Russian Federation Subjects Research Articles

RIGHTS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES IN THE SPHERE OF LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT IN THE NOVOSIBIRSK REGION

The low level of employment of disabled people in the Novosibirsk region shows that in the region there is a need to develop additional legal instruments that ensure the implementation of the right to work of this category of citizens. The measures proposed in this study to increase the employment of persons with disabilities are based on the practical experience of other subjects of the Russian Federation and countries, and also take into account the peculiarities of the labour potential of persons with disabilities.

About Preliminary Constitutional Control in Russian Federation

The article analyzes the amendments to the Constitution that were adopted on July 4, 2020. The authors consider the changes concerning the legal status of the constitutional justice body in the Russian Federation and the Russian Federation subject. The article analyzes the foreign experience of exercising the powers of these bodies to exercise preliminary constitutional control and the possibility of their power use in Russian judicial practice.

About Preliminary Constitutional Control in Russian Federation

The article analyzes the amendments to the Constitution that were adopted on July 4, 2020. The authors consider the changes concerning the legal status of the constitutional justice body in the Russian Federation and the Russian Federation subject. The article analyzes the foreign experience of exercising the powers of these bodies to exercise preliminary constitutional control and the possibility of their power use in Russian judicial practice.

A situational approach to managing the region's competitiveness

Subject. This article deals with the issues related to the region's competitiveness. Objectives. The article aims to develop a situational approach to managing the region's competitiveness. Methods. For the study, we used a qualitative analysis, generalization, and the rating method Results. The article proposes an algorithm for making management decisions based on ratings and a structured scale of the competitiveness targets of the Russian Federation subject's economy. It also offers certain recommendations on the use of the proposed management tools in shaping the Samara Oblast's active competitiveness policy. Conclusions. Situational variables as part of the external and internal environment factors of the region's economy help choose the means of professional management. Management decisions based on ratings can contribute to the development of competitiveness policies of the subjects of the Russian Federation at a higher level of efficiency.

Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Vologda Oblast Districts

Relevance. There are large regional disparities in prevalence of non-communicable disease risk factors, as well as in the cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and mortality rates in Russian Federation (RF). Aim. To demonstrate the disparities in prevalence of CVD risk factors between Vologda Oblast districts. Materials and methods. Databases created in 2009 at the State-financed health institution of the Vologda Oblast «Vologda Regional Center for Medical Prevention», based on the results of a survey conducted within the framework of the World Health Organization CINDI program. CINDI questionnaire; cross-sectional study; the data was processed using R programming language and the Statistica software package 12. Results. The most common behavioral CVD risk factors in different Vologda Oblast districts included inadequate fruits and vegetables consumption (30–90%) and alcohol abuse (40–80%); hypertension (40–60%), overweight and obesity (30–55%) were the most frequent biological CVD risk factors; the most prevalent socio-economic risk factors included low education level (75–90%) and unemployment (20–40%). Participants residing in rural municipalities differed from urban okrugs (cities) dwellers in a higher prevalence of smoking (p < 0.01), alcohol abuse (p < 0.001), inadequate fruits and vegetables consumption (p < 0.0001), overweight and obesity (p < 0.05), unemployment (p < 0.0001), low education level (p < 0.0001), as well as a low overall assessment of their health (p < 0.05). Conclusions. We detected disparities in CVD risk factors prevalence between Vologda Oblast districts in 2009. Both behavioral and biological CVD risk factors were more common in participants from rural municipalities. The CVD risk factors distribution between the RF subjects’ districts requires further scientific research.

Оценка территориального развития субъектов России на западном участке Cеверного морского пути

Цель - оценка территориального развития субъектов Российской федерации на основе экспертного метода в регионе наиболее эксплуатируемого западного участка трассы Северного морского пути. Методы. В статье рассмотрен один из методов экспертной оценки территориального развития субъектов Российской Федерации западного участка трассы Северного морского пути на примере пяти арктических приморских регионов – Мурманской области, Архангельской области, Республики Карелия, Ненецкого и Ямало-Ненецкого автономных округов. Использованы три подсистемы общего геоэкологического арктического пространства Российской Федерации: природно-экологическая, экономико-экологическая и социально-экологическая. Оценка проводилась по альтернативной пятибалльной шкале. Критерии экспертной оценки – подсистемная соразмерность и приближенность гармоничному эколого-социально-экономическому развитию. Результаты обобщены в табличной и графической форме. Экспертная сравнительная оценка арктических приморских субъектов западного участка трассы Северного морского пути позволила выявить регионы с разной степенью территориального развития. Она определяет подсистемную координатную соразмерность и приближенность к идеальной области гармоничного эколого-социально-экономического развития каждого из пяти регионов. Результаты экспертной оценки показали, что в сравнении пяти субъектов России траектория территориального развития Мурманской области более сбалансирована, но все пять регионов пока далеки от показателей, характеризующих гармоничное развитие. Заключение. В спектре методологических подходов к оценке сложных социо-эколого-экономических приморских систем применение данного метода представляется наиболее приемлемым для получения практически значимых результатов.

