Facility Management Processes Research Articles

Asset Information Model Management-Based GIS/BIM Integration in Facility Management Contract

Achieving efficiency success status inside an organization’s built environment and obtaining a positive return on investments need robust and comprehensive asset management and maintenance processes based on the efficiency of contract information documents within the built asset lifecycle. This paper aims to highlight the appropriate interactive approach for construction projects to build the information flow scope of asset facility management contracts based on GIS (Geographical Information System) and BIM (Building Information Modeling) integration processes and sustainability standards, and project as-built contractual documents to support owners and stakeholders with the intent of improving asset management processes. Expert interviews and contract information flow types in several facility management processes conducted in both local and international facility management organizations were used to assist the information flow scope method. The study classified and built significant integrated information and data flow models for a case study to serve as contract guidelines, including efficiency performance measures and indicators for monitoring procedures, technical evaluation, and financial issues in order to provide high-performance service quality in facility management applications.

ANALISIS DESAIN SISTEM PENDATAAN FASILITAS DI PROGRAM STUDI UNIVERSITAS


 
 
 The research aims to analyze and design a campus facility management application system for the digital business program for students. The background of this research is the importance of having an efficient and integrated system to manage campus facilities in the context of the digital business program. The objectives of this study are to identify key issues in campus facility management, design a system that meets the needs of the digital business program, and test the successful implementation of the system. The research methodology includes system requirement analysis through primary and secondary data collection, identification and documentation of campus facility management processes, and system requirement analysis. The system design approach used is the Waterfall method, with sequential and structured development steps, incorporating several techniques: (1) use case diagrams and scenarios, (2) Sequence diagrams, (3) Activity diagrams. The results of this research include an integrated system design, including database design, intuitive user interface, and features such as facility registration, reservation, and availability monitoring. The system also allows students to submit repair requests and report facility damages. This research concludes that by implementing a facility management application system, the digital business program for students can be more efficient in managing campus facilities. This system enables real-time monitoring of facility availability, speeds up the reservation process, and improves responsiveness to repair requests.
 
 

Revenue Potentials of Outsourcing of Event Facilities in Higher Institutions: Case Study of the Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

University communities are expected to be of multiple activities, requiring the provision of facilities that are expected to service them. Facilities of all kinds are meant to be updated to meet the challenges of the time, thus facilities management as a practical activity, stand for the coordination of all efforts related to planning, designing and managing buildings and their systems, equipment and furniture to enhance an organization’s ability to compete successfully in rapidly changing world. Accordingly, most of the facilities attached to university communities were planned to serve one particular purpose or the other and are therefore reserved for specified purposes. With the ongoing decline in the funding of universities, particularly in Nigeria, there is a need for a gainful and commercialized management of these facilities, especially event facilities, through outsourced facilities management to enhance their ability to compete and attract patronage from within and outside the university community, with a view to augmenting government’s efforts through the creation of internally generated revenue. This study aims to examine the in-house facility management process and evaluated the necessity of outsourced commercialization of Event Facilities in the Rivers State University, Port Harcourt. In-depth interviews sessions held with stake holders through Focus Groups meetings highlighted challenges created by the shortcomings of the regulated management system. The paper thus concludes by suggesting some recommendations that might be of help to overcome the identified challenges.

Further Analysis on Risk Management and Solutions to Improve Productivity and Safety in Construction Sector - and Environment Protection Law in Construction Activities

The improvement of construction and facilities management processes aims to increase efficiency, save costs and reduce environmental damages. This industry currently experiences injuries, death and diseases. The purpose of this study is to present FURTHER ANALYSIS ON RISK MANAGEMENT and SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVE PRODUCTIVITY AND SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION SECTOR. Methodology: Authors use statistics, qualitative analysis including synthesis and inductive methods in this paper. Findings: we need to propose both risk reduction and risk prevention strategies as well as build various risk models. Originality values: Therefore It means that we need to reduce those risks to serve for development of projects in a safety concept. Last but not least, selecting qualified human resources and preparing good financial budget for each projects is among vital factors to improve productivity of these projects. The research boosts this vital sector – construction industry, raising productivity and enhancing construction performance through increasing efficiency deriving from the use of immersive technologies.

