the correlations between demographic characteristics and nausea/vomiting, nurses could provide early nursing interventions for preventing CINV, thereby alleviating patients’ discomfort. Methods: A cross-sectional, correlational design was used. The purpose of this study was to understand the level of nausea/vomiting and related factors in lung cancer patients receiving chemotherapy and to determine the correlations between demographic characteristics and nausea/vomiting. The participants were a total of 70 lung cancer patients who had received at least one cycle of Cisplatin (50-75 mg/m 2 ) and had previous experience of nausea/vomiting during chemotherapy. A demographic data sheet and the Morrow Assessment of Nausea and Emesis were used to collect and monitor participants’ level of nausea and vomiting. Results: Among the lung cancer patients receiving chemotherapy, 61.4% had moderate to severe nausea; 28.6% had mild to severe vomiting; 72.9% reported that the feeling of nausea lasted for 2 to 5 hours; 51.4% stated that the most severe nausea occurred during 12 and 24 hours after receiving chemotherapy. The patients with previous experience of motion sickness had higher level of nausea during chemotherapy ( p = .036); the patients who received the sixth or more cycles of chemotherapy had higher level of vomiting during chemotherapy ( p = .010); the patients who had higher level of nausea had higher frequency of additional use of antiemetics ( p < .0001). Conclusions: The results showed the patients with previous experience of motion sickness or those with additional use of antiemetics were likely to have higher level of nausea. Chemotherapy cycles were correlated with patients’ level of vomiting. Therefore, nurses should provide appropriate pre-chemotherapy nursing interventions for lung cancer patients with previous experience of motion sickness or those receiving the sixth or more cycles of chemotherapy to prevent the occurrence of nausea and vomiting.

The prospective randomized controlled study about tolerability of transnasal esophagogastroduodenoscopy

Objective To study the tolerability and clinical value of transnasal esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Methods A prospective randmnized controlled study has been designed. A total of 120 patients have been enrolled into the study, who were randomly divided into the transnasal group and the oral group （n = 60 cases in each group）. Vomiting frequency, pulse rate, SBP and nasal hemorrhage were recorded delively before the examination,and at every 2-rain till the end of the examination. Results The examination time were （362.9±112.6）s in transnasal group, and （412.1 ± 162.2）s in oral group （t =2.12,P〈 0. 05）. The questionnaire survey showed that patients in transnasal group had less vomitting and cough than in oral group （ t = 2. 26 ,P 〈 0. 05 ）. Fluctuation of SBP and pulse rate in patients undergoing transnasal gastruscope was less than in those undergoing oral procedures （t =2. 36 and 2.58 ,P 〈0. 05）. According to the surey, the patients in transnasal group got less feelings of nausea or vomiting than in oral group. Only 2 （3.3%） patients felt mild pain in nasal cavity. The other 56 （96. 6% ,56/58） felt no pain at all. All the patients would like to accept the transnasal esophagogastroduodenoscopy next time, while half of the patients in oral group disliked peroral gastroscopy. Conclusion The study demonstrates much more tolerability in patients undergoing transnasal esophagogastroduodenoseopy than peroral. Key words: Endoscopy, digestive system; Blood pressure; Pulse; Tolerability