Developing algorithms to optimize the Russian regions' social overheads advancement

Subject. This article analyzes the effectiveness of public administration in the social sphere. Objectives. The article aims to standardize the decision-making process for managing the region's social development through statistical analysis techniques. Methods. For the study, we used correlation and cluster analyses. Results. The article highlights weaknesses in the development of the social sphere and assesses the relationship between the individual areas of its development, and the effectiveness of its financing. It offers algorithms that take into account the patterns of social development and the specifics of certain types of economic activity. Conclusions. The results obtained were used to develop algorithms to optimize the development of the social sphere at the regional level. The socio-economic differentiation of the Russian Federation subjects in a number of regions requires an analysis of the specifics of the development of the social sphere of the region under consideration and adjustments to the proposed algorithms.

Comparative assessment of the level of financial and economic security of regions in the Volga Federal District: Studying the interregional differentiation

Subject. Economic security issues are recognized as the country's priority. The existence of interregional differentiation poses a risk to the achievement of national sustainable economic development goals. Objectives. The study aims to underpin the fundamental role of financial and economic security, being the key element of economic security in overcoming the inter-regional territorial imbalance. Methods. The study employs general scientific methods, including the methods of systems analysis, comparative analysis, logical, and deductive analysis. Results. I use the case of the Volga Federal District regions, to calculate indicators, characterizing the differentiation, based on the components of financial and economic security. For this purpose, I include the volume of gross regional product per capita, the amount of investment in fixed capital per capita, the number of employed in the economy, the income of consolidated budgets of the subjects of the Russian Federation, the retail turnover per capita, and the volume of fee-based services rendered to the population. The paper clarifies the concept of financial and economic security through the terminological analysis and highlighting various features. Conclusions. The analysis revealed uneven growth in security indicators and, as a result, threats to balanced sustainable development of the regional socio-economic system. A qualitatively new approach to economic policy is required. It should combine recent scientific and technological developments and efficient use of human potential.

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ МОНИТОРИНГА БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ ПРОДУКТОВ ЖИВОТНОГО ПРОИСХОЖДЕНИЯ В СУБЪЕКТАХ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

The article presents the results of monitoring of the residues of prohibited and harmful substances carried out in 2020 by state veterinary laboratories under the jurisdiction of the subjects of the Russian Federation. Monitoring studies of food and feed are currently carried out by 33 regional veterinary laboratories, while microbiological studies are conducted for the presence of salmonella, listeria, CMAFAnM, BGCP, staphylococci, somatic cells, toxic elements (lead, cadmium, copper, mercury, zinc, iron), antibiotics (teracycline, penicillin bacitracin, streptomycin, levomycetin), pesticides (DDT, HCG), mycotoxins (aflatoxin M1, B1), radionuclides, histamine and polychlorinated biphenyls, oxymethylfurfural, diastase number (honey). In total, in 2020, veterinary laboratories of the subjects of the Russian Federation tested 151,408 samples of products, for which 59,1009 studies were conducted and 3508 (0.6%) positive results were obtained. The following products were studied: meat of all animal species and offal (13.3%), milk (68.3%), fish (6.6%), honey (1%), egg (0.3%), feed (7%). The largest number of positive results was obtained in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and the Altai Territory. In the same regions, a greater number of studies were conducted (more than 130 thousand). The smallest number of studies was conducted in the Vladimir Region and the Republic of Karelia (less than 200 samples). Non-compliance with veterinary and sanitary requirements was mainly detected in fish (1.3%), milk (0.7%) and offal (0.6%). In the remaining products, the discrepancies ranged from 0.02 to 0.2%.

35-летний опыт функционирования НРЭР как государственной информационной системы мониторинга радиологических последствий чернобыльской катастрофы

Thirty five years ago, the All-Union Distributed Registry of Persons Exposed to Radiation as a re-sult of the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear power plant (Chernobyl Registry) was created. The Computing Center of the Research Institute of Medical Radiology of the USSR Academy of Sci-ences (Obninsk) became the core of the Chernobyl Registry. Their contribution to the creation of the registry was made by all former Soviet republics. Currently, the registry is called the National Radiation and Epidemiological Register (NRER), which is a state information system for personal data of Russian citizens exposed to radiation as a result of radiation accidents and incidents. The NRER is a multi-level system consisting of 85 regional segments in subjects of Russian Federa-tion and 4 departmental sub-registries. Currently, the NRER stores information about 811 thou-sand people, of which 751 thousand people represent the so-called “Chernobyl contingent”. The article presents the description of regulatory framework, organizational structure and technologi-cal approaches to the management of NRER. The article also describes the specific elements and subsystems of the registry that ensure the effective functioning of the NRER system for many years. The final part of the article presents the main results of research on the assessment of the radiological consequences of the Chernobyl disaster, obtained on the basis of the analysis of da-ta accumulated in the NRER for the period 1986-2020.

