Characteristics Of Reliability Research Articles

Методика измерения репродуктивной установки взрослых

The article describes the idea of the problem of the study of reproductive attitudes in modern science. In a theoretical review, the reproductive attitude is considered both as a kind of social attitude and as a complex socio-psychological mechanism consisting of cognitive, affective and behavioral elements, while the reproductive attitude is expressed through a set of judgments about parenthood, its evaluative perception with reference to the degree of positivity or negativity of the attitude and a set of parenting-related activities. Since the value and semantic aspect of reproductive behavior is also changing, the value of a child and parenthood competes with such values as the values of professional self-realization, high social status, comfort, self-development, and in many cases is replaced by them. The main reproductive trends of our time are postponing childbearing and focusing on having few or no children. Thus, becoming more widespread, negative reproductive attitudes are of considerable research interest, however, they are not fully studied in a comprehensive manner, mainly in the context of the socio-economic situation. In this regard, the experience of developing a methodology for measuring the reproductive attitude of adults is presented. The psychometric development methodology was the interval scale paradigm. The technique was developed based on the Thurstone scale algorithm. The Thurstone scale is known as the equal-apparent interval method and is one of the scales traditionally used to measure attitudes. The presented method has been verified and currently has the characteristics of retest reliability and criterion validity. The study was implemented on the example of respondents living in the Moscow region.

Design and Research of the Intelligent Water Temperature Monitoring System

In the industrial production process, people need to detect and control the temperature in various types of heating furnaces. The equipment selected for the water temperature control system designed in this paper is a single-chip microcomputer. The single-chip microcomputer has the characteristics of low power consumption, high performance, good reliability, and ease of production. Moreover, the single-chip microcomputer is more convenient, simple, and flexible in step control of temperature, which can improve the technical indicators of the controlled temperature, thus greatly improving the reliability of the product. In the design process, firstly, the hardware design is carried out. Secondly, the software design is carried out. And finally, comprehensive debugging is carried out to realize the constant temperature intelligent control of water temperature.

The Serbian version of the Brunnsviken brief quality of life scale: reliability, validity, and psychometric features among the population of high school students

Background/Aim. Measuring the quality of life (QoL) is vital in daily clinical practice because it shows significant in-formation in addition to symptoms. There are a large number of scales for assessing the QoL. The Brunnsviken Brief Quality of Life scale (BBQ) measures importance-adjusted satisfaction across six life areas. A validation study of the BBQ scale showed good questionnaire features (high con-current and convergent validity, internal and test-retest reliability, and sensitivity to change). Therefore, the BBQ scale is excellent for use in psychiatric patients to measure outcomes, as well as for everyday screening. Methods. This prospective cross-sectional study was performed among the final-year students in five high schools in Kragujevac, Serbia. Students completed the BBQ questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using a standard statistical method for scale validation and standardization. Results. Our study showed that the BBQ scale had high internal consistency (Cronbach?s alpha = 0.687). That result showed that the scale had good reliability in our study. The average BBQ score was 69.63 ? 16.70 (male: 69.66 ? 18.46; female: 69.83 ? 15.78, p = 0.944). Conclusion. The Serbian version of BBQ satisfies all the criteria of successful validation. There-fore, this scale can be helpful in assessing the QoL in the healthy youth population in Serbia.

Multi-objective transmission expansion planning based on Pareto dominance and neural networks

• A novel TEP approach to consider the reliability criterion over the optimization. • The probabilistic feature of reliability is considered in the TEP problem. • The multi-objective TEP problem is solved in an efficient manner by the ND-MCS. • The proposed ND-MCS leads to a more targeted and efficient search in solution space. • The planner decisions can be made by applying a fuzzy criterion after the convergence. This paper presents an algorithm to solve the multi-objective transmission expansion planning (TEP) problem including the investment and reliability criteria. The reliability is considered by using the Expected energy not supplied (EENS) index. The main contribution consists on handling the reliability criterion in the optimization process, which tends to provide solutions with better trade-off between the mentioned criteria. For that purpose, a novel probabilistic algorithm called non-dominated Monte Carlo simulation (ND-MCS) is proposed to allow solving the multi-objective TEP problem with suitable computational effort and efficacy even considering the probabilistic feature of reliability in the optimization. In addition, a Support Vector Machine (SVM) network is applied embedded within the ND-MCS. The proposed methodology integrates the Pareto dominance method as a convergence criterion to MCS and a fuzzy criterion to support the decision making. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is tested in three systems, including a practical Brazilian network.