Local Anesthesia Versus Placebo in Flexible Nasopharyngo-laryngoscopy

Background: The flexible nasopharyngolaryngoscopy is the commonest procedure in both out patients and in patients for the diagnosis of diseases. Since this procedure is at best uncomfortable and at worst intolerable making the procedure difficult, so topical anesthesia is generally used prior the procedure. Objective: To analyze and compare the role of local anesthesia with placebo in flexible nasopharyngolaryngoscopy. Materials and Methodology: A prospective, longitudinal and analytical study conducted among 84 patients required flexible nasopharyngolaryngoscopy dividing in two groups of 4% xylocaine and normal saline spray each. The questionnaires about nasal pain, throat discomfort, bad taste, feeling of nausea and overall discomfort were filled up by using numeric rating scale. Data was analyzed using SPSS 11.5 software. Results: Regarding the nasal pain, throat pain, feeling of nausea and overall discomfort, they were statistically not significant in both groups. Whereas the bad taste score was less in normal saline spray group as compared to 4% xylocaine spray group showing statistically significant (p=0.000). Conclusion: Though we do use topical local anesthesia frequently for the flexible nasopharyngolaryngoscopy, there is no such extra benefit as compared to normal saline spray. Keywords: Flexible nasopharyngolaryngoscopy, normal saline, topical anesthesia. Read more →

Short-term digestive tolerance of high-dose of NUTRIOSE®FB10 in adult

NUTRIOSE®FB10 is a dextrin considered a dietary fiber. The present study aims to assess the digestive tolerance of a high dose of NUTRIOSE®FB10 consumed over the day, and its effect on digestive symptoms. In a randomized, double-blind, cross-over trial, 12 healthy men ingested 1 l/day orange juice containing 50 g either NUTRIOSE®FB10 or placebo (maltodextrin) in three equal doses at breakfast, lunch and 4:00 pm meal. Bloating, borborygmus, flatulence, nausea feelings, stomach ache, transit and stool consistency were evaluated at different times after the first consumption. Questionnaires on well-being and bowel movement were completed at 24 and 48 h. For all data except stool consistency, the area under the curve, the maximum score and the time of this maximum were calculated. For stool consistency, the mean score over 48 h was determined. There was no statistical difference between NUTRIOSE®FB10 and placebo on each criterion. NUTRIOSE®FB10 is well tolerated during a single day at 50 g divided into three doses.

Left Eye Proptosis in an 11-Year-Old Child

Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABC) are uncommon non-neoplastic expansile lesions of the bone. They usually affect long bones and vertebrae in childhood and early adulthood. Skull involvement is quite rare. Only a few cases of orbital involvement were described in the literatures. We are presenting a case of ABC that affects the orbit causing proptosis and external ophthalmoplegia.An 11-year-old girl known to have a chronic seizure disorder and school performance difficulties presented with a four month history of rapidly progressing left orbital swelling and redness. This was associated with double vision, occasional throbbing headache and feelings of nausea. The patient and her family denied any history of trauma. Her past medical and family histories were otherwise non-contributory. Physical examination revealed a left eye proptosis with mild conjunctivitis (Figure 1). She had complete left external ophthalmoplegia with pupil sparing. The left orbit was non-tender with no detectable bruit. Visual acuity in both eyes was 20/20 (right) and 20/50 (left). Fundoscopic examination revealed mild papilledema in the left eye. The rest of the physical examination was essentially normal. Computerized tomography scan of the brain revealed a left fronto-orbital expansile bony lesion with multiple cystic compartments, distorting the left orbital roof (Figure 2). The lesion pushed the eye globe laterally and externally. Magnetic resonance imaging of the left orbit confirmed that the lesion was extradural, displacing rather than infiltrating the left frontal dura, causing mass effect on the left frontal lobe.Within the lesion, the cystic components exhibited fluid-fluid levels (Figure 3 a,b,c).

A controlled study of the time-course of breath alcohol concentration after moderate ingestion of ethanol following a social drinking session

