Family Environment Research Articles

Stigma in tuberculosis patients: a cross-sectional study in the southeast region of Turkey.

Since tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease, it affects patients not only physically but also socially and patients are reported to experience stigma. This study was conducted to determine the stigma levels of patients in a tuberculosis dispensary in the southeastern region of Turkey. The study was conducted between December 2020 and June 2021 with 79 patients who agreed to participate. 'Questionnaire' and 'Tuberculosis-Related Stigma Scale' (TSS) were used for data collection. The score obtained from the scale ranges between '33 and 132' and the higher the score, the higher the 'stigma level'. It was determined that 54.4% of the patients were male, 45.6% were primary school and the mean age was 44.98 ± 16.09 years. It was found that 60.8% of the patients had pulmonary TB, 40.5% had been on treatment for 3-6 months, 45.6% described the society's view of TB patients as 'bad, negative, and excluding', 64.8% had adverse effects on their communication with their family and close environment after being diagnosed with TB. The mean TSS score of the patients was 103.51 ± 10.65. TB patients were found to have 'very high' levels of stigma. The mean total stigma is higher in smokers, particularly in cases of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis, as well as in those whose professional lives are affected.

Gene-environment interactions in the influence of maternal education on adolescent neurodevelopment using ABCD study.

Maternal education was strongly correlated with adolescent brain morphology, cognitive performances, and mental health. However, the molecular basis for the effects of maternal education on the structural neurodevelopment remains unknown. Here, we conducted gene-environment-wide interaction study using the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development cohort. Seven genomic loci with significant gene-environment interactions (G×E) on regional gray matter volumes were identified, with enriched biological functions related to metabolic process, inflammatory process, and synaptic plasticity. Additionally, genetic overlapping results with behavioral and disease-related phenotypes indicated shared biological mechanism between maternal education modified neurodevelopment and related behavioral traits. Finally, by decomposing the multidimensional components of maternal education, we found that socioeconomic status, rather than family environment, played a more important role in modifying the genetic effects on neurodevelopment. In summary, our study provided analytical evidence for G×E effects regarding adolescent neurodevelopment and explored potential biological mechanisms as well as social mechanisms through which maternal education could modify the genetic effects on regional brain development.

The Influence of Self-Efficacy and Family Environment on Student Interest Learning in SMK PGRI 2 Kediri

The purpose of this study is to see how self-efficacy and family environment at SMK PGRI 2 Kediri affect student learning motivation. With a population of students of SMK PGRI 2 Kediri, especially accounting majors, this study used quantitative methodology. A total of 75 people were selected as samples using saturated sampling technique. The findings of the analysis show that the Sig. value of the self-efficacy variable, family environment, and interest in learning are all less than 0.05: the value of the self-efficacy variable is 0.001, the value of the family environment variable is 0.007, and the value of the interest in learning variable is 0.000. Analysis of research data using the F test (simultaneous test) obtained the results of Fcount = 36.432 with a significance value of 0.000 so that the learning interest variable (Y) is simultaneously influenced by the self-efficacy variable (X1) and the family environment (X2). Keywords: Self Efficacy, Family Environment, Learning Interest

Do scientific attitude and intelligence affect motivation towards STEM? Structural equation modelling

