Fasting Blood Lipid Profile Research Articles

Prevalence of Risk factors for Coronary heart disease among the workers of an industry of South India

Introduction: Industrial workers are a captive group and can be considered ideal for increasing awareness, adopting preventive strategies and thus to the control of cardiovascular diseases. However, there are limited numbers of studies which are carried out to estimate the coronary heart disease risk burden in factory settings of India. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of coronary heart disease risk factors among the workers of a nylon yarn manufacturing factory in South India. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among all employees aged 20 -59 years employing a clinical examination and biochemical estimation. Body Mass Index, Blood Pressure, Fasting Blood sugar and Lipid profile were measured. Patients known to have coronary heart disease, those aged less than 20 years and those aged more than 59 years were excluded. Results: 320 workers were evaluated. Their mean age was 32 years. Among the study population, 6.25% were obese and 21.8% were current smokers. 14.7% of them were found to be hypertensives and 61.87% were pre-hypertensives. 5.9% of the workers were diabetic and 14.6% had impaired fasting glucose. 55.93% of them had an increased Total cholesterol / High Density Lipoprotein ratio. Conclusion: This study demonstrates a high prevalence of risk factors for coronary heart disease among a comparatively young population in a South Indian industrial setting.

Follow-up Evaluation of Association between Weight Changes, Metabolic, and Hormonal Outcomes in Children - a Single-center PilotStudy.

Fasting blood glucose, insulin level, and lipid profile are the minimal tests according to the Romanian guidelines to evaluate obese children. Cross-sectional studies for pediatric obesity in Romania focused only on epidemiology and management. Our study aimed to evaluate the metabolic and hormonal changes in association with follow-up bodyweight modifications. Medical charts of overweight or obese children presenting at the First Paediatric Hospital, Cluj-Napoca from January 2017 to March 2019 were retrospectively evaluated. Anthropometric measures [e.g., body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference] and blood tests such as inflammatory markers (e.g., white blood cell and neutrophil absolute/relative counts, C-reactive protein), metabolic parameters (e.g., liver enzymes, uric acid, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol), fasting blood insulin, and cortisol levels were evaluated. Twenty-two overweight or obese children (17 girls, median age of 13 years) monitored on median for 7.5 months were in-cluded in the study. Blood glucose level significantly decreased (p=0.010) and fasting insulin levels increased (p=0.051) at follow-up evaluation, independently of BMI-for-age z-score. Fasting insulin levels were associated with waist circumference (Spearman's rank cor-relation coefficient) ρ=0.58, p=0.030). BMI-for-age z-score proved to be associated with the C-reactive protein level at baseline (ρ=0.70, p=0.036, n=9) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol at follow-up (ρ=-0.52, p=0.033, n=17). Present analysis found changes in fasting insulin levels in relation to the abdominal circumference and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and C-reactive protein levels in relation to BMI-for-age z-score in obese children.

The Effect of Synbiotic Shake on Blood Glucose and Lipid Profile in Hyperglycemia Wistar Rats

Several studies found that the probiotic bacterias such as Lactobacillus acidophilus La5 and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 could prevent glycemia and control the blood lipid profiles. Currently, a probiotic product such as yogurt is not preferable by some consumers since the taste is sour. Therefore, this study was conducted to develop milkshakes supplemented by probiotics Lactobacillus acidophilus La5 and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 which are expected to be more acceptable and have a beneficial effect with the addition of prebiotics and soluble fiber glucomannan. This study aims to determine the effect of synbiotic shakes on fasting blood glucose levels and lipid profiles in hyperglycemia Wistar rat models. The study design was a pre-posttest controlled group with 48 male Wistar rats divided into 8 groups, namely the healthy control group (I); hyperglycemia control group (II); group III that received metformin; group IV that received synbiotic shake with La5 + FOS; group V that received synbiotic shake La5 + inulin; group VI that received synbiotic shake Bb12 + FOS; group VII that received synbiotic shake Bb12 + inulin; and group VIII that received synbiotic shake La5 + Bb12 + FOS. The dose of the intervention was 3.6 ml/day with an intervention duration of 28 days. The results showed that the differences in blood glucose levels were not significant (p> 0.05) except for groups IV and VI that experienced a significant increase (p <0.05). The differences in lipid profiles showed insignificant changes in LDL levels except in groups IV and V, a significant increase in HDL levels (p <0.05) in group V and VI, and insignificant change in triglycerides except in group VI. It can be concluded that the administration of synbiotic shakes with a variety of prebiotics Lactobacillus acidophilus La5 and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 for 4 weeks were able to maintain fasting blood glucose levels and lipid profiles in hyperglycemic rats.