This paper evaluates the breath alcohol concentration (BrAC), nausea (feeling of being slightly intoxicated) and subjective driving performance after ingesting a moderate dose of alcohol in the presence of a light meal, which intends to approach a social drinking setting. 119 healthy individuals (69 males and 50 females, aged 21.7 ± 3.0) ingested three glasses of wine (95 mL each) and their BrAC was determined by an Alcotest 7410 at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min post-drinking. 46% of females and no male subjects exceeded a BrAC of 0.25 mg/L, the legal limit for driving fixed by some Western countries. 53% of the study population felt nausea during the experimental session and 20% self-reported impairment of their driving skills. In both cases these subjective effects were more pronounced in females. The major determinants of mean BrAC were time post-drinking, gender (male) and body mass index (BMI), all these variables being inversely associated. Females and individuals with a BMI lower than 22.5 kg/m 2 were at an increased risk of exceeding the legal limit of BrAC. The feeling of nausea was significantly associated with gender (females), the ingestion of up to 2 drinks on weekdays, and having exceeded a BrAC of 0.25 mg/L during the experimental study. The main predictor of self-perception of impaired driving skills was the feeling of nausea, followed by a BrAC in excess of 0.25 mg/L. In conclusion, both females and subjects with lower BMI are at an increased risk of exceeding the legal limit of BrAC after moderate alcohol consumption resembling a social drinking setting.

Effects of a Dynamic Seat Pan on Torso Movement, Back Comfort, and Task Performance

Thirty-six subjects, half with back pain, performed 1-hour sessions, including 3 × 10-minute tasks separated by 2 × 10-minute relaxation tasks, while sitting on both a static seat (SS) and a rotary dynamic seat (DS) at fixed speed. Ss torso movement was greater for the DS condition (p=.000) and while performing active versus passive tasks (p=.000). However, personal comfort measures for postural stability (p&lt;.000), postural instability (p&lt;.003), limitations in writing and typing (p&lt;.001), feelings of nausea (p&lt;.023), and dizziness (p&lt;.024) were worse for the DS condition than for the SS condition. The DS did not significantly affect task performance or back pain. Ss without pre-existing back pain made more negative than positive comments on the chair's motion than those with back pain. Allowing intermittent use of the DS with personal control of the speed of rotation according to task demands and comfort level, may afford some benefits.

Gastric Perforation Due to a Trichobezoar in a Normal Healthy Woman

Purpose: We report a case of a 28-year-old female who presented to emergency department with excruciating epigastric pain that started after she felt a pop in her stomach. The pain was stabbing in nature and associated with feeling of nausea. Prior to this episode, she reported history of intermittent abdominal pain for a period of few months. Her past history was unremarkable, but her mother and husband reported later that they had stopped her from pulling and eating her own hair. She was married, had 2 children and gave no history of any mental illness. A physical examination revealed guarding and rigidity in the epigastric region. Abdominal computed tomography showed free air under the diaphragm (blue arrow), a break in the anterior gastric wall (green arrow) and a large heterogeneous mass in the stomach (yellow arrow) in Figure 1. An initial diagnosis of foreign body/bezoar with perforated ulcer was made. Patient underwent emergent lapartomy which revealed a large trichobezoar (Fig. 2) and a perforation on the anterior wall of the stomach. The bezoar was extracted through an anterior longitudinal gastrotomy. Both the gastrotomy and the perforation were then sutured with regional omental patch. The postoperative period was uneventful. Trichobezoar is a rare diagnosis. Our case is unique as the patient described is a healthy woman with no psychiatric or surgical history. Vague, low grade abdominal pain is a common complaint and clinicians may tend to overlook it. This case emphasizes need for thorough work up in cases of vague unrelenting abdominal pain.[figure1][figure2]FigureFigure

Patients' experiences of their intake of food and fluid following gastrectomy due to tumor.

Several studies have documented patients' intake of parenteral and enteral nutrition following gastrointestinal surgery. There is a lack of knowledge, however, regarding patients' experiences of intake of food and fluid following gastrointestinal surgery. The aim of this study was to describe patients' experiences of their appetite, hunger, changes in weight, and intake of food and fluid three months after gastrointestinal surgery due to tumor. Fifteen patients were invited to be interviewed regarding their experiences following gastrointestinal surgery due to tumor. The method used for data analysis was a qualitative content analyses approach. The categorization of data identified three themes: 1) the struggle to eat and drink; 2) bodily estrangement; and 3) nutritional treatment regimens. These three themes consisted of subthemes such as: lack of appetite and hunger; difficulties in eating and drinking; feelings of nausea; and fighting and adaptation. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of these patients' nutritional regimen and suggest the individual's personal situation and living circumstances should be considered when developing a nutritional plan following gastrointestinal surgery for tumor.

