Federal Target Program Research Articles

State and prospects for the development of hemp cultivation in the Russian Federation

Abstract The article discusses the prerequisites for the revival of the hemp industry. The reasons for the reduction in hemp sown areas and the state of hemp production in different years are shown. The characteristics of this crop as a raw material for the processing industry are given. Numerous types of products obtained from hemp during processing are given. The prospects for the further development of hemp through the federal target program “Development of breeding and seed production of industrial crops in the Russian Federation” are considered. Data are presented on the sown areas on the territory of the Russian Federation from 2010 to 2023, on the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan from 2021 to 2023.

THE INCIDENCE OF DIABETES MELLITUS IN THE ADULT POPULATION OF MOSCOW IN 2013-2022

Diseases of the endocrine system continue to be an acute social problem for the state. The negative trend in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, as well as the increase in the number of cases among adolescents and people of working age, should be the main driver for building a sustainable health care system. to analyze the incidence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the adult population of Moscow and the Russian Federation in the period 2013-2022 according to official statistics. A statistical analysis of the official statistics of the Federal State Budgetary Institution «TSNIIOIZ» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation and the Center for Medical Statistics (CMS) of Moscow was carried out. During the period of termination of the implementation of the Federal Target program «Diabetes Mellitus» in 2013-2022, the indicators of primary and general morbidity of DM1 and 2 in the adult population of Moscow throughout the analyzed period were statistically significantly lower than similar indicators for the Russian Federation as a whole. The results of the analysis of the incidence of diabetes mellitus among the adult population aged 18 years and older in Moscow are characterized by a more pronounced decrease in primary morbidity and an outstripping increase in the overall incidence of DM1 and DM2, which requires further improvement of measures aimed at preventing the development of diabetes and its complications, improving measures to account for identified diseases and subsequent routing of patients.

Market research of russian medical construction facilities: cost estimation and investments in construction programs

Within the framework of the study, conditions are analyzed, cost estimates and other characteristics of large construction projects in the medical field are presented. The article analyzes investment projects of construction medical facilities in the Russian Federation. Plans for the development of some large medical networks are also briefly highlighted. A review of literature sources on health development programs of the subjects of the Russian Federation was conducted, federal target programs were considered, investment projects for the construction of medical facilities planned for completion in 2023-2025 were studied. Some analytical results of monitoring for 2020-2023 on the activity of the investment market in the direction of the Russian strategic and institutional design of the construction of medical facilities in the Russian Federation are presented.

Current state and prospects for the development of the domestic pharmaceutical industry

The main stages of the development of the Russian medical and pharmaceutical industry in 2010 are presented in the context of the dominance of large foreign companies producing medicines and medical devices in the pharmaceutical market. This reflects the political and economic restrictive measures illegally taken against Russia by the European Union, the United States of America, and some other unfriendly countries and has influenced the dynamics of the development of the medical and pharmaceutical industry in our country. To harmonize approaches to the production and quality control of medicines, this paper presents the stages of large-scale reforms on the transition of the Russian pharmaceutical industry to standards of good manufacturing practice and the implementation of state programs aimed at modernizing the industrial segment of the pharmaceutical industry. As part of the improvement of the standardization system of medicines, the study also presents the characteristics of the XIII, XIV, and XV editions of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation published during the study period, in the development of which employees of the Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov participated. The role and purpose of the creation of the developed Pharmacopoeia of the Eurasian Economic Union, approved by the Board of the Eurasian Economic Commission, is also reflected in this paper. This article describes the phased implementation of federal target programs, state programs, and other strategic plans and measures of nonfinancial support from the state, which have significantly expanded competencies in the field of development and production of medicines and medical devices and increased their output during the period analyzed. The development of medicines and increasing their production volumes with the help of pharmaceutical clusters, which acted as the “locomotives” of the industry, and various projects in establishing the production of innovative medical products with the help of the Industrial Development Fund, which increased the investment attractiveness of these sectors of the national economic complex, played an important role. The results revealed the essence of the changes concerning the revival of the activities of industrial pharmacies, considering a personalized approach to the treatment of patients. The study also presents an assessment of the Pharmaceutical industry Development Strategy for the period up to 2030.

