Faculty Of Sport Sciences Research Articles

The influence of quadriceps and hamstring strength on balance performance

Background and Study Aim. Muscular strength and balance are important components of athletic performance, and the muscles around the knee (Quadriceps and Hamstrings) provide joint stability when the knee is in motion. The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between quadriceps/hamstring (H/Q) muscle strength, Hamstring/Quadriceps (H/Q) strength ratio and balance performance. Material and Methods. Ten male volunteers with an average age of 21.60±2.11 years, height 176.40±4.67 cm, and body weight 76.50±8.85 kg, who were students of the Faculty of Sports Sciences. Performance tests included dynamic and static balance using the Biodex Balance System and isokinetic strength using the Cybex Humac NORM®. Results. Statistically significant (p<0.05) results in dynamic balance scores were found in the correlation of H/Q ratio and overall stability index (OSI) in the left leg (r =-0.645), and in the correlation of peak torque hamstring and anterior-posterior stability index (APSI) in the right leg (r =0.671). Statistically significant (p<0.05) results in static balance scores were found in the correlations of peak torque quadriceps with OSI (r=-0.760) and anterior-posterior stability index (APSI) (r=-0.650) in the right leg. No statistically significant results were found for the left leg in the static balance scores. Conclusions. As a result of the study, the relationship between quadriceps and hamstring strength and H/Q ratios and balance performance without ignoring the fact that balance is a complex feature involving the visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive systems. It can be said that muscle strength is an important factor in balance performance based on our study and other sources.

Development of Science and Technology in Sports Through Test and Measurement Tools Shoulder and Wrist Android Based

The purpose of this study is to produce Android -based shoulder and wrist. This research was conducted on students of the Faculty of Sports Sciences and North Sumatra PON athletes in December 2022. Types of research used in this study were development research with Research & Development (R&D) research designs from Borg and Gall. This research was conducted with 9 research stages, namely, (1) Research and Information Collecting, (2) Planning, (3) Developing Preminary Form of Product, (4) Preminary Field Testing, (5) Main Product Revision, (6) Main Field Testing, (7) Operational Product Revision, (8) Operational Field Testing, (9) Final Product Revision. The population in this study by using students of the Faculty of Sports Science and the North Sumatra Taekwondo Pelatda athlete. The technique of picking up using purposive sampling with a trial of phase I of 20 FIK students and the phase II trial of 30 athletes in North Sumatra Taekwondo Pelatda. Furthermore, from the trial of phase I, totaling 20 people showed 96% with very feasible criteria, then from the phase II trial of 30 North Sumatra Taekwondo Pelatda athletes showed 91% with a very decent category. From the results of research /feasibility tests conducted by test experts and measurements, IT experts and sports academics show 96% with a very feasible category, so that it can be used. On the basis of the data obtained, the development of Android -based shoulder and wrist test equipment is declared feasible to be developed as a test tool and measurement of shoulder muscle and wrist.

Development of WEB Based Police Member Proficiency Test Application

The purpose of this research is to produce a web-based application for the aptitude test for members of the Indonesian National Police. The type of research used in this research is development research with Research & Development (R&D) research design from Borg and Gall. This research was conducted with 9 research stages namely, (1) Research and information collecting, (2) Planning, (3) Develop preliminary form of product, (4) Preminary field testing, (5) Main product revision, (6) Main field testing, (7) Operational product revision, (8) Operational field testing, (9) Final product revision. The population in this study used sports science faculty students. The sampling technique used purposive sampling with a Phase I trial of 15 members of the Indonesian National Police Batch 2020/2021 and a Phase II trial with a total of 30 members of the Indonesian National Police Batch 2021/2022. Furthermore, from the Phase I trial with a total of 15 students showing a score of 78.33% with the Eligible criteria, then from the Phase II trial with a total of 30 students showing a score of 93.77% with the Very Eligible category. On the basis of the data obtained, the development of a web-based aptitude test application for police officers was declared feasible to be developed as a web-based aptitude test application for police officers.