A study of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH) in women of Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD) at Tertiary Care Hospital of Gujarat, India

Introduction: Polycystic ovarian disease (PCOS) is one of the most common female endocrine disorders. PCOD produces symptoms in approximately 5% to 10% of women of reproductive age (12–45 years old). It is thought to be one of the leading causes of female subfertility. Objectives: To establish correlation among LH, FSH, fasting blood sugar and lipid profile among the women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), in order to evaluate their diagnostic and prognostic significance. Materials and Methods: This study includes total 500 female participants of age Group between 18-40 year of age. They were divided in to two groups. Group 1(n=300) includes women having PCOD (Cases Group) and Group 2(n=200) is controls Group. Fasting Blood samples were obtained from all participants to measure Blood sugar, Lipid Profile FSH and LH. Results: The Mean level of Fasting Blood sugar, Serum cholesterol, Serum Triglyceride, Serum FSH and Serum LH is found to be higher in Cases group as compared to controls group and difference among them found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: PCOD is a very complicated endocrine disorder. Blood tests to measure hormone levels, an ultrasound to look at your reproductive organs and thorough personal and family histories should be completed before a PCOD diagnosis is confirmed. Assessing hormone levels serves two major purposes. First of all, it helps to rule out any other problems that might be causing the symptoms. Secondly, together with an ultrasound and personal and family histories, it helps gynecologist to diagnose the cases of PCOD. Keywords: FSH, LH, Lipid Profile, PCOD.

Correlation of anthropometric parameters with lipid profile in first year medical students

Introduction: Lifestyle related risk factors are prone to increase the burden of cardiovascular diseases. Thus, the study was carried out in the medical students who are more prone to develop lifestyle diseases because of their busy schedule and less time for extracurricular activities. Objective: To study correlation of anthropometric and biochemical parameters in first year medical students. Materials and Methods: Total 150 students of first year MBBS (Batch 2014-2015) Government Medical College (GMC), Bhavnagar were enrolled in the study. Anthropometric measurements were carried out to measure body weight (BW), body height (BH), Waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference (HC), while Body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Blood samples were collected for estimation of fasting blood glucose (FBS), Lipid profile, Total protein and Albumin. The investigations were performed on fully auto analyzer I-Lab 650, in Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Sir T. Hospital, Bhavanagar. Results: Results concluded that 1) Overweight and obesity among the students were 17.3% and 4% respectively; 2) When the abnormal serum cholesterol (?200 mg%)was compared between male and female students it was statistically significant with p 0.003; 3) In the present study 03 (2.0%) students had FBS >126 mg/dl, high risk of developing Type 2 diabetes mellitus. 4) In the present study WC showed positive correlation with blood pressure, r: -0.28 and p: 0.0005 and negative correlation with HDL-Cholesterol, r: -0.21 and p: 0.008. Whereas, BMI showed positive correlation with triglyceride with r: -0.27and p: 0.0008 and negative correlation with HDL-Cholesterol with r: -0.34 and p< 0.0008 considered highly significant. Conclusion: High prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors like overweight, high blood pressure and high triglyceride were common among the medical students. So, it can be concluded that healthy lifestyles should be adopted from young adulthood since medical students are the future heal

Coexisting hypothyroidism – Does it aggravate PCOS?