Формирование норм административного законодательства, регламентирующего информационное обеспечение деятельности органов внутренних дел Российской Федерации

The article discusses the issues of information support for internal affairs bodies in the USSR and in Russia until 2010. The article analyzes the systematic work on police informatization carried out in the USSR in the period from the 1960s to 1991. The analysis of the main conceptual documents that became the basis for the development of information support for the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation from 1992 to 2010 is also carried out. The tasks that were set in the Concept of information support for Internal Affairs bodies from 1993 are considered, and attention is focused on the creation of integrated databases and databases of internal affairs bodies. The article also analyzes the development of information support for the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, which was carried out within the framework of the Federal Program of the Russian Federation to strengthen the fight against crime for 1994 – 1995 and the Federal Target Program "Electronic Russia (2002 – 2010)". The tasks set by the Concept of development of the information and computing system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for 2002-2006 and aimed at creating a computer network of the Ministry are considered. The adoption of the Concept of Informatization of internal Affairs bodies until 2012 is also being considered. It is concluded that during the period under review, a technical and organizational basis was created for further improvement of the information support of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЕ ИНИЦИАТИВЫ ООН В ОБЛАСТИ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ ДОРОЖНОГО ДВИЖЕНИЯ НА ПЕРИОД ДО 2030 ГОДА

The article discusses international UN initiatives in the field of road safety until 2030. A comparative analysis of two projects was carried out: the Global Plan “Decade of Action for Road Safety 2011-2020” and the Global Plan “Decade of Action for Road Safety 2021-2030”. It is noted that the second project was developed on the basis of an integrated approach, has a clear structure, a number of components and is aimed at implementing the concept: road traffic as a “Safe System”. The positive results of the implementation in the Russian Federation of two Federal target programs designed for the periods 2006-2012 are argued. and 2013-2020, which made it possible to significantly reduce the number of victims of road accidents. Modern projects are being considered, including the NP “Safe Quality Roads”, aimed at solving national problems in the field of road safety. Conclusions are drawn about the feasibility of international initiatives and the implementation of national programs and projects in order to improve road safety and minimize social risk for its participants.

Methods for Predicting the Costs of Maintaining Nuclear Heritage Facilities in а Safe State

The relevance of the conducted research is determined by the need to control and forecast the costs of enterprises to maintain shutdown nuclear energy facilities in a save condition in order to solve budget planning problems. In the near future, an increase in operating expenses is expected due to an increase in the number of such facilities. To solve the problem econometric forecasting methods are used.Purpose of the research. This study is aimed to develop a methodology for estimating the costs of maintaining nuclear and radiation hazardous facilities in a safe condition and the safe storage of radioactive waste, considering the specifics of accounting at nuclear industry enterprises and forecasting such costs, taking into account plans for shutting down and decommissioning of facilities and removing accumulated radioactive waste from storage facilities in the future.Materials and methods. In the research there was developed the methodology of isolation from the overall structure costs, associated with maintaining shutdown facilities and storage facilities for radioactive waste of nuclear industry enterprises. A cumulative estimation of such costs has been carried out for facilities whose operation for the intended purpose has currently been discontinued. Based on obtained retrospective data, a correlation-regression model with structural changes was developed to predict the costs of maintaining nuclear energy facilities in a safe condition which are expected to be shut down in the future. The developed model allows considering the specifics of facilities, their level of radiation hazard and overall characteristics, the average level of wages at enterprises and the cost of resources.Results. Based on the plans for the shutdown and decommissioning of nuclear energy facilities and the disposal of radioactive waste from storage facilities, the costs of maintaining such facilities in a safe condition with a planning horizon up to 2050 have been forecasted. The results of calculations show that the costs for nuclear energy facilities (except for nuclear power plant units) will increase to 10 billion rubles per year by 2035 (in 2022 prices) and will significantly decrease after 2035 - up to 7.5 billion rubles per year. The reduction will be due to the transfer to a nuclear and radiation safe state of large facilities of radiochemical plants, as well as the conservation of sites for the placement of industrial uranium-graphite reactors. The costs of maintaining the storage facilities of accumulated radioactive waste in a safe condition will be reduced annually (almost linearly) as they are transferred to the disposal of the removed radioactive waste and the conservation of special radioactive waste facilities. By 2035, costs will be reduced from the current level of 5 billion rubles to 4.3 billion rubles per year.Conclusion. The results of the study confirm the high importance of the implementation of the Federal Target Program “Ensuring Nuclear and Radiation Safety for 2016-2020 and for the period up to 2035”, under which it is planned to decommission about 75 stopped nuclear and radiation hazardous facilities and transfer about 155 thousand cubic meters of radioactive waste to disposal.

