Farmers In Farming Research Articles

Farmers’ Responses of Introducing Technology and its Production Sustainability

Cocoa is the cash crop for smallholder farmers in Southeast Sulawesi. In the past two decades cocoa is the leading commodity as the valuable crop in the dry land. Nowadays, farmers are facing the problem with low productivity due to aging crop, pest and disease attack. In order to increase household income and improving the productivity, research and development are needed with providing assistance and advancing to smallholder farmers. The activities aims to: a) Improve the knowledge and skills of farmers in cocoa farming in Kolaka Regency, b) Accelerate the adoption of cocoa technology innovations to users. This study was carried out in May till December 2017, in Lalombaa village, Kolaka District, Kolaka Regency. The focus of activities in the first year is mentoring and learning for cocoa cultivation farmers. Survey with a structured questionnaire guide were conducted and description methode was analyzed and presented in tabular form and interpreted descriptively. The results of the study showed that, from an economic point of view, that farmers who applied the recommended technology were able to get an income of IDR 22,680,000, - / ha per year with R/C 2.04, means that the farming is profitable. Meanwhile, the existing farmers only get IDR 10,615,000, - / ha.

Benefits of Organic farming for Farmers and Environment

Benefits of Organic farming for Farmers and Environment

Desain Infografik Naratif Vermikompos Untuk Mendukung Pertanian Organik Petani Torongrejo Kota Batu

The campaign of organic agricultural literacy in Indonesia is a strategic issue today. Awareness to pursue organic farming in Indonesia has not been followed by adequate organic farming literacy campaigns. This dedication examines the preparation of vermicompost narrative infographic designs for organic farming for Torongrejo farmers. A total of 34 farmers were respondents to find out how the right vermicompost narrative infographic design to support organic farming was structured. Respondents were accompanied directly to apply vermicompost, then respondents were asked to answer 17 questions in a questionnaire related to how vermicompost narrative infographics are made so that farmers get maximum information about vermicompost that supports organic farming. The results of the initial questionnaire showed that narrative infographics were needed by Torongrejo farmers to support organic farming, using vermicompost with a percentage of 94.12%. The readability of the vermicompost narrative infographic of Torongrejo farmers is 93.38%. The design of the vermicompost narrative infographic facilitates and guides Torongrejo village farmers to implement land fertilization independently and sustainably, because they stay connected to the contact person and access tutorials on using vermicompost on the youtube link available in the infographic

TINGKAT MOTIVASI PETANI DALAM USAHATANI NILAM DI DESA KECAMATAN ANGATA KABUPATEN KONAWE SELATAN

The goal of this study was to determine the level of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation of patchouli farmers. This research is located in Puulipu Village, Angata District, South Konawe Regency because the majority of the population works as patchouli farmers and is one of the largest patchouli oil suppliers in Angata District. This research was carried out from October 2022 to January 2023. The data obtained was analyzed quantitatively using the class interval formula. The results of the study found that the level of intrinsic motivation of farmers which includes the expectation of a pleasant job, social needs, and economic needs in running patchouli farming is classified in the high category. This happens because most of the needs and expectations of farmers in patchouli farming have been fulfilled. The level of extrinsic motivation of farmers which includes the availability of facilities and infrastructure, market opportunities, and innovation in patchouli farming is also relatively high. So that farmers are encouraged to increase their patchouli farming.

PREFERENCES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF AGRICULTURAL TAX IN THE URALS IN THE EARLY 1930S

The research is devoted to an important topic for historical, economic, and legal science, the implementation of the agrarian policy of the Soviet state in the countryside with the help of an agricultural tax in the initial period of mass collectivization. In scientific works on this problem, it can be noted that there is insufficient study of certain aspects of taxation, especially at the regional level. Therefore, the study of the main provisions of the legislation on agricultural tax and its application in the largest Ural region at that time will make it possible to fill in the existing gaps in science, to determine the place and role of taxation in collectivization. The purpose of the article is to reveal the peculiarities of agricultural taxation in the Urals in the early 1930s, to identify benefits for individual agricultural producers. The object of the study was individual peasant farms, personal subsidiary farms of collective farmers and collective farms, and the subject was the actual application of agricultural tax. The article uses both general scientific methods and historical-genetic, comparative and other methods of historical research. Taxation indicators in the Urals were compared with data for the country in order to identify the peculiarities of the region. The analysis of documentary materials showed how the authorities prioritized the taxation of the village, what a negative impact this tax had on the situation of individual farms, primarily the well-to-do. Dispossession, the decline in the production of agricultural products, the ruin of peasant farmsteads, the forced entry of peasants into collective farms that had preferences in taxation, were the result of socialist transformations in agriculture.