Introduction: The goal of the present study was to find out the effect of coexisting hypothyroidism on the biochemical and anthropometric measurements in PCOS patients. Materials and Methods:The study consisted of 90 subjects already diagnosed as PCOS and thirty age matched controls .Biochemical parameters like fasting blood sugar and lipid profile and the anthropometric measurements like BMI and waist circumference were compared between the two groups. The 90 PCOS subjects were further divided in to two depending on their thyroid status as euthyroid and hypothyroid and the biochemical and anthropometric parameters were compared between these two groups. Result:In our study there was no statistically significant difference in the biochemical parameters between the PCOS subjects and the control group but the anthropometric parameters BMI and waist circumference were markedly increased in PCOS subjects as compared to the control group. The fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol and TG (triglyceride) levels were increased in hypothyroid PCOS subjects as compared to the euthyroid PCOS subjects. The waist circumference was also markedly increased in hypothyroid PCOS subjects as compared to the euthyroid group. Conclusion:Fasting blood sugar, Total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly increased in hypothyroid PCOS patients as compared to euthyroid PCOS patients. This may increase the risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular events in PCOS patients suffering form hypothyroidism Keywords: Polycystic ovary syndrome, Subclinical hypothyroidism, Lipid profile, Body mass index, Waist circumference

Risk of type II diabetes mellitus in alcoholics: A hospital based cross-sectional study

Risk of type II diabetes mellitus in alcoholics: A hospital based cross-sectional study - IJCAP- Print ISSN No: - 2394-2118 Online ISSN No:- 2394-2126 Article DOI No:- 10.18231/2394-2126.2018.0004, Indian Journal of Clinical Anatomy and Physiology-Indian J Clin Anat Physiol

Relationship between serum Vitamin D and insulin resistance in pre-diabetic and diabetic states- A comparative study

Introduction: Pre-diabetes is an important risk factor for the development of overt diabetes as well as cardiovascular disease. Pre-diabetes is frequently associated with obesity which in turn is commonly associated with hypovitaminosis-D. Low Vitamin D levels impair synthesis & secretion of insulin and through many other mechanisms is attributed in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Pre-diabetes is a stage where prevention efforts have been shown to be effective in delaying or preventing the onset of diabetes. However, there are not many studies that have examined the association between low serum 25(OH) Vit D levels and prediabetes. The aim of this study was to compare Vit D levels between the normals, pre-diabetics & diabetics and study the relationship between insulin resistance and vitamin-D status among individuals with pre-diabetes and diabetes. Materials and Methods: 50 non diabetic, 50 pre-diabetic and 50 type 2 diabetics were included in the study. Waist hip ratio and Body mass index calculated. Fasting blood sugar, insulin, lipid profile, calcium, alkaline phosphatase and serum 25 hydroxy vitamin D were estimated. Insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR) and beta cell function (HOMA2-β) was calculated using HOMA 2 calculator. Result: Vitamin-D deficiency (

A study on the status of serum High Sensitive C - Reactive Protein and Fasting Blood Sugar in Patients with Hyperlipidemia attending a Super Specialty Teaching Hospital in North Kerala

This study was aimed to analyses the serum Hs-CRP level and fasting Blood Sugar level in patients with Hyperlipidemia in a Super Specialty Teaching Hospital in north Kerala. This was a hospital-based prospective observational study which was conducted to study the status of Hs-CRP and Fasting Blood sugar level on lipid profile status of newly diagnosed Hyperlipidemia patients which was compared with Normal Lipid Profile people. Healthy subjects were recruited as a control group and newly Diagnosed Hyperlipidemia patients were recruited as Test group. Study subjects of both gender in an age group of 30 to 70 were selected for the study. Serum Hs CRP, Fasting Blood sugar and serum lipid profile were estimated after overnight fasting condition. After the biochemical estimation, values were entered in an Excel sheet and level of test and control group was statistically analyzed by using Student's t-test using SPSS software. The values were expressed in Mean ± Standard Deviation (SD) and The status of serum Hs CRP, fasting Blood Sugar and Lipid Profile Parameters were shown a statistically significant difference (p&lt;0.01) between Control and Test groups. The result of the study points out that the elevated level serum Hs-CRP and Fasting Blood Sugar can be used as predictive markers of Hyperlipidemia.