КУЛЬТУРА СИБИРИ В КОНТЕКСТЕ ОБЩЕСТВЕННО-ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИХ ПРОЦЕССОВ В ПОСТСОВЕТСКИЙ ПЕРИОД: НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ НАУЧНОГО ПОИСКА

В статье изучается процесс формирования представлений о направлениях изучения современной культуры Сибири в региональной историографии, осмысления институциональных проявлений историко-культурной динамики. В ракурсе взаимодействия триады акторов культурной сферы - государство - общество - человек - охарактеризован культурный облик территорий Сибири с учетом традиционных институций - библиотек, музеев, театров, сферы наследия. Фестивали выделены как форма организации социокультурного пространства, синтезирующая профессиональную, народную и массовую культуру. The article presents a generalized picture of the culture of Siberia in a broad chronological and problem-thematic context based on the definition of the essence of socio-political processes in the post-Soviet period. The relevance is due to the need to develop and test new approaches to the study of modern culture of the last three decades. The object of the study is the culture of Siberia at the end of the XX - the first decades of the XXI centuries. The subject of the research is the dynamics of culture in the context of the relationship between its constituents - political and social. The purpose of the article is to form ideas about the directions of studying the modern culture of Siberia in regional historiography, to comprehend the institutional manifestations of historical and cultural dynamics. The authors focus on the interaction of the triad of actors in the cultural sphere: state - society - individual. The main vector of the state cultural policy was directed from separate legislative acts to the federal target program “Culture of Russia”, then the cultural sphere was given a strategic status in accordance with the national project “Culture”. Since the beginning of the XXI century, the government authority has consistently opposed the space of creative chaos in the sphere of culture of the 1990s. The authors note the socio-cultural features of the subjects of the Siberian Federal District, the connection with poly-ethnicity. The article describes the cultural appearance of the territories of Siberia, the process of preservation, adaptation and development of traditional cultural institutions - libraries, museums, theaters, and the sphere of heritage. The integration of professional and traditional folk culture with the socio-cultural environment of settlements has been expressed in organizing of festivals of various genres - musical, literary, historical, book, folk, ethno, culture and art festivals. It is noted that the culture of Siberia is increasing the potential of social influence, the rapprochement with Russian and world culture, the leveling of the differentiation of culture into metropolitan and peripheral.

Биоремедиация техногенно деградированных земель после завершения специальной военной операции на территории новых субъектов Российской Федерации

One of the consequences of a special military operation to demilitarize and denazify the territories of Ukraine adjacent to the borders of the Russian Federation is the severe environmental consequences associated with the destruction of the natural landscape, close to the state of collapse – the irreversible loss of its biological productivity. It is necessary to develop and approve a federal target program to bring the territories where a special military operation was carried out into an ecologically safe state suitable for human life, as well as for representatives of the flora and fauna. The implementation of this federal target program will require an integrated approach to ensure the restoration of disturbed lands and their return to use for their intended purpose. It is quite natural that the restoration of degraded lands will have to be carried out with the obligatory consideration of the potential of plant-microbial complexes (natural or artificially created) in the course of soil bioremediation. The totality of theoretical and experimental data gives grounds to believe that the relevant designs are ready and possible to be introduced into the practice of bioremediation of degraded lands.

