Face Of New Challenges Research Articles

International cooperation in the fight against cyberpression in the context of response to new challenges and threats

This article explores criminal procedure and other organizational and legal aspects of international cooperation between states in the fight against cybercrime in the face of new challenges and threats. The aim is to identify and consider formal and informal measures of international cooperation in response to transnational cybercrime. Through legal analysis, we demonstrate that such crimes, as a rule, have an international character, as they have negative consequences on the territory of other sovereign countries. The author analyzes various forms of international cooperation in the fight against crime, which include extradition (extradition), legal assistance in criminal matters, transfer of criminal prosecution (judicial proceedings), as well as informal cooperation between law enforcement agencies (international police cooperation), in particular within the framework of US law called “СLOUD Act”. As an empirical basis for the study, materials of Russian operational and investigative practice for 2018–2019, as well as decisions of courts of foreign states, were used. However, the majority of law enforcement agencies deliberately or without intent resort to the practice of obtaining evidence on cybercrimes that are physically located on the territory of another country, independently, without obtaining the consent of this state. This happens through a remote connection in real time to the subscriber device of a criminally prosecuted person or its withdrawal from a victim or witness located on the territory of the state by law enforcement agencies that conduct proceedings on a cybercrime case with subsequent inspection to find information relevant to the case, as well as through the use of other legal methods.

Economy of the Republic of Korea in the Face of New Challenges

The South Korean economic miracle is cited as an example of the consolidation of business and government acting in the interests of the country’s prosperity. Thanks to the industrialization carried out in a short time and the implementation of the export-oriented economy model, the Republic of Korea received the status of a developed country already in the mid-1990s. One of the important factors of South Korean success at the global level is that the foreign economic relations of the Republic of Korea were closely intertwined with access to world markets, technologies, and investments. However, the economic crisis caused by the Covid-19 pandemic and the global geopolitical shift has been testing even the most sustainable economics. Since the South Korean economy has been deeply integrated into international trade and finance, it becomes very vulnerable to external challenges. Deepening partnership with the United States requires the administration of President Yoon to diversify foreign economic ties dramatically. At the domestic level new administration of President Yoon faces unresolved economic problems, which only have been worsening. First of all, it is unemployment (especially among young people), inflation, real estate crisis, problem of an aging population. One of the main focuses in the article is Russian-South Korean economic partnership and its prospects. The authors noted that our economic partnership due to strict sanction’s policy against Russia is under pressure. Economy of the Republic of Korea, diversification of the economy, foreign economic relations, entrepreneurship in the Republic of Korea, economic partnership between South Korea and Russia

Analysis of the Problem of Preparing Future Teachers for Interactaction with Deviant Behavior Adolescents

The author of the study considers the issue of preparing future teachers to interact with adolescents who exhibit deviant behavior in the face of new challenges and threats. Much attention is paid to the study of the interdisciplinary problem of behavioral deviations of adolescents. At the same time, it is obvious that the dynamic change in the types and forms of deviant behavior associated with forced distance learning during the pandemic and the risks associated with the weakening of pedagogical influence on the sphere of educational and extracurricular time, the growth of cyber aggression in the information space, the development of such destructive practices as Columbine, set new goals and tasks for the pedagogical community related to the preparation of teachers for the diagnosis of deviant types and forms of behavior in its most complex manifestations. The purpose of this article is to study the problem of preparing future teachers to interact with adolescents of deviant behavior in the new socio-cultural conditions of their socialization and upbringing.

