Characteristics Of Control System Research Articles

Update of high voltage isolation control and monitoring system for HVE-400 ion implanter

HVE-400 ion implanter is special ion implantation equipment for semiconductor materials boron and phosphorus doping. The ion source and extraction deflection system are at high voltage platform, while the corresponding control system is at ground voltage position. The control signals and measurement signals of various parameters at the high-voltage end need to be transmitted between ground voltage and high voltage through optical fibers to isolate high voltage. Upgrading is carried out due to the aging of the optical fiber transmission control and monitoring system, which cannot work stably. The transformation replaces the original distributed single-point control method with an advanced distributed centralized control method, and integrates all control and monitoring functions into an industrial control computer for digital operation and display. In the computer software, two kinds of automatic calculation of ion mass number are designed. After upgrading, the implanter high-voltage platform control and monitoring system features digitalization, centralized control, high reliability, strong anti-interference, fast communication speed, and easy operation.

Advancing Manufacturing Efficiency through Real-time Production Monitoring and Control Systems

The advantages of both real-time production monitoring and control systems in enhancing the advancement of manufacturing efficiency cannot be overlooked. Manufacturing industries need to meet customers’ demand while still maximizing their profits via avoiding emergency shutdown of plants during production. Nonetheless, quality products with high purity level should be supplied uninterruptedly without breakage of supply chain. In recent times, failure of many of manufacturing industries to deliver their products to end users have been cited and reported. This was due to inadequate scheduling which was not being monitored via real-time production and control systems. There is need to tackle this problem which calls for the adoption of real-time production monitoring and control systems. In this paper, the concepts behind the use of real-time production monitoring and control systems were discussed. Consideration was given to how real-time production monitoring can be integrated in manufacturing. The features of real-time control systems were discussed alongside with their industrial applications in various disciplines of Engineering. Data analysis and prognostics, data collection, visualization module and data storage were identified as the relevant sequential steps in real time production monitoring in advancing manufacturing efficiency. In conclusion, the significance and importance of real-time production monitoring and control systems in advancing manufacturing efficiency have been revealed and discussed in this paper.

The performance of priority rules for the dynamic stochastic resource-constrained multi-project scheduling problem: an experimental investigation

AbstractWe consider the problem of a project manager of a matrix organization responsible for the timely completion of projects arriving over time and requiring the usage of a set of resources under his/her purview. A project is defined by a set of activities, precedence relations between activities, resource requirements, a customer due date, and a priority (a weight). Arriving projects are released to a flow control system that monitors the progress of activities and schedules the set of available activities, i.e., activities that are ready to be processed, as appropriate. A critical feature of such control systems is the decision process for choosing the next activity to seize a given resource. This is the focus of this paper. In the past several decades, various heuristic priority rules have been proposed in the literature to support this type of decision in differing settings such as the job shop problem and the deterministic resource-constrained project scheduling problem. A gap exists with respect to testing the various rules all together in the more realistic dynamic-stochastic multi-project environment when the objective is to minimize weighted project tardiness. The purpose of this paper is to fill this gap. Results show that the priority rule “Weighted Critical Ratio and Shortest Processing Time” $$(\hbox {W}(\hbox {CR}+\hbox {SPT}))$$ ( W ( CR + SPT ) ) is the best performing rule with respect to minimizing weighted project tardiness. $$\hbox {W}(\hbox {CR}+\hbox {SPT})$$ W ( CR + SPT ) is shown to be a variant of the family of “Modified Due Date” rules first introduced by Baker and Bertrand (J Oper Manage 1(3):37–42, 1982). Repeated application of Duncan’s Multiple Range test demonstrates the robustness of our findings. For the environmental parameters (due date tightness, variation of expected activity durations, and utilization of resource), the $$\hbox {W}(\hbox {CR}+\hbox {SPT})$$ W ( CR + SPT ) rule is dominant with respect to weighted project tardiness among the eleven priority rules tested. Only when the number of resources is very modest (either 1 or 3 resources) or under a purely parallel resource network is $$\hbox {W}(\hbox {CR}+\hbox {SPT})$$ W ( CR + SPT ) not the dominant rule. In those cases, its variant $$\hbox {W}(\hbox {CR}+\hbox {GSPT})$$ W ( CR + GSPT ) is the best performing rule with respect to weighted project tardiness.

Proxy failure as a feature of adaptive control systems.

The analysis of John et al. is lacking a fully general account of proxy failure. It is here proposed that proxy failure can be understood as a feature of all adaptive control systems. Whether proxies "fail" or "succeed" depends on the more encompassing view one can adopt for observing such systems.

