Characteristics Of Control System Research Articles

Системы автоматического управления и регулирования теплоэнергетических установок

The modern stringent requirements for fuel efficiency, exhaust gases toxicity and dynamic performance can only be met by equipping thermal power plants with modern control and regulation systems. Thermal power plants based on internal combustion engines have found the greatest application. They are used in different fields --- automobile and railway transport, agricultural, road-building and forestry machines, in ship-building, aviation, stationary power plants. The analysis of the main directions for further improvement of thermal power plants with internal combustion engines and their automated control and regulation systems has been carried out. Among these directions are an expansion of functional capabilities in such systems, improvement of control and regulation processes quality and their use at adaptation of thermal power plants to work on alternative fuels. The important aspects for improvement of thermal power plants with internal combustion engines are the necessity of studying the working processes of engines and their systems in order to decrease the exhaust gases toxicity. The relevance of these systems research is shown and the evaluation of the current level in their development is made. A characteristic feature of modern control and regulation systems of thermal power plants is their widespread construction on modern microprocessor element base The paper was based on the materials of the reports of the all-Russian scientific and technical conference n.a. Professor V.I. Krutov (27.01.2021)

Modeling, Controller Design and Simulation Groundwork on Multirotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Hybrid Power Unit

This paper presents the results of modeling, control system design and simulation verification of a hybrid-electric drive topology suitable for power flow control within unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The hybrid power system is based on the internal combustion engine (ICE) driving a brushless DC (BLDC) generator supplying the common DC bus used for power distribution within the aircraft. The overall control system features proportional-integral-derivative (PID) feedback control of the ICE rotational speed using a Luenberger estimator for engine-generator set rotational speed estimation. The BLDC generator active rectifier voltage and current are controlled by proportional-integral (PI) feedback controllers, augmented by estimator-based feed-forward load compensators. The overall control system design has been based on damping optimum criterion, which yields straightforward analytical expressions for controller and estimator parameters. The robustness to key process parameters variations is investigated by means of root-locus methodology, and the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid power unit control system is verified by means of comprehensive computer simulations.

Vector Modulation-Based Model Predictive Current Control with Filter Resonance Suppression and Zero-Current Switching Sequence for Two-Stage Matrix Converter

This paper proposes a novel model predictive current control scheme for two-stage matrix converter. The switching frequency is kept constant by fixing the switching instant. The control strategy achieves to control source reactive power in the input side and output currents in the output side. In addition, the advantage of the proposed strategy compared with conventional model predictive control is firstly proved using the principle of vector synthesis and the law of sines in the vector distribution area. Moreover, a zero-current switching sequence is proposed and implemented to insure zero-current switching operations and reduce the switching losses. Furthermore, in order to suppress the input filter resonance, which is easier to be inspired by the model predictive control, compared with traditional control strategies, an innovative active damping technique is proposed and implemented. Finally, both simulation and experiment are implemented to verify the performance of the proposed strategy. The results demonstrate that the control system features both good steady and transient performance.

A Novel Predictive Control Method with Optimal Switching Sequence and Filter Resonance Suppression for Two-Stage Matrix Converter

This paper proposes a vector modulation-based model predictive current control strategy for a two-stage matrix converter. The switching frequency is kept constant by fixing the switching instantly. The control scheme controls the source reactive power on the input side and output currents on the output side. Besides, the advantage of the proposed strategy compared with conventional model predictive control is firstly proved using the principle of vector synthesis and the law of sines in the vector distribution area. Moreover, to ensure zero-current switching operations and reduce the switching losses, an optimal switching sequence is proposed and implemented. Furthermore, considering that the input filter resonance is easier to be inspired by the model predictive control, compared with conventional linear control strategies, an innovative active damping technique is proposed to suppress the input filter resonance. To assess the performance of the proposed method, simulation and experimental results are demonstrated, showing that the control system features both good steady-state and transient performance.

Fuzzy Logic for Intelligent Control System Using Soft Computing Applications.

