Factorial Completely Randomized Design Research Articles

Banana Stem Utilization As A Plant Container With Planting Media And Watering Interval On Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Productivity

Banana pseudostem is a type of agricultural waste that has the potential to replace polybags. The planting media used in lettuce growing must be suitable for increasing plant development and productivity. Furthermore, water requirements must be met, as banana pseudostems have a high water content and are expected to minimize the watering procedure. The goal of this research was to find a good planting medium and watering interval for lettuce development and production in a banana pseudostem planting container. From March to June 2021, this study was done at UPT Agrofarm RIU. A Factorial Completely Randomized Design was employed in the study (CRD). The first is the planting medium, which is divided into four levels: M1: top soil, M2: RYP soil, M3: peat soil, and M4: RYP soil and peat soil (1:1). The second aspect is the watering interval, which is divided into three categories: F1: daily, F2: every two days, and F3: every three days. The results showed that using peat medium as a planting container and watering once every three days boosted leaf number, plant wet and dry weight, and root volume.

Cultivation of white oyster mushroom (Pleuorotus ostreatus) on some ligno-celluloses materials

White oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) is a mushroom that is often consumed by the public and cultivated because it has a high nutritional content and a wide variety of essential amino acids, proteins, fats, minerals, and vitamins. This study aims to analyze the response of several ligno-celluloses materials to the growth of white oyster mushrooms, to compare the treatment of several ligno-celluloses materials to the growth of white oyster mushrooms, and to determine the appropriate concentration on the growth of white oyster mushrooms. The experimental design used in this study was a Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD). As the result of the interaction test, the P-value obtained is 0.999>0,05, thus h0 is not rejected. The test of seeds obtained p-value 0.005<0,05 h0 is rejected, based on the test of the influence of planting media obtained p-value 0,000<0,05 h0 is rejected. From the graph of the average comparison, it is known that the type of F3 seed on the M4 planting medium caused the highest duration of mycelium growth compared to the influence of the type of seed and other growing media.

Effects of drying methods and acidic strength on physicochemical properties of potassium caseinate

The aims of the present study were to characterize physicochemical characteristics and chemical structures by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), and mark dissolved protein content, microstructure, and moisture content of potassium caseinate prepared by drying methods and acid strength. The experiment was arranged according to factorial complete randomized design with triplicates, while data from FTIR and microstructure analysis was presented descriptively. The results demonstrated that acids and drying methods for preparing potassium caseinate could increase antioxidant activity, a* score (reddish) and b* score (yellowish). Specifically, freeze-drying method coupled with acid treatments accounted for reducing moisture content but improved viscosity and microstructural properties. Briefly, we could argue that drying techniques and acids established noticeable effects on the quality of potassium caseinate.

Pengaruh Media dan Intensitas Naungan terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Tancang (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lamk.)

Bruguiera gymnorrhiza is a mangrove species that can be used to rehabilitate mangrove forest. The information about the response of mangrove seedlings to the factors that affect its growth is needed to ensure its survival rate. This study aimed to examine the response of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza seedlings to the factors that affect its growth such as media and shade level. This research used a Completely Randomized Factorial Design (CRFD) with the treatments of growing media (A) and shade level (N) of 3 levels on each factors, that are mud (A0); mud and compost (A1); and mud, compost, sand (A2); also 0% shade (N0); 50% shade (N1); and 70% shade (N2) on the 3 months old seedlings. The results showed that the treatment of shade level significantly affected the growth response of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza seedlings, while the treatment of growing media and interaction of both treatments did not show a significant response. The 0% shade level gave the best growth response of B. gymnorrhiza seedlings.&#x0D; Keywords: growth rate, light level, mangrove, rehabilitation, seedbed

The effectiveness of clove oil, its fractions, and clove oil-based fumigant tablet formulations, against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)

Indonesia has seen an increase and widespread reports of resistance among stored-product insect pests to phosphine. The use of Syzigium aromaticum (clove oil) as an alternative fumigant may be a useful strategy to control infestation by phosphine-resistant varieties of stored-product insects. The objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of whole (unfractionated) clove oil as well as its component fractions as a fumigant and repellent against the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)), and to develop a simple fumigant formulation for this purpose. The experimental design used to test the effectiveness of clove oil and its fractionation was a completely randomized design (CRD). Meanwhile, testing the effectiveness of tablet formulations was carried out by factorial CRD. Fumigation test results gave LD50 and LD95 values of 0.234 and 1.142 ml/l respectively, for crude clove oil used in a fumigation chamber against T. castaneum. An n-hexane fraction of clove oil tested under the same conditions was more lethal, causing 95% mortality of T. castaneum at the dose of 0.801 ml/l during fumigation. Finally, tablets containing a set proportion of clove oil and naphthalene (1:1) reached LD91 against T. castaneum after 7 days’ fumigation.

