Federal Center Research Articles

Зависимость урожайности и качества клубней картофеля от действия регулятора роста в предгорной зоне РСО-Алания

Abstract. The aim of the work was to study the effect of the growth regulator “Epin-Ekstra” on the yield and quality indicators of potato tubers Nevskiy variety by the results of field experiments. Methods. The studies on the set objectives were carried out of the conditions in the foothill zone of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania on the experimental section of the North Caucasus Scientific Research Institute of Mountain and Foothill Agriculture – branch of the Federal Center “Vladikavkaz Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences” on according to generally accepted methods during 2019–2021. The soil of the experimental plot is leached, heavy loam, medium thickness, underlain by pebbles. Results. The results of the study of the yield of potato Nevskiy variety testify to the positive impact of the growth regulator “Epin-Ekstra” in the conditions of the foothill zone of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. Pretreatment of tubers with the growth regulator “Epin-Ekstra” (10 ml/t) and treatment of crops by spraying in the phase of budding growth regulator “Epin-Ekstra” (60 ml/ha) contributed to the formation of the highest yield – 29.6 t/ha, 88,0 % marketability, which is 10,3 t/ha more than control, 4.8 t/ha more than in variant II and 6.1 t/ha – variant III. The best qualitative indicators of potato tubers were observed at complex processing: the content of dry matter – 22.2 %, starch – 12.9 %, vitamin C – 10.4 mg%. The lowest nitrate content of 89 mg/kg in tubers of Nevskiy potato variety was observed in the pre-budding treatment of tubers and the treatment of crops in the phase of budding with the growth regulator “Epin-Ekstra”. Calculations of economic efficiency show that the costs are recouped in all variants of the experience. The highest level of profitability 290,8 %. Cancelled at the complex treatment, which is 110,2 % more than the control variant. Scientific novelty. For the first time in the foothill zone of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania the effect of the growth regulator “Epin-Ekstra” on the yield and quality of tubers of Nevskiy potato variety was studied. Practical significance. The conducted studies allow us to recommend the use of an effective growth stimulant “Epin-Ekstra” in potato preplanting treatment at a dose of 10 ml/t and when spraying the leaves of plants at a dose of 60 ml/ha in the phase of budding, as environmentally safe and low-cost agricultural practices that ensure increased productivity and quality of potato tubers of the conditions in the foothill zone of the Republic of North Ossetia – Alania.

Trends and Problems of the Development of the Russian Farming Sector According to the Agricultural Micro-Census of 2021

The priority task of modern agrarian policy is to stimulate small business in agriculture, and above all its central link – peasant (farm) farms. This requires a comprehensive analysis of the patterns and problems of their development. The article, based on the results of the Agricultural Micro-Census of 2021 published in December 2022, in comparison with the results of the AllRussian Agricultural Census of 2016, characterizes the farming sector, identifies trends and problems of its development for 2016-2021. The main conclusion is that despite the reduction in the number of farms and farmers’ access to budget subsidies, the areas of agricultural land used by them, acreage of high margin crops and cattle are increasing. There are significant differences in the development of farms in the subjects of the Russian Federation. Based on the analysis, the following measures are proposed to stimulate farms: ensuring wider access of farmers to budgetary and credit resources; strengthening the role of the federal center in state support and regulation of farms in order to equalize regional differences and form a single economic space in the agro-industrial complex; more careful consideration of farmers’ interests in conducting land policy; formation of an effective system marketing of farm products.