When considering the concept of distributed intelligent control, three types of components can be defined: (i) fuzzy sensors which provide a representation of measurements as fuzzy subsets, (ii) fuzzy actuators which can operate in the real world based on the fuzzy subsets they receive, and, (iii) the fuzzy components of the inference. As a result, these elements generate new fuzzy subsets from the fuzzy elements that were previously used. The purpose of this article is to define the elements of an interoperable technology Fuzzy Applied Cell Control-soft computing language for the development of fuzzy components with distributed intelligence implemented on the DSP target. The cells in the network are configured using the operations of symbolic fusion, symbolic inference and fuzzy–real symbolic transformation, which are based on the concepts of fuzzy meaning and fuzzy description. The two applications presented in the article, Agent-based modeling and fuzzy logic for simulating pedestrian crowds in panic decision-making situations and Fuzzy controller for mobile robot, are both timely. The increasing occurrence of panic moments during mass events prompted the investigation of the impact of panic on crowd dynamics and the simulation of pedestrian flows in panic situations. Based on the research presented in the article, we propose a Fuzzy controller-based system for determining pedestrian flows and calculating the shortest evacuation distance in panic situations. Fuzzy logic, one of the representation techniques in artificial intelligence, is a well-known method in soft computing that allows the treatment of strong constraints caused by the inaccuracy of the data obtained from the robot’s sensors. Based on this motivation, the second application proposed in the article creates an intelligent control technique based on Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC), a feature of intelligent control systems that can be used as an alternative to traditional control techniques for mobile robots. This method allows you to simulate the experience of a human expert. The benefits of using a network of fuzzy components are not limited to those provided distributed systems. Fuzzy cells are simple to configure while also providing high-level functions such as mergers and decision-making processes.

AN OVERVIEW OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF SAFETY SYSTEMS IN INDUSTRIAL CONTROL SYSTEMS

Industrial machines can be very hazardous to human life, even automated ones. There are many regulations, laws, and technical approaches implemented to reduce the risks they can pose to people, especially industrial workers, and operators during maintenance or when direct intervention by people is required. With the industrial climate nowadays, which pushes for more and more safety for the workers, development in safety features of industrial control system has been increasing steadily. This paper analyzes some of the newest iterations of those safety systems and how they may influence the industrial field.

Neurobehavioral assessment of force feedback simulation in industrial robotic teleoperation

Telerobotic operation, i.e., a human operator to manipulate remote robotic systems at a distance, has started to gain its popularity in the construction industry. It is expected to help tackle operational challenges in dynamic construction workplaces. The success of telerobotic operation builds on the effective design of the human-robot interface to provide human operators with necessary senses about the remote workplaces, involving multimodal sensory cues, such as visual, audio and haptic feedback. Especially the force feedback design in telerobotic control interface is of central interest and is becoming the main feature of the bilateral control system for teleoperation, as it helps provide feedback about heavy physical interactions and processes in typical construction operations. Nonetheless, how force feedback simulation solutions affect the human operator's perceptional and behavioral reactions is less understood. This paper investigates the neurobehavioral performance of operators with a bilateral control system in a typical industrial valve operation experiment (n = 21). The experiment tested two force feedback conditions: Realistic (the system replicates the exact same feeling of the torque in valve manipulation operations) and Mediated (the simulation reduces the force on the human operator end by 50% to enable more flexible controls). The performance of the participants was evaluated via various metrics, including task performance, human performance and operational velocity uniformity. Data was collected with eye-tracking, neuroimaging (functional near-infrared spectroscopy, fNIRS), motion analysis, and NASA TLX surveys. The results indicated that the mediated force feedback in bilateral telerobotic operation helped more accurate operation, increased dual tasking, reduced cognitive load and more efficient neural functions; yet it encouraged participants to engage in more irregular actions, showing as dramatic changes in valve rotating speeds. The findings suggest that the force feedback design of telerobotic systems should be more carefully thought through to balance the advantages and disadvantages.

Design of Hydraulic Control System for Press Machine and Analysis on Its Fluid Transmission Features

The stability and reliability of hydraulic control system have a direct bearing on the overall dynamic performance of the press machine. Hydromechanical analysis on the hydraulic control system is of theoretical and practical significance to improving the transmission performance and structural design of the entire press machine. From a quantitative perspective, this paper firstly analyzes the fluid transmission features of the hydraulic control system for the press machine, and presents the fluid transmission route and design drawings of the hydraulic control system. The next step is the design of the hydraulic control system. The authors specified the steps of design and calculation for the hydraulic control cylinder, and the principles for determining the power of the diesel engine. After that, experiments were carried out to verify the dynamic and static features of the designed system, and prove that our system is scientific and rational.