IntroductionThe aim of this study is to reveal the effect of scientific attitude and intelligence on STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) motivation using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). It is possible to say that there is a reciprocal relationship between attitudes towards science, intelligence and motivation towards STEM. Motivation is closely and positively related to STEM, scientific attitude, intelligence and organizational development. When female students are supported and motivated positively, it is possible for them to be successful in STEM. It is possible to say that female students are the female leadership candidates of the future. Female leader candidates can play a role in future organizational development. Female leader candidates who are supported and motivated by their environment can take their place in organizational development. There is a gap in the research literature on this subject in Türkiye. This study fills an important gap in terms of sampling, research method and data analysis.MethodIn the study, personal information form, Attitude Towards Scientific Research Scale, Multiple Intelligences Self-Perception Scale and STEM Value-Expectation Rating Scale were applied to 159 female undergraduate students who are disadvantaged in STEM field and studying at Ege University Ödemiş Faculty of Health Sciences.ResultsIt is possible to say that most female students have positive attitudes towards scientific research. According to the research results, as the reluctance to help researchers and negative attitudes towards research increase, motivation towards STEM decreases. As positive attitudes towards research and researchers increase, motivation towards STEM increases. In addition, increases in verbal–linguistic intelligence, logical-mathematical intelligence, spatial intelligence, interpersonal intelligence, intrapersonal intelligence and natural intelligence lead to an increase in positive attitudes towards research and thus STEM motivation.ConclusionWhen the value expectations of future female leadership candidates for the STEM field were evaluated, it was found that 81.13% of the students had a medium level of value expectation evaluation level for the STEM field. This situation suggests that female students are not positively motivated for STEM in the family, school and peer environment.

Growing up with aparent with mental health difficulties: results of the nationally representative study Children in Germany 0-3 2022

Amentally stressed family environment can pose arisk to the healthy development of infants and young children. It is unclear how widespread psychological distress currently is in the overall population of parents with young children and whether the proportion of parents with psychological distress has increased in recent years of multiple crises. Furthermore, it is unclear to what extent associations between the psychological distress of parents, their parenting skills, and early childhood development persist when agrowing number of parents report psychological distress. In anationwide, representative survey, 258 pediatricians documented the development of 7818 infants and toddlers as part of apreventive medical checkup. The children's parents answered questions about their mental health (anxiety and depression) and their parenting skills. The 2022 prevalences were compared with the results of the previous study from 2015. Taken together, around afifth (21.5%) of all parents reported moderate or clinically significant psychological distress (2015: 15.7%); parents with psychological distress were significantly more likely to express doubts about their own parenting competencies than parents without psychological distress. Pediatricians documented indications of aregulatory disorder and developmental delay significantly more frequently in children whose parents reported clinically significant psychological distress. The results illustrate the increasing relevance of psychological distress among parents with young children in recent years. The finding that parental psychological distress is associated with developmental abnormality in children once again highlights the need to provide families with targeted support from the outset.

The influence of parenting styles and coping strategies on anxiety symptoms in adolescents: a comparative study of groups with and without non-suicidal self-injury behavior

Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, the global incidence of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) has been increasing year by year, especially among adolescents, and it is highly correlated with the level of anxiety among teenagers, particularly within Chinese cultural contexts where parenting styles significantly influence adolescent behavior. Objective This study examines the role of culturally-influenced parenting styles and adolescent coping strategies in relation to anxiety and NSSI behavior, aiming to clarify these multivariate interactions for better understanding and intervention. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted with NSSI-diagnosed adolescents from Affiliated Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, China, and healthy adolescents from urban schools. Data on background, parenting styles, coping strategies, and anxiety levels were analyzed using chi-square tests, independent sample t-tests, MANOVA, and regression analysis. Results Adolescents with NSSI reported higher anxiety levels, more punishment and interference, and less emotional warmth from their fathers compared to the non-NSSI group (p < 0.001). The NSSI group also relied more on emotion-oriented coping strategies, while the non-NSSI group favored problem-oriented approaches (p < 0.001). Multivariate analyses confirmed significant effects of NSSI behavior, parenting styles, and coping strategies on anxiety levels. Conclusion This study found that the anxiety levels of NSSI adolescents were significantly higher than those of non-NSSI adolescents in China, which was closely related to less emotional warmth from parents, more punishment and interference, and emotion-focused coping strategies. The results demonstrate that family environment and coping strategies play a critical role in NSSI behavior and anxiety levels, highlighting the importance of emphasizing emotional support and positive coping strategies in the prevention and intervention of NSSI behavior.

