Multiple Correspondence Factorial Analysis Research Articles

Characterization and typology of guinea pig breeding in the Department of Menoua-Western Region, Cameroon.

A survey was carried out on 356 breeders in the Department of the Menoua Region of West Cameroon to characterize guinea pig breeding systems, using descriptive analysis, factorial analysis of multiple correspondences (AFCM), and upward hierarchical classification (CAH). Three types of guinea pig breeders have been identified, discriminated according to the size of the herd and the professional character of the breeding. Most of the housing systems were of the traditional type, free-ranging on the ground. Feed generally was based on fodders and food residues, and hygiene conditions were considered as good. The main difficulties faced by the farmers were mortalities resulting from diseases and predation. Guinea pig breeding was considered a source of income for households. Sales were year-round, at age-related prices. Development of guinea pig breeding in Cameroon would require better-addressing breeding techniques and the creation of economic interest groups to strengthen food security allowed by this activity.

Typology of dairy camel farms in the Ouargla region

This research aims to analyze the camel production systems in the Ouargla region of the Algerian Sahara. Questionnaires were used to collect data from 70 camel farmers, focusing on aspects like the breeders' socioeconomic status, herd structure and composition, breeding management, and the products and income derived from dromedaries. Through the application of multiple correspondence factorial analysis (MCA), principal correspondence analysis (PCA) and hierarchical ascendant classification (HAC), a typology was established. The findings revealed that meat production farming was predominant, while dairy camel farming systems demonstrated substantial economic and social significance. They are an agro-pastoral output and may therefore be a model for sustainable dairy camel farming, especially in arid regions.

Effect of sensory marketing in Consumer behavior during the Act of purchase: a case study of supermarkets

Today, engaging the public’s feelings appears to be a new spearhead for some companies, but practitioners have realized the value of using sensory marketing. The objective of this study is to discover the kinds of situations that affect consumer behavior. A survey of 75 shoppers in a busy supermarket in Antananarivo was conducted using non-probability purpose sampling. Methods such as observation, interviews, and bibliographic review were also used to develop this research paper. Multivariate analysis such as correspondence factor analysis (CFA) and Multiple correspondence factorial analysis (MCA) were the main tools to explore the variables. The results showedthat music gives a feeling of pleasure and satisfaction to consumers. Taste is the best way to get buyers to consume more. Tactile marketing creates a positive behavioural reaction in consumers and visual marketing improve their well-being. The findings provided contribute to the improvement of a strategy to better engage consumers in supermarkets.

Phenotypic and morphometric characterization of the various strains of quail raised in Algeria

Since the absence of studies dealing with the genetic biodiversity and phenotypical description of different breeds of quails in Algeria, we have initialized this work in order to investigate and to contribute in a characterization of the quails in some states. A total of 206 adult quails, distributed in 09 regions in Algeria from which 11 morphometric measurements and 11 phenotypic characters were selected for this study. The measurements Lie (wing length), Lq (tail length), Lc (neck length), Dg (big finger), Dm (medium finger), Dp (small finger), Lt (total length), Lts (tarsus length), Ab (abdomen), Lgp (chest width), Lbe (beak length), W (weight). A multiple correspondence factorial analysis was performed on the phenotypic characteristics, and reveals two main component that constitute 19.61% and 13.41% of inertia, percentages respectively related to the length of wing, of the tail, of neck, big finger, middle finger, little finger, the total length of abdomen, of the tarsal width, width of the chest, the length of the beak and weight. This analysis has made it possible to establish remarkable phenotypic differences which have implications to be taken into consideration in the characterization and conservation program of the species. We have found that the sex has no effect on the measurements parameters, except the weight. However, the effect pf the strain may have some differences on the morphometric measurements studied. Finally, it should be noted that the present work of morphometric characterization of high quail strains in Algeria deserves to be continued and developed in the future, based on the determination of zootechnical performances (productive and reproductive) of these strains, and also the preservation of this genetic heritage deemed important.