Academic research challenges in Brasil and its impairment by COVID-19 pandemic

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic and its control measures, which have not been experienced in the world in the last hundred years, have impacted academic scientific production, which, in Brazil, was already in the process of progressive erosion of its foundations. Thus, scientific initiation during medical graduation, which depends on funding and institutional structure, and extremely beneficial to the graduation process, was jeopardized due to restrictive measures. Objective: This article aims to expose the point of view of undergraduate medical students enrolled in a scientific initiation program about the panorama of Brazilian academic scientific production and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in its multiple aspects. Discussion: The lack of an effective scientific initiation is one of the many factors that lead to a decline in the number of medical researchers. The way that scientific initiation is placed, as part of a parallel curriculum, and a whole scrapped public production structure are impairing, chronic and noteworthy features. The apparatus of national scientific production is mostly structured in Higher Education Institutions and research institutions, both public. Within the scope of graduation, it can be didactically subdivided into four pillars: financial support, structure, student proactivity and the advisor's aptitude. The COVID-19 pandemic has been an additional blow to this weakened and fragile structure. Scientific initiation was thus negatively impacted. Public opinion and political aspects further influence an imbroglio of “scientific denial” and a craving for effective information and solutions to the unprecedented problem of a pandemic of this proportion. Conclusion: It is clear that national scientific production is placed in a survival situation in the face of new challenges posed by the pandemic. Likewise, scientific initiation is less and less stimulating during graduation, even though it is an experience of great value in medical and personal development.

Kicking It Out? Football Fans’ Views of Anti-Racism Initiatives in English Football

This article explores the views of 906 football fans (96% of whom selfidentified as White), collected via an online survey from May-June 2019, regarding the impact of the leading equality and inclusion organization, Kick It Out, in delivering initiatives to challenge the multifaceted expressions of racism by some White English football fans. Whilst fans recognize the importance of raising awareness of racial discrimination, nearly three quarters of White fans do not engage with any Kick It Out initiatives. In the face of new challenges, including the largely unregulated space of social media, and a socio-political climate that has facilitated the resurgence of overtly expressed bigoted, colour and cultural-based racisms, the article stresses that the English football authorities must support the work of anti-racism organizations to increase their potency amongst White fans if racial discrimination is to be more effectively challenged in the future.

Contractual Unpredictabiliy in the Context of Covid-19 Pandemic

The new realities require a revitalisation of the legal system to overcome the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic. The current health crisis is, at the same time, a challenge not only for public authorities, but also for the scientific community and legal practitioners, concerned with finding viable solutions for the adaptation of legal institutions. For the legal system, the contract is an essential factor from a theoretical and practical point of view, an indispensable element for the sphere of private law; it is an essential piece of evidence that lawyers will support in the face of new challenges posed by the current pandemic context. In this article we have in view an objective analysis of the contractual contingency, starting from the jurisprudential consecration that was conferred under the previous regulation and until the introduction of this institution in the national legislation with the entry into force of the new Romanian Civil Code in 2011. We intend to present a brief retrospective on the theory of unpredictabiliy and will discuss the regulation found in national law, as well as the existence of this institution in comparative law. In a dynamic social and economic context, it is essential to clarify the relationship between the binding force of contracts and the possibility of invoking unpredictabiliy, in situations where certain changes affecting the contractual balance occur in the performance of obligations. At the same time, as a case study, we will try to answer the question whether this institution finds its applicability in the most debated issue at legal, national and international level in the current period, namely the effects on contractual relations, generated by the Covid-19 pandemic and the measures taken by public authorities to limit the effects of the virus on human health. In the sphere of performance of contractual relations, in progress at the time of the pandemic, a multitude of controversies have been created, regarding the possibility of invoking, as the case may be, force majeure, fortuitous event or unpredictabiliy and in this article we will highlight to what extent the parties have these remedies at hand. Last but not least, the study will highlight the jurisprudential orientation due to the significant changes suffered in the current social and economic context amid the Covid-19 pandemic, respectively if the institution of unpredictabiliy comes to help the contracting parties to save the contracts concluded before the pandemic which have been affected in the context of the measures and restrictions taken by each state. Keywords: Unpredictabiliy; Covid-19 coronavirus pandemic; contractual relations; force majeure; fortuitous event; rebus sic stantibus; pacta sunt servanda.

Fighting all demons: feminist voices on popular protests in Lebanon and the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region

ABSTRACT For generations, feminists in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) have fought all types of oppression and discrimination. Joining and leading popular protests of the last decade or so in different MENA countries was part of their ongoing struggle to gain social justice, equality, and better representation in society. A feminist struggle has its own battles and distinct demands even within a national social justice agenda. The popular protests made feminists in the region realise more than ever the importance of having a trans-generational, intersectional, and diverse movement that is capable of continuing old battles and being strong in the face of new challenges. This article is based on reflective conversations with Hayat Mirshad, a feminist activist from Lebanon, during April 2021. These conversations showed that feminist struggles for social justice and equality in MENA have gained knowledge and experience through engaging with popular protests, using new communication tools and approaches, and not shying away from difficult conversations; the most important trends being those of embracing multiple forms of feminisms, working in an intersectional manner, maintaining financial autonomy, addressing the needs and priorities of multiple segments in society, and having new types of leadership that are more collective and participatory.