Periodic insulin stimulation of Akt: Dynamic steady states and robustness

The periodic secretion of insulin is a salient feature of the blood glucose control system in vivo. Insulin levels in the blood exhibit oscillations on multiple time scales – rapid, ultradian, and circadian – and the improved metabolic regulation resulting from pulsatile insulin release has been well established. Although numerous mathematical models investigating the causal mechanisms of insulin oscillations have appeared in the literature, to date there has been comparatively little attention given to the influence of periodic insulin stimulation on downstream components of the insulin signalling pathway.In this paper, we explore the effect of high frequency periodic insulin stimulation on Akt (also known as PKB), a crucial crosstalk node in the insulin signalling pathway that coordinates metabolic and mitogenic processes in the cell. We analyse a mathematical model of Akt translocation to the plasma membrane under both single step insulin perturbations and periodic insulin stimulation with an emphasis on – but not limited to – the physiological range of parameter values.It was shown that the system rapidly attains a robust dynamic steady state entrained to the periodic insulin stimulation. Moreover, the translocation of Akt to the plasma membrane in the model permits a sufficient level of phosphorylation to trigger downstream metabolic regulators. However, the modelling also indicated that further investigation of this activation process is required to determine whether the response of Akt is a key determinant of the enhanced metabolic control observed under periodic insulin stimulation.

Revising a performance measurement and control system of an organization

Purpose This paper aims to explore the changes that an organizational performance and control system should perform to adapt to the current dynamic environment. Design/methodology/approach This paper first presents the features of a typical organizational control system. It identifies current technological developments that affect the control process and evaluates the changes that should be introduced in order for the organization to function effectively. Findings Although the components of organizational performance and control systems remain the same, most of them have changed their features, such as strategy should be visited more frequently, processes are digitized and therefore customers are more involved in the process, and actual performance can and should be monitored automatically. Originality/value This paper presents a comprehensive model of a control system that can be implemented by every organization, as well as points out control features that should be continuously reviewed and updated.

Testing and evaluation of a smart controller for reducing peak loads and return temperatures in district heating networks

A smart demand response control system aiming towards real-time operational optimisation of district heating (DH) network temperature levels, both in the return and supply pipes, has been developed in the TEMPO project. The return temperature is mainly dependent on the demand side. The controller optimises its value through control of the customers’ heat load. The network supply temperature, however, is directly controllable on the production side. The capabilities of supply temperature control are twofold. On the one hand, lowering the network supply temperature as close as possible to the limits determined by customer thermal demands. On the other hand, activating the intrinsic thermal capacity of the piping to temporarily store heat and thereby shifting the heat load in time. This provides additional energy flexibility potential on top of building demand response.In this study, the two features of the smart control system have been tested in a part of the DH network of Brescia (Italy). A cloud-based platform is used to collect real-time data from various sources and to communicate control signals calculated by the smart controller. The article presents the results of the tests and an evaluation of the controller performance. The analysis indicates that daily flow-weighted average return temperature reductions of almost 1 K on average can be achieved, and up to 15 K instantaneously. Using supply temperature control, the daily peak load energy supply could be reduced by 262 kWh (34%) on average, by shifting the heat load.

DETERMINATION OF THE TEMPERATURE FIELD DISTRIBUTION IN THE WINDING RODS OF THE STATOR OF TURBOGENERATORS OF TYPE TVV FOR PURPOSES OF CONTROL AND DIAGNOSTICS

Turbogenerators were and remain the most unreliable element at nuclear power plants in Ukraine. The most dangerous disturbances in the operation of turbogenerators of the TVV type is complete or partial blockage of the hollow conductors of the stator winding. The systems of operational control and technical diagnostics today, in a number of cases, cannot cope with the identification of these phenomena. The complex application of adequate mathematical models, indications of the standard thermal control system and new diagnostic features give the opportunity with sufficient accuracy for practical purposes to detect blockages in the hollow conductors of the stator windings of these turbogenerators. The aim of the work is to develop a program for calculating the three-dimensional temperature field in the rods of the stator winding of a turbogenerator of the TVV-1000-2U3 type, taking into account the temperature field of the stator core, to carry out a test calculation and to compare the experimental and to calculated data. The problem is solved with the help of the finite difference method using the integro-interpolation method.