Determinants of the Adoption of Dashboards in SMEs

The objective of this research is to highlight the factors driving the structural and behavioural contingencies to the adoption of dashboards by small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Cameroonian context. Using data collected from 314 SMEs, we conducted an exploratory analysis, in order to investigate the factors that could have an influence on the use of dashboards and a multiple correspondence factorial analysis in order to identify the characteristics of SMEs using dashboards. On the other hand, a binary logistic regression was done to unveil the factors that stand behind the usage of dashboards in Cameroonian SMEs. Our findings indicate that the formal nature of the SME, the power delegation, the presence of an experienced leader, the pressure of foreign competition, the age of the company, the use of follow-up software in organizational processes and the implementation of a system to reward the employees when they achieve positive results, are the factors that enable the adoption of the dashboard.

Implementación del enfoque de competencias en la formación de profesores de secundaria en Chile:

En América Latina, y particularmente en Chile, se observa que los currículos de formación profesional docente están siendo formulados según el modelo por competencias. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar las creencias y disposiciones de los formadores de profesores de matemáticas hacia el desarrollo y evaluación de competencias matemáticas específicas. Mediante una metodología mixta de profundización, se elaboró un cuestionario (validado por juicio de experto y prueba piloto) aplicado a una muestra censal de 56 formadores de 25 carreras de Pedagogía en Educación Media en Matemáticas de Chile, que estuvieran realizando docencia en cursos de primer año de la carrera. La reducción de categorías se realizó mediante el análisis factorial de correspondencias múltiples. Los resultados muestran que los formadores valoran positivamente el enfoque, no obstante, reconocen que la implementación de estrategias de evaluación desde esta mirada ha sido deficiente. Igualmente, ratifican la importancia de la coevaluación y autoevaluación como vías de regulación y autorregulación de los aprendizajes de los estudiantes. Por último, los participantes del estudio coinciden en que las asignaturas que integran saberes como álgebra, geometría, cálculo diferencial e integral, son las que más favorecen el desarrollo de competencias.

Análisis factorial de las características socioeconómicas del ganadero de las cuencas lecheras de la región Amazonas, 2009.

Análisis factorial de las características socioeconómicas del ganadero de las cuencas lecheras de la región Amazonas, 2009. Factorial analysis of the socioeconomic characteristics of the watershed dairy farmer in the Amazonas region, 2009. Elías Alberto Torres-Armas, Oscar Andrés Gamarra-Torres, Polito Michael Huayama-Sopla Lic. MsC. En Estadística, Docente Asociado TC., UNTRM Amazonas, eataunas@hotmail.com Biólogo, Docente Auxiliar TC., UNTRM Amazonas, osgat77@yahoo.com Ing. Agroindustrial, Docente, UNTRM Amazonas, polito_michael@terra.com DOI: https://doi.org/10.33017/RevECIPeru2011.0029/ RESUMEN El objetivo del presente estudio consistió en la caracterización e identificación de tipologías de ganaderos lecheros de la región Amazonas, con el propósito que estas sirvan para la generación de acciones diferenciadas de trabajo. La metodología aplicada en el presente estudio fue del tipo descriptiva, el método de investigación la encuesta social; la unidad de estudio estuvo compuesta por tres cuencas lecheras, la muestra aleatoria estratificada encuestada fueron 74 ganaderos, distribuidos por asignación proporcional en tres cuencas: Pomacochas, Leymebamba y Molinopampa. En el instrumento de recolección de la información, se consideraron aspectos tecnológicos-productivos lecheros y aspectos sociales. El procesamiento de la información se dividió en dos etapas: para la caracterización se utilizó estadística descriptiva: medias, moda y desviaciones, para la identificación de las tipologías, se recurrió al análisis factorial de correspondencias múltiples. La descripción de los ganaderos lecheros de la región Amazonas, confirmó la heterogeneidad tecnológica-productiva y social, existente entre ellos. El análisis factorial de correspondencias múltiples, permitió distinguir tres tipos de ganaderos, claramente diferenciados por la composición de sus variables. Palabras clave: análisis factorial, correspondencias múltiples, cuenca lechera. ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was the characterization and identification of tipology of farmers producing milk in dairy watershed of the Amazonas region, with the purpose of that information can be used for the generation of differential actions of work. The methodology applied in the present study was descriptive, and the research method was the social survey. The unit of study was composed by three dairy watershed, the surveyed population was 74 farmers, distributed by proportional allocation in three dairy watershed: Pomacochas, Leymebamba and Molinopampa. The survey collected information related to technological and productive features of dairy production, also some social information was collected. The analysis of the information collected was divided in two stages: for the characterization descriptive statistics were used: means and deviations of the means. For the identification of the tipology, a Factorial Analysis of Multiple Correspondences was used. The description of the dairy producers in dairy watershed of the Amazonas region, confirmed the heterogeneity of technological, productive and social features that coexist among the farmers. The Factorial Analysis of Multiple Correspondences, allowed to distinguish three types of farmers, clearly differentiated by the composition of their variables. Keywords: multiple correspondence factorial analysis, dairy watershed.