Parenting Styles and Coping Strategies among Vietnamese Adolescents

Coping ability is one of the crucial factors helping adolescents face and overcome changes and difficulties during this developmental stage. The selection and use of coping strategies by adolescents are influenced by various factors from family, school, and social environment, including parenting styles. This study aims to examine the influence of parenting styles, as perceived by adolescents, on their coping strategies. Using a cross-sectional design, the study employed the Proactive Coping Inventory and Parenting Scale. Results showed that parental autonomy support, psychological control, and behavioral control have different effects on adolescents' coping strategies.

O AFETO FAMILIAR E AS IMPLICAÇÕES DA GUARDA COMPARTILHADA: UMA ANÁLISE JURISPRUDENCIAL DO TRIBUNAL DE JUSTIÇA DO ESTADO DE RONDÔNIA

This article aimed to analyze how the Court of Justice of the State of Rondônia considers family affection and the implications of shared custody in its judicial decisions. Thus, it is understood that this topic holds significant relevance within the contemporary legal context, especially when examined through the lens of the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the State of Rondônia. Shared custody, as a legal institution, offers an approach that aims to prioritize the emotional well-being and development of children by ensuring they maintain close ties with both parents after separation. The methodology used was qualitative, descriptive, bibliographic, and documentary, focusing on the role of the Judiciary in matters involving shared custody of children and adolescents. This research will thus contribute to a more detailed understanding of the implications of shared custody on family affection, which will enable the formulation of more effective public policies and legal practices. By analyzing the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the State of Rondônia, it is expected to identify patterns, challenges, and best practices that may be used to enhance the implementation of shared custody, fostering a more balanced and healthy family environment for children .

Can a warm and supportive adult protect against mental health problems amongst children with experience of adversity? A twin-differences study.

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with mental health problems, but many children who experience ACEs do not develop such difficulties. A warm and supportive adult presence in childhood is associated with a lower likelihood of developing mental health problems after exposure to ACEs. However, it is unclear whether this association is causal, as previous research has not accounted for genetic and environmental confounding. We used the twin-difference design to strengthen causal inference about whether a warm and supportive adult presence protects children exposed to ACEs from mental health problems. Participants were from the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study, a UK population-representative birth cohort of 2,232 same-sex twins. ACEs were measured prospectively from ages 5 to 12. Maternal warmth was assessed at ages 5 and 10 through maternal speech samples. Adult support was assessed through child reports at age 12. Mental health problems were assessed through interviews at age 12 with parents and teachers and participants at age 18. Among children exposed to ACEs, those who experienced greater maternal warmth and adult support had lower levels of mental health problems at ages 12 and 18. In monozygotic twin-difference analyses, the protective effects of maternal warmth and adult support on mental health were attenuated by 70% for maternal warmth and 81% for adult support, compared to phenotypic analyses. Twins who experienced greater maternal warmth and adult support had minimal or no difference in mental health compared to their co-twins, concordant for ACE exposure. The apparent protective effect of a warm, supportive adult against mental health problems following ACEs is largely explained by genetic and environmental confounding. This suggests that interventions which boost maternal warmth and adult support should be supplemented by components addressing wider family environments and heritable vulnerabilities in children exposed to adversity, to improve mental health.

Self‐Determination Skills in Ageing Women With Intellectual Disabilities

ABSTRACTBackgroundWomen with intellectual disabilities confront distinct challenges as they age, compounded by cognitive and adaptive constraints. These challenges encompass heightened health risks, barriers to social support and susceptibility to violence, underscoring the critical role of self‐determination in enhancing their quality of life.MethodThis quantitative study utilised a scale based on the Functional Model of Self‐Determination to assess self‐determination levels in 218 Chilean women aged 45 to 80 with intellectual disabilities. The research also explored potential personal and environmental factors influencing these levels.FindingsEmployed participants and those in supportive family environments demonstrated higher self‐determination levels. Moreover, women without mental health issues exhibited advanced skills in self‐regulation, empowerment and self‐realisation. Significant disparities were noted based on varying levels of intellectual disability, types of support received and socioeconomic status, highlighting the necessity for tailored and diversified support systems.ConclusionDeveloping personalised support programs that address individual and contextual differences is crucial. Despite limitations, this study emphasises the urgency for inclusive public policies aimed at eliminating socioeconomic and cultural barriers, thereby fostering environments conducive to community engagement and autonomous decision‐making.

