Facebook Page Research Articles

Hate speech on social media: behaviour of Portuguese football fans on Facebook

ABSTRACT This article examines how Facebook is shaping the nature of hate speech. The observation field is the Facebook pages of the 18 Portuguese football clubs of the Portuguese League – the main professional competition in the country. Data extraction was performed automatically via Facebook Graph API in the first three months of the 2020/2021 season. The analysed dataset has 5,192 publications and 276,231 fan comments, which registered over 5 million reactions (like, haha, love, sad, wow, etc.). The findings reveal that the volume of hate speech material on Facebook pages has a low incidence. In any case, the most significant comments are racists, xenophobes, and regional antagonisms. These cases are also the ones that have attracted the most reactions from fans.

Positive Correlation Between Social Media Utilization by Orthopaedic Journals and Impact Factor.

Social media use has exploded in popularity over the past decade with over 1.5 billion users on Facebook and 320 million users on Twitter. The aim of this study was to analyze the use of social media by orthopaedic journals and determine whether a relationship exists between social media followers and journal impact factor. The Clarivate Analytics Impact Factor tool was used to identify all orthopaedic journals with a 2022 impact factor of greater than 1.5. We then conducted a query on Instagram, Twitter, LinkedIn, and Facebook to determine which programs had pages on each platform. Seventeen journals were included across all orthopaedic subspecialties. Of the 17 journals, 14 (82.4%) had a Facebook page, eight (47%) had an Instagram page, 15 (88.2%) had a Twitter account, and 8 (47%) had a LinkedIn profile. When compiling the number of followers by social media platform, Twitter had the most (177,543), followed by Facebook (149,388), Instagram (81,739), and LinkedIn (77,459). We found a significant correlation between the number of social media followers and journal impact factor (Pearson correlation coefficient [PCC] = 0.67; P = 0.003). When analyzing each social media platform independently, we found a significant correlation between the number of Facebook and Twitter followers and journal impact factor (PCC = 0.54; P = 0.02 and PCC = 0.80; P < 0.001, respectively). We have shown a notable association between the number of social media followers and a journal's impact factor. With the increasing shift toward online distribution, orthopaedic journals may use our data when evaluating their social media strategy to maintain and potentially increase their exposure and potentially their impact factor.

Seeing the Black Lives Matter Movement Through Computer Vision? An Automated Visual Analysis of News Media Images on Facebook

In this study, automated visual analysis was used to explore how the political leanings of news media are associated with their visual representation of the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement. We analyzed more than 9,000 images posted on Facebook pages run by U.S. news media between August 2014 and October 2020 using commercially developed computer vision tools and a topic modeling algorithm. The results show that images used in BLM-related news coverage can be categorized into 10 distinctively themed groups that overlap with the main types of protest images uncovered by manual content analysis. Furthermore, news sources engaged in different visual representation practices depending on their partisan leanings. The patterns uncovered in this study imply that (de)legitimization of protests may take either active or passive forms. These findings contribute to theorization of the way news media might use social media platforms to (de)legitimize social protests, which may influence public opinion on social issues.

AraBERTopic: A Neural Topic Modeling Approach for News Extraction from Arabic Facebook Pages using Pre-trained BERT Transformer Model

AraBERTopic: A Neural Topic Modeling Approach for News Extraction from Arabic Facebook Pages using Pre-trained BERT Transformer Model

A case of alternative journalism in Egypt: Where are Facebook likes leading Mada Masr?

Mada Masr, an alternative online-only news medium, has continued to operate for more than nine years in Egypt. However, fascination with its mere existence as an alternative journalism in a harsh political climate has prevented researchers from evaluating its performance from an audience perspective. To fill in the gap, this study seeks to explore audience engagement on Mada Masr’s Arabic Facebook page by analysing posts that received the highest and lowest likes (reactions). Results show that posts with the most likes were those contesting the state’s performance and providing oppositional counter-mainstream media knowledge. This finding is consistent with the literature on the role of alternative media in different political contexts, one of political deliberation in western democracies and another of social mobilization in non-western transitional contexts where social change is sought. However, the elitist nature of many of Mada Masr’s posts questions the extent to which Mada Masr is willing to identify itself with the wider public.