Monitoring the characteristics of cultivable halophilic microbial community during salted-ripened anchovy (Engraulis anchoita) production

The halophilic microbial community of the salted-ripened anchovy process was studied. Samples from raw materials (salt and fresh anchovies) and from the stages of brining and ripening were collected and analyzed for their bacterial counts at 15 and 20% NaCl. No halophilic colonies were found in fresh anchovy and counts of about 103 CFU/g were determined in salt samples. A fluctuation of bacterial counts during the process was found. At the end of brining, ~104 CFU/g were determined in anchovy samples and this value was reduced to not detectable counts at the beginning of the ripening stage. After one month, counts increased to ~104 CFU/g and remained stable until the end of the process.From each sample, colonies having different morphotypes were isolated and submitted to a macro and microscopic characterization, a study of salt requirement for growth, and biochemical and phenotypic tests. The results were submitted to Univariate, Bivariate and Multiple Correspondence Factorial Analysis (MCFA). A total of 79 colonies were isolated during the salting-ripening anchovy process. Among the isolates, about 40–50% was positive for indole production and lipolytic activity and a 25% showed ability to produce H2S and proteolytic capacity. Proteolytic and lipolytic activities were well balanced along the process and resulted independent from the isolation stage, which is a desirable condition due to the contribution of microbial proteolysis and lipolysis to the development of texture and final aroma, respectively. H2S and indole producers practically were not detected during ripening. This fact is important because indole and H2S are associated with the development of off-flavors and spoilage in salted fish products. MFCA and Cluster Analyses complemented the Bivariate Analyses. The factor map showed proximity between the isolates from salt samples and from ripening. Isolates were statistically clustered in two groups. Cluster 1 grouped non-desirable activities (H2S and indole production) with cultures proceeding from brining whereas Cluster 2 related isolates mainly from salt samples and during ripening with some desirable microbial capacities (Cytochrome oxidase activity and non-H2S and non-indole production). These results would indicate that during the ripening process of salted anchovies, a natural selection of beneficial microorganisms for the development of the typical product sensory attributes occurred.

Tipología influyente en el rendimiento académico de alumnos universitarios

El presente trabajo aborda un informe estadístico centrado en caracterizar el rendimiento académico de alumnos universitarios, a partir de la determinación de variables asociadas, aplicando técnicas estadísticas del Análisis Multivariado. Los análisis efectuados se basan en datos provenientes de una encuesta realizada en el año 2015, a los alumnos de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, de la Facultad de Filosofía, Humanidades y Artes de la Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Argentina. Mediante un Análisis Factorial de Correspondencias Múltiples, Análisis de Conglomerados y Análisis de Discriminación Logística, se pudieron identificar tipologías de alumnos y variables influyentes que diferencian a los alumnos según su rendimiento. Los resultados aportan herramientas que permiten realizar un válido diagnóstico para orientar de manera efectiva las intervenciones que realice la institución educativa.