Current investigation of neurocognitive functioning in preschool children with cancer: A cross-sectional study from western China.

Cancer and its treatments may cause neurocognitive impairments in preschool children, but there is limited research on the neurocognitive outcomes of this population. This study, which assessed the neurocognitive function of preschool children with cancer and analyzed various influencing factors of neurocognitive functioning, is of significant importance. We aimed to investigate neurocognitive function and related risk factors in preschool children with cancer to inform preventive and intervention strategies. From September 2023 to May 2024, we recruited 100 preschool children with cancer. The Chinese version of the Ages & Stages Questionnaires, the Spence Preschool Anxiety Scale Chinese Version, and the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children were used to collected data. Binary logistic stepwise regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of neurocognitive function in preschool children with cancer. 49% of the preschool children with cancer had abnormalities in at least one neurocognitive dimension. The majority of children had abnormalities in gross motor dimension, accounting for 30%, which was related to age and frequency of participation in neurocognitive activities. Communication dimension was related to father's education level, dietary habit, and frequency of participation in activities. Fine motor dimension was associated with age, sex, and father's education level. Problem-solving dimension was associated with age and dietary habit. Personal-social dimension was related to age and radiotherapy. Nearly half of preschool children with cancer experienced neurocognitive impairment. The Chinese version of the Ages & Stages Questionnaires is a simple and effective tool for screening children with possible neurocognitive impairment. It was found that children's neurocognitive function was significantly influenced by family environment, dietary habit, cognitive activities, and cancer treatment. Therefore, it is recommended to strengthen family and social support, and to formulate personalized intervention such as cognitive therapy and dietary adjustment based on children's age and family background, which are important for promoting neurocognitive recovery.

Social and Psychological Factors Influencing Drug Use Among Young People: Analysis of Modern Society

The article examines key aspects influencing the spread of drug use among young people. The main focus is on the analysis of social and psychological factors, such as the influence of family and immediate environment, the role of social networks and media, as well as the influence of peers and group dynamics. It also examines psychological aspects, including stress, anxiety, depression, personality characteristics and emotional instability, which can contribute to the formation of a tendency to use drugs. The article examines cultural and economic differences in drug use, revealing the impact of economic inequality, unemployment and changing social norms on the behavior of young people. Based on a comprehensive analysis of data from various sources, the article seeks to identify the main causes and mechanisms behind drug use among young people and offers recommendations for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies.

Research on Strategies for College Counselors in Conducting Mental Health Education for College Students

In recent years, with the rapid development of society and increasing competition, the mental health of college students has garnered more attention. Influenced by changes in their educational, family, and social environments, college students face new demands for mental health education. In the practice of mental health education, college counselors play a key role as guides in promoting students' holistic development, guardians in optimizing the university mental health education system, and managers in enhancing the effectiveness of mental health education. This paper first introduces common psychological issues among college students then discusses the necessity for college counselors to conduct mental health education from three perspectives, and finally proposes four strategies for counselors to implement mental health education, with the aim of providing a reference for student management in higher education institutions.