Development of Test and Measurement Tools Standing Stork Test Android Based

The purpose of this research is to produce a test tool and measurement of standing stork test based on Android. The type of research used in this research is development research with Research & Development (R&D) research design from Borg and Gall. This research was conducted with 9 research stages namely, (1) Research and information collecting, (2) Planning, (3) Develop preliminary form of product, (4) Preminary field testing, (5) Main product revision, (6) Main field testing, (7) Operational product revision, (8) Operational field testing, (9) Final product revision. The population in this study used Sports Science Faculty Students and Aceh-North Sumatra PON Pelatda Athletes. The sampling technique used purposive sampling with Phase I trials of 20 FIK students and Phase II trials of 30 athletes of Pelatda Taekwondo Sumut. Furthermore, from the Phase I trial, totaling 20 people showed a figure of 89% with Very Eligible criteria, then from the Phase II trial, totaling 30 Aceh-North Sumatra PON Pelatda athletes showed a figure of 91% with the Very Eligible category. From the results of the research/feasibility test carried out by test and measurement experts, IT experts and sports academic experts, it shows a score of 96% in the Very Eligible category, so it can be used. On the basis of the data obtained, the development of an Android-based standing stork test and measurement tool was declared feasible to be developed as a test and measurement tool for balance.

Health behavior practiced during the quarantine of the Coronavirus / COVID-19 among students of the College of Sports Sciences at Mutah University

Objectives: The study aimed to determine the level of health behavior practiced by students of the Faculty of Sports Sciences at Mutah University during the quarantine period for the Coronavirus/COVID-19. The study sample consisted of 120 randomly selected male and female students from the Faculty of Sports Sciences at Mutah University. Methods: The study used the descriptive approach, utilizing survey methods and following scientific steps and procedures suitable for this research. Results: The findings of this study indicated that the students of the Faculty of Sports Sciences at Mutah University exhibited a high level of healthy behavior during the quarantine for the Coronavirus/COVID-19, with a mean score of 3.86 and a standard deviation of 1.269. Furthermore, the study results revealed no statistically significant differences (α≤0.05) in the practiced health behavior during quarantine for the Coronavirus/COVID-19 among students of the Faculty of Sports Sciences at Mutah University based on variables such as gender, academic department, academic level, or academic appreciation. Conclusion: It is crucial to maintain a high level of healthy behavior by adhering to the instructions and guidelines recommended by the World Health Organization or the relevant ministries dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic.

Identifying Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Barriers in the Physical Education Administration of Afghanistan’s Ministry of Education

The main of this study was to identify the strengths, weaknesses, barriers and opportunities in the Physical Education Directorate of the Ministry of Education of Afghanistan. The applied research method is of descriptive type. The population of the study was the directors of the Physical Education Department and the faculty members of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences of Kabul Education University. Thirty-five individuals were the participants of the study. The research questionnaire consisted of four parts (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and barriers) which were used after determining the validity and reliability. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data in SPSS 24 software. The results showed that the most important strengths were the existence of sports networks, paying attention to sports and physical education, the existence of participatory management space as well as setting for collective decision-making. The most noticeable weaknesses are the lack of a strategic plan in the General Directorate of Physical Education, lack of well-trained physical education instructors and its disproportion to the student population of the country. The opportunities available in this field were the young population and the existence of many talents in physical education in the country, increasing the level of education of physical education instructors; and the big threats were the influence and interference of other bodies and non-specialized officials in physical education administration, as well as lack of sufficient funds for sports education. Managers and staff members of the Physical Education General Directorate should better plan for the achievement of high efficiency and effectiveness by identifying strengths and weaknesses and taking advantage of environmental opportunities and barriers.

Investigation the Relationship between Mental Toughness and Courage Levels of Sports Sciences Faculty Students for Sustainable Performance

This research aimed to explore any links between mental toughness and courage in sports among students enrolled in the faculty of sports science, employing a relational screening model with a sample consisting of 340 university students who were selected using a convenience sampling method. Research data were collected through a Personal Information Form, the Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ), and the Sport Courage Scale (SCS). Data analyses included independent groups T-test, One-Way ANOVA, and Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient. Significant differences were detected in the SMTQ and SCS, as well as in the total scale scores, based on the gender variable, which is one of the demographic variables. SMTQ and SCS subdimensions and total scale scores differed significantly according to the university department. Furthermore, the study identified significant differences in the SMTQ and the SCS subdimensions and total scale scores based on the academic year variable. However, no significant relationship was found between age and SMTQ and SCS subdimensions and total scale scores. The findings of this study indicate a significant and positive correlation between the SMTQ and SCS subdimensions and the total scale scores. Therefore, it can be concluded that as the mental toughness levels of the students in sports science increase, their courage levels also increase.