High static low dynamic stiffness outriggers effects on vibration control on cantilever Timoshenko Beam under earthquake excitation

High Static Low Dynamic Stiffness (HSLDS) is a kind of nonlinear visco-elastic device with features of passive control systems. This device presents the main advantages of working without a need for external energy and a maintenance of low cost. Thus, the paper deals with effects of HSLDS-outriggers at a predefined location on a high rise building subjected under earthquake excitation. The partial derivative equations based on the Timoshenko theory are used to model the tall building as an elastic-continuum beam. The nonstationary random approach is used to illustrate the dynamics of earthquake excitation of repeated sequences. Known as the powerful analytical tool and currently applicable to a variety of stochastic and deterministic problems, the stochastic averaging generalized by harmonic function is developed to linearize the modal equation of the structural system. It is showed that the direct simulation is good agreement with equivalent linearization technique. In doing so, it appears that this approximate analytical technique is very convenient to quantify the threshold values of parameters of the HSLDS control device. The obtained results come out that the control device significantly improved the seismic performance of the structural system at an acceptable level.

A Unified User-Friendly Instrument Control and Data Acquisition System for the ORNL SANS Instrument Suite

In an effort to upgrade and provide a unified and improved instrument control and data acquisition system for the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) instrument suite—biological small-angle neutron scattering instrument (Bio-SANS), the extended q-range small-angle neutron scattering diffractometer (EQ-SANS), the general-purpose small-angle neutron scattering diffractometer (GP-SANS)—beamline scientists and developers teamed up and worked closely together to design and develop a new system. We began with an in-depth analysis of user needs and requirements, covering all perspectives of control and data acquisition based on previous usage data and user feedback. Our design and implementation were guided by the principles from the latest user experience and design research and based on effective practices from our previous projects. In this article, we share details of our design process as well as prominent features of the new instrument control and data acquisition system. The new system provides a sophisticated Q-Range Planner to help scientists and users plan and execute instrument configurations easily and efficiently. The system also provides different user operation interfaces, such as wizard-type tool Panel Scan, a Scripting Tool based on Python Language, and Table Scan, all of which are tailored to different user needs. The new system further captures all the metadata to enable post-experiment data reduction and possibly automatic reduction and provides users with enhanced live displays and additional feedback at the run time. We hope our results will serve as a good example for developing a user-friendly instrument control and data acquisition system at large user facilities.

Numerical Imitation Simulation of Assembly Mechanism Dynamics

Numerical simulation is widespread method to investigate machines and robotic mechanisms in different applications.Program complexes such as MATHLAB Simulink and similar ones are based on the assumption that mechanism kinematics can be described by kinematic scheme and it does not change on time interval of simulation. This is used to generateequations of dynamics automatically and then calculate the mechanism motion. Formulated assumption does not take place for numerous applications cause a set of contact points between mechanism parts is not permanent. This circumstancerestricts application area of simulation method and accuracy of investigations. "Physical drives" are software systems formotion simulation of interacting bodies in real time. This restricts the complicity of dynamics model that are used in simulation. The paper describes the simulation method in which mechanism is represented as mechanical system of geometricalbodies. Their motion is defined by Lagrange virtual movement principle. Simulation algorithm generates equations automatically when all contact points between mechanism parts and with external environment are found. Simulation programwas been used to investigate the motion of cylindrical shaft in assembly operation. It was been became all scenarios ofshaft motion relatively hole. Each of them is defined by initial position of shaft and hole and also mechanical features ofassembly device units or features of assembly manipulator servo control system. Simulation algorithm calculates assemblyforce, forces and moments are acted in mechanism and between mating surfaces. Developed simulation program can beused for choosing of constructive parameters and defining acceptable deviation in initial shaft position.

Quality improvement of monolithic steel fiber concrete floor slabs with void formers

The features of the technology for the monolithic floors construction using void formers have been studied, its disadvantages have been identified and the ways to eliminate them have been proposed. At the first stage of this work, the reasons for the low quality of monolithic floors with void formers were studied by the method of visual and measuring control, and by comparing with known scientific and industrial data. At the second stage, by the method of systematization the main defects and damages arising in the construction, repair and usage of these floor slabs were classified and ways to eliminate them were proposed. At the third stage, the features of the quality control system, carried out directly during the construction of monolithic floor slabs using void formers, were studied, the composition of operations and control tools were proposed. According to the research results, it was found that the use of steel-fiber concrete in floors with non-removable void formers allows to reduce the percentage of reinforcement by 9.82%, compared to other known options, and also to reduce the consumption of concrete in comparison with a solid monolithic slab almost by half. The proposed quality control system will improve the efficiency of monolithic floor slabs using void formers.