Organic Farming: A Good Prospective for Sustainability

Purpose: The high successes of growing organic farming in some countries are due to high awareness of the health problems caused by the consumption of contaminated food products. This paper is an attempt to ensure the constraints of farmers in organic farming in order to prompt the organic farming. Design/methodology: The constructs of organic attitude and organic behaviour were measured using standardized scales with modification that represent variables of agriculture related to farmers. Finding: Manure and bio fertilizer and other inputs must be made available through societies and other distribution centers at local level and should ensure the supply of quality inputs to farmers to enhance productivity level. Originality: The study was an attempt to highlight the potential changes in the conventional agriculture to organic agriculture to achieving sustainability. It will enrich the literature related to organic farming.

Kontribusi usahatani sayuran katuk (Sauropus androgynus(l).merr ) terhadap pendapatan petani di Desa Lubuk Rengas Kabupaten Banyuasin

This study aims to determine the amount of costs incurred and income received by farmers in farming and how much the contribution of farming to household income of farmers in Lubuk Rengas Village, Rantau Bayur District, Banyuasin Regency. The research location was determined purposively (purposive) with the consideration that this location is one of the areas that carry out katuk vegetable farming activities using the intercropping method on chili plants. The sampling method was carried out by simple random sampling (simple random method) of 20 farmers from a total population of 30 farmers. Based on the results of data processing, the amount of production costs incurred by farmers in producing katuk vegetables is Rp. 11,983,450/Ha/year with revenues of Rp. 36,900,000/Ha/year and the income generated is Rp. 24,916,550/Ha/year. So it can be concluded that katuk vegetable farming does not make such a large contribution, it only contributes to the total farmer household income of 23.96%.

Automation of Irrigation System

Abstract: Agriculture is very important in India and India attaches great importance to it. Efficient irrigation methods can reduce water consumption and increase yields. Farmers today use manual irrigation methods that include regular watering. This process is inefficient as it results in overwatering or underwatering. Overwatering leads to wasted water, increased energy consumption, leaching of nitrogen and other micronutrients, and wasted time. The main goal is to change irrigation structures and help farmers in farming

Pengaruh Sifat Inovasi Teknologi terhadap Tingkat Penerapan, Produktivitas dan Pendapatan Usahatani Padi di Desa Cililin

This study aims to determine the influence of the innovative nature of Integrated Crop Management (PTT) technology and its effect on the productivity and income of Rice farming businesses. This research used a survey method for farmers who applied PTT in Cililin Village, Cililin District, West Baandung Regency. The example assignment technique used was simple random and obtained by 40 respondent farmers. The form of research is verifiable and hypotheses are analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis and chi square test. The results of the study obtained an overview of the application of PTT technology as a whole with an achievement rate of 82.07% with very good criteria, the productivity of rice farming for farmers who apply PTT technology empirically reaches an average of 6,412 kg / ha, and empirically the level of achievement of rice farming income averages Rp. 11,987,886 /ha.

Peran Tenaga Kerja Perempuan Dalam Kegiatan Usahatani Jagung Di Desa Mopolo Kecamatan Ranoyapo Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan

The aim of this study is to know the role of women farmers in corn farming in Mopolo Village, Ranoyapo District, South Minahasa Regency. The study was conducted for 3 months from April 2022 to May 2022. Sampling used purposive sampling. This study uses primary data and secondary data. Primary data were obtained through direct interviews with female farmers who work in corn farming and are married. Interviews using a list of questions that have been prepared in the form of a questionnaire. Secondary data was obtained from the Mopolo Village office and other related references. The results of this study showed that the role of female workers that seen from women's working time in corn farming activities in Mopolo Village namely 106 hours for tillage activities, 44 hours for planting activities, 15 hours for weeding activities, 4 hours for pest and disease control, 32 hours for fertilizing activities and 89 hours for harvesting activies. The results of this study also indicate that female workers have less role in decision-making about planting activities, weeding activities, pest and disease control, fertilization activities, however those activities are dominated by men.