Characteristics and Changes in the Mathematics Textbooks for the Secondary School in Argentina along 67 Years

This work analyses the changes in the relationship between arguing and images from the mathematics textbooks for the secondary school in Argentina (students 12-17 years old) along 67 years. The textbooks have been published in the period 1940 thru 2007. The analysis is done by (N=137) textbooks based on three meta-categories in an inductive way. These meta-categories are: characteristics of the arguing, relationship between images and arguing as well as characteristics of the textbooks (the date of publishing, the epistemological conceptions about mathematics and the educational level which the textbook is oriented). A factorial analysis of multiple correspondences was performed to find the main similarities and differences between the textbooks and to make a cluster analysis and one possible classification. The main differences are given by the changes in the epistemological conception of mathematics and in the characteristics of the images, especially in the newest edition books.

The Social Profile of Students in Basic General Education in Ecuador: A Data Analysis

The objective of this study is to examine the social profile of students who are enrolled in Basic General Education in Ecuador. Both a descriptive and multidimensional statistical analysis was carried out based on the data provided by the National Survey of Employment, Unemployment and Underemployment in 2015. The descriptive analysis shows the frequency and percentages of variables used in the investigation, and the multidimensional statistical analysis demonstrates the principal and more important criteria of differentiation and classification among the clusters of students who were investigated. These methods involve factorial analysis of multiple correspondences which demonstrate criteria of differentiation and a hierarchical cluster analysis to define clusters of students according to their common traits.

A Multidimensional Statistical Analysis of Artisans and Unskilled Workers of Ecuador

The objective of this study is to highlight the social characteristics of the unskilled workers and artisans of Ecuador through a descriptive and multidimensional statistical analysis of data from the 2015 National Survey of Employment, Unemployment and Self-employment. The descriptive statistical analysis demonstrates the frequencies and percentages of the variables of the investigation while the multidimensional statistical analysis shows the principal criteria of differentiation and classification between the groups of people surveyed. The methods involved a factorial analysis of multiple correspondences indicating the criteria of differentiation, and a statistical hierarchical analysis, which attempts to define the subjects surveyed according to their common traits.

The Social Characteristics of Postgraduate Students in Ecuador: A Multidimensional Statistical Analysis

The purpose of this study is to investigate social characteristics of postgraduate students in Ecuador. The study was conducted with the use of a descriptive and multidimensional statistical analysis, and data from the National Survey of Employment, Unemployment and Underemployment corresponding to 2015. The descriptive analysis has shown the frequencies and percentages of the variables of the research. The multidimensional statistical analysis was used in order to show the main and most important criteria of differentiation and the classification in clusters of people being studied. The methods used are the factorial analysis of multiple correspondences that presents the criteria of differentiation and the hierarchical clustering that defines the groups of people due to their common characteristics.

La Formación de Profesores de Ciencias: Descripción y análisis de posibles relaciones entre las representaciones sobre el aprendizaje de docentes y estudiantes universitarios de profesorado.

Educational changes require not only curricular changes, but also teachers' reflections on their own implicit conceptions about teaching and learning, as they determine their relationship to knowledge and their practice. This paper provides a characterization and comparison of implicit conceptions of teachers and science teaching students. A descriptive study of the variable conceptions of learning was carried out with a non-random stratified sample of 167 individuals from the National University of Mar del Plata, Argentina. Univariate descriptive analyses were performed and two multivariate statistical methods were combined: the factorial analysis of multiple correspondences and K-means method. The data shows that each individual does not maintain a single underlying theory about learning, with different simultaneous views coexisting, depending on the context.

The Educational and Social Profile of the Indigenous People of Ecuador: A Multidimensional Analysis

The objective of the study is to examine the educational level and the social profile of the indigenous people of Ecuador by means of a descriptive and multidimensional statistical analysis of this sector of the Ecuadorian population, based on data from the National Survey of Employment, Unemployment and Underemployment from 2015. The descriptive analysis shows the frequency and percentages of the variables used in the investigation, while the multidimensional statistical analysis is used in order to show the principal and most important criteria of differentiation and classification among the groups of people investigated. These methods involve a factorial analysis of multiple correspondences which demostrates the criteria of differentiation and a hierarchical cluster analysis to define groups of people according to their common traits.