The Level of Psychological Health Resulting from Home Quarantine Due To Covid-19 Crisis and its Relationship to some Variables among a Sample of Jordanians

This study aimed to identify the level of psychological health resulting from home quarantine due to Covid-19 crisis and its relationship to some variables among a sample of Jordanians according to the variables of sex, age and marital status. The size of the study sample was (1095) respondents from both sexes, divided into 705 females (64.4%) and 390 males (35.5%). The link to the instrument used was published on the Institute for Family Health’s Facebook page. The instrument of psychological health aspects the researchers developed, was used for the purpose of the study. The results indicated that the effect of home quarantine in light of the Covid-19 crisis on some aspects of psychological health was of a moderate degree, and that there were no statistically significant differences attributed to the gender variable, and that there were statistically significant differences attributed to the age variable in the (19-29) years group, in addition to the existence of statistically significant differences in the effect of home quarantine on some aspects of psychological health due to the marital status variable, specifically the unmarried group.

Politics of Hate and Social Media: Thematic Analysis of Political Hate Discourses on Facebook

This article documented the presence of politically motivated hate content in online political discourses and also explored major themes against political opponents in Pakistan. A total of 744 posts were collected from Facebook pages affiliated with two major political parties. The amount indicates the significant amount of politically motivated hate content presented in online political discourses. The data were thematically analyzed from which 3 major themes emerged. The data revealed that political discourses were filed with denigration of opposites through abusive and disgusted language followed by the dehumanization of opposites such as naming and comparing with different animals like dogs, pigs etc. It was also found that character assassination was done by framing opposites as morally and socially characterless, by accusing them as sexually corrupt, drug addictive, and as well homosexual etc. Lastly, the opposites were framed as "anti-state", "traitors" and "foreign agents who have become "threats" to national peace, cohesion and integrity of the state and as well to destabilize the country.

Framing Biases Of Sino-Pak Media: A Comparative Content Analysis Of Official Social Media Accounts

The present study was designed to know, how and in what ways CPEC is being portrayed by Sino-Pak media. For this, content analysis of the 293 CPEC-related posts was performed. The data was collected from Pakistani and Chinese newspapers' official Facebook pages (The News and People's Daily China). The data accumulated by keyword search was categorized and sub-categorized in line with the selected aspects and a coding sheet. Findings revealed, that although the Pakistani media was giving more coverage to CPEC the Chinese media was matchless with 100 % positive coverage in contrast to Pakistan's 47% (this percentage put a question mark on the status of "Press Freedom" in China). Overall, CPEC was portrayed positively in both newspapers with (52%) of positive coverage and (25%) negative. The most covered CPEC aspect was "Strategic" (38%) and media coverage of this aspect highlights the strategic significance of CPEC in regional politics.

Big Data Analytics Capabilities, Sustainability Reporting on Social Media, and Competitive Advantage: An Exploratory Study

Manuscript type: Research paper Research aims: Drawing from the lens of dynamic capability view (DCV), this study investigates whether companies with big data analytics (BDA) capabilities, specifically BDA management, infrastructure, and personnel capabilities, disclose more sustainability posts on social media and whether such disclosure affects their competitive advantage. Design/Methodology/Approach: Data from 100 public listed firms in Malaysia were obtained from questionnaires and content analysis of Facebook pages. Smart PLS was employed to analyse the data. Research findings: The results suggest that in the context of Malaysia, BDA management capability significantly impacts sustainability reporting on social media (SRSM). The evidence also points to SSRM positively impacting a company’s competitive advantage. Theoretical contribution/Originality: Theoretically, this study contributes to the literature on DCV. The findings provide insights into how BDA capabilities can help organisations focus on social media platforms and communicate with their stakeholders on sustainability performance. It also suggests that sustainability reporting on social media is associated with competitive advantage, as it allows for two-way interaction between organisations and its stakeholders. Practitioner/Policy implications: Practically, this study provides insights into the roles of accounting, social media, and big data within the current digital revolution. Specifically, it offers guidance to executives and managers on identifying the conditions that need to be present for BDA capability to add value to SRSM. Additionally, the findings here have implications for policymakers and businesses looking to use BDA in the context of SRSM to gain competitive advantage. Research limitation/Implications: Future studies could consider increasing the sample size. This study sheds light on the relevance of BDA capabilities in promoting sustainability issues using social media.