Analisis Risiko Usaha Tani Jagung Di Desa Lompad Baru Kecamatan Ranoyapo Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan

This study aims to determine the income of corn farming farmers, the risks faced by corn farming farmers, and how much risk is faced by farmers. The research was conducted in Lompad Baru Village, Ranoyapo District, South Minahasa Regency. This research was conducted from April to August 2022. The selection of respondents was intentional. Primary data is data obtained directly from the field through interviews using a questionnaire to each corn farming farmer. Secondary data, namely data obtained through related agencies such as the field agricultural extension office in Ranoyapo District and the Lompad Baru Village office. The results showed that the total income earned by all corn farming farmers was IDR14,200,000 with an average income earned by corn farming farmers amounting to IDR1,420,000. The risks of corn farming in the study area are production risks originating from disturbances of plant-disturbing organisms (pests, diseases and weeds), erratic weather/climate (long dry spells) and minimal availability of subsidized seeds; price/market risk stems from high corn fertilizer prices and high pesticide prices; institutional risk; human risk; financial risk. The level of income risk faced by corn farming farmers is low with a coefficient of variation (KV) of 0.56.

MINAT PETANI DALAM BERUSAHATANI NILAM DI KELURAHAN TIWORO KECAMATAN TIWORO KEPULAUAN KABUPATEN MUNA BARAT

This study aims to: (1) determine the characteristics of farmers in Tiworo Village, Tiworo Islands District, West Muna Regency, (2) determine the interests of farmers in Tiworo Village, Tiworo Islands District, West Muna Regency. The population in this study totaled 20 patchouli farmers who were all taken as respondents (Census). The analysis used in this study is a quantitative analysis using a class interval scale and Spearman's Rank correlation. The results of this study indicate that; (1) Characteristics of farmers in patchouli farming in Tiworo Village, Tiworo Islands District, West Muna Regency, farmers are of productive age, with an average education level of high school and junior high school and the lowest is Elementary School and does not finish school. However, most of the farmers are quite experienced in running their business by having a moderate land area of 0.5-2.0 and the number of family dependents with a moderate family category of 3-4 people. (2) the interest of farmers in trying to cultivate patchouli in Tiworo Village, Tiworo Islands District, West Muna Regency is classified as high.

Determinants of Participation Decision of Smallholder Farmers on Cluster Farming: The Case of Teff in West Shewa Zone of Oromia Region, Ethiopia

This research was conducted in Liban Jawi district West Shewa zone of the Oromia region to evaluate the determinants that affect the participation decisions of smallholder farmers in teff cluster farming. A multistage sample procedure was used to collect the data. Liban Jawi District was purposely selected from the West Shewa zone due to the potential teff production and implementation of teff cluster farming. Next, based on the proportion of peasant association that undertakes cluster farming, four PAs were selected. Then using stratified random sampling PAs were stratified into two strata: cluster farming and non-cluster farming participants. Finally, 133 respondents were selected using systematic random sampling methods. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze relationships between a dichotomous dependent variable and explanatory variables. The results of this study indicated that among the selected variables used in the model, nine of them were found to have significant effects including the age of household head, gender, experience, land holding size, income, walking time to farmland, credit accessibility, participation in the demonstration, and access to training were statistically significant on participation decision of smallholder farmers decisions in teff cluster farming. Therefore, the Federal and or the regional government ought to enhance farmer associations to have the potential to significantly influence the participation decision-making process. In addition, to support farmers in adopting new varieties and increase their productivity, the government should give training, and increase extension linkages to enhance the participation decisions of farmers in cluster farming.

Farmers’ Motivation to Cultivate Cacao (Theobroma cacao) in Wonoanti Village, Pacitan

This study aims to determine the motivation of farmers in cacao farming and the factors related to their motivation in Wonoanti Village, Tulakan Subdistrict, Pacitan Regency. The research was conducted in Bulih Hamlet, Wonoanti Village, Tulakan Subdistrict, Pacitan Regency (purposive sampling), which is an area with good cacao development in Pacitan Regency. The respondents were farmers who were members of the Gemah Ripah 04 farmer group, selected through a census technique, totaling 35 farmers. The analysis used in this study was descriptive analysis, scoring technique, and Rank Spearman correlation analysis. The results showed that (1) farmers’ motivation in cacao farming based on the existence needs is in the moderate category with a score of 17.54, based on relatedness needs is in the high category with a score of 17.37, and based on growth needs is in the high category with a score of 16.97. Hence, it is known that the motivation of farmers in cacao farming in Wonoanti Village, Tulakan Subdistrict, Pacitan Regency is in the high category. (2) The factors related to farmers’ motivation in cacao farming are the number of family dependents, land area, government’s role, and marketing.