Typology Of Cattle Herds In Transhumance In The Classified Forest Of Upper Alibori Northern Benin

To characterize the cattle herds in transhumance in the classified forest of upper Alibori (CFUA) north of Benin, an investigation of 132 cattle herds with a total of 11,020 head was carried out. Using the methods of factorial analysis of multiple correspondences (FAMC) and ascending hierarchical classification (AHC), a typology of four types of transhumant cattle herds were established. Cattle herds of type 1 (17.5% of the sample) were riparian of CFUA. They were led by young herdsmen (17 ± 3 years), all parents of herds’ managers to whom they use to make all decisions concerning these herds whose average size is low (44 ± 20 head). Type 2 cattle herds (28.8% of the sample) were from the neighboring commons of CFUA and were led by two relatively young herdsmen (26 ± 3 years) and mostly parents of herds’ managers with which they conferred to make decisions. These herds had an average size of 94 ± 20 head. The third type (43.9% of the sample) consisted of transhumant herds from distant commons, passing through the CFUA towards other protected areas. They had a high size (112 ± 13 head) and were conducted by two relatively young herdsmen (31 ± 4 years) and mostly parents of herds’ managers. Decisions were taken by the herds’ managers sometimes in consultation with the herdsmen. The migratory herds of type 4 (9.8% of the sample) from neighboring countries. They went through the CFUA towards protected areas further south with a very high size (144 ± 15 head). These herds were conducted generally by two or three herdsmen whose average age was 36 ± 4 years and were heavily involved in decision making in consultation with the herds’ managers. The typology implementation will allow us to analyze the different transhumance management modes in the CFUA.

Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of Hepatitis B in the Urban District Health Baskuy Burkina Faso

Few studies have been conducted on the epidemiology in pregnancy in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to improve the care of pregnant women infected with hepatitis B virus (VHB) and their newborns in the urban district health. Method: This study was conducted from 01/09/2014 to 01/09/2015. Study involved three types of data collection: a collection of data from health facilities involved in the project; repeated cross-sectional survey among health personnel; a pros- pective study of pregnant women identified positive for HBsAg and followed at the University Hospital Yalgado Ouedraogo (CHU-YO). Knowledge assessment was made among health staff and pregnant women using a knowledge score. Construction of the score came after a factorial analysis of multiple correspondences on population health workers surveyed in the first round (N = 119) on one hand and all pregnant women (N = 266) on the other hand. This had identified among the 79/19 questions, those that discriminated best knowledge of paramedics and pregnant women. For pregnant women, this score was then dichotomized from the center and logistic regression was performed to determine the sociodemographic, medical and obstetric characteristics that influenced it (p value < 005). Results: Health staff had been surveyed twice (N = 119/100). In general, the level of knowledge was good on targeted knowledge, both before and after training. No health worker routinely offered screening for hepatitis B among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics. Altogether 266 pregnant women HBsAg-positive were referred and followed CHU-YO. Half of the patients had a score lower than 2/17. Univariate analysis showed that variables such as education level influenced significantly the level of knowledge. Women with higher levels of education had a higher level of knowledge about the disease, compared to those of primary level [OR = 1.63; [1.34 to 1.99], p value < 0,001]. Newborns during the study period numbered 128 and the vaccine was made in the first 24 hours of life for 83.6% of them. Conclusion: routine screening for infection with VHB during pregnancy and improved knowledge of mothers is strongly reco- mmended in Burkina Faso.