On the issue of attracting investments in improving energy efficiency

The purpose and relevance of the work. The problem of saving all types of energy and the efficiency of using fossil fuels is a key one for Russia. Financing of measures to improve the efficiency of the use of energy resources is still an urgent problem of our time. The most important issue is to determine the conditions necessary for the successful attraction of investment capital in national and regional measures to improve energy efficiency in the Russian Federation. The relevance of the study is due to the need to improve measures in this area. Methodology. Based on the analysis of existing regulatory documents in the field of energy saving and energy efficiency and the practice of their implementation, theoretical and methodological issues and the possibility of attracting investment capital in the field of energy saving and energy efficiency are considered. Results and scope of application. The defining role of state, municipal and regional executive authorities and the banking sector in promoting investments in energy efficiency measures is shown. Special attention is paid to the importance of work to stimulate energy-saving behavior of energy consumers (organizations and the population), as well as to the need to increase the responsibility of federal executive authorities and heads of enterprises and organizations of all sectors of the economy for the implementation of planned energy conservation and energy efficiency measures. The materials of the work can be used in the process of formation and implementation of federal and regional target programs in the field of energy conservation. Conclusions. The author formulates a conclusion about the need to strengthen state support for increasing the investment attractiveness of energy efficiency measures, to correct state policy in terms of popularizing these measures and strengthening state control over their implementation.

The planning of land and forest melioration activities in the Russian Federation in the process of land management and reclamation works on agricultural lands

The article considers the necessary planning of land and forest melioration activities in the process of land management and reclamation works. By the example of Tula region, the dynamics of species and areas of reclamation protective forest plantations was analyzed for the period from 1975 to 2022 as well as their compliance with the planned indicators established in the land management schemes and the federal target programs. The calculations for the recommended areas of protective forest plantations have been made up to 2030 as well.

Ensuring information security in order to preserve the national interests of Russia at the beginning of the 21st century

The purpose of this article is to analyze the main risks of information security in Russia in the new millennium and the effectiveness of information security programs in the Russian Federation. The object of the study is the information security system of the Russian Federation. The article identified the main risks of information security in Russia, such as cybercrime, violations of the rules for processing personal data, leaks of confidential information, and others. The authors analyzed the distribution of the listed types of threats to information security of Rostelecom's client companies for 2022. Attention is focused on the fact that a low culture of information security among military personnel and personnel working at the facilities of the Armed Forces can lead to vulnerabilities and risks of data leakage of important strategic facilities. The programs for ensuring information security of the Russian Federation were considered, including the Federal Target Program "Information Russia", the Federal Law "On the Protection of Personal Data" and others. The authors identified the main goals and indicators of such national programs. An analysis of the effectiveness of the information security system of the Russian Federation is carried out and a forecast of its development is presented. State programs aimed at developing the digital economy, protecting critical information infrastructure, developing mechanisms to combat cyber threats, as well as creating modern technologies for the Russian Armed Forces and cryptography are the key areas of Russia's work in this area. The authors also analyzed the forecast for the development of the Russian cybersecurity market, as well as the global forecast for the development of information security technologies. It is concluded that despite the measures taken by the Russian Federation to ensure information security, the system is still vulnerable to new threats. recommendations were developed to improve the current information security system in the Russian Federation.

Анализ вариаций в движении Северного полюса для повышения точности координатно-временных определений

This article considers a method for predicting the coordinates of the north pole, taking into account the influence of trend, quasi-periodic, regular and high-frequency variations. The necessary graphic material is given, illustrating the picture of the listed variations from 2000 to the present. In particular, a regular change in the amplitude of the Chandler period (СP) is shown. So, from 2006 to 2017, the amplitude of the СP gradually decreases from the maximum to zero, and from 2020 to the present, it has been steadily increasing. Based on the analysis of the behavior of trend changes in the pole coordinates, it is shown that at present the movement of the average pole is directed towards the Greenwich meridian, and not towards North America, as it is given in a number of literary sources. The practical implementation of the proposed method resulted in the creation of programs for predicting the coordinates of the pole and Universal Time for periods from one to 90 days. At the same time, the accuracy of forecasts calculated using these programs exceeds the accuracy of similar forecasts posted on the website of the International Earth Rotation Service. The problem of high-precision prediction of the coordinates of the pole and the Universal Time has now acquired particular relevance, especially in the light of the adopted Federal Target Program for the development of GLONASS up to 2030. In the field of improving the accuracy of ephemeris-time support (ETS).