The investigation of feeling stuckness and smartphone addiction in sport sciences students (gender difference approach)

The aim of this study is to examine the feeling of being stuck and phone addiction levels of student participants in Manisa Celal Bayar University Faculty of Sport Sciences. The study group of the research consists of 97 female and 193 male students from Manisa Celal Bayar University Faculty of Sport Sciences. Personal information form prepared by the researcher, Smartphone Addiction scale and Feeling Stuck scale were used as data collection tools in the research.SPSS 25.0 package program was used in the analysis of the data. Independent T test was used for pairwise comparisons, one of the parametric tests for normally distributed values, and One Way Anova test was used for more than two encounters. In addition, Pearson correlation analysis was used. A significant difference was found in the comparison of smartphone addiction scores between genders (p<0.05). In addition, it was found that there was a positive and significant correlation between the participants' feelings of stuckness scores and their smartphone addiction scores (p=0.01). According to the results, female students have a higher prevalence of smartphone addiction compared to males. Additionally, the study found that smartphone addiction exacerbates the feeling of being "stuck" often associated with depression.

EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEADERSHIP ORIENTATIONS AND SOCIAL INTELLIGENCE LEVELS OF SPORTS MANAGER CANDIDATES: THE CASE OF SAKARYA

The present research is conducted to determine the effect of social intelligence levels of sports manager candidates on their leadership orientations. In this context, the model of the research is determined as the causal screening model. The sample group of the research consists of 261 students studying at Sakarya University of Applied Sciences Faculty of Sport Sciences. The research data are collected by the Personal Information Form developed by the researcher, the Leadership Orientation Scale developed by Bolman and Deal (1991) and adapted into Turkish by Dereli (2003), and Tromso Social Intelligence Scale developed by Silvera, Martinussen and Dahl (2001), and adapted into Turkish Doğan and Çetin (2009). In the analysis of the collected data; Regression analysis is conducted to determine the effect of social intelligence on leadership orientations. As a result of the research, it has been determined that the social intelligence levels of the sports manager candidates are a positive and statistically significant predictor of their leadership orientation.

Impact of obstetric learning strategy on creative thinking and some basic volleyball skills Aircraft for students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences

The study is important in its use of an obstetric learning strategy to recognize its impact on creative thinking. The transmission skills are discussed below, where we prepare and receive the transmission by volleyball. The researchers used the experimental curriculum in the manner of the two equal groups to apply the study procedures. The research sample was 40 second-stage students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - Qadisiyah University. They were randomly divided into a police group, the "E" division was 20 students as a Pilot group and division (d) was 20 students. Necessary tools and devices have been used which included the strategy of obstetric learning and exploratory experience. The main field of experience involved post testing and the application of the strategy and then remote testing. The researchers concluded the student's need this strategy to help them improve creative thinking in learning the skills of preparation, reception and dispatch from below fending off volleyball. They recommend utilizing and giving sufficient space to the education units' obstetric learning strategy because of its active role in creative thinking and learning skills.

Evaluation of sports facilities and infrastructure for physical education learning in high schools throughout Polewali district