Fin Field Effect Transistor with Active 4-Bit Arithmetic Operations in 22 nm Technology

A design of a high-speed multi-core processor with compact size is a trending approach in the Integrated Circuits (ICs) fabrication industries. Because whenever device size comes down into narrow, designers facing many power density issues should be reduced by scaling threshold voltage and supply voltage. Initially, Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) technology supports power saving up to 32 nm gate length, but further scaling causes short severe channel effects such as threshold voltage swing, mobility degradation, and more leakage power (less than 32) at gate length. Hence, it directly affects the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), which suffers a significant power density of the scaled multi-core architecture. Therefore, it losses reliability features to get overheating and increased temperature. This paper presents a novel power minimization technique for active 4-bit ALU operations using Fin Field Effect Transistor (FinFET) at 22 nm technology. Based on this, a diode is directly connected to the load transistor, and it is active only at the saturation region as a function. Thereby, the access transistor can cutoff of the leakage current, and sleep transistors control the flow of leakage current corresponding to each instant ALU operation. The combination of transistors (access and sleep) reduces the leakage current from micro to nano-ampere. Further, the power minimization is achieved by connecting the number of transistors (6T and 10T) of the FinFET structure to ALU with 22 nm technology. For simulation concerns, a Tanner (T-Spice) with 22 nm technology implements the proposed design, which reduces threshold voltage swing, supply power, leakage current, gate length delay, etc. As a result, it is quite suitable for the ALU architecture of a high-speed multi-core processor.

Using Dynamic Structural Equation Modeling to Examine Between- and Within-Persons Factor Structure of the DASS-21.

The recent integration of traditional time series analysis and confirmatory factor analysis techniques allows researchers to evaluate the psychometric properties of measurement instruments at between- and within-persons levels while accounting for autoregressive dependencies. The current study applies a dynamic structural equation modeling (SEM) latent factor analysis (i.e., DSEM-CFA) to a sample of 333 individuals who completed the DASS-21 at their regular therapy sessions. The results of the DSEM-CFA illuminate the reliability, invariance, and structural features of each DASS-21 subscale both between and within persons. The results suggest that the DASS-21 reliably measures depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms when evaluating differences between persons, but does not reliably assess within-persons fluctuations in symptoms over time. The results also suggest that currently accepted methods of modeling sensitivity to change within an instrument are likely lacking and the DSEM-CFA provides insight into reliability within and between persons, which is extremely important for instruments used across time.

Item format statistics and readability of extended matching questions as an effective tool to assess medical students

Testing based on multiple choice questions (MCQ) is one of the most established forms of assessment, not only in the medical field. Extended matching questions (EMQ) represent a specific type of MCQ designed to require higher levels of cognition, such as problem-solving. The purpose of this evaluation was to assess the suitability and efficiency of EMQ as an assessment method. EMQ were incorporated into the end-of-semester examination in internal medicine, in which 154 students participated, and compared with three established MCQ types. Item and examination quality were investigated, as well as readability and processing time. EMQ were slightly more difficult to score; however, both item discrimination and discrimination index were higher when compared to other item types. EMQ were found to be significantly longer and required more processing time, but readability was improved. Students judged EMQ as clearly challenging, but attributed significantly higher clinical relevance when compared to established MCQ formats. Using the Spearman-Brown prediction, only ten EMQ items would be needed to reproduce the Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.75 attained for the overall examination. EMQ proved to be both efficient and suitable when assessing medical students, demonstrating powerful characteristics of reliability. Their expanded use in favor of common MCQ could save examination time without losing out on statistical quality.