Effect of two organic fertilizers on some anatomical features of Pinus pinea L. seedlings grown in field and lathe house

Effect of two organic fertilizers on some anatomical features of Pinus pinea L. seedlings grown in field and lathe house

DIVERSIFIKASI SAMBAL IKAN TANDIPANG ASAP DALAM JAR

Tandipang fish sauce is one of the diversified products of tandipang fish. The choice of chili sauce as a diversified product is based on the reason that chili sauce is a popular product among the public and is quite in demand, especially the people of North Sulawesi. The purpose of this study was to make tandipang fish sauce products in jars and obtain the best quality and shelf life of tandipang fish sauces in jars. The benefits produced are as souvenirs of processed products typical of North Sulawesi. The method used is the experimental design used, namely the Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) using ANOVA. Observation factors were storage time 0, 1, 2, and 3 weeks at a temperature of 28°C (room) and chili flavor variants (onion sauce, green chili sauce, and grilled rica). vary. Based on the results of the water content test, roasted rica is the best product. Because it has a low water content compared to chili and green chili sauce. Based on the results of organoleptic and microbiological tests, the tandipang fish sauce is suitable for consumption until the 3rd week. It can be concluded that the three variants of the tandipang fish sauce can be stored for 3 weeks at room temperature.Keywords : diversification, jar, sauce, shelf life , tandipang fish

Short Communication: Morphological diversity and the addition of golden snail protein: Its effect on flavonoid content on Echinacea purpurea

Abstract. Ferdyana WC, Widiyastuti Y, Pujiasmanto B, Sakya AT, Yunus A. 2021. Short Communication: Morphological diversity and the addition of golden snail protein: Its effect on flavonoid content on Echinacea purpurea. Biodiversitas 23: 62-66. Echinacea purpurea is a subtropical medicinal plant that contains flavonoids. Flavonoids function as antioxidants and immunomodulators. However, information on the method to increase flavonoid content in E. purpurea is still limited. The golden snail protein increases flavonoid content. The purpose of this study was to determine the best accession and optimal concentration of golden snail protein on biomass production and flavonoid content in E. purpurea. The study used a Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The first factor was three accessions of E. purpurea (A1, A2, A3); the second factor was 5 levels of the addition of golden snail protein (0 mL/L/week, 10 mL/L/week, 20 mL/L/week, 30 mL/L/week, and 40 mL /L/week). There were differences in morphological characters of three E. purpurea accessions, i.e., stem and the shape of the flower crown. Accession 2 had the highest flavonoid content except for the 10 mL/L/week treatment. The highest increase in flavonoid content in three accessions was obtained in the treatment of 10 mL/L/week gold snail protein by 19% flavonoid content compared to control treatment (0 mL/L/week). The concentration of 0 mL/l/week or control had the lowest flavonoid content.

The Effect of vermicompost and NPK fertilizer on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) growth

Tomato is a plant of solanaceae family, has short stems, and grows well in tropical climates. Tomatoes have vegetative and generative growth phases. The availability of nutrients largely determines the vegetative growth phase. The purpose of the study is to determine: (1) the effect of vermicompost on tomato growth, (2) the effect of NPK fertilizer treatment on tomato growth, (3) the interaction effect of vermicompost and NPK fertilizer on tomato growth. The research was conducted using experimental methods. The research was carried out from April to July 2021. The research design was a 4 x 5 complete random factorial design with three repetitions. NPK fertilizer consisted of 4 levels of treatment doses, while vermicompost consisted of 5 levels of treatment doses. The research finding shows that the application of NPK fertilizer of 0.8 grams per plant significantly affected stem diameter, the number of compound leaves, leaf length, and stem height of tomatoes. Treatment of vermicompost of 1.8 kg of vermicompost resulted in the best stem diameter, number of compound leaves, leaf length, and stem height. The combination of vermicompost and NPK fertilizer had no significant effect on stem diameter, the number of compound leaves, leaf length, and stem height of tomatoes.