Eivaluation of Sports Facilitieis and Infrastructurei for Physical Eiducation Leiarning in High Schools in Poleiwali District. Theisis. Yogyakarta: Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, Yogyakarta State University, 2023.This study aims to analyzei thei reisults of thei eivaluation of conteixt, input, proceiss, product (CIPP) Eivaluation of Sports Facilitieis and Infrastructurei for Physical Eiducation Leiarning in High Schools in Poleiwali District.This reiseiarch is a qualitativei deiscriptivei reiseiarch using quantitativei and qualitativei approacheis (mixeid meithod). Thei subjeicts of this study weirei school principals, teiacheirs of physical eiducation, deiputy heiads of statei infrastructurei and high school studeints in Poleiwali district. Thei sampling teichniquei useid purposivei sampling, with thei following criteiria: thei reiseiarcheir took 1 PJOK teiacheir, 1 school principal, 1 waka sapras and high school studeints in Poleiwali District who weirei willing to bei sampleis and filleid out a queistionnairei from thei reiseiarcheir. Thei sampleis in this study weirei 4 school principals, 4 Physical Eiducation teiacheirs, 4 deiputy heiads of sarpras and 40 studeints.Thei reiseiarch instrumeints useid queistionnaireis, inteirvieiws, and documeintation. Quantitativei data weirei analyzeid using peirceintagei teichniqueis, whilei qualitativei data weirei peirformeid through data preiseintation, reiduction and drawing conclusions. Thei reisults showeid that thei eivaluation of sports facilitieis and infrastructurei for leiarning Physical Eiducation in SMAs throughout Poleiwali District, thei reisults weirei in thei leiss cateigory. Neixt, eiach aspeict of thei eivaluation is eixplaineid, nameily. (1) Conteixt eivaluation in thei good cateigory.Thei indicators for eiach aspeict arei curriculum with a reisult of 2.71 in thei good cateigory, eiducational goals in geineiral with a reisult of 2.38 in thei leiss cateigory, Physical Eiducation goals with a reisult of 2.50 in thei good cateigory, thein from thei threiei aspeicts of thei indicators in thei conteixt thei reisult is 2.53 in good cateigory. (2) Eivaluation input in thei leiss cateigory. Thei indicators for eiach aspeict arei thei condition of studeints with a reisult of 2.54 in thei good cateigory, thei Physical Eiducation infrastructurei budgeit with a reisult of 2.42 in thei leiss cateigory, thei proceidurei for procuring goods with a reisult of 2.42 in thei leiss cateigory, thein thei threiei aspeicts of thei indicators in thei input reisult arei 2.46 in thei leiss cateigory. (3) Proceiss eivaluation in thei leiss cateigory. Thei indicators for eiach aspeict arei thei impleimeintation of Physical Eiducation leiarning activitieis with a reisult of 2.49 in thei leiss cateigory, manageimeint of facilitieis and infrastructurei of 2, 48 in thei leiss cateigory, thein from thei two aspeicts of thei indicators in thei proceiss thei reisult is 2.48 in thei leiss cateigory. (4) Product eivaluation in thei leiss cateigory. Thei indicators for eiach aspeict arei thei suitability of thei infrastructurei for thei leiarning neieids of Physical Eiducation by 2.55 in thei good cateigory, thei impleimeintation of thei Physical Eiducation curriculum is 2.42 in thei leiss cateigory, so from thei two aspeicts thei indicators in thei proceiss reisult arei 2.48 in thei leiss cateigory.

Spor Bilimleri Özel Yetenek Sınavına Katılan Bireylerde Kaygı

This study examines the relationship between self-talk and anxiety for individuals attending the special talent examination in sports sciences. The study was conducted by using the descriptive and relational research design. A total of 544 student candidates who are composed of 383 male and 161 female students attending the special talent examination (STE) at the Sports Sciences Faculty of Bayburt University in the educational year of 2022-2023, who were chosen by random sampling, became the participants of this study. In the study, the researchers used the Personal Information Form, Self-Talk Questionnaire (S-TQ), Anxiety Inventory in Sports -2 (SAS) and the data obtained from the Track for STE of Sports Sciences at Bayburt University obtained online and based on voluntarism principle. The obtained data is analyzed by the computer program named SPSS 25.0. In the analysis of the data, the researchers used the methods of descriptive, percentage, average, standard deviation and inferential correlation analyses, and t-test analysis in independent samples. In the consequence of the study, it was determined that while the anxiety levels of the participants increased, their track times improved; however there was no relationship between self-talk and track times. Additionally, it was determined that while the ages of participants in the study increased, their levels of self-talk decreased; however there was no relationship between age and level of anxiety, the levels of self-talk and anxiety for the male participants were lower than those of the female participants; and while the self-talk levels of participants increased, their levels of anxiety also increased. However, it was also determined that there was no relationship between self-talk and level of anxiety.