Development of a Campus Facility Management Operational Framework Using a Modified Delphi Method

An effective facility management process is crucial to overall firm performance and is becoming a core competency for organizations seeking to gain a competitive advantage. The recent literature on facility management reveals that poor facility management is a major cause of management inefficiency, leading directly to budget overruns, maintenance delays, repetition of work, variations, noncompliance incidents, unnecessary risk, and dissatisfied customers. Therefore, facility management firms should pay close attention to the most critical success factors in order to effectively manage and measure performance. This paper presents a multidimensional campus facility management performance framework (CFMPF) that addresses both operational and systematic factors. Facility management companies, owners, contractors, and consultants can use this framework to identify systemic weaknesses using key indicators to specifically assess the effectiveness and success of facility management. The significance of 45 key facility management success factors across seven categories was determined via a literature review, expert interviews, and the Delphi method. The seven process groups are: Campus Facility Work Force Management, Campus Facility Communication Management, Campus Facility Systems Management, Campus Facility Organizational Management, Campus Facility Financial Management, Campus Sustainability & Environment Management, and Campus Facility Assets Management. To verify the overall agreement via the Delphi rounds, the score percentage and standard deviation to mean ratio were examined. Mean value and interrater agreement (IRA) analyses were conducted to evaluate the correlation between the factors and facility performance. This research adds to the body of knowledge by presenting a systematic operational framework for campus facility management that identifies the underlying factors influencing performance and fills the gaps left by previous studies.

Choosing by Advantages Application Areas in Facilities Management: A Literature Review

Choosing by Advantages (CBA) is a new generation decision-making method utilized mainly in lean construction, sustainable design, methods and materials selections for the last two decades. The value-based approach of CBA considers cost as a constraint and uses the advantages of the decision alternatives for preference, choice, and ranking. This approach can benefit facilities management (FM) processes that are challenged with cost and budget dominance in decision-making. This study conducted a comprehensive literature review about CBA revealing the benefits of and areas for improvement in the method while also investigating the possible application areas of CBA in FM practices. The review covered 67 relevant studies in the CBA topic area over the last two decades and identified the research clusters of these articles, focusing on studies that utilized CBA beyond the scope of Lean Construction. Moreover, the review revealed areas for improvement of CBA, such as the lack of structure in the Importance of Advance (IoA) scale, minimizing bias in stakeholder consensus, and considering weights and/or prioritization in decision factors. In addition to increasing awareness of the CBA method, this study identified areas where CBA has the potential to benefit; building maintenance decision-making, capital project planning, prioritization, procurement, buy vs. lease analysis, lease type and site selection, and resource and personnel allocation in FM practices.

Discussion of digital transition impact on the facility management sector applied to healthcare buildings.

Since 2020, the rapid global spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has generated unprecedented impacts on the management of hospital buildings, namely: (i) providing space for patients, medical staff, and equipment storage, (ii) imposition of limitations on access by the teams responsible for managing the building, (iii) adapting the space and its functionality quickly, (iv) ensuring continuous control of air quality and adequate ventilation of spaces, (v) development of digital tools for management, and (vi) assets monitoring in real-time. In addition, hospital buildings facilities’ deterioration rate is typically higher than in other buildings, enhanced by the fact that these facilities are open 24 hours a day, year-round. Thus, facilities management (FM) assumes a vital role in the future of healthcare facilities. FM is expected to grow at a 5% annual rate for 2021-2028, representing an acceleration of the industry at a global level. Furthermore, Industry 4.0 may positively impact the FM processes. As a new industrial revolution, providing a set of new approaches and tools will increase the efficiency of operations, significantly impacting the potential of optimization. These trends can improve planning and management of scope, costs, environment, and safety in the value chain of projects and assets, thus creating a more resilient and sustainable industry. Based on a literature review, this paper contributes to the discussion of the questions: How can the digital transition improve the management of the operation and maintenance of infrastructure in healthcare facilities? What is the legacy for FM teams in this post-COVID-19 management of hospital buildings?

Sustainable digitalisation and implementation of ISO standards for facilities management

PurposeThis viewpoint paper aims to discuss sustainable digitalisation of facilities management (FM) through the implementation of the newly recognised International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards within the ISO 41000 series.Design/methodology/approachThis viewpoint paper provides a review of the literature of the recent ISO documents and academic study. The content is also dependent on the authors’ opinions and interpretation.FindingsFM is currently shifting emphasis towards a strategic focus through the adoption of the new recognised international ISO standards that consider sustainable digitalisation in business decisions. However, the FM sector is encountering potential risks to the implementation of the new recognised international ISO standards. Digitalisation is one kind of force that has shaped the management of the built environment and FM recently and rapidly, especially in the Covid-19 period. This is impacting the FM industry. As standardisation aims at establishing a constantly evolving baseline of proven practices, standardisation can be considered a part of sustainable FM. It is believed that standardised and strategic level support is crucial for the smooth adoption of sustainable FM practices and processes. Standards such as the ISO standards, applied to the global FM industry, help in objectively quantifying the added value of FM to the core business. Advanced technology and digitalisation can contribute to the sustainability of any profession and industry, but it also requires a community to tackle the problems.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the FM industry by making recommendations for improvement in the use of digitalisation. In summary, the significant finding of this viewpoint paper is that digitalisation offers both possibilities and problems in the application of the new recognised international ISO standards within the FM industry.