A LIPID PROFILE STUDY AMONGST THE CASES OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS - A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY

Introduction: India leads the world with largest number of diabetic cases and is often referred to as the diabetes capital. Diabetic dyslipidemia in India is one of the main causes for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) mortality of the world. Dyslipidemia are disorders of lipoprotein metabolism, including lipoprotein overproduction or deficiency. It is a preventable risk factor which is mostly observed in diabetes cases and that may precipitate the cardiovascular disorders. Our aim of the study is to determine the impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on lipid profile of diabetic cases reporting at tertiary care hospital. Materials and methods: It was a cross sectional study conducted at Department of Biochemistry, Patna Science College, Patna, Bihar. Total 140 diabetic cases were randomly selected and they were examined for dyslipidemia. Fasting blood glucose concentration and Lipid Profile [Total Cholesterol (TC), High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) and Triglycerides (TG)] were investigated by using commercially available reagent kits in Biochemistry analyzer. Collected data was analyzed by using appropriate software. Results: Out of total 140 diabetic cases examined, the mean age of cases was 48.93 ± 12.1 years. In present study we found the mean Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) was 188.76 ± 54.63 mg/dl. The prevalence rates in our study for high Total Cholesterol (TC) and Triglycerides (TG) were 13.6% and 41.4% respectively. The prevalence rates for high LDL-C, very high LDL-C and low HDL-C in the diabetic subjects were 8.6%, 5.0% and 72.9% respectively. Conclusion: The diabetic cases had elevated serum total cholesterol, elevated triglyceride (triacylglycerol) and slightly elevated low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) and reduced levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) indicating that diabetic cases were more prone to cardiovascular diseases. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Dyslipidemia, Triglyceride, HDL-C, LDL-C, Total Cholesterol.

Relationship Between Sleep Quality, Sleep Disturbance, and Estimated Cardiovascular Risk

Background: Sleep quality and disturbances have been suggested to play an important role in cardiovascular disease risk. Objective(s): The aim of the present study is to investigate the possible relationship between quality of sleep, sleep disturbances, and cardiovascular disease risk in adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Family Medicine Outpatient Clinic at Cairo University, Kasr Alainy Hospital. The participants of this study were 124 adults who were subjected to be interviewed with sleep questionnaires, including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Epworth Sleepiness scale, Berlin Questionnaire, and Restless Legs Syndrome Rating Scale. Their blood pressure and body mass index were measured, along with the fasting blood glucose and lipid profile assessment. Moreover, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk was calculated. The participants were then classified into two groups according to their estimated risk of ASCVD: low- or borderline-risk group and intermediate- or high-risk group. Results: In both groups, the comparison of the results of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) showed a significant difference: total score (about 40% of bad sleepers and 20% of good sleepers had intermediate to high ASCVD risk), subjective sleep quality, sleep efficiency, and the use of sleep medications (p values = 0.015, 0.023, and 0.023, respectively). Moderate positive correlations were observed between the ASCVD risk score and total PSQI score (r = 0.4, p < 0.001), subjective sleep (r = 0.332, p < 0.001), sleep latency (r = 0.3, p = 0.006), sleep duration (r = 0.4, p < 0.001), sleep efficiency (r = 0.4, p = 0.001), sleep disturbance (r = 0.218, p = 0.016), and the use of sleep medications (r = 0.24, p = 0.002). In both groups, a significant difference was observed in the severity of restless legs syndrome (p value = 0.012). Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, the overall sleep quality was linked to a higher estimated risk of developing cardiovascular events. A significant positive moderate correlation was found between sleep quality scores and cardiovascular risk, especially sleep efficiency and duration.

