Abstract
Building Information Modelling (BIM) has been extensively studied and applied within the AEC sector, particularly in design and construction. In recent years, Facility Management (FM) processes are becoming more digitalised, thus requiring effective BIM-FM integration. BIM adoption in many countries, such as the UK, Italy and Brazil, has been publicly driven. Generally, adoption was targeted at design and construction implementation, with little effort in framing public action for FM implementation. The lack of an integrated approach for BIM-FM implementation resulted in numerous bespoken implementation approaches that mimic the private sector and hinder knowledge exchange. Therefore, there is a need for assessing and amalgamating knowledge about BIM-FM for public organisations. This research aims to leverage knowledge about BIM-FM in the public domain by analysing and classifying articles published between 2010–2021. The research was carried out through a systematic review and comparative thematic analysis investigating the use of BIM for different public buildings (e.g., schools and hospitals) and the implementation for FM purposes. Research results outline prevalent trends and areas of research from three perspectives: people, process and technology. Results show an increasing number of publications about BIM-FM. However, the divide between BIM-FM for public and private organisations is unequal. BIM-FM research for public organisations is still limited and lacks standardisation. This state-of-the-art review makes an incremental contribution to knowledge by identifying progress, gaps and new industry directions on the subject matter.
Highlights
Facilities management is an area that benefits the most from Building Information Modelling (BIM), yet it is the least developed area regarding implementation
The results show that the Process category has a considerably higher number of publications discussing BIM-Facility Management (FM) implementation frameworks and methodologies in the public domain
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought to light aspects, such as the check of occupancy levels, control of transportation flows, entry supervisions, etc., that are strongly connected to facility management tasks and are becoming more important in the COVID-19 management context (Table 5)
Summary
Facilities management is an area that benefits the most from BIM, yet it is the least developed area regarding implementation. Much of the BIM for design and construction literature has informed hard FM and capital expenditure (Capex) projects. Research is still embryonic concerning soft FM and operational expenditure (Opex). Implementing building information modelling became crucial in the context of extreme pressures arising from climate change, reduced budgets for building operations and maintenance and current and future unforeseen events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Whereas some movement has been seen in the private sector, BIM-FM within the public sector is still primarily the result of pilot research implementations. The mandate that stimulates BIM use for Capex projects did not have the same effect on Opex. Much still needs to be carried out to support BIM-FM implementation for public organisations
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