Voluntary giving up for adoption: analysis of comments by followers on the National Council of Justice (CNJ) Facebook page

The aim of the article was to analyze the comments of followers on the CNJ's Facebook page, regarding the voluntary giving up for adoption. This is a research with an analytical-exploratory character and a quantitative and qualitative approach in the treatment of data. Secondary data were used, obtained from the examination of comments made in the publication on the voluntary giving up of babies for adoption on the CNJ's Facebook page. Data were processed using the IRaMuTeQ software (Interface de R pour les Analyzes Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires), based on the Descending Hierarchical Classification test, for subsequent content analysis. 3 thematic classes emerged: 1) The woman and her choices, 2) Criticism of judicial procedures and 3) The subjugated woman. The main results refer to the judgment of values and subjectivation to which women are exposed, the lack ofknowledge of the law and the myth of maternal love crystallized in the social imaginary. It reflects on the need to invest in the continuing education of all professionals in the Rights Assurance System, developing strategic actions to disseminate and deconstruct prejudices with the law and with women.

Crisis communications at the start of the Covid-19 pandemic: A case study of the Ghanaian president’s fourth update on coronavirus

The Covid-19 pandemic was a testbed for crisis communication, leading to recommendations on how to meet communicative goals and several individual case studies. This paper contributes to the latter by engaging in a detailed three-level analysis of an early, pivotal address to the nation by Ghana’s president Nana Akufo-Addo. In terms of infection rates and deaths, Ghana has been much less severely impacted by the pandemic than other countries, making it worthwhile to look at the role of official communications. This study investigates how the president addressed the public at the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic, in what ways the linguistic features of his address reflected the specific political context, and what potential impact his language use had on the behaviour of the public. Findings show that linguistic and, to a lesser extent, visual elements represent the president as powerful, authoritative, but somewhat detached from the audience. However, this is balanced by direct appeals to the same audience, whose cooperation he seeks to win rather than enforce. This balance reflects the political and socio-cultural context of the text, as further evidenced by comments on the address on Akufo-Addo’s Facebook page.

Alcohol Social Media Marketing in Hong Kong: A Content Analysis of Facebook Posts

PurposeThe near universal use of social media by young people in many parts of the world has led to increased exposure to alcohol social media marketing (SMM). This study aimed to examine the content of SMM posts from alcohol brands and venues in the southern China region. MethodsThis study randomly sampled posts from Hong Kong Facebook pages of 10 well-known alcohol brands (n = 639) and four popular drinking venues (n = 335) between 2011 and 2019. Content analysis, using deductive and inductive coding, was conducted on SMM posts to identify common marketing strategies (e.g., promotional giveaways) and themes. ResultsAlcohol SMM posts increased eight-fold during this period and showed continuous adaptation to regional tastes and drinking culture. Alcohol SMM strategies included explicit encouragement to drink, real-world event tie-ins (e.g. concerts, sporting matches), and special postings during local holidays such as Chinese New Year. Viewers were actively encouraged to interact through “likes”, shares, and comments on SMM posts. Alcohol brands had substantially higher user interactions than drinking venues (mean = 228.7/post vs. 19.0/post; p < .05). Alcohol SMM themes included celebratory events, friendship, cultural heritage, and popular music. SMM also promoted an exclusive, aspirational lifestyle, and emphasis on the high quality of their products. Only 8.1% of the brand posts and none of the venue posts contained responsible drinking messages. DiscussionAlcohol SMM has been increasingly promoting social norms that encourage heavy drinking in young people. Future policy discussions in this emerging alcohol market region should consider regulation of alcohol SMM.