Interaction Effect of Vitamin E-selenium Supplementation and Metabolic Energy on Reproductive Performance of Joper Breeders

The side effect of fatty acid oxidation during lippoprotein synthesis is the release of oxygen in the tissue called reactive oxygen species (ROS). Metabolic stress in Joper brooders due to an imbalance between ROS and antioxidants causes a decrease in hatching egg production and quality. Therefore, research is needed to improve the reproductive performance of Joper broodstock by combining vitamin E-selenium supplementation and metabolic energy. This study used 200 hatched eggs resulting from a cross between 60 weeks old Sentul males and 35 weeks old ISA BROWN laying hens that had been treated. This study used a Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) (2 x 4). The first factor is the energy level (2700 and 2800 kcal/kg) and the second factor is the dose of vitamin E-selenium supplementation (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 ppm). Selenium dosage is 1ppm/mg vitamin E. The interaction between vitamin E-selenium supplementation and energy had a very significant effect (P&amp;lt;0.01) in increasing DOC weight. The single factor energy level and vitamin E-selenium supplementation significantly (p&amp;lt;0.05) in reducing embryo mortality and increasing hatchability, while fertility and eggshell quality were not affected by the two treatment factors. The conclusion of this study is the interaction between vitamin E-selenium supplementation and energy levels can increase the weight of Joper's DOC, while the single factor of vitamin E-selenium supplementation and energy levels can reduce embryo mortality and increase hatchability. The best interaction with 100 ppm vitamin E-selenium supplementation and energy 2800 kcal/kg.

Karakteristik Fisikokimia dan Sensoris Es Krim Ubi Jalar Ungu (Ipomoea Batatas L.) Dengan Subtitusi Pemanis Ekstrak Daun Stevia (Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni M.) dan Berbagai Jenis Stabilizer

This study aims to determine the effect of sweetener concentration, various types of stabilizers and their interactions on proximate, antioxidant and sensory content of ice cream. The study was conducted using a Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of two factors. The first factor is the comparison of sweetener concentration with 3 levels of 100% sugar sweetener (D1), 50% sugar sweetener: 50% stevia extract sweetener (D2) and 100% stevia extract sweetener (D3) while the second factor is the type of stabilizer with 3 levels namely, agar. - agar (S1), Gelatin (S2) and CMC (S3). The results obtained were analyzed using the F test and followed by the DMRT test with a confidence level of 95%. The results showed that the comparison of sweetener concentration (D) and treatment interaction (DxS) had a significant effect. While the sensory analysis has a significant effect on the texture, taste, overall variables and does not significantly affect the aroma variable. The best treatment in the proximate analysis of sensory analysis is the treatment of using 50% sugar and 50% stevia and agar-agar (D2S1) stabilizer with the organoleptic score of fragrance, texture, taste and preference respectively were 3.80 (normal); 3.60 (slightly soft); 3.80 (good); 4.10 (liked), and the Physicochemical value of overrun, melting time, fibre content, viscosity, antioxidant, and sugar content respectively were 42,5%; 14,06 minutes; 0,3107%; 1,217 cP; 11,65%; 20,33%.

ROOT INDUCTION OF PATCHOULI PLANT STEM CUTTINGS USING IBA GROWTH REGULATOR ON SEVERAL PLANT MEDIA

Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) plant is one of the essential oil producing plants, that is useful in the chemical industry as a raw material for fragrance products and in the pharmaceutical field. The success rate of patchouli early growth, is largely determined by the cultivation techniques used, including the use of growth regulators, and growing media. This study aims to determine the effect of IBA growth regulators and the composition of plant media on the growth of patchouli plants. This research is carried out in the Greenhouse of the Forestry Study Program of the University of Mataram, using a Factorial Completely Randomized Design (RALF), the first factor is IBA growth regulator with 3 levels, namely 0, 20, 25 ppm and the second factor is composition of plant media with 3 levels, namely forest soil media, soil media:sand:compost (1:1:1), and soil media:sand:compost (2:1:3). The results show that the effect of IBA significantly affect the success percentage of cuttings and the number of roots of patchouli plants. The effect of plant media composition and the interaction between treatment of IBA with plant media composition did not have a significant effect on the growth parameters of patchouli plants.

Pasting properties of jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) modified starch with heat moisture treatment

Jack bean is a local legume that can grow in suboptimal land and potential to be developed in Indonesia. Jack bean seed has 33.32% of protein and 61.15% of carbohydrate so it can become a starch source for the food industry. Native starch has a limited application on food products because of its weak characteristics such as being unstable to heat and shear. Heat Moisture Treatment (HMT) starch modification is needed to overcome the weaknesses. HMT is a natural modification because it does not leave a chemical residue. The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of heat moisture treatment (HMT) with various moisture content and time on the pasting properties (peak, through, breakdown, final, setback viscosity, peak time, and peak temperature) of jack bean modified starch. This research used Factorial Completely Randomized Design (FCRD) with two factors, varying moisture content (27%, 30%, 33%) and time (10 h, 13 h, 16 h). The results show that the various moisture leads to increase peak-time, pasting temperature and decrease peak viscosity, through viscosity, breakdown, final and setback viscosity. In addition, higher HMT time could increase peak time, pasting temperature but decrease peak, trough, breakdown, final and setback viscosity.