Features of testing bulldozer control system with a GPS intensifier

Problem. The task of positioning the working mechanism of the bulldozer in real time is considered. It has been proven that modern road machines control systems combine achievements in the field of GPS satellite positioning and mechatronic means. A competitive analysis of bulldozer control systems showed that field tests of a traditional bulldozer and a bulldozer with a GPS intensifier have not been conducted before. The task of positioning the working mechanism of the CRM was solved without fully taking into account the diagnostic parameters. Goal. The goal is to establish the influence of the GPS-intensifier system on the technical and economic indicators of the machine and to obtain information about the productivity and duration of the bulldozer's working cycle when using the GPS-intensifier. Methodology. Test and simulation methods for machine control systems using electronic components for earthmoving machines and their equipment were used in the work. A methodology for conducting field tests of a traditional bulldozer and a bulldozer with a GPS intensifier has been developed. Results. The bulldozer control system with GPS intensifier was tested. Comparative analysis and technical and economic substantiation of the research results were carried out. The influence of the GPS-intensifier system on the technical and economic indicators of the machine has been established. Data were obtained on the performance and duration of the bulldozer's work cycle when using the GPS intensifier. The developed method of conducting field tests meets the standards and allows you to fully assess the impact of the new control system on the technical and economic indicators of the bulldozer's work cycle: the duration of the work cycle, total and hourly fuel consumption. Originality. The originality lies in the fact that the using intelligent components of information processing systems allow to increase machine productivity. Field tests of a traditional bulldozer and a bulldozer with a GPS intensifier have not been conducted before. Practical value. The use of a GPS intensifier makes it possible to predict the work of actuators CRM in real time.

Control system for ion Penning traps at the AEgIS experiment at CERN

The AEgIS experiment located at the Antiproton Decelerator at CERN aims to measure the gravitational fall of a cold antihydrogen pulsed beam. The precise observation of the antiatoms in the Earth gravitational field requires a controlled production and manipulation of antihydrogen. The neutral antimatter is obtained via a charge exchange reaction between a cold plasma of antiprotons from ELENA decelerator and a pulse of Rydberg positronium atoms. The current custom electronics designed to operate the 5 and 1 T Penning traps are going to be replaced by a control system based on the ARTIQ & Sinara open hardware and software ecosystem. This solution is present in many atomic, molecular and optical physics experiments and devices such as quantum computers. We report the status of the implementation as well as the main features of the new control system.

THEORETICAL BASES OF OPERATION OF AN INVENTORY INTERNAL CONTROL SYSTEM WITHIN THE BUDGET INSTITUTIONS

Introduction. In the modern period performing procedures of internal control is a significant part of the financial and economic activities and the important part in the accounting science. Being a part of an accounting system, financial control is the basic way of detecting system deficiencies and main source of management. The article proposes the concept of building efficient internal control system in budget institutions. The aim of the study is the declaration of tasks and functional features of the inventory internal control system, identification of objects and subjects of control. Methodology. The theoretical basis of the research is based on the study of accounting scientists in budgetary institutions. General science methods were applied to the research process, like observing, comparison , systematization and generalization. Results. The concept of an internal inventory control system was developed, including the main components of internal control. Recommendations on methodical provision of control function of accounting were formed. Conclusions. It is concluded that accounting and control systems in the budget institution are interdependent. The developed internal control methodology takes into account the specific accounting procedures for internal control in budget institutions. The proposed methodology may avoid the formalization of control procedures, increasing the effectiveness of the internal control system overall.

Sufficient and Necessary Condition for the Asymptotic Stability of Stochastic Systems With Discrete Time Feedbacks and Applications

This article is devoted to reveal some essential features of stochastic control systems with sampled data (SCSwSD). First, it is shown by a proposition that the moment asymptotic stability of the underlying system is equivalent to that of any regular accurate numerical scheme under simple conditions, which is convenient to be structured specially for SCSwSD. This kind of principle provides a way for inferring moment asymptotic stability of SCSwSD by numerical simulations logically. As the first application of the proposition, the accurate scheme construction procedure is introduced in a general framework and illustrated for the quasi-linear models, the mean square asymptotic stability of linear SCSwSD is investigated. The restriction to the upper bound of the sampling period is confirmed by the way. As the second application of the proposition, the almost sure stability of a kind of controlled system with sampled noise is analyzed via the discrete scheme approach. The concepts of accurate numerical computation and simulation (ANCS) are proposed. A distinctive character, sampled data based control (SDBC) only, for SDBC is reported and studied preliminarily based on ANCS and the equivalence proposition. Some important remarks are given as further analyses on related issues. Finally, numerical examples are given to illustrate the applications of the theoretical results.