Молодая семья как «ускользающий» социальный феномен в современных российских условиях

Introduction. Modern youth is included today in a variety of social institutions, within which their attitudes, identity values are formed. Sociological studies of recent decades clearly show that the family, despite all the variety of formal and substantive changes in modern institutions of family and marriage, occupies a leading place in the scale of value preferences of young Russians, transforming the matrimonial attitudes of young people and providing a complex mechanism of social integration. The multivariance and dynamism of modern family and marriage relations (cohabitation, changes in the age limits of marriage, changes in the limit of the duration of marriage, an increase in the number of remarriages, the absence of children in marriage, etc.) enhances the role and importance of individualized strategies for young people to enter this social institution, providing it has the opposite effect, in terms of further changes and transformations. Such a transformation, according to the authors, is typical for the modern institution of a young family, which, due to a number of interrelated trends, and in particular the trend of “postponed marriage”, may cease to be an actual social phenomenon that allows young people to use some state types of assistance and support provided for families. of this kind. Methods. As part of the work, an analysis of legal documents is carried out: the Federal Law “On Youth Policy in the Russian Federation”, the Federal Target Program «Housing» for 2015-2020, the State Program «Providing affordable and comfortable housing and utilities for citizens of the Russian Federation». The empirical basis of the work is: data from all-Russian studies and the results of the sociological study «Marriage age: preferences of young people in the city of Rostov-on-Don», conducted in 2021 (N=200). Results and its discussion. The legal acts available in the Russian Federation have now begun to fix clearer criteria for the term "young family". The authors of the article believe that changes in normative terminology are associated with a steady trend towards an increase in the average age of both the bride and groom upon marriage, which in turn is due to many factors: the individualization of romantic relationships, increased freedom of choice, the change in public regulators of matrimonial attitudes to economic. Despite an attempt to formulate certain criteria for the term "young family" in the legislative framework of the Russian Federation, the authors note that the transformation of marriage with the tendencies of individualism, delayed marriage, a period of self-realization and delayed, and sometimes completely unrealized reproductive functions of the family, leads to the fact that the phenomenon young family, in the form in which it exists today, in the conditions of Russian society becomes elusive.

THE POSSIBILITIES OF SOCIOLOGICAL STUDY OF PHYSICAL CULTURE AS A MEANS OF FORMING A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE AMONG STUDENTS

This article presents an attempt to determine a preferred way of forming a healthy lifestyle of university students within the discipline "Physical Culture". According to a number of researchers, the foundations of the principles of healthy lifestyle are laid long before entering the higher education system. But the system itself cannot stay away from the changes taking place in modern Russian society. An important tool through which it is possible to influence the healthy lifestyle of students is the training system within the discipline "Physical Culture" organized at a university. Thanks to this system, it is possible to change the shape and nature of the students' lifestyle to varying degrees. It turns out to be significant that in the modern world, young people, and students in particular, are influenced by two contradictory trends in the formation of their lifestyle. On the one hand, society requires students to think about the future, pay great attention to health and be able to keep it in good condition, and on the other hand, there are changes in the educational process of higher educational institutions, mainly in the direction of reducing the hours of classroom workload for students. The state also focuses on the problem of public health. In this regard, the Federal Law "On Physical Culture and Sports in the Russian Federation" dated December 4, 2007 (No. 329-FZ of December 4, 2007) appeared in Russian legislation. Also in the Federal Target Program "Development of Physical Culture and Sports in the Russian Federation for 2016-2020" (No. 464 of 05/25/2016) the need to popularize the standard of healthy lifestyle as one of the most important priorities of Russia's social and economic policy was emphasized. The basis for this article was a part of the study by A.V. Shishkina, a graduate of the Institute of History and Sociology, department of Sociology, UdSU, conducted in 2018-2020 and performed under the scientific supervision of Ph.D., Associate Professor M.A. Polishchuk. The results obtained can be useful to specialists in working with young people, contributing to improving the culture of serving visitors of different socio-demographic groups and more careful planning of their professional activities.