Research on SVPWM control algorithm based on dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor

Compared with the three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor, the dual-three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor has the characteristics of high reliability, small torque fluctuation, and strong fault tolerance, which is suitable for application in the fields of ships, aerospace, and electric vehicles. However, due to the presence of harmonic sub-spaces in dual-three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motors, small voltage distortions can lead to excessive harmonic currents. In this paper, the dual-three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor is used as a research object, and a control algorithm is designed to suppress its harmonic current. The traditional 48-sector SVPWM does not take into account the simultaneous action of the three-phase bridge arm of the same group of inverters during sector conversion, so it generates a large harmonic current when sector conversion. Therefore, this paper proposes an improved 48-sector SVPWM, which makes a partial adjustment to the vector selection of each sector based on the traditional 48-sector SVPWM, so that the zero vector selection of each sector is the same, avoiding the situation that the same group of three-phase bridge arms acts simultaneously when the sector is converted. The basic principles of improving the 48-sector SVPWM are introduced in detail, and the simulation analysis is carried out in MATLAB, which verifies the correctness of the theoretical analysis in this paper. The results show that this algorithm not only inherits the advantages of the traditional 48-sector SVPWM that is easy to implement in hardware, but also further reduces the harmonic current of the stator.

Lifetime Prediction of Mica Paper Capacitors Based on an Improved Iterative Grey–Markov Chain Model

Mica paper capacitors possess the characteristics of high energy storage density and reliability and have been widely applied in various power systems as energy storage components. The lifetime of capacitors is a critical factor that ensures the reliability of a system. The leakage resistance of a mica paper capacitor can be utilized to characterize its lifetime. However, the decrease of leakage resistance caused by a single test pulse is slight during a lifetime test. A large number of test pulses are needed to obtain complete lifetime data of mica paper capacitors. To obtain lifetime prediction of capacitors based on limited data, an improved iterative Grey–Markov chain model based on unbiased grey system theory, fuzzy classification with fuzzy C-mean (FCM) algorithm, and an iterative method is proposed. It can take advantage of the prediction power of the conventional Grey–Markov model and improve anti-interference performance simultaneously. As an example, six mica paper capacitors are utilized to validate the feasibility and practicability of this model. The working state and remaining lifetime of mica capacitors can be dynamically evaluated through this model in practical applications. This model is also applicable to forecasting in other lifetime testing situations. This helps to assess the reliability of a whole system.

Game Theoretic Approach for Multipriority Data Transmission in 5G Vehicular Networks

The vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication driven by the fifth generation (5G) cellular mobile network with the features of ultra-high reliability and low latency provides promising solutions to various applications in the intelligent transportation system (ITS). To improve the resource utilization and guarantee the quality-of-service (QoS), users in 5G vehicular networks have to select appropriate communication modes and control their own transmission power. However, the highly dynamic network topology and channel status pose challenges to the mode selection. In this paper, we propose a scheme for joint mode selection and power adaptation based on the game theoretic approach with the objective of maximizing the overall system throughput. We consider the transmission requirements of multi-priority packets of different vehicular applications, where packets with higher priority have more stringent latency constraints. The segmented auction method with reserve price is performed to select modes for the vehicular users (VUEs) and the Stackelberg gaming model is introduced to solve the problem of cochannel interference. We compare our approach with three existing methods in extensive simulations. The results show that our approach outperforms the existing methods in terms of network performance, including the network throughput, resource utilization and QoS violation rate.

AUTHORIZED SUBJECTS OF WAR CRIMES INVESTIGATIONS IN UKRAINE: CRIMINAL PROCEDURAL ASPECT RELATED TO THE ISSUES OF PROVING GUILT IN CRIMINAL CASES