Results of liver retransplantations

Aim. To present the results of repeated liver transplantations performed in a federal center. Materials and methods. The results of 268 orthotopic full-liver postmortem transplantations in 248 patients since 1998 were analyzed. Retransplantation was performed in 20 patients (8.1%) – 10 men and 10 women, 18-64 years old (median age 44.4 years). The median MELD score was 21 (19-24). Observations before 2006 were analyzed retrospectively. Early hepatic artery thrombosis and late biliary complications due to insufficient arterial blood supply to the graft indicated the retransplantation in the majority of patients. Results. The duration of preservation stages was comparable to the primary transplantation. Significant differences were found in the duration of the anhepatic period, the volume of hemotransfusion, the duration of the surgery, the rate of complications and the hospital mortality rate. Currently, 9 of the 20 patients (45%) are alive, with a follow-up period of 7-140 months. Graft function was satisfactory in most recipients. Hospital mortality accounted for 35%. Conclusion. Liver retransplantation is accompanied by considerable technical difficulties, as well as by an increase in surgery duration, volume of blood transfusion, time of stay in the intensive care unit, and incidence of postoperative complications. Infectious complications were the main cause of death. With successful retransplantation, long-term results and survival rates were comparable to those of primary transplantation.

Organization of work with undesired events within the system of medical activities quality and safety internal control with the use of digital technology

In accordance with the current legislation a healthcare organization shall be obliged to provide conditions for safe delivery of healthcare to patients and medical personnel performance.Implementation of effective model of medical activities quality and safety internal control producing meaningful result is a current license requirement to a healthcare organization.Implementation of risk-oriented approach to medical activities quality and safety management is an important constituent of modern stage of the Russian Federation healthcare functioning.It is necessary to understand sources of potential hazard within an organization, consider and analyze all undesired events and incidents arising in the process of a healthcare organization functioning and their reasons, take preventive measures to avoid them.The tasks of digital transformation in the Russian Federation healthcare are development of integrated digital contour, transition to electronic document flow, reduction of medical personnel’s time expenditure not involving delivery of healthcare.Implementation of customer centricity and digitalization principles is an absolute trend of modern stage of development of the Russian Federation healthcare. It determines necessity of development of present-day accounting and analyzing data system on undesired events in a healthcare organization.The article presents the experiment of Federal Center for Traumatology, Orthopedics and Endoprosthetics (Barnaul, Russian Federation) in establishing system of work with undesired events and managerial decision-making on their avoidance and prevention with the use of present-day digital technology resulting in credible frequency reduction of undesired events in the space of 2.5 years.

Стратегирование суверенитета отечественных брендов лёгкой промышленности и индустрии моды

A strategic analysis of the development of the domestic light industry and the fashion industry has been carried out. The article is based on the theory and methodology of strategizing developed and tested by the Center for Strategic Studies IMISS MSU, CEMI RAS, the Department of Economic and Financial Strategy of the MSE MSU, the Department of Strategy for Regional and Sectoral Development of the KemSU, the Department of Industrial Strategy of the National University of Science and Technology “MISIS” under the supervision of V.L. Kvint. The author proposes a system of strategic priorities aimed at strengthening the role of the industry in the economy, creating a federal technology transfer center for light industry and the fashion industry, a digital platform for the industry transfer of knowledge and experience, as well as clothing brands operating in the middle price segment. It is shown that the digital platform as a tool of the decision support system can establish a continuous transfer of knowledge and practical experience, and the technology transfer center can form a new type of cooperation chain for the development of the domestic market.

Evaluation of Clinical and Economic Efficiency and Impact of Mass Fluorography Screening on Tuberculosis Epidemiological Rates in Four Federal Districts of the Russian Federation with Different Levels of Population Coverage with Mass Fluorography Screening

The objective: to evaluate the clinical and economic efficiency and impact of mass fluorography screening of the population on tuberculosis mortality and rates of timely tuberculosis detection in four federal districts of the Russian Federation with different levels of tuberculosis detection and coverage of the population with fluorography mass screening.Subjects and Methods. Analytical materials of the Federal Center for Monitoring of Tuberculosis Transmission Control in the Russian Federation posted on official websites were used. The rates were analyzed by applied statistics methods. All statistical calculations were performed with 0.95 significance.Results. A correlation analysis was performed between the coverage, effectiveness of tuberculosis detection by mass fluorography screening of the population and main rates reflecting the epidemic situation and timeliness of tuberculosis detection in the Russian Federation and its four federal districts. There was no correlation between the detection effectiveness and main markers of timeliness of tuberculosis detection. It was found out that against the background of increased costs for mass fluorography screening, its implementation did not provide significant positive results in reducing tuberculosis incidence and mortality which indicated their low clinical and economic efficiency.