Digital Twin–Based Health Care Facilities Management

Health care ensures the health and safety of people, and as such requires effective management of facilities. Unfortunately, current approaches to health care facilities management (HFM) are based on an “if it breaks, we fix it” approach. There is still no effective real-time monitoring of health care facilities, causing a lack of effective preventive maintenance. We propose digital twin (DT), which can monitor equipment and systems in real time and enable bidirectional coordination, to address the shortcomings of current health care facilities management processes. DT is the virtual representation of a physical asset in all instances and in real time. This study aims to identify the shortcomings in HFM and propose a DT prototype to improve HFM. The study adopts a mixed methodology including a literature review, a case study integrating interviews, and scenario planning. The study identified basic DT concepts and data dynamics. The study identified the adopted DT components including virtual design/modeling technologies, sensors, data analytics techniques, communication networks, and mobile devices, including the components integration and data flow management of the DT platform. Functional implementations for scenario deployment were also developed. The functional implementations addressed the following scenarios: monitoring the performance of the HVAC system using pressure criteria, monitoring indoor air quality (IAQ), monitoring the performance of pulsed light for deactivating bacteria and viruses and radio frequency (RF), as they affect the performance of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machine. This paper concludes by highlighting the benefits and limitations of DT application in health care facilities management.

BIM-CAREM: Assessing the BIM capabilities of design, construction and facilities management processes in the construction industry

BIM adoption has accelerated worldwide since it is an important enabling technology for digitalisation in the construction industry. Adopting BIM requires transforming the traditional building life cycle stages (planning, design, construction and facilities management) into BIM-integrated project deliveries. Assessing the BIM capabilities of these stages helps organisations to identify gaps in their BIM uses and improve them. There is a lack of a comprehensive model in the literature for assessing the BIM capabilities of individual building life cycle stages and their processes. Existing assessment models focus on assessing the BIM maturity of construction projects and organisations which do not inform the required BIM improvements for individual stages and their processes. Hence, we iteratively developed the Building Information Modelling (BIM) Capability Assessment REference Model (BIM-CAREM) and demonstrated its usability through multiple explanatory case studies performed with two international design and engineering companies and two general contractors in Turkey. We assessed the BIM capabilities of design, construction and facility management processes of various buildings i.e. residential, stadiums, hospitals and airports. The results showed that the BIM capability levels of design, construction and facility management processes vary within and across the companies.

Building information modelling facilities management (BIMFM) coordination for digital construction project

PurposeThis study aims to leverage the implementation of building information modelling (BIM) in facilities management (FM), and thus the integration of BIM and FM are explored. It looks at identifying the information needed to implement BIM application in FM, to determine the level of implementation of BIMFM as well as to recommend BIMFM application mapping for building life cycle.Design/methodology/approachThis study applied qualitative methodology, upon which a purposive sampling to 16 interviewees were conducted among professionals involved in any BIM, FM, BIMFM projects. Final analysis was conducted using thematical analysis by ATLAS.ti software.FindingsThe types of information required to implement BIMFM range from managerial information, commercial information, technical information and all full life cycle data. The implementation of BIMFM is agreed as beneficial, as it builds up efficiency of building performance, able to close gap of loses information, helps to improve FM in terms of data management, mitigates the problems, identifies priority defects and to enhance the FM processes. Respondents also believed that the causes where there is no implementation of BIMFM is in the situations where things are in order and when it becomes very expensive.Originality/valueThis paper has managed to gather the essential elements toward leveraging the implementation of BIMFM in digital construction project which are in the means of information types, the needs of BIMFM implementation and towards the end drawing the BIMFM implementation plan framework that could be used as a reference for the practitioners and industry.

Benefits and Challenges of Integrating IoT, VR & AR in the BIM-based Facility Management Process: Literature and Case-based Analysis

Benefits and Challenges of Integrating IoT, VR & AR in the BIM-based Facility Management Process: Literature and Case-based Analysis

Application of Deep Learning Approach for the Classification of Buildings’ Degradation State in a BIM Methodology

Currently, there is extensive research focused on automatic strategies for the segmentation and classification of 3D point clouds, which can accelerate the study of a landmark and integrate it with heterogeneous data and attributes, useful to facilitate the digital management of architectural heritage data. In this work, an automated image-based survey has been exploited a Region- Based Convolutional Neural Network. The training phase has been executed providing examples of images with the anomalies to be detected. At the same time, a laser scanning process was conducted to obtain a point cloud, which acts as a reference for the BIM process. In a final step, a process of projecting information from the images onto the BIM recreates the pathology shapes on the model’s objects, which generates a decision support system for the built environment. The innovation of this research concerns the development of a workflow in which it is possible to automatize the recognition and classification of defects in historical buildings, to finally interpolate this geometric and numerical information with a BIM methodology, obtaining a representation and quantification of the information adapted to the facility management process. The use of innovative techniques such as artificial intelligence algorithms and different plug-ins becomes the main strength of this project.