The Effect of Health Literacy Level of Students Studying at The Faculty of Sport Sciences on Body Perception

Bu çalışmada, Yozgat Bozok Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesinde öğrenim gören öğrencilerin sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyi ve beden algısı ilişkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma tanımlayıcı araştırma türünde yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın evreni, Yozgat Bozok Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesinde öğrenim gören öğrencilerdir. Çalışmanın örneklemi 82 kadın ve 51 erkek olmak üzere toplamda 133 gönüllü üniversite öğrencisinden oluşmuştur. Veri toplama aracı olarak sosyodemografik soru formu, Sağlık Okuryazarlığı anketi-Avrupa Birliği Ölçeği ve Beden Algısı Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Çalışmadan elde edilen veriler Statistical Package for Social Sciences 25 deneme sürümü kullanılarak analiz yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda Yozgat Bozok Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesinde öğrenim gören üniversite öğrencilerin, Beden Algısı Ölçeğinin puan ortalaması 160,10±25,68 ve Sağlık Okuryazarlığı anketi-Avrupa Birliği Ölçeğinin puan ortalaması ise 34,23±7,82 olarak bulunmuştur. Buna göre Yozgat Bozok Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesinde öğrenim gören üniversite öğrencilerin sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeylerinin yeterli olduğu ve bedenlerinden memnun oldukları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca öğrencilerin sağlık okuryazarlık düzeyleri ile beden algıları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı, pozitif yönlü ve düşük düzeyde bir ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir (r=0,286; p<0,05).

Investigation of Exercise Addiction and Mental Toughness Levels of Sports Science Faculty Students

Amaç: Araştırmada spor bilimleri fakültesinde öğrenim gören öğrencilerin egzersiz bağımlılığı ve zihinsel dayanıklılık düzeylerinin çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesinin yanında egzersiz bağımlılığı ile zihinsel dayanıklılık düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. 
 Yöntem: Araştırmaya 2020-2021 eğitim öğretim yılı içerisinde Balıkesir Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesinde öğrenim gören 193’ü erkek, 197’si kadın olmak üzere toplam 390 öğrenci katılmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak; “Demografik Bilgi Formu”, “Egzersiz Bağımlılığı Ölçeği” ve “Sporda Zihinsel Dayanıklılık Envanteri” kullanılmıştır. 
 Bulgular: Katılımcıların egzersiz bağımlılığı düzeyleri ile yaş ve egzersiz sıklığı değişkenlerine göre anlamlı bir fark tespit edilmiştir. Zihinsel dayanıklılık düzeyleri incelendiğinde cinsiyet, yaş ve egzersiz sıklığı değişkenlerine göre anlamlı bir fark görülmüştür. Egzersiz bağımlılığı ve zihinsel dayanıklılık düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki incelenmiş olup aralarında pozitif yönde düşük düzeyde anlamlı ilişki tespit edilmiştir.
 Sonuç: Katılımcıların egzersiz bağımlılığı düzeylerinin riskli grupta yer aldığı tespit edilmiştir. Üniversite öğrencilerinin cinsiyet değişkenine göre erkek katılımcıların kadınlara oranla zihinsel dayanıklılık düzeylerinin daha yüksek olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Katılımcıların yaş düzeyi ilerledikçe bağımlılık riski düşerken zihinsel dayanıklılık düzeylerinin artmakta olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca katılımcıların yapmış olduğu haftalık egzersiz sayısı arttıkça bağımlılık seviyesi artarken zihinsel dayanıklılık düzeylerinin arttığı saptanmıştır.