The analysis of visits for telemedicine consultations in the National Medical Research Center of Children Health during three-years period

The purpose of the study was to analyze functioning of the Department of telemedicine department over three-year period with assessment of main trends and regional characteristics, as well as the most significant results of telemedicine consultations. The step-wise analysis of applications for telemedicine consultation in 2019-2021 was carried out. They were conventionally classified by "in-coming" and "out-coming" information. At the first stage, number of applications received in 2019-2021 (n=10,145) was analyzed. The regional features of applications were established. At the second stage, extended analysis of all applications received in 2021 (n=4518) was carried out considering type of request, profile of request, fact of video communication, structure of directional diagnoses according the ICD-10 classes with identification of regional characteristics. At the third stage, sampling analysis of applications in 2021 (n=1000) was carried out with in-depth assessment of "in-coming" and "out-coming" information. The study established trend of annual increase of number of requests for telemedicine care (2,380 in 2019; 3,237 in 2020; 4,518 in 2021). The Privolzhsky Federal Okrug is leading in number of applications. The neurologists, rheumatologists and gastroenterologists are the most called-for specialists of somatic profile. The thoracic, neonatal and abdominal surgeons are the most-called specialists of surgical profile. This structure corresponded in whole to the structure of the ICD-10 classes that the region requested. The analysis of consultations testified high need in hospitals to transfer children to the Federal Center for treatment (57.6% of applications), that was not always justified. Therefore, positive decision about hospitalization was made less often (35% of cases). The recommendations of specialists of the National Medical Research Center for Children Health concerning treatment tactics (46% of applications) and additional examinations (44% of applications) were provided more often than it was indicated in application. The conclusion was made about increasing demand for and importance of telemedicine consultations in format "physician-physician" in pediatric practice and necessity of further research study with purpose to improve and optimize this type of medical care.

Palivizumab immunization of premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia in a day hospital

Introduction. To date, Рalivizumab is the only approved monoclonal antibody preparation used to prevent the development of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. The aim of the work is to evaluate the benefits of immunization with Palivizumab in premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia in a day hospital of the Federal Center.
 Materials and methods. One hundred seven infants of different gestational age at birth were immunized with Palivizumab in the day patient department of hospital-replacing technologies. The preparation was administered to infants at risk for the formation of severe consequences of an RSV infection. 
 Results. Of the 107 children hospitalized in the day hospital, 74 premature babies were diagnosed with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (69%). Before immunization all infants were consulted by pediatrician, pulmonologist, and if necessary, other specialists. Discussion. The length of stay of children in a day hospital ranged from 2 to 3.5 hours on average. Each child stayed with their parents in a separate room. During this time period, the patient received the full range of the services associated with immunization. 
 Conclusion. Thus, immunization with Palivizumab in a day hospital of the Federal Center allows implementing a comprehensive multidisciplinary and individual approach to each infant, without exposing him to an undesirable risk of infection, in compliance with the principle of staged nursing of premature infants for patients with a new form of bronchopulmonary dysplasia who need a long follow-up observation.

Usefulness of Intraoperative ultrasound for cortical dysplasia type I treatment - A single-center experience.