Effects of Exercise on Physical Fitness and Strength According to the Frailty Level of Female Elderly with Hypertension

PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of exercise on physical fitness and strength according to their frailty level of the hypertensive female elderly aged over 65.METHODS: Female elderly subjects (&gt;65 year) with hypertension (n=90) were classified according to their level of frailty (Fr_), and were divided into control group (Ctrl) and exercise group (Ex). Hypertensive female elderly in exercise groups were subjected to 8-week combined exercise of aerobic (stretching and walking) and resistance (elastic band and weight training) exercise twice per week (50 minutes×2 times×8 weeks). Body composition, functional fitness and skeletal muscle strength were evaluated as main variables (Ctrl, n=27; Ex, n=23; Fr_Ctrl, n=17; Fr_Ex, n=23).RESULTS: Body composition, blood pressure, fasting glucose level (include hemoglobin A&lt;sub&gt;1c&lt;/sub&gt;) and blood lipid profile did not interact with the exercise intervention and frailty level. Records of 30-second chair stretch test, two-minute walk test and arm curl increased after exercise intervention regardless of frailty level. The strength of quadriceps femoris increased after exercise intervention regardless of the level of frailty. However, the strength of biceps femoris (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;.001), biceps brachii (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;.05) and triceps brachii (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;.001) was significantly increased in the Fr_Ex compared to pre-intervention of exercise.CONCLUSIONS: The classification according to the level of frailty in hypertensive female elderly can have a significant effect on the degree of muscle strength improvement by exercise intervention. In addition, this study newly discovered that the improvement of 30-s chair stretch test record in the hypertensive elderly women appeared faster than the improvement of the rapid-gait test record independently of the level of frailty.

The supplementation effect of Red Dragon fruit’s skin extract on the fasting blood glucose and lipid profiles in male Wistar rats with diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia

Background: Flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenols, and vitamin-C contained in the Red Dragon fruit’s skin have a positive impact on glycemic control and lipid oxidation. This study aimed to determine the effect of Red Dragon fruit’s skin extract on reducing the fasting blood glucose (FBG) and improving the lipid profile of Wistar rats with diabetes and dyslipidemia.&#x0D; Methods: A randomized pre-test post-test control group experimental study was done on 22 male Wistar rats, aged 2-3 months that suffered from diabetes and dyslipidemia. Subjects were divided into the control group (given 2cc distilled water + 9 mg metformin) and the treatment group (given 160 mg red dragon fruit’s skin extract + 9 mg metformin) for 14 days. FBG and lipid profile measurements were done before and after the treatment. Data were analyzed using the compare mean test.&#x0D; Results: There was no significant mean difference of GDP between groups before (p=0.414) and after treatment (p=0.125), total cholesterol between groups before (p = 0.572) and after treatment (p=0.361), triglycerides between groups before (p=0.073) and after treatment (p=0.111). There was a significant mean difference of HDL between groups before (p=0.003) and after treatment (p=0.047), LDL between groups before (p=0.006) and after treatment (p=0.043). Although there were significant mean differences in HDL and LDL between groups before and after treatment, the pre-post treatment of HDL and LDL mean differences showed no significant mean difference (p=0.328 and p=0.704 consecutively).&#x0D; Conclusion: Red Dragon fruit’s skin extract treatment did not significantly reduce the mean FBG and lipid profile levels.

Associations between adherence to MIND diet and metabolic syndrome and general and abdominal obesity: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundThere is a lack of studies examining the association between Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and obesity. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the association of adherence to the MIND diet with MetS and general and abdominal obesity.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was performed on 836 Iranian adults, 18–75 years old. A 167-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess dietary intakes of participants. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and lipid profile of each participant were recorded. The guidelines of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) was used to define MetS.ResultsMean age of study participants was 47.7 ± 10.7 years. The prevalence of MetS was 36.1% and mean body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) was 27.7 ± 4.69 kg/m2 and 92.0 ± 12.4 cm respectively. Those who were in the third tertile of the MIND diet score compared to the first tertile had 12% lower odds of having the MetS (ORs: 0.88; 95% CI 0.62–1.24) but the association was not significant (P = 0.77). There was a significant inverse association between the MIND diet score and odds of reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (ORs: 0.59; 95% CI 0.41–0.85; P = 0.008) and general obesity (ORs: 1.190.80–1.78; 95% CI 0.80–1.78; P = 0.02) in crude model and after controlling for confounders.ConclusionsWe found that the MIND diet score is inversely associated with odds of reduced HDL and general obesity in Iranian adults.