Virtual information space navigation: Evaluating the use of head tracking

This paper reports a study of information search in a three-dimensional virtual information space. A comparison was made of performance with and without head tracking, as provided by a virtual reality headset. Twenty-five percent of participants in a head tracking condition experienced feelings of nausea, and efficiency of navigation was poorer in this condition than in a comparison condition in which participants viewed the virtual environment on a conventional CRT. Spatial ability interacted with 'head tracking' condition, with low spatial ability participants performing more poorly when using head tracking than when this facility was not available. It is concluded that the use of dual input systems in the head tracking condition (head tracking and mouse) increased the cognitive demands placed on participants, resulting in a less 'robust' interface.

Dysfunctional Illness Behaviour: Personal predicament and medical dilemma

The effects of dysfunctional illness behaviour are considered both in terms of the individual and health service resources. Probable aetiological factors are considered and approaches to management and treatment discussed. The role of education is considered in the prevention and amelioration of dysfunctional illness behaviour.It is a phenomenon that has been described using many names. Hypochondria, somatisation disorder, factitious disorder, hysteria, Munchausen's syndrome and conversion disorder to name but a few. The latest name is Dysfunctional Illness Behaviour (DIB) and it perhaps best describes the phenomenon. They are often referred to as ‘heartsink’ patients because of the feelings they induce in health professionals. (O'Dowd, 1988).DIB refers to the over-emphasis of various symptoms such as muscular problems, feelings of nausea, aches and pains in various parts of the body, dizziness and fainting. Further, the person exhibiting DIB will insist that these symptoms signal some serious and often life-threatening physical illness. The nausea will signal stomach cancer, the earache an early warning sign of meningitis, and pins and needles will be interpreted as a certain symptom of motor neurone disease. Despite reassurance and exhaustive tests they will remain unconvinced and instead take their, by now burgeoning, file of medical notes to the next unsuspecting health professional in the hope of receiving what they will describe as a more ‘sympathetic and understanding ear’.This reaction of patients to disturbing and mysterious symptoms is very understandable. Western culture especially is distinguished by its emphasis on physical as opposed to psychological distress. Often psychological illness is relegated to being ‘imaginary’. Given this attitude it is not surprising that patients try to legitimise their suffering by attaching an organic label to it. It is still not completely accepted that all illnesses have a psychological as well as an organic component.The vapours, neurasthenia, hysteria, melancholia and hypochondria were once all considered to be purely physical illnesses but are now viewed as primarily psychological problems (Richmond, 1989).DIB can be an expensive problem—both for the health service and the individual. One patient with Munchausen's syndrome totalled hospital fees of a quarter of a million pounds, including eleven operations and almost three years in hospital. Railway Spine, an illness popular in Victorian times, led to huge claims for compensation and led people to live lives of chronic invalidism. Originally considered to be caused by the jolting of spinal nerves it was eventually recognised as an anxiety disorder.

Corrosive gastritis mimicking linitis plastica carcinoma

A 59-year-old female with depressive tendencies was admitted suffering from hematemesis and abdominal pain, two hours after ingestion of an unknown amount of toilet bowl cleaner (hydrochloric acid, pH 1.0). A barium study 24 days after ingestion revealed rigid narrowing and granulation of the entire stomach. The esophagus and duodenum were normal. The radiographic results were similar to those obtained for linitis plastica carcinoma of the stomach, but biopsy specimens of the stomach revealed no cancer cells. A total gastrectomy was performed about two months after ingestion to relieve the persistent feeling of nausea. Specimens revealed a rigid and thickening lining and a denuded mucosal surface of the stomach. The cut surface of the specimen showed a remarkable fibrous thickening of the submucosal layer. Microscopic examination failed to reveal a normal mucosal layer except in a narrow area of the fornix, and remarkable fibrosis of the submucosal lining was noted. No cancer cells were found. Corrosive gastritis has a linitis plastica appearance with a predilection for the antrum. Radiological examination revealed the very rare manifestation of a rigid narrowing of the whole stomach mimicking linitis plastica type cancer.