Focal cortical dysplasias (FCD) cause a subgroup of malformations of cortical development that has been closely linked to cause drug intractable epilepsy. Attaining adequate and safe resection of the dysplastic lesion has proved to be a viable option to archive meaningful seizure control. Of the three types of FCD (types I, II, and III), type I has the least detectable architectural and radiological abnormalities. This makes it challenging (preoperatively and intraoperatively) to achieve adequate resection. Intraoperatively, ultrasound navigation has proven an effective tool during the resection of these lesions. We evaluate our institutional experience in surgical management of FCD type I using intraoperative ultrasound (IoUS). Our work is a retrospective and descriptive study, where we analyzed patients diagnosed with refractory epilepsy who underwent IoUS-guided epileptogenic tissue resection. The surgical cases analyzed were from January 2015 to June 2020 at the Federal Center of Neurosurgery, Tyumen, only patients with histological confirmation of postoperative CDF type I were included in the study. Of the 11 patients with histologically diagnosed FCD type I, 81.8% of the patients postoperatively had a significant reduction in seizure frequency (Engel outcome I-II). IoUS is a critical tool for detecting and delineating FCD type I lesions, which is necessary for effective post-epilepsy surgery results.

Vat refund as an indicator of socio-economic development of the region (by the example of the Amur Region)

The article discusses the National Program of socio-economic development of the Far East, special attention is paid to the socio-economic development of the Amur region. The dynamics of the gross regional product and investments in fixed assets in the Amur Region, the Far Eastern Federal District and the Russian Federation as a whole are analyzed. An assessment of the scale and productivity of the development of the regional economy was carried out, trends and prospects for further development of the macroregion were determined. The analysis of value added tax receipts from the Amur region to the consolidated budget of the Russian Federation was carried out and the main reasons for the decrease in VAT receipts were determined. The negative dynamics of VAT is associated with a fairly extensive construction activity in the Amur region, since the construction of even relatively small facilities requires the purchase of a significant amount of expensive construction materials and equipment. A significant contribution to the negative dynamics of VAT is made by the activities of gold mining companies in the region, since the extraction of precious metals is subject to a zero VAT rate. A forecast of VAT receipts for the next 5 years has been developed. The factors that can affect the socio-economic development of the Far Eastern Federal District, reduce GRP, reduce investments and financing volumes are identified. It is concluded that the macro-region needs to rely on its own resource potential: practice shows that it is not always possible to count on the financial support of the federal center. The Far Eastern Federal District has its own competitive advantages and a large number of resources for independent socio-economic development.

Achievements of the federal scientific center "all-Russian institute of forages V.R. Williams" in the study of fodder plants

Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production & Agroecology for more than 100 years has been the largest scientific, methodological, research, intellectual center, which concentrates scientific knowledge, skills, and abilities related to the cultivation of fodder plants. Strategic areas of research for the period of activity of the Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production & Agroecology, is the selection and seed production of fodder plants; meadow fodder production; field fodder production; development of technologies for procurement, storage and use of feed. The State Register of Breeding Achievements Approved for Use in the Russian Federation includes 227 varieties of forage crops (24 % of the total number of forage crops in Russia) bred by the Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production & Agroecology, 57 varieties are released to all regions. Profound fundamental research is being carried out on meadow ecosystems, on the ontogeny of meadow grasses, and grassland technologies are being developed. Effective technologies for the restoration of degraded arid pastures and saline lands based on ecologically specialized plant species with extremely high salinity and drought resistance have been developed and put into practice. The total gene pool of halophytes and arid plants includes more than 1200 samples of 25 species. The result of bioresource and breeding work was the creation of 20 new varieties of drought-resistant fodder halophytes for arid territories from the families Chenopodiaceae, Tamaricaceae, Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Poaceae. Scientists of the Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production & Agroecology developed the scientific foundations of field fodder production. It is shown that fodder crop rotations are the most important means of increasing the productivity of arable land, combating drought, erosion and soil dehumification. Perennial grasses on arable land are the most important means of protection against droughts, the basis for restoring and maintaining soil fertility. Experimental data on the preservative efficacy of compositions of experimental enzyme multisystems in combination with bacterial preparations have been obtained.