Abstract 14819: Excess Epicardial Fat Volume is Associated With Increased Cardiovascular Structural and Functional Abnormalities in Menopausal Women Regardless of Body Weight: The Higher the Epicardial Fat Volume, the Higher the Abnormalities

Background: It has been reported that an increase in epicardial fat volume (EFV) has been associated with an increase in cardiovascular structural and functional abnormalities (CVSFA). Purpose: The purpose of this study is to assess whether a step-wise increase in EFV is associated with a proportional increase in CVSFA. Methods: We screened 2,756 asymptomatic subjects, ages 20-79, for CVD risk using the Early Cardiovascular Disease Risk Scoring System (ECVDRS), which consists of 10 tests; 7 are vascular and 3 are cardiac. The vascular tests are: large (C1) and small (C2) artery stiffness, blood pressure (BP) at rest and post-mild protocol exercise (PME), CIMT, abdominal aorta ultrasound, retinal photography, and microalbuminuria. The 3 cardiac tests are: Pro-BNP, ECG, and LV ultrasound. Additional tests are waist circumference, BMI, fasting blood sugar, lipid profile, and CRP. 596 out of the total subjects were asymptomatic, and out of these 220 (37%) underwent cardiac CT for coronary artery calcium scoring (CACS) and EFV determination using Siemens Somatom Definition Dual source CT scanner 64x2. 107 out of the 220 were females (48%). These females were divided into 5 groups based on their EFV: 24 with &lt; 69cm 3 ; 33 between 70cm 3 and 94cm 3 ; 16 between 95cm 3 and 119cm 3 ; 20 between 120cm 3 and 144cm 3 ; and 14 &gt;145cm 3 . Results: As noted in the table, a step-wise increase in EFV was associated with proportional increases in CVSFA, specifically CACS, resting BP, abnormal rise in BP-PME, CRP, and triglycerides. An increase in EFV was noticeably associated with an increase in resting blood BP by a 10mmHg difference between the group whose EFV &lt; 120cm 3 and those whose EFV is &gt; 120cm 3 . Conclusions: Based on our data, we feel that excess EFV appears to be the villain for most CVSFA. Accordingly, we urge all healthcare professionals that it is time to focus on early and accurate assessment of this significant risk marker, which is the culprit for many CVD risk factors. Early detect to protect.

SIDE EFFECTS OF CYCLOSPORINE COMPARED TO TACROLIMUS AMONG YEMENI KIDNEY TRANSPLANT PATIENTS WHO SHARE THE SAME ADJUVANT AGENTS: MYCOPHENOLATE MOFETIL AND PREDNISONE