Tannin Concentration of Gyrinops Tea Taken Form Different Agarwood Plantation and Different Processing Method

Tannin is one of the essential components that determine the quality of herbal tea products. This research aims to conduct a quantitative tannin assay of Gyrinops tea with different leaf sampling locations and processing methods. Factorial Completely Randomized Design was used as an experimental design with two treatment factors. The first factor is sampling location (Kekait, Lingsar, and Pejaring). The second factor is the processing method (Fresh leaves and Dried leaves). A titrimetric method with KMnO4 and Indigo carmine reagent was used for quantitative tannin measurement. ANOVA and DMRT at a 5% significant level were used for tannin concentration analysis. The result indicated that the first, second, and interaction factors significantly affected tannin concentration. Drying the G. versteegii leaves could increase the tannin concentration of the Gyrinops tea product. G. versteegii leaves taken from Kekait have shown highest tannin concentration among other regions. It could be concluded that dried G. versteegii leaves Kekait could produce Gyrinops tea with high quality based on tannin concentration measurement.

Requirement of Cyanobacteria Synechococcus elongatus for the biomass and lipid production

Synechococcus elongatus is unicellularCyanobacteria having fast growth and can conduct photosynthesis process in its cells.This research purposed to evaluate the potential of Synechococcus elongatus as an candidate of biodiesel feedstocks by evaluating its biomass and lipid content in appropriate nutrients. The study was conducted at Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand. The Factorial Completely Randomized Design was used as experimental design in this study. The species was grown in BG II medium which was added by different doses of NaNO3 and KHPO4. Cultivation was conducted for seven days for several parameters, namely appropriate dose of nutrients, specific growth rate, biomass, and lipid content. This study resulted the optimal dose of nitrate from NaNO3 and phosphate from KHPO4 for good growth of Synechococcus elongatus which were 289.11 mg/L of NO3- and 22.26 mg/L of HPO4.This species grew well in BG-II medium added optimal nutrients at specific growth rate of 0.34µg/day. The optimal lipid productivity of Synechococcus elongatus was achieved at day 6th of cultivation which its dried biomass was 0.21±0.03 g/L and total lipid was 1.89±0.28%. Based on the results, Synechococcus elongatus cultivated in BG-II medium was potential tobe biodiesel source with its fast growth and lipid content in its cell.

Development and Characterization of Alginate Based Biocomposite Films Reinforced by Gracilaria Powder

The edible film is a thin sheet that functions as a coating or packaging material on foods that may be eaten simultaneously as packaged products. The ingredient that is often used is alginate made from seaweed. The advantage of using seaweed as a bioplastic material is that it can be produced in a large quantity, low price, and is non-toxic; it can also produce bioplastic that resembles conventional plastic. The experimental method with two components of Completely Randomized Factorial Design was employed in this study (CRFD), the concentration of Gracilaria seaweed powder with four levels (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 1%) and concentration of alginate with three levels (1%, 1.25%, dan 1.5%). The result showed that the concentration of seaweed powder and concentration of alginate that used in the making of the edible film had a significant effect on the quality of the edible film on all parameters, which is thickness, moisture content, tensile strength, elongation, water vapor transmission rate, water-solubility, color, opacity and surface morphology. There is an interaction between the concentration of seaweed powder and concentration of alginate at the significant effect on the quality of the edible film, which is a concentration of seaweed powder at the level of 1.5% and concentration of alginate at the level of 1.5%. The film has a the thickness of 0.25mm, moisture content of 6.94%, tensile strength of 54.29 Mpa, elongation of 3.26%, the water solubility of 64.41%, water vapor transmission rate of 3242 g/cm2/24 h, and opacity of 81.7%.

Seed Priming Used Coconut Water In Different Concentration And Soaked Periode To Increase Soybean Germination

Soybean seeds are orthodox seeds that quickly deteriorate, especially if the storage environment conditions are less favorable (sub optimum). Soaking using coconut water can be done to overcome the deterioration of soybean seeds by utilizing vegetable waste. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of concentration and duration of coconut water soaking on the process of soybean seed germination. This research was conducted in January-February 2020, at the Agronomy Laboratory, Agrotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture-Livestock. The soybean used in the study was the Dena I variety. Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 2 factors was used in this study. Factor 1 was coconut water concentration (K0 = 0% Coconut Water Concentration; K1 = 25% Coconut Water

Pengaruh Berbagai Jenis Media Dan Lama Penyimpanan Benih Terhadap Viabilitas Dan Vigor Benih Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.)