Sensitization and tolerance to apomorphine in men: Yawning, growth hormone, nausea, and hyperthermia

This study investigated whether the indices of dopaminergic function, yawning and growth hormone release induced by apomorphine, as well as the drug-induced nausea and hyperthermia, show sensitization or tolerance to repeated injections. Five normal volunteers received 12 injections of apomorphine hydrochloride (0.75 mg/70 kg) every 2 weeks. Yawning, as measured by the latency of onset and the time of peak activity, showed sensitization. The growth hormone response showed no change. Feelings of nausea and hyperthermia showed tolerance to repeated injections. These findings suggest that yawning may be a suitable index of dopaminergic function in studies of schizophrenia.

A randomized trial of dexamethasone and acetazolamide for acute mountain sickness prophylaxis

Forty-seven climbers participated in a double-blind, randomized trial comparing acetazolamide 250 mg, dexamethasone 4 mg, and placebo every eight hours as prophylaxis for acute mountain sickness during rapid, active ascent of Mount Rainier (elevation 4,392 m). Forty-two subjects (89.4 percent) achieved the summit in an average of 34.5 hours after leaving sea level. At the summit or high point attained above base camp, the group taking dexamethasone reported less headache, tiredness, dizziness, nausea, clumsiness, and a greater sense of feeling refreshed (p ≤0.05). In addition, they reported fewer problems of runny nose and feeling cold, symptoms unrelated to acute mountain sickness. The acetazolamide group differed significantly (p ≤0.05) from other groups at low elevations (1,300 to 1,600 m), in that they experienced more feelings of nausea and tiredness, and they were less refreshed. These drug side effects probably obscured the previously established prophylactic effects of acetazolamide for acute mountain sickness. Separate analysis of an acetazolamide subgroup that did not experience side effects at low elevations revealed a prophylactic effect of acetazolamide similar in magnitude to the dexamethasone effect but lacking the euphoric effects of dexamethasone. This study demonstrates that prophylaxis with dexamethasone can reduce the symptoms associated with acute mountain sickness during active ascent and that acetazolamide can cause side effects that may limit its effectiveness as prophylaxis against the disease.

Effect of oral intake of cesium chloride: a single case report.

The author volunteered to experience on himself the effect of short-term, i.e., 36 consecutive days, oral administration of cesium chloride. Cesium chloride was given 6 g per day into two equally divided doses. The drug was dissolved in 8 ounces fluid and consumed immediately after the morning and evening meals which were diet-restricted to wheat bran and certain grain products, to attain approximately 1% potassium intake, for the initial 3 weeks. Bread products were discontinued and yogurt and cottage cheese products were reinstituted for the two week period that followed prior to reinstituting of the preceding food regimens. There was an initial general feeling of well-being and heightened sense perception. A gradual decrease in appetite was noted initially before it was stabilized at a later date. Discontinuation of rich bread meals resulted in pre-nausea sensation which was followed by diarrhea 48 hr later. The institution of high potassium nutrition decreased the feeling of nausea and abolished diarrhea. A "tingling" sensation in the lip and cheek regions was experienced 15 min subsequent the cesium chloride dosage compared to same sensation occurring at moderate intensity in hands and feet at end of the experiment. No adverse effects of CsCl were noted in performance of mathematical analyses or in driving skill. It is concluded that CsCl is devoid from toxicity provided adequate diet and supplements are administered.