Protection of the Family as a Subject of Joint Jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and the Constituent Entities of the Russian Federation

The paper is devoted to the analysis of amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation passe in 2020 concerning protection of the family, motherhood, fatherhood and childhood as a subject of joint jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and constituent entities of the Russian Federation. It is proved that this legal norm does not relate to the declarative norms of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. It defines only the joint jurisdiction issue between the Russian Federation and constituent entities of the Russian Federation that is subject to differentiation between federal and regional state authorities. The purpose of the adopted amendment to the Constitution of the Russian Federation was to raise to the constitutional level protection of traditional family values — family, motherhood, fatherhood, childhood, parental care. Amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation regarding protection of the family have an impact on other branches of law concerning family relations and traditional values. The paper analyzes the latest versions of constitutions and charters of constituent entities of the Russian Federation regarding the protection of the family. It is concluded that by amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the State sought to build a comprehensive system of family protection in the Russian Federation and make it a priority in state policy engaging all levels of public authority in this process. Our country has not concentrated family policy issues at the federal level, centralizing the entire social sphere here, but has transferred it to the joint jurisdiction of the federal center and the regions.

Эффективность невролиза плечевого сплетения под видеоэндоскопической ассистенцией при лечении брахиоплексопатий у взрослых

Introduction The method of endoscopic revision, neurolysis and decompression of the brachial plexus is a current minimally invasive method of treatment. It is able to completely preserve the anatomical structures (skin, fascia, muscles, clavicle, arteries, veins, nerves) and minimize damage to the structures of the brachial plexus, since neurolysis is carried out along the trunks and bundles of the plexus through a low-invasive transaxillary approach. However, the effectiveness of this type of operation has not been studied previously. The aim of the study To evaluate the effectiveness of brachial plexus neurolysis under video endoscopic assistance in the treatment of brachioplexopathies in adults Materials and methods The study involved patients hospitalized in the Tyumen Federal Center for the period from 2017 to 2022 with a diagnosis of brachial plexus palsy, who, for medical reasons, underwent neurolysis of the brachial plexus under video endoscopic assistance. The number of patients gave informed concent was 25 subjects. The results of treatment were assessed with score systems and questionnaires; neurological examination was performed and muscle strength was assessed according to the British scale (M5-M0), the type of sensory disorders and their degree on a scale from 0 to 10, where 10 is the complete preservation of sensitivity, and 0 is its complete absence and were confirmed by the data of functional diagnostics (stimulation ENMG) 3, 6 and 12 months after the operation. Statistical data processing was carried out using the Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Office 365) and Stattech 2.0 software package. For quantitative traits, the arithmetic mean (M) and standard error of the mean (SEM) were calculated. To assess the statistical significance of the results obtained, the parametric t-Student's test was used. Differences were considered significant at p < 0.05. Results The mean age of the patients was 48 ± 15 years, gender ratio (m/f) was 18/7, the affected side (right/left) ratio was 12/13. A positive result was achieved in 75 % of cases (n = 19), the absence of positive dynamics was noted in 25 % of cases (n = 6); there were no cases of poor results. When comparing the indicators in groups with a positive result and its absence, it was revealed that the degree of limb dysfunction and the degree of paresis affect the treatment outcome (p < 0.05). In all patients with a positive result, a positive trend was observed starting from 5.89 ± 0.93 (range 1-15) weeks after surgery. Conclusion The proposed method of neurolysis of the brachial plexus is an effective method for the treatment of patients with brachial plexus palsy of various etiologies. The main factor influencing the outcome of reatment is limb dysfunction, the severity of which is inversely proportional to the function recovery in the postoperative period. Based on the results obtained, neurolysis was not effective in paresis of the affected muscles scoring 0-1 points. If there is no positive effect from the intervention within 3 months after its implementation, further waiting tactics is not advisable. Other treatment options should be considered.