Climate Resilient Farming and Food Security of Farmers: A Study of Different Flood Hazard Zones of Assam

Climate Resilient Farming and Food Security of Farmers: A Study of Different Flood Hazard Zones of Assam

Analysis of strengths and weaknesses of land reform farms of diverse farmers and uses in the Waterberg District, South Africa

In this study, we aimed to analyse the strengths and weaknesses of land reform (LR) farms (‘farm issues’) because the lack of understanding of these issues could partly be the cause of limited livelihood gains from these farms. Furthermore, the examination of these issues provided specific recommendations to each group of farms, which could improve LR farmers' livelihood gains. We investigated 50 LR farms in the Waterberg District Municipality (WDM), Limpopo Province, in South Africa. A survey was conducted, literature about the consequences of climate change and prospects for financial support from the state was reviewed, and a stakeholder workshop was organised. We used Fisher-Freeman-Halton exact test to analyse survey data and conducted strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis to explore strategic issues. Farms were classified into 3 groups based on their SWOT issues: A-better-off farms dominated by extensive land uses (n = 22), B- better-off farms dominated by intensive land uses (n = 24), and C- poor farms dominated by either extensive or intensive uses (n = 4). Farmers' social class, conditions of farm physical capital endowment, and the characteristics of the land use activities determined the strengths and weaknesses of LR farms. Strengths of group A farms were good physical capital and less external financial support requirements, and weaknesses were that partnerships were unlikely and family labour was costly. The distinct strength of group B farms was that partnerships were likely, and their high need for external financial support was a distinct weakness. Group C farms had distinct strengths in that family labour was cheap, and insufficient physical capital was their weakness. Acknowledging the diversity in strengths and weaknesses of farms is essential for land reform to play a critical role in rural development. We envisage that financial support from the state, will yield improved production in poor farms. Private investors will yield high production in the better-off farms only if farmers adopt climate-smart agricultural practices.

How to design an incentive mechanism of enterprises to farmers in contract farming considering reciprocity preference

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>In the process of contract fulfillment, more informed farmers may not work hard, which has seriously affected the sustainability of contract farming. An enterprise with reciprocity preference tends to make a contract that both improves farmers' welfare and brings enough profit to sustain its own operations, while a farmer with reciprocity will work hard in return for the enterprise's reward. In this paper, we develop a non-profit index principal-agent model between enterprises and farmers, assuming both have reciprocity preference, to investigate how to design an incentive mechanism in contract farming. We solve principal-agent problem with the assumption that farmers' expected certainty income premium (ECIP) is constant or farmers' ECIP is a function of enterprise payment difference (EPD). The results show that enterprises with reciprocity preference could establish an incentive mechanism according to following approaches: (a) When the enterprise is unable to afford extra rewards to farmers, each incentive coefficient should be determined according to the influence of the task on the order income. (b) When the enterprise can stimulate the farmers' planting enthusiasm by paying more extra rewards, he should pay promptly attention to the farmers who increase the effort degree firstly and give rewards to them.</p>

DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF UNMANNED GROUND VEHICLE FOR AUTOMATED ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING OF LOW-HEIGHT TUNNEL FARMS

Agricultural machinery is an essential tool for improving agricultural production per unit area. It helps farmers to grow more crops in less time and with greater efficiency to meet food security for exponentially growing population. Tunnel farming is an agriculture technique in which the crop is grown in a long row, covered with plastic sheets to maintain favorable environment for crop growth while minimizing environmental and biological hazards. Tunnel farms are divided into low height tunnel, high tunnel, and walk-in tunnel. It is important to monitor tunnels for temperature and relative humidity because these two factors promote disease and pest attack. In low height tunnels, it becomes difficult to physically monitor temperature variations, humidity variation and pest or disease attack. Therefore, it is required to develop suitable solution to this problem which can be provided in the form of small, unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) equipped with necessary sensing devices. In this study, a small UGV having camera, temperature and humidity sensors was developed and evaluated at four different sites. These sites included lemon orchard, research farms, main boulevard and field farm. The temperature and humidity reading were recorded at 8:00, 11:00, 14:00 and 16:00 a day on 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 ft. length from field boundary. In lemon orchard temperature is minimum (240C) and humidity is maximum (69%) at 8:00 AM. In the evening at 2:00 PM temperature was maximum (390C) and humidity was minimum (45%). In research farm temperature was minimum (280C) and humidity was maximum (65%) at 8:00AM. In the evening at 2:00PM temperature was maximum (430C) and humidity was minimum (40%). In Kfueit boulevard temperature was minimum (250C) and humidity was maximum (69%) at 8:00AM. In the evening at 2:00PM temperature was maximum (400C) and humidity was minimum (46%). In Progressive farmer farm temperature was minimum (300C) and humidity was maximum (69%) at 8:00AM. In the evening at 2:00PM temperature was maximum (430C) and humidity was minimum (46%).