Clinical Testing of a New Radiopharmaceutical [<sup>99m</sup>Тс]-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> for the Diagnosis of Sentinel Lymph Nodes

Introduction. In modern oncology, the identification of sentinel lymph nodes (SLN), the first nodes that stand on the way of malignant tumor metastasis, is of increasing interest. Detection of SLN followed by morphological examination allows personalizing the surgical intervention for early breast cancer, melanoma, head and neck tumors, neoplasms of the cervix and endometrium. Currently, there is an active development of specific radiopharmaceuticals for SLN imaging. Within the framework of the grant from the Federal Target Program "Pharma-2020", an original radiopharmaceutical using gamma aluminum oxide – [99mТс]-Al2O3 was developed. Preclinical studies have been demonstrated its effectiveness and safety. Pharmacokinetic studies of [99mTc]-Al2O3 showed that 24 hours after its subcutaneous administration, about 12 % of the administered dose is accumulated in the SLN, which gives possibility for its detection.Aim. To study the possibility of clinical [99mTc]-Al2O3 using for visualization of SLN in breast, larynx and laryngopharyngeal cancer.Materials and methods. The definition of SLN was carried out in 55 patients with breast cancer and 30 patients with malignant tumors of the larynx and laryngopharynx. The study included peritumoral radiopharmaceutical injection, single-photon emission computed tomography with qualitative and quantitative analysis of the images and radioguided surgery detection of lymph nodes with their subsequent morphological examination.Results and discussion. Clinical studies have shown that radionuclide imaging of SLN using [99mTc]-Al2O3 is characterized by high sensitivity in breast cancer, larynx and laryngopharyngeal cancer patients (94.5 and 90 %, respectively), due to the high-intensity accumulation of this radiopharmaceutical in the lymph nodes. The optimal time point for SPECT and radioguided examination is an interval of 18–20 hours after injection of [99mTc]-Al2O3, which allows visualizing the maximum possible number of lymph nodes with the most optimal level of radioactivity for their detection.Conclusion. Application of radionuclide imaging of SLN with the use of [99mTc]-Al2O3 as a radiopharmaceutical is useful in planning surgical treatment of patients with tumors of the breast, larynx and laryngopharynx to determine the extent of surgery.

Role of scientific institutions of hygienic profile in the scientific substantiation of the national system of sanitary and epidemiological well-being, health risk management and improvement of the quality of life in the Russian population

Introduction. Analysis and generalization of the results of scientific research of the institutions of the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor)institutions of a hygienic profile are extremely important in the scientific substantiation of ensuring sanitary and epidemiological well-being and managing risks to the health of the Russian population. The purpose of the study is to analyze the results, achievements and prospects of the scientific substantiation of ensuring sanitary and epidemiological well-being and managing risks to the health of the population of the Russian Federation. Materials and methods. An expert-analytical study was carried out. The analysis materials are the main results of the activities of scientific institutions of the Rospotrebnadzor of the hygienic profile in the implementation of the industry research program of Rospotrebnadzor for 2021-2025. “Scientific substantiation of the national system for ensuring sanitary and epidemiological well-being, managing health risks and improving the quality of life of the population of Russia”, as well as of the Federal Program (FP) “Clean Air” of the National Project (NP) “Ecology”, FP “Clean Water” NP “Housing and Urban Environment”, FP “Strengthening Public Health” NP “Demography”, the State Program “Provision of chemical and biological safety of the Russian Federation for the period 2021-2024”, the Federal Target Program “Ensuring nuclear and radiation safety for 2016-2020 and for the period up to 2030”. Results. Within the framework of the industry program, in the first year of its implementation, six SanPiNs, 668 hygienic standards were approved, 20 analytical reviews were prepared. 23 patents for inventions, 45 - for industrial designs, 34 - certificates for computer programs, 178 objects of intellectual activity were registered. Based on the materials of scientific research, 95 articles were published in the journals Web of Science, 328 - Scopus, 802 - RSCI. 40 monographs, books and manuals have been published. 11 PhD, 2 doctoral dissertations were defended. Limitations. The research materials are limited to the results of scientific research of the Research Institute of Hygienic Profile of Rospotrebnadzor, obtained in 2021. Conclusion. The results of the activities of the NIO Rospotrebnadzor in 2021 indicate that the set of tasks assigned to them to ensure the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population is being successfully implemented. Further development of interagency cooperation is required (with scientific institutions of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia, other ministries and departments, with medical universities); interaction with problem committees of the Scientific Council of Rospotrebnadzor, as well as further modernization and renovation of the park of laboratory and medical equipment of scientific organizations.