Anti-sanction federalism

In recent years, the process of giving the heads of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation additional powers to overcome the consequences of emergency situations (such as the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection COVID‑19 or the introduction of illegal (“sanctions”) restrictive economic measures against the Russian Federation) has been actively developing. This allotment, in particular, was carried out by Presidential Ukases No. 239 of April 2, 2020 and No. 121 of March 16, 2022. The author believes that the trend indicated by them is a new one in the development of Russian federalism. At the same time, it should be noted that the measures taken in 2022 to ensure socio-economic stability were not limited to expanding the rights of the heads of the subjects of the Russian Federation, but also provided for a number of other measures that change the design of the system of relations between the federal center and the subjects of the Russian Federation. The article analyzes the content of the above-mentioned measures and activities from the perspective of the theory of state functions, they are regarded as manifestations of the dynamics of the federal function of the state.

CMS sets parameters for services to meet social needs in Medicaid

The federal Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) this month offered states additional guidance on incorporating services to address unmet health‐related social needs into their Medicaid managed care programs. The Jan. 4 document for state Medicaid directors presents guidelines for the use of services provided to enrollees in lieu of a service being covered in a Medicaid state plan.

Viricidal activity of disinfectants "dezon vetklin" and "dezon vet" against the african swine fever virus

In recent years, African swine fever (ASF) has been the main threat to the development of the pig industry not only in Russia, but also in many countries of the world for many years. Due to the lack of effective and safe means of specific prevention of infection, disinfection is one of the ways to combat and prevent the spread of the ASF pathogen in the system of antiepizootic measures. The most important task of modern disinfection is the development and creation of disinfectants with a wide range of bactericidal and viricidal effects. The composition of such despreprates includes several active substances that, due to interaction with each other, enhance the disinfecting ability of the drug.The aim of the work is to study in vitro the viricidal activity of the composite disinfectants "Dezon Vetklin" and "Dezon Vet" against a highly virulent ASF pathogen. The objects of research are domestic modern composite disinfectants "Dezon Vetklin" and "Dezon Vet". The tests of the drugs were carried out on the basis of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Federal Center for Animal Health Protection" (FGBI "VNIIZH", Vladimir). As a test culture, a primary culture of pig spleen cells sensitive to ASF virus (CCSS) was used with the addition of Igla growth culture medium containing 20% fetal serum of cattle and 0.1% (v/v) pig erythrocytes. As a protein load, inactivated pig blood serum obtained from animals from ASF-safe farms of the Russian Federation was used. For experimental infection of CCSS, a highly virulent hemadsorbent ASF virus of genotype II strain ASF/Arm/07 (reference) was used in a titer not lower than 6.0 lg GAdE50/cm3. For experimental testing of disinfectants, metal, wooden, concrete and plastic test surfaces with a size of 10x10 cm were used. According to the results of the studies, viricidal activity against the ASF pathogen of two tested disinfectants was established at a concentration of 5.0% with a minimum exposure of 10 minutes each. The tested disinfectants can be recommended for preventive disinfection at veterinary surveillance facilities in ASF.

Mind the Gap between the Governor and the People: The Common Agency Problem in Russian Authoritarian Federalism

AbstractSince the revival of direct gubernatorial elections in 2012, regional governors in Russia have two formal principals: the president and the people of the region. The principal–agent theory defines this situation as a common agency problem. In the context of authoritarian federalism, direct elections pose a two-fold challenge to Vladimir Putin’s vertical power. First, even if manipulated, elections can lead to unpredictable outcomes for the federal center. Second, in the long run, popular legitimacy incentivizes regional leaders to become more independent from the Kremlin. This study argues that the federal center in Russia has addressed the common agency problem not only by limiting the freedom of choice for the local populations through restrictive electoral law, but also by adopting a recruitment pattern that prefers outsider governors who lack personal connection to the regions of service. An original dataset on regional governors’ selection in 2012–2018 provides empirical evidence for this claim.