The article deals with the issue of significance of applying legal categories and concepts in strict accordance with their actual legal content, without adding emotional layers and expanding their importance due to the extraordinary military conditions. In particular, it should be noted that such trend is considered extremely detrimental to the process of pre-trial investigation in criminal proceedings regarding war crimes. Namely, it is stated as a fact that the general public in Ukraine is involved in activities connected with identifying, recording and collecting evidence of war crimes. In this way, a false public opinion is formed that every citizen, in an individual way, as well as through a network of organizations created on a state or public basis, is considered a subject of collecting evidence of war crimes in Ukraine related to the armed aggression of the Russian Federation. Instead, it is emphasized that in the area of criminal procedure, the «subjects of investigation» in such criminal proceedings, as in any other proceedings, are only specially authorized subjects that are persons who have the status of a subject responsible for collecting evidence taking into consideration their professional knowledge, official duties and authorities. It is stressed that this issue is of exceptional importance due to the requirements of the procedural format regarding the adequacy of evidence, since the identified, recorded and collected information about war crimes in Ukraine by a private citizen, transferred to volunteer NGOs is not considered evidence, since it is assumed that the evidence is also an appropriate status of data or information that testifies to the quality, reliability and procedural character of the activities performed to obtain them. On the basis of this, attention should be drawn to the fundamental issue of the interdependence of the authorized subjects who collect evidence of war crimes in Ukraine and the adequacy of evidence that impacts the efficiency of pre-trial investigation, the quality of court decisions and the indicator of justice and legality of justice in the country. At the same time, it should be specified that the call for strict compliance with the requirements of the procedural form regarding the subject composition of the process of war crimes evidence collection in Ukraine does not mean diminishing the activities of the private and public community, but it should be noted that this activity has different historical value, significance and purpose not related to criminal proceedings regarding war crimes. It should be summarized that the arbitrary use of legal categories and concepts, unjustified expansion of their content, do not provide for ensuring the quality of pre-trial investigation of war crimes and create a false idea in society about the criminal procedural activities of state bodies, which adversely affects the process of raising the level of legal culture of the citizens of Ukraine. Key words: war crimes, subjects of investigation, subjects of gathering and fixing evidence, parties to criminal proceedings, admissibility of evidence.

Traffic-Aware 6TiSCH Routing Method for IIoT Wireless Networks

The 6TiSCH network is a key technology of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), providing high reliability and deterministic features. However, IIoT sensors and facility applications generate heavy traffic loads. Various time-slotted channel hopping (TSCH) medium access layer (MAC) and routing protocols for low-power and lossy network (RPL) methods have been studied at each network layer to address this issue. Although TSCH MAC is standard for IIoT low-rate wireless networks, it has not been adequately considered in conventional RPL studies. Conventional RPL methods do not effectively utilize the characteristics of the TSCH MAC in heavy-traffic networks and may hinder performance. In this article, we introduce a traffic-aware (TA) RPL method that utilizes the cell allocation information of TSCH MAC. The number of allocated TSCH cells determines the bandwidth reserved by each node and includes the link quality and traffic information measured by the MAC layer. TA RPL facilitates efficient load balancing using cell allocation information and improves the bandwidth utilization of the network. Additionally, the proposed method can improve the deterministic features of the IIoT wireless network because the effect of the routing decision of each device can be predicted. Moreover, the packet delivery ratio and bandwidth utilization are improved by up to 31% and 20%, respectively, compared with the conventional methods based on simulation and testbed evaluations.

A Data-Based Reliability Analysis of ESP Failures in Oil Production Wells

Electrical Submersible Pumps (ESPs) are one of the most widely used artificial lift methods in the petroleum industry. However, ESP failures are unanticipated and common occurrences with significant financial impacts for the operators. Analysis of the ESP performance and failures are essential in its design and optimization. This paper presents a statistical approach for diagnosing and evaluating the root causes of ESP failures. The analysis is based on the field data gathered from the surface and downhole ESP monitoring equipment over five years of production of 10 wells. Electrical failures are the most common general cause of ESP failures, accounting for 61% of all failures, followed by motor failure and gas locking. Specifically, power failure, under-voltage, voltage unbalance, and motor underload are the most common occurrences. The data trends are analyzed for the two weeks before each specific failure, and conclusions are made on the warning signs to predict failures. In addition, a Weibull statistical analysis model is constructed to evaluate the reliability features and estimate the ESP failure probability, allowing operators to perform preventive maintenance. The results provide guidelines for ESP operations and contribute to reducing or preventing ESP downtimes and operating costs.