КОНТРОЛЬ ТА ЙОГО МІСЦЕ В СИСТЕМІ УПРАВЛІННЯ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЄЮ

The article is devoted to the control and its role in the management system of the organization. This research outlines the importance of forming an effective control system at the enterprise within the integrated economic mechanism of the organization management. The article is substantiated the control as an indispensable element of the management system, which in modern conditions of enterprises functioning will allow them to provide its stable and safe development. During the research conduct, the theoretical systematization of the main aspects of the concept of control (characteristics of the main forms of control in the enterprise) has been identified. Moreover, structural characteristics (components of the control system and their detailed explanation) and intra-system properties of the management function of the enterprise (functional and organizational support, features and problems of control system at domestic enterprises) were defined. The article identifies the main forms of control (institutional, internal, market, corporate, business, social), the basic components of the control system in the economic management mechanism of the organization: objects, subjects, purpose, functions. Basic principles (such as continuity, integration, transparency, rational bureaucracy, timely prevention of adequacy and clarity) and control methods (documentary, organizational, calculation-analytical) were defined. The key tasks, the implementation of which is entrusted to the control system at the enterprise, are highlighted. The semantic components of functional (normative, methodical, software and technical, personnel and financial support) and organizational support of the control system in the general structure of enterprise management (specialized services at the enterprise, accounting departments, officials, top management bodies) are considered. The key features of control systems of the organization in modern business conditions are characterized. The main problems of formation of effective control systems at domestic enterprises are determined.

Integration features of control systems in multi-complex distributed production

Different options of the structure of automated process control system (APCS) are considered using the example of the coal preparation plant with a single automation platform Omron Sysmac, as well as with heterogeneous devices connected by industrial networks Ethernet/IP at several levels with physical separation. The general APCS structure is proposed. It is suitable for the end-to-end control of objects with variable structure, built from various technological complexes of coal preparation plants.

The importance of features of the state financial control system

The system of financial control of the state is an integral attribute of state power. Improving its efficiency will help strengthen the financial, budgetary and tax order. Creating an effective system of state financial control by solving complex problems and identifying promising areas of development is an urgent task of the country. Any direction of state activity is formed on the basis of tasks that need to be implemented in the future to achieve the goals. In order to ensure full and timely budget execution, the Ministry of Finance is working to improve the quality of budget planning and execution, optimize and improve the efficiency of the budget execution process and treasury servicing accounts of state institutions, public procurement, as well as to prevent financial violations when using state budget funds. The internal state audit Committee of the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Kazakhstan together with the Department that performs functions in the field of internal financial control within the competence of the Central Executive body, monitors the use of budget funds at the national and local levels on the basis of the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan. In addition, the Committee pays special attention to the targeted and effective use of budget funds allocated for the implementation of the address of the First President. Summarize, to ensure efficiency and avoiding inefficientin using funds, the activities of the financial control Committee of MF RK will be aimed at protecting the interests of the budget by further improving the efficiency of internal public financial control and the improvement of its conduct in collaboration with other bodies.

Algorithms for Adaptive Feedforward Noise Attenuation—A Unified Approach and Experimental Evaluation

Adaptive feedforward broadband noise compensation is currently used when a correlated measurement with the disturbance (an image of the disturbance) is available. Most of the active feedforward noise control systems feature an internal “positive” acoustical feedback between the compensation system and the disturbance measurement, which has to be taken into account. Adaptive algorithms for active feedforward noise attenuation have been developed since 1985 from a local optimization point of view. This article presents two classes of adaptive configurations for active feedforward noise compensation developed from a stability point of view. The first class uses a standard infinite impulse response (IIR) [finite impulse response (FIR)] compensator structure, while the second class uses the Youla-Kučera parameterization of the feedforward noise compensator. This allows separating the problem of stabilizing the internal positive feedback loop from the minimization of the residual noise. These adaptive schemes have been developed in the context of active vibration control, but, as will be shown, they can be used also in active noise control. This article presents, in a unified manner, the available algorithms and compensator structures for adaptive feedforward noise attenuation and provides a comparative experimental evaluation on a relevant experimental test bench (a duct silencer).