Using of MRI-guided focused ultrasound treatment for Parkinson’s disease tremor. Clinical case and literature review

MRI-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) is a new emerging and promising procedure applied in a wide range of clinical fi elds in modern medicine. This innovative treatment method follows is an important step towards the ideal surgery of the future: non-invasive, targeted, safe, controlled, eff ective and ambulatory. Randomized studies show high effi cacy in the treatment of tremor for Parkinson disease and essential tremor. Safety is also having similar profi le with other surgical procedures and has a mostly transient character of complications. Such advantages as a non-invasive treatment, controlled eff ect and the safety profi le of the procedure made it popular in the treatment of movement disorders. This article demonstrates a clinical case of the fi rst using of MRgFUS for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease tremor at the Federal Center for Brain Research and Neurotechnologies of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia in Moscow. The 54-year-old patient with Parkinson disease, 2 Hoehn–Yahr, admitted to our hospital. Severe tremor of right upper extremity impaired his life. Neurosurgical procedure was considered due to medication failed. Patient underwent focused ultrasound thalamotomy with totally tremor relief. No additional neurological impairment was noted, only bradykinesia and rigidity were improved. Patient discharged on 3rd day after the procedure.Conclusions. MRgFUS is an innovative surgical procedure. Advantages of these methods such as non-invasive manner, controlled, safety allowed to be priority procedure for patients with unilateral tremor.

Bavaria and the Adoption of the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany

The article analyzes the reasons for the rejection of the Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany by Bavaria in May 1949. The main contradictions were associated with the aspiration of its leadership to establish the supremacy of the lands in relations with the federal center, which was considered by the leading parties of post-war Germany as excessive and unacceptable for federal structure. An important role was also played by the specifics of relations with the Bizone authorities and the increased influence of the Bavarian government in interzonal politics, which reached its apogee in the middle of 1948. In this regard, the politicians of the ruling party of Bavaria — the Christian Social Union — tried not only to consolidate political and financial guarantees to the lands in the prospective federal structure but also to establish possibilities for broad influence of the land government on federal policy. However, a small number of representatives of Bavaria in the interzonal bodies forced them to constantly maneuver between significant concessions to other fractions and an open protest against their decisions. After exhausting all of the possibilities of a compromise with the Christian Democratic Union and the Social Democratic Party of Germany, the Christian Social Union deputy group and the Landtag rejected the Basic Law, but at the same time declared the obligatory observance of it and the aspiration to further participate in German affairs (the position ‘Our “nay” to Bonn, our “yea” to Germany’). Such a decision not only removed political responsibility from the Bavarian side, but also actualized the Bavarian question in the future West German state.

ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ В ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ ПУБЛИЧНОЙ ВЛАСТИ РЕГИОНОВ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОГО ЧЕРНОЗЕМЬЯ: ПРИОРИТЕТЫ И ОЖИДАЕМЫЕ ЭФФЕКТЫ

The purpose of the study is to identify the main trends in the evolution of state and municipal government in Russia at the regional and local levels after the amendments to the Basic Law of the Russian Federation. It is established that the amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation in 2020 launched the organizational and legal arrangement of a unified system of public authority in the country. On the basis of the amendments, the federal legislation on the organization of power at the regional level has already been transformed, and serious changes are expected in the legal regulation and organization of local self-government. The key direction of the changes is the unification, centralization and "verticalization" of the system of public authority. At the same time, state authorities in the subjects of the Russian Federation will receive additional opportunities in terms of regulation of the local authorities’ activity and control over it. The general orientation of the novels already adopted and proposed for adoption strengthens the system of vertical political and resource control of higher levels of public authority over lower ones. It promotes the state economic policy based on the redistribution of resources accumulated in the federal center through state programs and projects down the "vertical". The key problems in the functioning of such a structure are the difficulties in making decisions on the optimal allocation of resources and the implementation of state policy, the distortion of information when hierarchical political and managerial control prevails.