Abstract
The objective of the study is to examine the educational level and the social profile of the indigenous people of Ecuador by means of a descriptive and multidimensional statistical analysis of this sector of the Ecuadorian population, based on data from the National Survey of Employment, Unemployment and Underemployment from 2015. The descriptive analysis shows the frequency and percentages of the variables used in the investigation, while the multidimensional statistical analysis is used in order to show the principal and most important criteria of differentiation and classification among the groups of people investigated. These methods involve a factorial analysis of multiple correspondences which demostrates the criteria of differentiation and a hierarchical cluster analysis to define groups of people according to their common traits.
Highlights
From last third of the twentieth century, the implementation of policies addressing the extension of specific literacy programs and campaigns in Ecuador have resulted in the reduction of illiteracy throughout the country
In the following decades, and despite a continuous descent in the number of illiterate Ecuadorians, there is still a high level of illiteracy among Ecuadorians of indigenous and African descent compared to the level of illiteracy among the mestizo population
As Ponce (2003) and Torres (2005) have shown in their respective studies, even during the first few years of the twenty first century, elevated rates of illiteracy among Indigenous peoples and Afro-Ecuadorians continued to exist despite these efforts on the part of the Ecuadorian government to reduce illiteracy in the general population
Summary
From last third of the twentieth century, the implementation of policies addressing the extension of specific literacy programs and campaigns in Ecuador have resulted in the reduction of illiteracy throughout the country. In the following decades, and despite a continuous descent in the number of illiterate Ecuadorians, there is still a high level of illiteracy among Ecuadorians of indigenous and African descent compared to the level of illiteracy among the mestizo population. As Ponce (2003) and Torres (2005) have shown in their respective studies, even during the first few years of the twenty first century, elevated rates of illiteracy among Indigenous peoples and Afro-Ecuadorians continued to exist despite these efforts on the part of the Ecuadorian government to reduce illiteracy in the general population. The Republic of Ecuador is a multi-ethnic, multi-cultural country made up of diverse indigenous nationalities, mestizos and Ecuadorians of African descent. Given the scope of this study, this article will only be looking at the social and educational transformation of the indigenous peoples of Ecuador
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