Green hotel selection: the effects of social learning and eco-labels

Diseño/metodología/enfoque (límite 100 palabras)El estudio utilizó un método experimental online entre sujetos con 199 encuestados, utilizado sólo en alrededor del 15% de los artículos de turismo publicados. Además, este método ofrecía características de fiabilidad y control.Objetivo (límite 100 palabras)El consumo sostenible es una vía crucial para el turismo sostenible. Por ello, este estudio investiga el efecto individual y combinado del aprendizaje social y las etiquetas ecológicas en la selección de hoteles ecológicos.Conclusiones (límite 100 palabras)El aprendizaje social y las ecoetiquetas por separado no pudieron influir en los turistas para que seleccionaran hoteles ecológicos. Sin embargo, la interacción del aprendizaje social del rendimiento positivo con las ecoetiquetas podría influir potencialmente en la selección de hoteles ecológicos por parte de los turistas. Por lo tanto, la interiorización del rendimiento de los hoteles ecológicos a partir de fuentes de confianza y la validación externa provocan cambios de comportamiento entre los turistas para seleccionar hoteles ecológicos. El estudio ofrece un nuevo modelo basado en el aprendizaje social para entender el consumo sostenible.Limitaciones/implicaciones de la investigación (límite 100 palabras)El estudio puede utilizar otros tipos de influencias sociales y puede ampliarse a otros entornos ecológicos.Implicaciones prácticas (límite 100 palabras)Proporciona ideas para la formulación de políticas y promociones a los directores de hoteles y a los promotores del turismo sostenible para comercializar hoteles ecológicos.Originalidad/valor (límite 100 palabras)Se aleja de la teoría tradicional y tiende un puente entre el aprendizaje social de los resultados a partir de fuentes relacionadas, la garantía de las entidades gobernantes y el consumo sostenible. El efecto de la interacción entre la influencia social y la etiqueta ecológica en la selección de hoteles ecológicos es un hallazgo novedoso. Además, introduce varios niveles de aprendizaje social en el debate sobre el consumo sostenible.

Accurate mode decomposition with the combination of the matrix analytic and the SPGD algorithm

The matrix analytic algorithm (MAA) offers excellent abilities in fast mode decomposition (MD) of multimode fibers. However, with the growth of the number of superposition modes, the residual error of the MAA becomes enlarged. In this case, it is not able to realize satisfactory MD due to the trade-off between the number of modes and the decomposition accuracy. In this paper, we propose a new, to the best of our knowledge, MD algorithm by introducing the stochastic parallel gradient descent (SPGD) algorithm to MAA. Specifically, the approximate value of the amplitude and relative phase is first obtained by MAA; then, the approximate value is used to obtain the accurate amplitude and relative phase iteratively through the SPGD method. The MAA-SPGD is helpful in avoiding accuracy degradation as the number of modes increases. With the introduction of SPGD, at the mode number of 50, the average value of the cross-correlation between the original and reconstructed image reduces from 0.25 to 0.02 for the difference from 1. Due to the appropriate initial iteration value from the MAA, the MAA-SPGD eliminates the local optimum, which reveals the stability and reliability features in MD.

A Review of the Research on the Influencing Factors of Lubrication Performance for Sliding Bearings

Background: Sliding bearing is a kind of bearing that works under sliding friction, which has the characteristics of stable operation, safety and reliability, and is noiseless. With the technological progress of the machinery industry, modern machinery and equipment is developing in the direction of high speed and heavy load, its power is getting higher and higher, and the working environment is getting worse, so plain bearings are more and more widely used. Objective: In order to improve the lubricating performance of sliding bearings, the influencing factors of the lubricating performance of sliding bearings are summarized and commented on. Methods: The research progress and achievements at home and abroad are summarized from three aspects: influencing factors of lubrication performance of radial sliding bearings, thrust sliding bearings, and influencing factors of lubricating oil on lubrication performance of sliding bearings, which provides reference for the future development of sliding bearings. Results: The study discusses the experimental method, simulation process, and experimental results of the factors affecting the lubrication performance of sliding bearing. Conclusion: The texture, deformation, surface morphology of oil cavity, eccentric load, and flow state of sliding bearings all affect the lubricating performance of sliding bearings, and lubricating oil also affects the lubricating performance of sliding bearings.

Structure design and performance research of the radar antenna array

In order to realize the compatibility of various transportation modes and rapid erection requirements of a large-aperture radar, this study takes a large-aperture high-spanning ratio P-band radar antenna array as the research object, and designs the array’s retraction, locking and synchronization control in detail. On this basis, the simulation analysis of the rigidity of the surface is carried out, and the accuracy of the face is actually measured. The simulation and actual measurement results show that the erection and retraction time are controlled within 11 minutes, and the synchronization error is controlled within 2mm. The retractor can meet the requirements of large-caliber P-band radar precision measurement, and has the characteristics of strong reliability, high synchronization accuracy, good maneuverability, high surface accuracy, and has broad application prospects.