Prevalence and lifestyle determinants of depressive symptoms among Chinese children and adolescents

Based on Chinese Students’ Fitness Health Examination, this study sought to investigate the relationships between depressive symptoms and family environment, physical activity, dietary habits, sleep and sedentary behavior among children and adolescents. A cross-sectional study was carried out to estimate the prevalence of depressive symptoms in 32,389 participants (grades 4–12) using the CES-D. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationships between lifestyle determinants and depressive symptoms, and a random forest model was used to rank the importance of those determinants. The overall prevalence of depressive symptoms was 39.93%. Students with depressive symptoms had higher grades, lower parental educational levels and unhealthy lifestyles (P < 0.05). The top ten most important determinants of depressive symptoms were grade, egg intake, milk/soy product intake, frequency of muscle strength training, screen time, sleep duration, parental educational level, sugar beverage intake and total physical activity. Socioeconomic status, physical activity, sleep and screen time, and diet habits are determinants of depressive symptoms, and surveillance of lifestyles may be an effective way to detect students with depressive symptoms early.

Research on the Impact of Parenting Styles on Internet Addiction in Primary School Students

Abstract: With the rapid development of mobile phones and smartwatches, many primary school students have become increasingly dependent on the internet, to the extent that it affects their normal lives. Parental upbringing significantly influences children's behavior, as a warm family environment can reduce internet dependency, while an overly strict and highly controlling one can increase the amount of time primary school students spend on the internet. This study investigated the impact of parenting styles on Internet addiction in adolescents. The sample comprised 71 elementary school students, including 34 females and 37 males. A personal information form, "The Revised Chinese Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS-R)," and "The 21-item Chinese version of the s-EMBU" were used in the data gathering process. Regression analysis, simple correlation, F-test, and t-test methods were applied in data analysis. According to the findings, internet addiction is favorably connected with perceived poor parenting styles and negatively correlated with perceived positive parenting styles. Furthermore, there are gender differences in the prevalence of internet addiction among teenagers, with male teens being more likely than female teens to experience problematic online addiction.

Constantly changing, constantly adapting: Lives and life-course data of children and childhood social care

ObjectivesChildhood social care can lead to lifelong problems affecting health, educational attainment and other areas of a person’s life. Improving outcomes for children are therefore key policy objectives in many nations. The aim of this workshop was to inspire and drive forward life-course research on childhood social care internationally. ApproachThe workshop included presentations on the themes of the data jigsaw across the family life-course and data sovereignty and engagement. Presentations under each theme were followed by group activities and discussions. ResultsAdministrative data collections that include longitudinal details on childhood social care, developmental, health and other outcomes are becoming increasingly available for researcher purposes. Examples include the BEBOLD platform and the New South Wales Child E-Cohort in Australia, ECHILD in England and the Welsh SAIL Databank. First nations data sovereignty and engagement of childhood social care recipients has become a norm in many nations and led to improvements in research, including in methodology and interpretation of results. Together, improved access to data and meaningful stakeholder engagement can inform policy and practice to improve outcomes for children and young people. ConclusionsBarriers exist to understanding the family and home environments, such as very limited or no information about the fathers and other household members. Capturing populations who move between jurisdictions, e.g. migrants, is limited as administrative data is difficult to share across devolved nations/federated states. In some cases, a mismatch exists between expectations of meaningful engagement and institutional/research culture, resource and skill availability.

Психологические основы системы отбора граждан поступивших на обучение в полицейскую академию Никарагуа

The problem of selecting citizens for admission to the police service is being worked out in almost all countries of the world. The process of selection for the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation is a fairly widely developed area of ​​science. In Latin American countries, these studies are at the stage of active development. The subject of this article is the optimization of the system of selection of citizens admitted to training at the Nicaraguan Police Academy. The purpose of the study is to develop a program for the psychological selection of citizens for training at the Nicaraguan Police Academy. To achieve the goal of the study, the expert assessment method was used. Mathematical statistics, quantitative and qualitative analysis were used in the processing of empirical data. 30 psychologists of the National Police of Nicaragua (73% were women and 27% were men) acted as respondents in the expert survey. It is shown that the selection of citizens for the National Police of Nicaragua should be optimized in the direction of developing the psychological part of this process. Optimization should be carried out by updating psychometric tests, including methods for assessing the mental health of candidates; inclusion in the interview protocol of parameters for assessing the psychiatric history in the family environment, as well as organizing additional training and feedback on the results of their work for psychologists upon hiring.