Some Physical Measurements and Physical Abilities and Their Relationship to Some of The Basketball Skills of Female Students

Learn about the relationship of some physical measurements to some of the basketball skills of female students. Learn about the relationship of some physical abilities to some of the basketball skills of female students. Research approach: The researcher used the descriptive approach to suit the nature of the research.    The research community represents four-year-old students from the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Salaheddine University for the academic year (2020-2021) in a deliberate manner, numbering (49) female students, while the research sample numbered (15) female students, The researcher used spss to process statistics. - Arithmetic medium, standard deviation and Pearson link coefficient Conclusions: The following conclusions were reached: There is a moral correlation between the length of the kidney body and the length of the upper tip and the width of the hand with the basketball skills of the basketball conversation and correction in the students of basketball There is a moral correlation between everyone who ran 30 meters and pushed a medical ball with the basketball skills of the basketball and correction of the basketball students.

Sporcu - Öğrencilerin Öz yeterlik Düzeylerinin Akademik Başarıya Etkisinin Lojistik Regresyon Analizi İle İncelenmesi

Athlete-students faced with both athletic and academic demands may identify more strongly with their academic or athletic roles, depending on a number of influential factors. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of self-efficacy, gender and age of athletes- students on their academic achievement. In the research, the self-efficacy scale adapted to Turkish by Öcal (2022) and the academic achievement averages of the athletes-students were used as data collection tools. The data were collected from a total of 290 university licensed athletes-students studying at the university's faculty of sports sciences. Logistic regression analysis method was used in the analysis of the data. The results showed that high self-efficacy levels of athlete students are an important predictor of their academic achievement. As the age of the athletes increases, their academic success rates also increase; It was found that female athlete students were more likely to fail than male students. Another result is that the more the athletes' perceptions of confidence in their abilities increase, the more likely they are to be academically successful. These results revealed that age, gender, and confidence in their abilities are the determinants of academic success, and athlete self-efficacy is an important factor in the academic success of students during their education. It can be said that the results of the research are an important factor in guiding future research and educational prevention and intervention efforts for athletes.

The Perceptions of the Students of Sport Science Faculty at Mutah University Toward Coeducation in Practical Lectures

Objectives: The study aimed to identify the Orientations of sport sciences' students at Mutah University about mixing in practical lectures. And to identify the differences in Orientations of sport sciences' students at Mutah university about coeducation in practical classes according to the variables (Gender, academic year, academic specialization, place of residence).
 Methods: The study adopted a descriptive approach. A questionnaire, which includes four aspects moral, social, psychological and academic aspects, was distributed to a sample of (432) students which is 30% of the study population.
 Results: The results showed that there is average positive important Perceptions of sport sciences' students at Mut'ah University about mixing in practical lectures, where the general arithmetic average of their perceptions on all "moral, social, psychological, academic" dimensions was (3.61) out of (5). And results at the level of dimensions indicated that the orientations were high towards the psychological and social dimension of coeducation, with a mean of (3.73) and (3.71), respectively, and that the orientations were moderate towards the moral and academic dimensions of mixing, with a mean of (3.55) and (3.42), respectively.
 Conclusions: The study concluded that mixing between the two genders in practical lectures improves the level of social relations between them. The study recommended the need for education and awareness through the integration of students of both sexes into some activities. Apply a guidance system for students who have problems when mixing or making problems.

Physiological anthropometric and motor values in relation to 500 metres running

The primary purpose of this paper is to determine and prove the impact of loads with different intensities on the treadmill on the heart frequency, as well as to prove the relationship and impact of some anthropometric and motor parameters on the physiological one in the manifest space. In harmony with the purpose of the research, three basic hypotheses have been presented that cover the anthropological research fields. In this paper, 19-year-old students of the Faculty of Sports Sciences are included. To achieve the purpose of the paper, a sample of 80 students who were regular students during the year 2022/2023 was included. Four anthropometric variables, three motor tests (running tests) and four physiological tests (pulse at rest and during loads) are included in this paper. For the three groups of the system of variables, the basic statistical and distribution parameters for each variable, as well as the measures of asymmetry and normal distribution, were calculated. Then the correlations between the variables in the manifest space, as well as the correlations between the system of variables. In order to determine the relationship between predictor variables (anthropometric and motor characteristics) and criterion variables (results of functional skills), regression analysis was applied in the manifest space. The processing of the results shows that the obtained values do not deviate from the normal distribution, which completes their metric characteristics. The impact of morphological and motor factors on heart rate results has not been proven.