A novel design of a passive variable stiffness soft robotic gripper

Inspired by the twisting and hanging phenomenon of vines, this paper proposes and designs a passive variable stiffness soft robotic gripper to grasp an object in a simple and robust manner using the principle of jamming. This method has the characteristics of high reliability and good stability, which can achieve soft grasping and rigid load-bearing of the object. Firstly, according to two key issues, the design model of the gripper is proposed, the principle of the proposed gripper is analyzed, and the relationship between the stiffness of the gripper and the stiffness of the object is revealed. Secondly, the model of the robotic gripper is created using a conventional motor drive method, and the grasping process and deformation causes of the gripper are analyzed by using the principle of instability effect and large deformation principle. Finally, the experimental prototype is developed and the feasibility of the design principle and the grasping deformation process of the gripper are verified by gripping experiments.

Fabrication of air‐conditioning tussah silk with capric–stearic eutectic mixture for effective energy storage and thermal‐regulatory applications

AbstractUnder the urgent demand of effective energy‐storage and thermal‐regulatory textile fabrics, the air‐conditioning tussah silk as a new arrival is endowed with this excellent property by coupling with the phase change material of capric acid–stearic acid eutectic mixture. In addition, the facile pad‐dry‐cure technique used with the assistance of ultrasonic waves efficiently avoided the problems of the sophisticated process and low efficiency in traditional post‐finishing methods with phase change microcapsules. With optimal preparation conditions, the resultant tussah silk exhibited a superior thermal reliability and thermoregulatory character along with a phase enthalpy of 31.80 J g−1 at a phase change temperature of 24.01 °C. Meanwhile, the tested air permeability, mechanical properties and washing fastness showed its favorable thermal and wear comfort. Benefitting from these admirable merits, this air‐conditioning tussah silk with tunable heat storage and release performance could automatically respond to external temperature stimuli, finally contributing to practical application in intelligent protective garments. The intelligent bidirectional temperature‐adjusting property corresponding to the efficient management of human skin temperature is beneficial for constructing a comfortable microclimate for the human body. In brief, our study provides a novel heat‐storage and temperature‐regulating textile with tussah silk as well as unique natural advantages by means of a simple preparation method. © 2022 Society of Industrial Chemistry.

Instagram Influencerlarının Cinsiyetine Göre Tüketici Profillerinin Belirlenmesi

Sosyal medyanın günümüzde elektronik ticaretin merkezi haline gelmesi ve devasa pazar paylarına ulaşmasıyla birlikte, beraberinde birçok iş modeli de ortaya çıkmıştır. Bunların en çok bilineni olarak son yıllarda influencer pazarlaması dikkat çekmektedir. Burada önemli olan daha fazla kişiye ulaşmak değil, doğru influencerlar kullanılarak doğru kişilere ulaşmaktadır. Doğru kişilere ulaşmak için influencerları tanımak kadar, sosyal medya kullanıcılarını da doğru bir şekilde analiz etmek gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, sosyal medyada faaliyet gösteren firmaların iş birliği yaptıkları influencerın cinsiyetlerine göre, takipçilerinin demografik profillerini belirlemektir. Instagram kullanıcılarının, hesaplarından takip ettikleri influencerlara yönelik araştırmanın yapıldığı bu çalışmada kümeleme analizi yapılarak tüketici profilleri belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Toplam 483 katılımcıdan elde edilen veriler, kaynak güvenirliği teorisi ön planda tutularak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, kadın sosyal medya kullanıcılarının; kadın influencerların tanıttıkları ürün hakkındaki uzmanlıklarına önem verirken, erkek influencerların uzmanlığına dair algılarının düşük olduğu görülmüştür. Benzer özellikler taşıyan tüketicilerin genel olarak, kadın influencerlarda güvenilirlik ve çekicilik özelliklerini erkeklere influencerlara oranla daha fazla önemsedikleri ise araştırma ile elde edilen bir başka sonuç olarak dikkat çekmektedir. Bu çalışma sosyal medya kullanan kişilerin, Instagram hesaplarından takip ettikleri influencerların cinsiyetlerine göre uzmanlık, çekicilik ve güvenilirlik hakkında düşüncelerini açıklamaktadır. Elde edilen sonuçlar ürün tanıtımlarında influencer kullanmak isteyen firmalara ve influencer pazarlaması hakkında çalışma yapmak isteyen araştırmacılara yönelik öneriler sunmaktadır.