Политико-правовое регулирование участия субъектов Российской Федерации в международных и внешнеэкономических связях

Russian Federation constituent entities on the world stage through the implementation of international and foreign economic relations are studied. It is established that political and public law relations to regulate the Russian Federation subjects’ international activity are actively developing in the context of increasing volume of Russian Federation subjects international and foreign economic relations.

Restrictions in the work of the executive authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation on the consideration of citizens' appeals introduced in connection with the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19)

Restrictions in the work of the executive authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation on the consideration of citizens' appeals introduced in connection with the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19)

Изменение антропогенной нагрузки на экосистемы регионов России в начале XXI в. с использованием данных дистанционного зондирования

Изменение антропогенной нагрузки на экосистемы регионов России в начале XXI в. с использованием данных дистанционного зондирования

ВЛИЯНИЕ ФАКТОРОВ ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННОГО РАЗВИТИЯ НА СЕЛЬСКИЕ ТЕРРИТОРИИ РОССИИ

The article considers the factors and their interrelations that influence the development of rural areas and the population living on them. The influence of the income of the population and the level of development of social engineering infrastructure on the migration of the rural population is considered separately, and the centers of attraction of rural residents are established. The problems of implementing rural development pro-grams in the subjects of the Russian Federation are identified. The role of enterprises of the agro-industrial sector in the development of rural areas is shown.

Problems of budget financing of the social sphere in the subjects of the Russian Federation

Problems of budget financing of the social sphere in the subjects of the Russian Federation

MBA programs and their perspectives on the regional level in Russian Federation

This article considers the availability of business schools and MBA programs on the Russian educational market and, in particular, in one of the federal subjects of Russian Federation, Sverdlovsk oblast. The market of MBA programs is reviewed on federal and regional levels and possible further way of development is suggested. In order to reach this goal, the ratings of business schools in Russia, information about them are analyzed and the general trends are defined. The survey confirms the lack of regional MBA programs on the market. Possible advantages of the availability and perspectives of programs with the regional focus are described. Partnerships between regional universities of economics and recognized foreign business schools are presented as the option for further development of MBA programs on the regional level. The Ural State University of Economics is given as an example.

Implementation of blended learning in foreign language teaching in Russian secondary school (based on the questionnaire data)

Due to the current epidemiological situation, Russian teachers turned to blended learning, which has been quite successfully practiced in the foreign education system for several decades. Setting ourselves the task of developing a step-by-step algorithm for the introduction of blended learning in foreign language lessons, it is necessary to study the current experience of using blended learning by foreign language teachers in educational institutions of Russia. The article presents the results of a questioning of foreign language teachers from 14 subjects of Russian Federation. 881 respondents answered the blended learning questionnaire. Based on the results of the survey, it can be concluded that the majority of foreign language teachers in general education schools consider blended learning to be a necessary part of the system in changing living conditions, however, there is a need to develop methodological recommendations that will algorithmize the use of blended learning in foreign language lessons in a general education school. According to the survey data, blended learning may be the main pedagogical technology that meets the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard, however, there is a lack of understanding of blended learning as a technology, which is often replaced by the concept of using ICT. The foregoing reveals the need to develop an algorithm for the introduction of blended learning technology and to implement it in real foreign language lessons in a secondary school.

Региональная дифференциация потребления продуктов питания в России

The article presents the regional differences in food consumption by population of Russian Federation determined by deviations from the minimum and rational norms. Integrated assessment of the nutritional value of the food ration for the subjects of Russian Federation, based on the author’s methodology, is presented. In conclusion, the authors propose measures to improve the information content for diagnostics of the regional differentiation of food consumption.