Examination Of The Leadership Style Perceptions Of The Students In The Faculty Of Sports Sciences

İnsanlık tarihinin çok eski dönemlerine kadar dayanan liderlik kavramıyla birlikte, etkili liderlik ile başarılı antrenörlüğün doğru orantılı olduğu düşünülmektedir. Liderlik stilleri, bu stillerin performansa katkısı, sporcuyu başarılı kılması, sporcu-antrenör ilişkisini güçlendirmesi, , antrenör sporcu iletişimini kuvvetlendirmesi, sporcuların motivasyonunun olumlu yönde arttırması liderlik açısından antrenörlüğe olumlu katkı sağladığı düşünülmektedir bu bilgiler ışığında bu araştırmanın amacı; spor bilimleri fakültesinde öğrenim gören antrenörlük bölümü öğrencilerinin liderlik tarzı algılarının incelenmesidir. Araştırma grubunu 2022-2023 eğitim-öğretim yılından Iğdır Üniversitesi SBF’de öğrenim gören 206 gönüllü öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Araştırma da veri toplama yöntemi olarak “Kişisel Bilgi Formu”, ile Çok Yönlü Liderlik Yönelimleri Ölçeği (ÇYLYÖ) kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS istatistik programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına göre; araştırma grubunun cinsiyet değişkeni, lisanslı sporcu olma durumu, yaş değişkeni, sınıf değişkeni, gelir durumu, haftalık spor yapma süresi ve yaptığı spor türüne göre çok yönlü liderlik yönelimleri ölçeği toplam puan ve ölçek tüm alt boyutları toplam puan ortalaması arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık olmadığı görülmüştür. Araştırma grubunun spor yapma durumu ile çok yönlü liderlik yönelimleri ölçeği toplam puan ve ölçek alt boyutlarında politik liderlik toplam puan ortalaması arasında anlamlı farklılık olduğu belirlenirken, ölçek alt boyutları insan kaynaklı liderlik, karizmatik liderlik ve yapısal liderlik puan ortalaması arasında anlamlı farklılık olmadığı görülmüştür, araştırma grubunun sporun hayatınızdaki önemi ile çok yönlü liderlik yönelimleri ölçeği toplam puan ve ölçek alt boyutlarından insan kaynaklı liderlik toplam puan ortalaması arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık olduğu belirlenirken, ölçek alt boyutları politik liderlik, karizmatik liderlik ve yapısal liderlik toplam puan ortalaması arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık olmadığı belirlenmiştir.

E-LEARNING MOTIVATION AMONG STUDENT-ATHLETES OF UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA (UiTM), MALAYSIA.

The greatest challenge for educators during the pandemic Covid 19 situation today is to motivate their students to adopt e-learning. Therefore, it is important for lecturers in higher institutions to understand how to motivate their learners in choosing the types of motivation. Motivation refers to the concern with arousal, direction and persistence of behaviour towards the achievement of a specific goal, which classified into intrinsic and extrinsic. The objective of this study is to explore the types of motivation in adopting e-learning among the student-athletes of Sport Science and Recreation Faculty at University Technology MARA (UiTM), Malaysia. One hundred and twenty student t- athletes participated in this study. They were categorized into four ranking known as national, state, district and university based on their achievement in sports. The overall result showed that the student-athletes have the highest level of motivation in External Regulation (mean= 27.51), followed by Introjected Regulation (mean= 25.74), Identified Regulation (mean= 22.32), Amotivation (mean= 20.34), Intrinsic Motivation to Experience (mean= 17.17), Intrinsic Motivation to Know (mean= 15.31) and Intrinsic Motivation to Accomplish (mean= 12.55). Furthermore, national level athletes scored higher mean in both types of e-learning motivation except for Amotivation. In contrast, university ranking student-athletes scored the lowest on all the types of motivations for e-learning but highest in Amotivation. The findings obtained in this study supported by Self-Determination theory that e-learning involves the interaction of both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Therefore, educators should use intrinsic and extrinsic types of motivation to enhance the e learning habits among student-athletes to increase their performance in academic.