Social media analytics

Social media has become increasingly relevant for surgeons, trainees, surgical journals, and professional organizations. This article explores the importance of advanced social media analytics, including social media metrics, social graph metrics, and altmetrics, in enhancing information exchange and promoting content in digital surgical communities. Different social media platforms give users access to free analytics, such as Twitter Analytics, Facebook Page Insights, Instagram Insights, LinkedIn Analytics, and YouTube Analytics, and various commercial applications offer advanced metrics and data visualization. Social graph metrics provide insights into a social surgical network's structure and dynamics, helping identify key influencers, communities, trends, or behavior patterns within the network. Altmetrics allow alternative ways to measure the social impact of research beyond traditional citations, including mentions, downloads, and shares on social media platforms. However, ethical issues related to privacy, accuracy, transparency, accountability, and impact on patient care must be considered when using social media analytics.

Memes, National Identity and National Belonging: Visual “Nation-Talk” on Indian Social Media Pages

I collected data from political social media pages to show how memes serve as means to engage in heated “nation-talk.” Contending claims are made through memes on the identity of an “Indian” and on the sense of belonging to India. I collected memes over a period of twenty months from two overtly political Facebook pages with hundreds of thousands of followers. After multiple rounds of coding and filtering we arrived at a final sample of memes to be studied in depth. The memes, from opposing political sides, draw inter-textual component elements from the same popular culture, mythology etc. Through the repetition of specific components, slogans etc. these memes exclude certain claims of belonging to India while enforcing others. Key to this repetition are the circulatory dynamics of memes over digital networks, and their performative aspects. India’s history emerges as a significant battleground for these memes.

Use of Social Media by Indian Cabinet Ministers to Propagate Their Work and Connect with Masses

The political use of social media in India has assumed a whole new role, scale and meaning. While abundant research has been done on how social media is used by politicians for campaigning during elections, this research aims to go a step further and discover how social media is used when election is over and governance is on. This research will focus on the use of Facebook by cabinet ministers to connect with masses and inform them about latest political and administrative developments relevant to their departments, about their work and to provide interesting glimpses into their personal lives. Most of the cabinet ministers have their official Facebook pages. This research will analyze the content posted by them on their official Facebook pages with the help of Fanpage karma which is an online tool for social media monitoring and analytics.

Reconceptualizing Cross-Cutting Political Expression on Social Media: A Case Study of Facebook Comments During the 2016 Brexit Referendum

ABSTRACT Political communication research has long sought to understand the effects of cross-cutting exposure on political participation. Here, we argue for a paradigm shift that acknowledges the agency of citizens as producers of cross-cutting expression on social media. We define cross-cutting expression as political communication through speech or behavior within a counter-attitudinal space. After explicating our conceptualization of cross-cutting expression, we empirically explore: its extent, its relationship to political arguments, and its implications for digital campaigning during the 2016 Brexit Referendum. Our dataset, comprising 2,198,741 comments from 344,884 users, is built from Facebook comments to three public campaign pages active during the Brexit referendum: StrongerIn, VoteLeave, and LeaveEU. We utilize reactions data to sort partisans into “Remain” and “Brexit” camps and, thereafter, chart users’ commenting flows across the three pages. We estimate 29% of comments to be cross-cutting, and we find strong correlations between cross-cutting expression and reasoned political arguments. Then, to better understand how cross-cutting expression may influence political participation on social media, we topic model the dataset to identify the political themes discussed during the Brexit debate on Facebook. Our findings suggest that political Facebook pages are not echo chambers, that cross-cutting expression correlates with reasoned political arguments, and that cross-cutting expression may influence the online voter mobilization potential of political Facebook pages.