Facilitating Asynchronous Collaboration in Scientific Workflow Composition Using Provenance

Advances in scientific domains are led to an increase in the complexity of the experiments. To address this growing complexity, scientists from different domains require to work collaboratively. Scientific Workflow Management Systems (SWfMSs) are popular tools for data-intensive experiments. To the best of our knowledge, very few of the existing SWfMSs support collaboration, and it is not efficient in many cases. Researchers share a single version of the workflow in existing collaborative data analysis systems, which increases the chance of interference as the number of collaborators grows. Moreover, for effective collaboration, contributors require a clear view of the project's status, the information that existing SWfMSs do not provide. Another significant problem is most scientists are not capable of adding collaborative tools to existing SWfMSs, and they need software engineers to take on this responsibility. Even for software engineers such tasks could be challenging and time consuming. In this paper, we attempted to address this crucial issue in scientific workflow composition and doing so in a collaborative setting. Hence, we propose a tool to facilitate collaborative workflow composition. This tool provides branching and versioning, which are standard version control system features to allow multiple researchers to contribute to the project asynchronously. We also suggest some visualizations and a variety of reports to increase group awareness and help the scientists to realize the project's status and issues. As a proof of concept, we developed an API to capture the provenance data and provide collaborative tools. This API is developed as an example for software engineers to help them understand how to integrate collaborative tools into any SWfMS. We collect provenance information during workflow composition and then employ it to track workflow versions using the proposed collaborative tool. Prior to implementing the visualizations, we surveyed to discover how much the proposed visualizations could contribute to group awareness. Moreover, in the survey we investigated to what extent the proposed version control system could help address shortcomings in collaborative experiments. The survey participants provided us with valuable feedback. In future, we will use the survey responses to enhance the proposed version control system and visualizations.

Rhythmic firing of neurons in the medulla of conscious freely behaving rats: rhythmic coupling with baroreceptor input.

Recent investigations emphasized the importance of neural control of cardiovascular adjustments in complex behaviors, including stress, exercise, arousal, sleep-wake states, and different tasks. Baroreceptor feedback is an essential component of this system acting on different time scales from maintaining stable levels of cardiovascular parameters on the long-term to rapid alterations according to behavior. The baroreceptor input is essentially rhythmic, reflecting periodic fluctuations in arterial blood pressure. Cardiac rhythm is a prominent feature of the autonomic control system, present on different levels, including neuron activity in central circuits. The mechanism of rhythmic entrainment of neuron firing by the baroreceptor input was studied in great detail under anesthesia, but recordings of sympathetic-related neuron firing in freely moving animals remain extremely scarce. In this study, we recorded multiple single neuron activity in the reticular formation of the medulla in freely moving rats during natural behavior. Neurons firing in synchrony with the cardiac rhythm were detected in each experiment (n = 4). In agreement with prior observations in anesthetized cats, we found that neurons in this area exhibited high neuron-to-neuron variability and temporal flexibility in their coupling to cardiac rhythm in freely moving rats, as well. This included firing in bursts at multiples of cardiac cycles, but not directly coupled to the heartbeat, supporting the concept of baroreceptor input entraining intrinsic neural oscillations rather than imposing a rhythm of solely external origin on these networks. It may also point to a mechanism of maintaining the basic characteristics of sympathetic neuron activity, i.e., burst discharge and cardiac-related rhythmicity, on the background of behavior-related adjustments in their firing rate.

The role of the internal control system of a commercial bank on the example of Sberbank PJSC

This article discusses the issue related to the importance of proper functioning of the internal control system. Sberbank PJSC was chosen as the organization under consideration. The main methods involved a systematic approach, statistical methods of processing arrays of information, methods of analysis and synthesis. Inductive and deductive methods were widely used, as well as comparative analysis. The main results of the study can be called the clarification of the role of the internal control system in the activities of commercial banking structures. The author studied the key characteristics of the internal control system, identified a number of factors that can influence the development of this phenomenon, and also identified the basic functions that are implemented thanks to this system. In addition, this article examines the main features of the internal control system in Sberbank PJSC, analyzes the activities carried out within this system. The following provisions confirmed the importance of purposeful development of the internal control system: Sberbank became the first in the ranking of the most valuable brands in Russia and the fifth most valuable banking brand in Europe in 2020 according to Brand Finance. This would be impossible without a clear division of duties and responsibilities between structural units. The results obtained confirm the need to develop an internal control system, even if the company is in a stable position. In conclusion, the author gave recommendations on possible improvements in the existing internal control system of Sberbank PJSC, while noting that this organization shows one of the best results in the matter under consideration

Effect of Jet-to-Jet Distance and Pipe Position on Flow and Heat Transfer Features of Active Clearance Control Systems