Background: A renal allograft is the optimum therapeutic option for patients with end stage renal diseases. Nevertheless, rejection still represents a large challenge. So as to overcome this matter, treatment strategies comprise the combined use of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents, although they are not free from complications . Interestingly, the major cause of morbidity and mortality after the first transplanted year are due to disorders unrelated directly to immunologic etiology or disease related to immunosuppressive drugs.&#x0D; Objectives: The purpose of this study is to determine the side effects in renal transplant Yemeni patients adherence to cyclosporine compared to tacrolimus sharing the same adjuvant agents which are mycophenolate mofetil "MMF" and prednisone.&#x0D; Subject and methods: This prospective study was carried on 100 kidney transplanted Yemeni patients divided into two groups: cyclosporine group (n=50) and tacrolimus group (n=50), each member of these groups was visited three times, blood samples were collected for biochemical functions including fasting blood sugar, liver enzymes, kidney functions, lipid profiles and white blood cells counts and results were obtained from the tests performed. Body weight and blood pressure had been examined; clinical complications were also recorded.&#x0D; Results: This study showed that serum total and direct bilirubine, gamma glutamyl transferase "GGT" and lipid profiles were elevated in cyclosporine group, whereas in tacrolimus group they were within normal range. The incidence of complicated events reported as follows: Hairtusim, gum hyperplasia, herpeszoster, CUSHING face and obesity were obviously present in cyclosporine group, while in tacrolimus group diabetes mellitus, hair loss and gastrointestinal tract infections were in existence.&#x0D; Conclusion: This study found that a tacrolimus-based treatment was significantly better than an immunosuppressive regimen based on cyclosporine due to the generally less side effects associated with tacrolimus, despite its effect on increasing diabetes among kidney transplant patients.&#x0D; Peer Review History: &#x0D; Received: 18 September 2020; Revised: 5 October; Accepted: 16 October, Available online: 15 November 2020&#x0D; UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency.&#x0D; Received file &#x0D; &#x0D; Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10&#x0D; Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.0/10&#x0D; Reviewer(s) detail:&#x0D; Dr. A.A. Mgbahurike, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, amaka_mgbahurike@yahoo.com&#x0D; Dr. Mohamed Awad AbdAlaziz Mousnad, International University of Africa (IUA) and Sudan, m_abdalaziz@yahoo.com&#x0D; Maged Almezgagi, The Key Laboratory of high-altitude medical application of Qinghai Province, Qinghai Xining 810001, China. 1902244017@qq.com&#x0D; Ali Awad Allah Ali Moh. Saeed, National University, Sudan, alimhsd@gmail.com&#x0D; Comments of reviewer(s): &#x0D; &#x0D; Similar Articles:&#x0D; LEVEL OF LEAD IN THE BLOOD AMONG FUEL STATION EMPLOYEES AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO IMPAIRED LIVER AND KIDNEY FUNCTIONS IN DAMASCUS; SYRIA: OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO LEAD&#x0D; BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION OF DIALYSIS WATER AND DIALYSATE AT MUKALLA ARTIFICIAL KIDNEY CENTER IN MUKALLA CITY - HADHRAMAUT - YEMEN: RATE OF CONTAMINATION AND SENSITIVITY OF BACTERIAL ISOLATES TO ANTIBIOTICS

Psychosocial Distress and Blood Pressure among Young Adults: Role of Cortisol as Mediator

Introduction: Hypertension is the most prevalent risk factor of cardiovascular diseases in Malaysia. 17.3% of hypertension cases in Malaysia is attributed to adults aged 18 to 39 years. Psychosocial distress is a possible risk factor for elevated blood pressure in young adults, and cortisol could be the mediating factor. The aim of this study is to evaluate the mediating role of cortisol in hypertension and psychosocial distress in young adults. Methods and materials: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in 240 young adults aged 18 to 45 years. The body mass index, waist circumference and blood pressure parameters were recorded. Serum cortisol, creatinine, fasting blood glucose and lipid profile were measured following acute mental stress test. Psychosocial distress was assessed using the DASS-21 questionnaire. Results: Mean (standard deviation) values for SBP, DBP, MAP were 126.0(16.3), 84.1(12.2) and 98.1(13.1) mmHg respectively. Anxiety was significantly associated with systolic blood pressure (β=0.644), diastolic blood pressure (β=0.454) and mean arterial pressure (β=0.516) after adjusting for sex, age and cortisol. However, it was not mediated by cortisol. Depression and stress were not found to have any effect on blood pressure of the young adults studied. Conclusion: The data suggest that there is no elevated risk for psychosocial distress and hypertension that cortisol poses in young adults.

Effect of Artemisia absinthium ethanolic extract on oxidative stress markers and the TLR4, S100A4, Bax and Bcl-2 genes expression in the kidney of STZ-induced diabetic rats.