Facilitating Patient-Centric Thinking in Hospital Facility Management: A Case of Pharmaceutical Inventory

Conventional hospital facility management (FM) focuses on reasonably allocating various resources to support core healthcare services from the perspectives of the FM department and hospital. However, since patients are the main service targets of hospitals, the patients’ demographic and hospitalization information can be integrated to support the patient-centric facility management, aiming at a higher level of patient satisfaction with respect to the hospital environment and services. Taking the pharmaceutical services in hospital inpatient departments as the case, forecasting the pharmaceutical demands based on the admitted patients’ information contributes to not only better logistics management and cost containment, but also to securing the medical requirements of individual patients. In patient-centric facility management, the pharmacy inventory is regarded as the combination of medical resources that are reserved and allocated to each admitted patient. Two forecasting models are trained to predict the inpatients’ total medical requirement at the beginning of the hospitalization and rectify the patients’ length of stay after early treatment. Specifically, once a patient is admitted to the hospital, certain amounts of medical resources are reserved, according to the inpatient’s gender, age, diagnosis, and their preliminary expected days in the hospital. The allocated inventory is updated after the early treatment by rectifying the inpatient’s estimated length of stay. The proposed procedure is validated using medical data from eighteen hospitals in a Chinese city. This study facilitates the integration of patient-related information with the conventional FM processes and demonstrates the potential improvement in patients’ satisfaction with better hospital logistics and pharmaceutical services.

Reality Model-Based Facility Management Framework for Existing Building

Facility management (FM) is the most extended phase of the entire life cycle of buildings and incurs the highest expenses. However, limited quality drawings and historical data make information flow more complicated for many existing buildings and lead to inefficient FM. This research proposes a systematic and comprehensive reality point cloud model-based framework to support the FM process with feasible visual data collection. Specifically, this framework covers an end-to-end workflow of using a reality model to implement FM strategies, including visual data capture process for generating a reality model; FM information attachment in a reality model for issue queries; and information flow for issue tracking. The resulting reality model captures with critical and necessary FM data input can be used as an asset information model (AIM). We have also defined stakeholders' responsibilities in implementing FM and how the data are transferred, updated, and used within a reality point cloud-based AIM by stakeholders. The framework is evaluated by interviewing FM experts, and the results demonstrate that implementing the framework could improve the FM process's efficiency by using reality models.

A Review of Building Information Modelling (BIM) for Facility Management (FM): Implementation in Public Organisations

Building Information Modelling (BIM) has been extensively studied and applied within the AEC sector, particularly in design and construction. In recent years, Facility Management (FM) processes are becoming more digitalised, thus requiring effective BIM-FM integration. BIM adoption in many countries, such as the UK, Italy and Brazil, has been publicly driven. Generally, adoption was targeted at design and construction implementation, with little effort in framing public action for FM implementation. The lack of an integrated approach for BIM-FM implementation resulted in numerous bespoken implementation approaches that mimic the private sector and hinder knowledge exchange. Therefore, there is a need for assessing and amalgamating knowledge about BIM-FM for public organisations. This research aims to leverage knowledge about BIM-FM in the public domain by analysing and classifying articles published between 2010–2021. The research was carried out through a systematic review and comparative thematic analysis investigating the use of BIM for different public buildings (e.g., schools and hospitals) and the implementation for FM purposes. Research results outline prevalent trends and areas of research from three perspectives: people, process and technology. Results show an increasing number of publications about BIM-FM. However, the divide between BIM-FM for public and private organisations is unequal. BIM-FM research for public organisations is still limited and lacks standardisation. This state-of-the-art review makes an incremental contribution to knowledge by identifying progress, gaps and new industry directions on the subject matter.