Impact of implementation of Tobacco control legislative measures on smoking prevalence in 10 Russian Federal Subjects from 2013 to 2018

<h3></h3> Несмотря на то что Федеральный закон от 23.03.13 №15-ФЗ «Об охране здоровья граждан от воздействия окружающего табачного дыма и последствий потребления табака» регулирует оборот и потребление табака на всей территории Российской Федерации (РФ) и исполнение норм закона одинаково обязательно для всех субъектов РФ, полнота правоприменения и реализации отдельных норм варьирует между субъектами. Разработанная и представленная ранее интегральная шкала оценки реализации антитабачного закона (РАТЗ) позволяет оценить полноту правоприменения основных антитабачных мер в 10 субъектах РФ. <h3>ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</h3> Оценить эффективность реализации антитабачных законодательных мер в отношении распространенности потребления табака в 10 субъектах РФ. <h3>МАТЕРИАЛ И МЕТОДЫ</h3> Анализированы ассоциации измерений полноты реализации и правоприменения основных антитабачных законодательных мер в 10 субъектах РФ с использованием разработанной нами на основании популяционного репрезентативного опроса шкалы РАТЗ, с показателями распространенности потребления табака в 2018 г. и ее относительной динамикой в период с 2013 по 2018 г. Ассоциации оценивались с использованием моделей корреляционного и многомерного линейного регрессионного анализа в статистическом пакете Stata 11.2. <h3>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</h3> В регионах с наиболее полной реализацией антитабачного закона (более высокие баллы по шкале РАТЗ) наблюдались значимо более низкая распространенность курения в 2018 г. и более выраженное ее снижение с 2013 по 2018 г. Коэффициент корреляции между баллами РАТЗ и показателями распространенности курения и ее динамики составил: <i>r</i>_sp= –0,564 (95% ДИ от –1,06 до –0,07; <i>p</i>=0,03) и <i>r</i>_sp=0,627 (95% ДИ от 0,11 до 1,14; <i>p</i>=0,02) соответственно. Распространенность курения в 2018 г., объясняемая реализацией комплекса законодательных антитабачных мер, составила 92,1% (R²=0,921; <i>p</i>=0,034). Наибольший вклад в низкие показатели распространенности курения в 2018 г. из всех антитабачных мер внесли реализация налоговых и ценовых мер (β= –0,485; 95% ДИ от –0,820 до –0,150; <i>p</i>=0,011), информационной политики (β= –2,388; 95% ДИ –3,926 до –0,850; <i>p</i>=0,008), а также оказания медицинской помощи в преодолении потребления табака (β= –0,897; 95% ДИ от –2,002 до 0,209; <i>p</i>=0,097), т.е. мер, по исполнению которых отмечалась наибольшая вариабельность между регионами. <h3>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</h3> Полученные результаты должны быть использованы для стимуляции совершенствования реализации мер антитабачной политики в регионах РФ в целях более эффективного снижения распространенности потребления табака в стране.

The Coronavirus pandemic as a shaping factor in the political context of Russian gubernatorial election campaigns

The present paper focuses on the peculiarities of organizing and conducting elections of the highest officials of Russian Federation subjects during the pandemic of a new coronavirus infection COVID-19. It analyses the regulations governing voting, the course of election campaigns and electoral statistics. The conclusion is justified that the introduction of innovations of electoral legislation (changes in the voting procedure, expansion of ways to exercise active suffrage while restricting the right of citizens to be elected) and the development of a set of anti-epidemiological measures have enabled the organizers of elections to conduct successful electoral campaigns and maintain a stable political situation in the regions. Nonetheless, it is noted that there has been very limited use of digital electoral technology in gubernatorial election campaigns, which the author considers unjustified in the prevailing circumstances. It also argues that restrictions on citizens' passive suffrage should be lifted after the end of the coronavirus pandemic in order to provide conditions for the education of the legal and political culture of the voter, to develop a critical attitude towards the slogans of politicians. (English) [ FROM AUTHOR] Настоящая статья посвящена особенностям организации и проведения выборов выс- ших должностных лиц субъектов РФ в период пандемии новой коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19. Ана- лизируются регламентирующие голосование нормативные правовые акты, ход избирательных кампаний, электоральная статистика. Обосновывается вывод, что внедрение новелл избирательного законодатель- ства (изменения в процедуре голосования, расширение способов реализации активного избирательного права при ограничении права граждан быть избранными) и разработка комплекса противоэпидемических мероприятий позволили организаторам выборов успешно провести избирательные кампании и добиться сохранения стабильной политической обстановки в регионах. Однако отмечается, что в губернаторских предвыборных кампаниях крайне ограниченно использовались цифровые избирательные технологии, что автор считает неоправданным в сложившихся условиях. Кроме того, доказывается необходимость снятия ограничений пассивного избирательного права граждан после завершения коронавирусной пандемии, с тем чтобы обеспечить условия для воспитания правовой и политической культуры избирателя, формирования его критического отношения к лозунгам политических деятелей. (Russian) [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Society: Politics, Economics, Law is the property of LLC Publishing House 'HORS' and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)