The taste of video: Facebook videos as multi-sensory experiences

Recipe videos are among the most viral genres of videos on social media. Yet, little research has been done on their aesthetic and formal attributes, especially on how they operate within the frameworks of the attention economy and embodied interaction specific to social media interfaces. This paper examines recipe videos published on Tasty, one of the most popular Facebook pages in the world. We analyze these videos through a three-dimensional model that integrates their semiotic characteristics (visual, auditory, and textual), their interactive and haptic qualities, and their invitation to perceptual engagement and sensorimotor response. We conclude that Facebook recipe videos are exemplary of a broader category of social media videos which we call hyper-sensory videos: these create heightened multisensory experiences that take precedence over informational use or narrative involvement. Hyper-sensory videos present a cultural response to broader questions regarding materiality, presence, and embodied relations within a highly mediated social reality.

Gaze movement analysis examined how people view and interact with health information on Facebook pages.

Gaze movement analysis is a human-computer interaction analysis method to assess time and viewing patterns of screen pages. This study examines Facebook users' health information viewing patterns and identifies social media interface factors that affect users' health information behaviour on Facebook. The findings of this study should help researchers and health information providers understand how Facebook is used, and how users might be appraising information viewed. This study investigated gaze movement data collected from 48 participants while participants were viewing Facebook pages that presented health-related posts. Each session was designed to represent four health information sources and four health topics. Each session included an exit interview for a better interpretation of data. Participants spent the most time viewing the content of the posts, particularly post images. Findings revealed that users' viewing patterns differed when different health topics were presented, but not according to the type of information provider. However, the study showed that users check the Facebook page's banner to verify the health information provider's identity. This study indicates what health information consumers look for on Facebook when finding, appraising, and reacting to, or sharing health-related content.

Ecclesial Online Identities during the Covid-19 Pandemic

The majority churches in Europe are paradoxically considered to be both powerful and weak religious institutions. Their complex position in secular society makes it important for them to communicate who they are to the public. The Covid-19 pandemic was a situation in which churches and other religious institutions were ‘forced’ to use digital media as a primary arena of outreach. This article investigates how three Scandinavian majority churches negotiated their ecclesial identities on Facebook during 2020, the first year of the Covid-19 pandemic. The following question is explored: did ‘online’ enactments represent their religious identities and core values in new ways to the public? The data material consists of material from the official Facebook pages of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Denmark (the ELCD), the Church of Norway, and the Church of Sweden, as well as interviews with Facebook editors from each church. The study demonstrates how the Church of Norway and the Church of Sweden enact church practices on Facebook, while the ELCD tries not to be too ‘churchy’. Facebook emerges as a hybridized third space where Scandinavian majority churches pursue new logics and forms of meaning making to retain their position in secular societies. Overall, the churches’ online identities on Facebook are not new representations but intensified versions of their distinct offline identities as ‘folk churches’ for the whole population.

The Israeli Digital Diplomacy Directed to the Arabs: An Analysis of the “Israel speaks Arabic” Facebook Page

Due to advances in technology, foreign countries and their diplomats have resorted to social media to reach a wider and more global audience. Israel, like many others, has taken advantage of the digital world to improve its image in the Middle East. In fact, the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs started a special department for digital diplomacy, which manages dozens of digital pages in multiple languages. This paper investigates the strategies that Israel has employed in its digital diplomacy in recent years to improve its image with its Arab neighbors by analyzing approximately 600 posts published on the Israeli Facebook page “Israel Speaks Arabic.” Results of the analysis reveal that the page employs many propaganda strategies to attract Arabs and earn their recognition and acceptance of Israel, such as positing digital publications in frameworks related to conflict, responsibility, and morality in a way that shows Israel as a rational, democratic, peace-loving state that cooperates with its Arab neighbors. “Israel Speaks Arabic” also employs persuasive means that address passion and desires using religion and the humanization of the occupation and its army. Other strategies include the manipulation of terminology, repetition, the amplification of events, and the employment of eminent Arabic voices against the Palestinians that serve Israel’s narrative at the expense of the Palestinian one. The article rests on framing theory.