Courts in the Transition to a Digital Economy: From Computerization to the Concept of Digital Development of the Judicial System

Formulation of the Problem. The technological development of society at the end of the 20th – beginning of the 21st century predetermined the introduction of information and communication technologies in various fields. The exponential development of information and communication technologies has predetermined the increase in the importance of data, creating the conditions for the development of the digital economy and the digital transformation of the state mechanism, including the judicial system. Purpose of the Work: substantiation of the main patterns of the digital development model of the Russian judicial system in the 21st century as a result of the introduction of information and digital technologies. Results, Brief Conclusions. The theoretical significance of a scientific article lies in the ability to use the conclusions and suggestions in building a theoretical model of judicial activity in the context of the formation of a digital economy. The practical significance lies in the fact that the conclusions and proposals can be used in the development of the Federal Target Program “Development of the Judicial System”, the Resolution of the X All-Russian Congress of Judges, the Concept for the Digital Development of the Judicial System. The paper substantiates the main patterns of the digital development of the judicial system, which should be taken into account when designing the judicial organization and the justice system in new spatial and temporal realities, as a continuation of the previous stages of informatization of courts.

Quasi-ownership of citizens on land shares. Loss of institutions ensuring rational use and protection of agricultural lands. Inefficiency of land administration and land relations regulation. Degradation of agricultural lands

In the late 80s and early 90s, everyone realized the inefficiency of the centralized model of economic system, which led to an empty budget, public debts, and the collapse of the economy, which, in turn, caused the collapse of the country. The unwillingness to change the paradigm of centralized management of the economy to market economy with the minimum necessary state regulation in the interests of society forced revolutionary changes to be carried out within a timeframe that required a longer transition time from a planned economy to a market one. State support for land reform actually finished in 2000 with the abolition of the State Committee of the Russian Federation for Land Policy, the termination of the Federal Target Program "Development of Land Reform in the Russian Federation for 1999-2002" and the liquidation of the land service represented by 75 state survey institutes for land management (Giprozems of the RosNIizemproekt association) in 2000-2004. The continuation of spontaneous land transformations by the «invisible hand of the market» with the purchase of undervalued agricultural land by land speculators using these lands for their own purposes, the seizure of land shares of rural residents, the formation of hundreds of thousands and million hectares of land holdings, the widespread excessive use of soil fertility, uncompleted cadastre with disputed borders and a gray market for short-term leases of agricultural land moved to «land scarcity among land abundance». The paper contains these facts and proposes the measures to rationalize agricultural land use in our country.

Federal Directorate for Safe Storage and Destruction of Chemical Weapons – 30th Anniversary

The Russian Federation has ratified the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction, and thereby reaffirmed its international obligations assumed in the field of chemical disarmament. To solve the problem of the destruction of chemical weapons, given its complexity and versatility, the Presidential Federal Target Program «Destruction of stockpiles of chemical weapons in the Russian Federation» was developed. This article is dedicated to the history of the formation of a unique structure – the Federal Office for the Safe Storage and Destruction of Chemical Weapons and the formation of a team of its specialists who directly performed the difficult task of destroying chemical weapons. September 27, 2017 at the facility for the destruction of chemical weapons in the village Kizner of the Udmurt Republic, in a special ceremony, the last chemical munition was destroyed. The Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons has recorded the fact of the complete destruction of chemical weapons in the Russian Federation with the relevant certificates. The program for the destruction of chemical weapons was completed 3 years ahead of schedule, with savings of 9.6 billion rubles. The main results of the completed process of destruction of chemical weapons are that no human life has been lost and no damage has been done to the environment. Currently, the Federal Directorate is implementing measures within the framework of the departmental project «Liquidation of the consequences of the activities of storage facilities and facilities for the destruction of chemical weapons in the Russian Federation» of the state program of the Russian Federation «Development of industry and increasing its competitiveness»