The present study was conducted to examine antidiabetic effects of Artemisia absinthium ethanolic extract [A.absinthium] and to investigate its effects on oxidative stress markers and the expression of TLR4, S100A4, Bax and Bcl-2 genes in the kidney of STZ-induced diabetic rats. Thirty six rats (weight 200-250g) were randomly divided into diabetes and control groups. Induction of diabetes was performed using STZ (55mg/kg.bw). Biochemical parameters and oxidative stress markers (SOD and MDA) were measured using spectrophotometry after 60days of treatment. The expression of TLR4, S100A4, Bax and Bcl-2 were analyzed by real-time PCR. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni post hoc test were used to compare the data. Diabetes significantly impairs the serum fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipid profile, urea, creatinine and albumin. At the end of treatment with A.absinthium extract, these parameters were close to the normal range. The results showed that the A.absinthium extract significantly decreased the kidney expression of TLR4, S100A4, Bax and increased the expression of Bcl-2 and improved oxidative stress markers (SOD and MDA) in the kidney tissues of treated rats. Also, all of these beneficial effects of the A.absinthium were dose-dependent. The extract of A.absinthium possesses antidiabetic effects. A.absinthium decreased the expression of TLR4, S100A4, Bax and increased the expression of Bcl-2 and improved oxidative stress. Therefore, this herbal extract can be used as an adjuvant treatment for diabetic complications.

The role of the plasma glycosylated hemoglobin A1c/Apolipoprotein A-l ratio in predicting cardiovascular outcomes in acute coronary syndrome

Background and aimsGlucose and lipid metabolism are major prognostic indicators of coronary heart disease. The ratio of plasma glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) to apolipoprotein A-l (ApoA-l) is an indirect measure of insulin resistance. The study aimed to evaluate whether the HbA1c/ApoA-1 ratio can predict the prognosis in patients with the acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods and resultsA total of 476 ACS patients diagnosed by coronary angiography were enrolled in this longitudinal, observational, retrospective study. Plasma HbA1c, fasting blood glucose and lipid profile were measured. Patients were stratified according to the tertiles of HbA1c/ApoA-l levels. Cox proportional hazard model was used to examine the predictive value of HbA1c/ApoA-l for study endpoints. The association between the Log HbA1c/ApoA-l ratio and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) was estimated using multiple logistic regression. Baseline characteristics showed a mean age of 66 ± 8 years, and 52.5% were hypertensive, 26.8% diabetic, and 54.5% current or prior smokers. During a mean follow-up period of 22.3 ± 1.7 months, 59 deaths occurred. After adjusting for age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and coronary artery disease severity, patients in the highest HbA1c/ApoA-l ratio tertile had a 4.36-fold increased risk of mortality compared with those in the lowest tertile. The multivariate logistic regression showed that the Log HbA1c/ApoA-l ratio was associated with MACEs (Odds ratio 2.95, p = 0.013). ConclusionAfter adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors and ACS severity scores, the HbA1c/ApoA-1 ratio remained an independent predictor of all-cause mortality and MACEs in the ACS patients undergoing angiography.

Genistein ameliorates inflammation and insulin resistance through mediation of gut microbiota composition in type 2 diabetic mice.

Genistein (GEN) has been reported to have diverse biological activities, including antioxidant, hypolipidemic, and antidiabetic effects. This study investigated whether the ameliorative effects of GEN on inflammation and insulin resistance were associated with the modulation of gut microbiota composition in type 2 diabetic (T2D) mice. C57BL/6J mice were treated with a high-fat diet/streptozotocin to induce T2D and then gavaged with GEN (20 and 40mg/kg) for 8weeks. Then, oral glucose tolerance, fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, glucagon, lipid profiles, and pro-inflammatory factors were measured. After this, hepatic function and histopathological analysis and inflammation-related indices of the liver and colon were determined, along with short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) and gut microbiota composition. GEN treatment decreased hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and serum pro-inflammatory factor levels and attenuated hepatic dysfunction, pathological changes, inflammation-related protein expression, and hepatocyte apoptosis. It also ameliorated colonic pathological changes, tight junction-associated protein expression, and pro-inflammatory factor increases. Furthermore, high-dose GEN treatment increased the concentrations of SCFAs and down-regulated the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and the abundance of Proteobacteria at the phylum level. However, GEN increased the abundances of Bacteroides and Prevotella and decreased the levels of Helicobacter and Ruminococcus at the genus level in T2D mice. GEN showed ameliorative effects on glucose and lipid dysmetabolism and hepatic and colonic dysfunction; most importantly, GEN could ameliorate inflammation and insulin resistance through modulation of gut microbiota composition.