Abstract The goal of this work is to investigate the effect of supply pipe position on the heat transfer features of various active clearance control (ACC) geometries, characterized by different jet-to-jet distances. All geometries present 0.8 mm circular impingement holes arranged in a single row. The jets generated by such holes cool a flat target surface, which is replicated by a metal plate in the experimental setup. Measurements are performed using the steady-state technique, obtained by heating up the target plate thanks to an electrically heated Inconel foil applied on the side of the target opposite to the jets. Temperature is also measured on this side by means of an IR camera. Heat transfer is then evaluated thanks to a custom-designed finite difference procedure, capable of solving the inverse conduction problem on the target plate. The effect of pipe positioning is studied in terms of pipe-to-target distance (from 3 to 11 jet diameters) and pipe orientation (i.e., rotation around its axis, from 0 deg to 40 deg with respect to target normal direction), while the investigated jet Reynolds numbers range from 6000 to 10,000. The obtained results reveal that heat transfer is maximized for a given pipe-to-target distance, dependent on both jet-to-jet distance and target surface extension. Pipe rotation also affects the cooling features in a nonmonotonic way, suggesting the existence of different flow regimes related to jet inclination.

КОНТРОЛЬ В СФЕРЕ ЗАКУПОК ТОВАРОВ, РАБОТ, УСЛУГ ДЛЯ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫХ И МУНИЦИПАЛЬНЫХ НУЖД

This article discusses the concept of «control in the field of procurement», raises the problems of optimizing this activity, analyzes the shortcomings of control in the field of state and municipal procurement in Russia. Based on the analysis, proposals are made to improve both the control itself and the procurement system. The purpose of this work is to assess the features of the current control system in the field of public procurement and identify problematic aspects of its implementation.

The problem of control systems for illicit trafficking of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances

The subject of the study is problematic issues of control systems for illicit trafficking of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. The author analyzes the control systems of the Russian Federation, as well as foreign states, analyzes the relationship of the control system for illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances with the national security system of the state. Particular attention is paid to the search and justification of common features and features of control systems for illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances in existing legal systems. The author examines in detail such aspects of the topic as the classification of control systems, the principles of functioning of control systems and the extension of the tools of existing control systems to new potentially dangerous psychoactive substances. The novelty of the research lies in a comprehensive analysis of existing legal norms aimed at suppressing illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. The author introduces the term "control system for illicit trafficking of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances", and classifies existing control systems. The main conclusions of the study are: 1) currently, there are individual, universal and mixed control systems for illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances; 2) the Russian control system is individual; 3) the universal control system is most consistent with the goals of ensuring national security. The results of the study are applicable in law-making, law enforcement and research activities.

Системы автоматического управления и регулирования теплоэнергетических установок

The modern stringent requirements for fuel efficiency, exhaust gases toxicity and dynamic performance can only be met by equipping thermal power plants with modern control and regulation systems. Thermal power plants based on internal combustion engines have found the greatest application. They are used in different fields --- automobile and railway transport, agricultural, road-building and forestry machines, in ship-building, aviation, stationary power plants. The analysis of the main directions for further improvement of thermal power plants with internal combustion engines and their automated control and regulation systems has been carried out. Among these directions are an expansion of functional capabilities in such systems, improvement of control and regulation processes quality and their use at adaptation of thermal power plants to work on alternative fuels. The important aspects for improvement of thermal power plants with internal combustion engines are the necessity of studying the working processes of engines and their systems in order to decrease the exhaust gases toxicity. The relevance of these systems research is shown and the evaluation of the current level in their development is made. A characteristic feature of modern control and regulation systems of thermal power plants is their widespread construction on modern microprocessor element base The paper was based on the materials of the reports of the all-Russian scientific and technical conference n.a. Professor V.I. Krutov (27.01.2021)

Modeling, Controller Design and Simulation Groundwork on Multirotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Hybrid Power Unit

This paper presents the results of modeling, control system design and simulation verification of a hybrid-electric drive topology suitable for power flow control within unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The hybrid power system is based on the internal combustion engine (ICE) driving a brushless DC (BLDC) generator supplying the common DC bus used for power distribution within the aircraft. The overall control system features proportional-integral-derivative (PID) feedback control of the ICE rotational speed using a Luenberger estimator for engine-generator set rotational speed estimation. The BLDC generator active rectifier voltage and current are controlled by proportional-integral (PI) feedback controllers, augmented by estimator-based feed-forward load compensators. The overall control system design has been based on damping optimum criterion, which yields straightforward analytical expressions for controller and estimator parameters. The robustness to key process parameters variations is investigated by means of root-locus methodology, and the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid power unit control system is verified by means of comprehensive computer simulations.