Horticulture In Cordoba, Argentina: Contributions To The Definition Of Groups Occupationally Exposed To Pesticides

Introduction: Horticulture is an activity of high occupational risk. In Argentina there is a lack of studies focusing this problem. Increasing efforts are carried out by authorities and scientists to address the precarious conditions of life and work and the exacerbated use of pesticides in horticulture. Objective: Define groups of horticultural workers in the green belt of Córdoba (Argentina) and identify vulnerability traits to pesticide exposure. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted by surveying 101 horticulturists, investigating social, demographic, productive and labor aspects. Two Factorial Analysis of Multiple Correspondences allowed visualize the distribution and covariance of modalities and establish typologies of individuals, based first, on an initial set of variables and then, incorporating other variables identified as relevant from the descriptive analysis. Software SPAD N V3.5 was used. Results: Different characteristics in vulnerability traits toward pesticide exposure were described between horticulturists groups. 1. Those subjects using backpack to apply pesticides, those who sprayed with a wide variety of these, work in small production units and live in the same place where they work; 2. Accidents caused by the use of pesticides were associated to subjects handling a large number of pesticides and works in small production units; 3. Less association resulted in young workers who use a high number of pesticides. The second analysis identified: 1. Horticulturists with less seniority in the use of pesticides, more than 20 years of seniority in the job, more than 50 years old, and those who were married; 2. Those using backpack, using between 21-30 different pesticides, live in the same place where they work and are owners/tenants; 3. Those working in horticulture over 20 years ago and Argentinean nationality. Conclusions: This characterization identifies attributes vulnerability to pesticide exposure in certain horticulturists groups.

Morphological characterization of the Rembi sheep population in the Tiaret area (West of Algeria)

Morphological characterization of Rembi breed was carried out from the study of 3 representative herds. Ewes (41) and rams (13) with an average age of 4.30 ± 1.48 years were recorded for their live weight and 21 morphological measures with qualitative characters. Differences between sexes were revealed for several measures, whereas no differences were revealed between regions. A factorial analysis of multiple correspondences was performed on the morphological measures and revealed two main principal components accounting for 36.85 and 18.63 % of the inertia, being related to the color of the head (face and neck), neck and legs, the presence and absence of horns and sex. The cluster analysis allowed establishing differences with relevant implications to be taken into account for the breed conservation programme.

Caracterizacion y analisis de la variabilidad genética de la granadilla (Passiflora ligularis juss.) en Colombia empleando marcadores microsatélites

La granadilla es la segunda especie en importancia económica del género Passiflora y Colombia es el principal productor del mundo con 53.000 t/año. Son pocos los estudios sobre la diversidad intraespecifica en la especie que permitan establecer las relaciones genéticas entre individuos. El objetivo de esta investigación fue explorar la variabilidad genética de la granadilla cultivada en Colombia por medio de marcadores microsatélites. Diez marcadores microsatélites fueron evaluados en 41 accesiones (82 individuos) provenientes de los principales departamentos productores. Un total de cinco microsatélites fueron amplificados con 66 alelos identificados y un promedio de 12,2, entre ellos 7 únicos y 13 raros. Los índices de diversidad mostraron un contenido de información polimórfica de 0,74 (PIC), y una heterocigocidad promedio observada (Ho) y esperada (He) de 0,98 y 0,96 bajo condiciones de equilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg. La distancia genética promedio dentro y entre poblaciones fue de 0,65 y 0,80, siendo Boyacá, Valle del Cauca y Putumayo los más distantes (&gt;0,87). Los análisis de clasificación arbórea (nj) y factorial de correspondencia múltiple (AFCM) revelaron poca estructuración geográfica de las accesiones y dispersión de los individuos de un mismo origen. La carencia de estructuración y la alta variabilidad intraespecífica podría explicarse por el fenómeno de alogamia presente en la especie y el intercambio de semillas entre productores. En conclusión, estos resultados sugieren una evaluación agromorfológica complementaria que permita establecer la variabilidad genética total e implementar un programa de mejoramiento genético por medio de la selección asistida de genotipos superiores en búsqueda de cultivares más productivos y resistentes a problemas fitosanitarios que afectan los cultivos.