Determination of Business Intelligence and Analytics-Based Healthcare Facility Management Key Performance Indicators

The use of digital technologies such as Internet of Things (IoT) and smart meters induces a huge data stack in facility management (FM). However, the use of data analysis techniques has remained limited to converting available data into information within activities performed in FM. In this context, business intelligence and analytics (BI&A) techniques can provide a promising opportunity to elaborate facility performance and discover measurable new FM key performance indicators (KPIs) since existing KPIs are too crude to discover actual performance of facilities. Beside this, there is no comprehensive study that covers BI&A activities and their importance level for healthcare FM. Therefore, this study aims to identify healthcare FM KPIs and their importance levels for the Turkish healthcare FM industry with the use of the AHP integrated PROMETHEE method. As a result of the study, ninety-eight healthcare FM KPIs, which are categorized under six categories, were found. The comparison of the findings with the literature review showed that there are some similarities and differences between countries’ FM healthcare ranks. Within this context, differences between countries can be related to the consideration of limited FM KPIs in the existing studies. Therefore, the proposed FM KPIs under this study are very comprehensive and detailed to measure and discover healthcare FM performance. This study can help professionals perform more detailed building performance analyses in FM. Additionally, findings from this study will pave the way for new developments in FM software and effective use of available data to enable lean FM processes in healthcare facilities.

Investigation of Facilities Management Implementation Process for Malaysian State Mosque

The mosque has been a focal point of Islam since its inception, serving as a place of worship, a centre of education, economic pursuits, communal services, and spirituality. However, due to a variety of causes, the scope of mosque functions has been constrained as the world has developed rapidly. In summary, congregational capacity and facilities relating to hygiene, safety, and space utilisation are among the problems being closely examined in Malaysia. Based on the problems, the subject of mosque management's competencies that need to be improved in order to become more professional arises. Reviews of literature suggested that facilities management (FM) approach has the potential to be incorporated in the management of mosque. The purpose of this study is to examine the implementation of FM process in mosque in supporting the achievement of mosque’s functions. A quantitative approach was adopted in this study. The implementation of FM process from 12 state mosques in Peninsular Malaysia were investigated using questionnaire survey which distributed among the mosque management that manage mosque facilities. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the questionnaire survey data with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Results from the questionnaire survey revealed that, 50 per cent of the mosque has implemented most of the FM process model elements whereas other mosque still need further improvement to ensure the standards of FM process model is achieved. The results indicated that there is potential for improvement in mosque that possesses low position in implementing elements of FM process model that includes FM formulation strategy, requirement analysis of services, FM solutions development, FM solutions implementation and monitoring service provision. The finding could assist the top management level of the mosque in strategising the implementation action plan of mosque facilities management.

A Digital Twin Decision Support System for the Urban Facility Management Process.

The ever increasing pace of IoT deployment is opening the door to concrete implementations of smart city applications, enabling the large-scale sensing and modeling of (near-)real-time digital replicas of physical processes and environments. This digital replica could serve as the basis of a decision support system, providing insights into possible optimizations of resources in a smart city scenario. In this article, we discuss an extension of a prior work, presenting a detailed proof-of-concept implementation of a Digital Twin solution for the Urban Facility Management (UFM) process. The Interactive Planning Platform for City District Adaptive Maintenance Operations (IPPODAMO) is a distributed geographical system, fed with and ingesting heterogeneous data sources originating from different urban data providers. The data are subject to continuous refinements and algorithmic processes, used to quantify and build synthetic indexes measuring the activity level inside an area of interest. IPPODAMO takes into account potential interference from other stakeholders in the urban environment, enabling the informed scheduling of operations, aimed at minimizing interference and the costs of operations.

Developing a Conceptual Model for Strategic Knowledge Sharing of Facilities Management Protocol (FMP)

The aim of this paper is to identify a key dimension of knowledge sharing strategy to improve Facilities Management Process of Protocol (FMP) in achieving facilities management organization performance. It investigates the key dimension of facilities management protocol strategy that can be adopted by the Facilities Management organizations and examines the problem related to IBS during the operational stages of maintenance management. An analysis of previous research provides an insight of the relationship between the IBS attribute and Facilities Management Protocol (FMP) component that can proposed a significant variable to improve the FM performance to solve problem related maintenance for IBS building. The review shows that a factor related to FM Protocol such as ‘operate and optimize facility’, ‘monitor and record facility condition’, ‘implement schedule maintenance work’, ‘manage inventory and spare part’, and ‘supervised vendor work’ was identified as a key dimension for FMP strategy to improve FM performance. Meanwhile a factor such as ‘diagnosing tools and assessment’, ‘systematic procurement procedure’, ‘complementary IBS input and information document’ and ‘handing over document’ was classified as a key factor to improve FM performance through adopting knowledge sharing strategy. This paper suggests that through improvement of each factor, the recognition of the whole strategic approach process in FMP can be increase thus helping to strengthen the facilities management organization for competitive advantages.