A Time-Delay-Bounded Data Scheduling Algorithm for Delay Reduction in Distributed Networked Control Systems

As a key feature of networked control systems (NCSs), the time delays induced by communication medium sharing and data exchange over the system components could largely degrade the NCS performances or may even cause system instability, and thus, it is of critical importance to reduce time delays within NCSs. This paper studies the time-delay reduction problem in distributed NCSs and presents a dual-way data scheduling mechanism for time-delay reductions in delay-bounded NCSs with time-varying delays. We assess the time delays and their influences on the NCSs first with various delay factors being considered and then describe a one-way scheduling mechanism for network-delay reductions in NCSs. Based upon such a method, a dual-way scheduling algorithm is finally proposed for distributed NCSs with different types of transmitted data packets. Experiments are conducted on a remote teaching platform to verify the effectiveness of the proposed dual-way scheduling mechanism. Results demonstrate that, with the stability time-delay bound considered within the scheduling process, the proposed mechanism is effective for NCS time-delay reductions while addressing the stability, control accuracy, and settling time issues efficiently. Such a proposed mechanism could also be implemented together with some other existing control algorithms for time-delay reductions in NCSs. Our work could provide both useful theoretical guidance and application references for stable tracking control of delay-bounded NCSs.

A Preliminary Prototype High-Speed Feedback Control of an Artificial Cochlear Sensory Epithelium Mimicking Function of Outer Hair Cells.

A novel feedback control technique for the local oscillation amplitude in an artificial cochlear sensory epithelium that mimics the functions of the outer hair cells in the cochlea is successfully developed and can be implemented with a control time on the order of hundreds of milliseconds. The prototype artificial cochlear sensory epithelium was improved from that developed in our previous study to enable the instantaneous determination of the local resonance position based on the electrical output from a bimorph piezoelectric membrane. The device contains local patterned electrodes deposited with micro electro mechanical system (MEMS) technology that is used to detect the electrical output and oscillate the device by applying local electrical stimuli. The main feature of the present feedback control system is the principle that the resonance position is recognized by simultaneously measuring the local electrical outputs of all of the electrodes and comparing their magnitudes, which drastically reduces the feedback control time. In this way, it takes 0.8 s to control the local oscillation of the device, representing the speed of control with the order of one hundred times relative to that in the previous study using the mechanical automatic stage to scan the oscillation amplitude at each electrode. Furthermore, the intrinsic difficulties in the experiment such as the electrical measurement against the electromagnetic noise, adhesion of materials, and fatigue failure mechanism of the oscillation system are also shown and discussed in detail based on the many scientific aspects. The basic knowledge of the MEMS fabrication and the experimental measurement would provide useful suggestions for future research. The proposed preliminary prototype high-speed feedback control can aid in the future development of fully implantable cochlear implants with a wider dynamic range.

Quaternion-based nonlinear attitude control of quadrotor formations carrying a slung load

Control of a pair of quadrotors carrying a slung load is addressed. A hierarchical control algorithm is implemented on the leader quadrotor. The control system features a linear quadratic tracking controller on its outer loop for velocity command tracking and generates the thrust vector commands for the inner loop. The inner loop uses the to-go quaternion calculated from the thrust vector commands to control the attitude. The second quadrotor, designated as the follower quadrotor, has another hierarchical control structure on it. This control system features a Lyapunov function based nonlinear controller for formation guidance and thrust vector command generation in the outer loop. In the inner loop, the same nonlinear attitude controller is used. The dynamics of the two quadrotor slung load system is modelled and two simulation codes are developed utilizing first rigid, and then flexible load carrying rods. Simulation results are presented to show the efficacy of the control algorithm to keep the two quadrotors flying in a fixed geometrical formation in spite of the unmodelled disturbance dynamics of both the rigid bars, flexible bars and the load.

Design and Power Management of a Secured Wireless Sensor System for Salton Sea Environmental Monitoring

An embedded system composed of commercial off the shelf (COTS) peripherals and microcontroller. The system will collect environmental data for Salton Sea, Imperial Valley, California in order to understand the development of environmental and health hazards. Power analysis of each system features (i.e. Central Processing Unit (CPU) core, Input/Output (I/O) buses, and peripheral (temperature, humidity, and optical dust sensor) are studied. Software-based power optimization utilizes the power information with hardware-assisted power gating to control system features. The control of these features extends system uptime in a field deployed finite energy scenario. The proposed power optimization algorithm can collect more data by increasing system up time when compared to a Low Power Energy Aware Processing (LEAP) approach. Lastly, the 128 bit Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm is applied on the collected data using various parameters. A hidden peripheral requirement that must be considered during design are also noted to impact the efficacy of this method.