Life trajectories and expected changes as factors for young adults’ participation in second chance education

Second Chance Schools (SCSs) have been operating for twenty-five years in Greece, that provide basic education to adults (18 years of age and older) who have not completed the compulsory nine-year education but have a primary school leaving certificate (six-year study). This study reports and analyses the participation factors of young adults (18–29 years old) in Second Chance Schools in Greece, investigates their degree of satisfaction with the curriculum, the treatment they received from their educators, the degree of influence of their immediate family, friends, acquaintances and work environment in their decision to participate, but also whether participation in SCS is connected to their life course, with direct reference to life transitions and expected changes. It is a quantitative survey that was conducted in 2023, in which 152 young adult students from Second Chance Schools of mainland Greece were involved and more specifically from the administrative regions of Central Macedonia, Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, of Thessaly and Attica. The data were collected through written questionnaires, followed by the analysis in SPSS. Factor analysis was applied to the empirical data with the method of principal component analysis. A set of factors emerged from the analyses that appear to influence the decision to participate.

English

Objectives: To analyze how the rights to a healthy environment and a family environment of invisible children are protected in the Socabaya-Arequipa-Peru Women’s Prison. Material and method: Data taken from the official documents in the following three prison records were used: the incident log, medical statistical report and the activity control book. The selection criteria were based on the availability, plausibility and official nature of the information in the documents. Qualitative analysis of the applied type and the designs of documentary analysis and grounded theory were selected for the method. Results: The rights of invisible children to healthy conditions and a family environment are inadequately protected in the Socabaya-Arequipa-Peru Women’s Prison. Lack of prison health services disrupt family relationships and negatively impact female inmates’ rights. Discussion: The lack of political will to guarantee rights to healthy conditions and a family environment is due to the fact that gender-based approaches, policies based on the protection of children’s interests, greater transparency and access to public information have yet to be introduced in the prison healthcare milieu.

POLICY DEVELOPMENT FOR EFFECTIVE SCHOOL MANAGEMENT AMIDST DETERIORATING DISCIPLINE IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN KWAZULU-NATAL: CHALLENGES AND STRATEGIES

The current increasing indiscipline in the secondary schools undermines the overall management of schools hence the importance of proper school management for the achievement of the set objectives is critical important(Daka, 2021). Another problem that has come to light is eroding discipline among students in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: the issues under the management of misbehaviour disrupt school administration and jeopardize the educational process. In this paper, I discuss the numerous multifaceted causes of the difficulties that current secondary schools encounter in establishing discipline. Through a review of literature, coupled with interviews with educational administrators personally encountered by the researcher, important areas of consideration, among which include the socio-economic conditions, poor school policies, and a bad influence from the community have been found to be among the important factors that contribute to the current disciplinary crisis. The study employs Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory as a framework to analyse the interconnected systems influencing school discipline, including the microsystem (family and school environments), mesosystem (interactions between school and community), exosystem (external policies and socio-economic conditions), and macrosystem (cultural and societal norms). The findings highlight the need for comprehensive and multi-faceted strategies to address these challenges effectively. Some of the key suggestions include providing practical, effective and clear disciplinary measures to be taken, enhancing school community relations, and providing teachers with training and focusing on the socio-economic factors leading to indiscipline. The study also highlights the practical recommendation as ethical leadership and inclusion of the African philosophy, specifically Ubuntu, in developing the better-discipline school climate. This study provides a valuable contribution to the literature on educational management in South and provides practical research that may be useful for policymakers, educators, and school administrators who want to improve school discipline and management. The strategies put forward present an opportunity for schools in KwaZulu-Natal to foster appropriate environment that would facilitate learning and ensure that learners gain improved education outcomes, and instil discipline insisting on accountability among llearners.