Aspek Sosial, Ekonomi, dan Lingkungan Ekowisata Subak Sembung, Kelurahan Peguyangan, Kecamatan Denpasar Utara, Kota Denpasar, Provinsi Bali

Social, Economic, and Environmental Aspects in Subak Sembung as Ecotourism, Peguyangan Village, North Denpasar District, Bali
 Bali is part of the Indonesian territory that relies on the agricultural sector to meet the needs of the community as well as to support its tourism activities. Subak Sembung has been conserved and inaugurated as an ecotourism site in 2014 by the Denpasar City Government. Currently, Subak Sembung has 103 hectares of land and it has the largest green land in the city center, then known as the lungs of Denpasar City. This research is conducted with the aim of analyzing the social, economic, and environmental aspects in Subak Sembung as ecotourism in Peguyangan Village, North Denpasar District, Bali. The sample size is 35 people and generated by using simple random sampling. The data analysis method used is the descriptive qualitative analysis. The results shows that Subak Sembung as ecotourism in terms of social aspects measured from three indicators, namely the high level of knowledge of farmers about ecotourism, positive responses of farmers to ecotourism, and high skills of farmers in farming. The economic aspect measured in terms of economic benefits is relatively high, and the environmental aspect can be said to be good in terms of natural resource conservation is fairly high and facilities in the form of counseling and coaching are carried out quite often.

Determination of Socio-Economic Characteristics, Farming Structures and Problems of Women Farmers Selling Milk and Dairy Products in Periodic Markets: A Case of Isparta Province

Çabuk bozulan niteliğe sahip bir ürün grubu olan süt ve süt ürünlerinde pazarlama oldukça önemlidir. Süt üretiminde küçük aile işletmeciliğinin yaygın olduğu ülkemizde kadın çiftçilerin gıda güvencesi ve güvenliğinin sağlanmasında önemli bir role sahip oldukları bilinmektedir. Semt pazarlarında süt ve işledikleri sütten elde ettikleri süt ürünleri pazarlamasında kadın çiftçiler önemli bir rol üstlenmekte ve aile ekonomisine önemli katkılar sağlamaktadırlar. Bu çalışmada, Isparta ilinde şehir merkezinde kurulan semt pazarlarında süt ve süt ürünleri pazarlayan kadın çiftçilerin sosyo-ekonomik özellikleri, yetiştiricilik yapıları ile yetiştiricilik ve pazarlama sorunlarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla; Isparta şehir merkezinde kurulan semt pazarlarında açık süt ve süt ürünleri pazarlayan 74 kadın çiftçi ile yapılan anket çalışmasından elde edilen veriler analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın bulgularına göre, ortalama büyükbaş hayvan sayısı 7.36 baş, ortalama sağılan inek sayısı 6.81 baş, süt ürünleri üretmek için çalışılan ortalama saat 2.59 saat/gün ve üretilen ortalama süt miktarı 56.42 kg/işletme olarak saptanmıştır. İşletmelerin %87.80’ninde makine ile sağım yapıldığı, %59.46’sının kapalı ahır tipine sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Üreticilerin %93.20’sinin pazarda çiğ süt sattığı belirlenmiştir. Üreticilerin %50’sinin kazandıkları parayı hayvan yemi alımında kullandıkları tespit edilmiştir. Üreticilerin pazarda karşılaştığı en önemli sorunun yer bulma sorunu olduğu (%18.90) saptanmıştır. Güvenli gıda üretimi sadece üretim aşamasında değil ürünün pazarlama sürecini de kapsamaktadır. Bu nedenle Isparta ilinde geleneksel olarak semt pazarlarında satışı yapılan süt ve süt ürünlerinin gıda güvenliği açısından yeniden gözden geçirilmesi ve kadın çiftçilerin pazarlama koşullarının iyileştirilmesi önemlidir.