Effect of Various Types of Media and Duration of Storage of Seeds on Viability and Vigor of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Seeds. The method used in this research is the Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method, which consists of 2 treatment factors, Factor I, namely storage media with 4 treatment levels, namely: M0 without storage media; M1 = use of PE plastic; M2 = use of aluminum foil; M3 = use of gunny sacks; M4 = using a glass bottle. each treatment was repeated 2 (two) times. The second factor is storage time with 3 levels of treatment, namely: W1 = stored for 1 (one) week; W2 = stored for 2 (two) weeks; W3 = stored for 3 (three) weeks. The parameters observed in this study were viability and vigor. seed growth rate (%). Simultaneous growth of seeds (%), potential for seed growth (%), germination of seeds (%).From the research results can be concluded as follows:1.) the use of various types of seed storage media (M0) (without treatment), M1 (PE plastic), M2 (aluminum paper), M3 (gunny sacks), and M4 (glass bottles) are treatments that give no real results at age. 1-3 days after planting and the yields were very real at the age of 4-7 days after planting on the speed of seed growth, gave no real results at the age of 1-4 dast and the results were very real at the age of 5-7 days against the synchronization of seed growth, giving no real results at age 3 days after planting and was very significant at the age of 4-5 days after planting on the potential for seed growth, and gave very real results on the germination capacity of seeds. 2. The duration of 1 week of storage (M1) has a very significant effect on all parameters, namely the speed of seed growth, simultaneous growth of seeds, potential for seed growth and germination, while the storage time is 2 minutes (M2) and storage time is 3 minutes (M3). ), has no significant effect on all observed parameters, 3. The interaction of the two treatment factors has a very significant effect on all parameters, namely the speed of seed growth, synchronization of seed growth, potential for seed growth and germination

Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) Productivity under High Temperature Stress

High temperature stress severely interrupts the physiological and biochemical functions in plants which hinders the growth, development and productivity of cowpea. The present study evaluates the potential roles of Naphthalene Acetic Acid and Brassinolide for mitigating the adverse effects of high temperature in cowpea. The study was carried out during the year 2021 in cowpea variety CO 7 using Temperature Gradient Tunnel (TGT) located at Agro Climate Research Centre, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU), Coimbatore. The experimental design followed was Factorial Completely Randomized Design (FCRD). Different treatments were imposed on plants exposed to ambient and ambient +2oC temperature. The effect of treatments on leaf area index, photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll index and seed yield were studied. The application of brassinolide @ 0.2ppm showed a positive effect on stressed plants and produced the highest seed yield of 8.78 g plant-1.

Pengaruh Formulasi Bahan Baku dan CMC (Carboxy Methyl Cellulose) Terhadap Mutu dan Penerimaan Konsumen Susu Nabati

Nowadays, consumers tend to search for additional source of protein and energy for their dietary consumption, for instance from legumes and nuts. This trend is getting more common since the increase case of lactose intolerance. This study aims to study the effect of the formulation of materials consisting of a mixture of two or three types of nuts and the CMC (Carboxy Methyl Cellulose) on the quality characteristics of plant milk and consumer preferences towards the produced plant milk. The method used in this study was a factorial completely randomized design (FCRD). This study were used combination of two or three types of beans, namely soybeans (KK), peanuts (KT), green beans (KH). The first factor was formulation of raw materials (K1 = 50% KK: 50% KT: 0% KH, K2 = 50 % KK: 0% KT: 50% KH, K3 = 0% KK: 50% KT: 50% KH, and K4 = 33.3% KK: 33.3% KT: 33.3% KH). In addition, CMC was used as a stabilizer by treating different concentrations of CMC (C1 = 0.20% and C2 = 0.40%). Anova continued with DMRT0.05 determined that plant milk with the best treatment is K1C2 with the formulation of 50% peanut: 50% soybean and the addition of 0.4% CMC. The KIC2 treatment had values: protein content 3.87%, fat content 14.74%, pH 6.62, total dissolved solids 11.47oBrix. For consumer acceptance with RATA (Rate All That Apply) method, researchers found out that K1C2 has milky white color (89% of respondents), peanut aroma flavour (78% respondents), sweet (48%) and savory (37%) taste, thick and homogenous texture (44% respondents) with overall hedonic liking 3.11 or neutral. Protein content, fat content, and pH of vegetable milk meet the quality requirements of soy milk based on SNI No. 01-3830-1995.