Positioning and Rebranding as a State Security Tools in Global Space

The purpose of this article is to explore positioning and rebranding as tools for state security in global space, using the methodology of constructivism in international relations. The author hypothesizes that positioning the country as safe will be attractive only if there is a unifying factor based on the principles of consocial democracy. To achieve this purpose, the authors used several scientific approaches and methods: constructivism as a scientific paradigm; dialectical method; content analysis, and comparison. The article covers the following issues: Positioning and rebranding in modern conditions; Level of branding effectiveness in Ukraine; National identity as the basis for rebranding and state security; Rebranding states in the face of new challenges and threats. The essence of the conclusions is as follows: States will choose a partner for economic cooperation under difficult conditions in terms of political risks, benefits, and costs. This trend is about renewed positioning and rebranding to facilitate decisions on cooperation. The effectiveness of the existing state brand depends not only on creating an attractive external picture of the country’s positioning. Without a genuine alignment of the declared brand with the internal situation of the state, the political system as a whole, the congruent of the mental construct of the main political structures and the social environment, the brand will not be attractive to investors and the country will remain in an unstable environment.

TERRITORIAL AND SPATIAL ORGANIZATION: WORLD EXPERIENCE AND TRENDS

The article analyzes the current trends in urban development systems. As a result of identifying the main problems of urban development, groups of issues were formed, in particular, economic, social, environmental, social, psychological and technological aspects. Each of these blocks significantly affects the comfortable living of the population of large cities, as well as affects the sustainable development of territories. Problems of overpopulation, which create new socio-economic challenges and increase man-made impact on ecosystems, are the main problems of development of areas that have become the cause of other problematic aspects. The article analyzes the demographic processes of different regions of the world and their impact on the formation of megacities. It is determined that the largest cities in the world are formed in countries with the largest population and high population density. An analysis of the largest cities in the world by population, location and population density is given. according to the conducted analysis the preconditions defining tendencies of development of megacities are formed. In accordance with these prerequisites, a projection of the development of megacities by regions of the world depending on the current situation, factors influencing the development of urban systems and analysts' forecasts. According to these forecasts, urban trends in different regions of the world are analyzed. The map of the largest megacities of the world on the basis of which their territorial zoning is carried out is presented. The results of the study can be used to determine the prospects for the development of urban systems, finding ways for further urban development in the face of new challenges.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ФИНАНСИРОВАНИЯ ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ НА ОСНОВЕ РЕЗУЛЬТАТОВ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЫ

The key role of the education system in the formation of a knowledge society is raising the issue of improving its financing. In the face of new challenges and aggravation of global competition, the mechanism for financing the higher education system is being transformed. The need to increase funding is manifested in expanding financial sources and improving the management of various financial flows. Increasing the effectiveness of public funding is becoming an important issue, which remains the main source of financial revenues for institutions of higher education in countries of the world. A promising practice in the world is the use of funding based on the results of activity, which is becoming more widespread in various areas of economic activity. The purpose of this article is to study the current world-wide practice of applying results-based financing of higher education and defining promising directions for its implementation in Ukraine. The essence and features of RBF - Result Based Financing (RBF) method, including in the system of higher education, are revealed. The existing approaches to financing higher education institutions in the world based on results are systematized, the main criteria for their definition are identified: on the basis of inputs, process, output, output. The world practice of using higher education institutions financing based on the results, positive and negative consequences of its implementation is highlighted and summarized. The necessity of using RBF funding in the system of native education is proved, the main directions and areas of its use are determined. The application of a two-tier model of financing higher education institutions in Ukraine is proposed, which combines the traditional cost-oriented approach and funding based on the results of the activity.

Financial aspects of ensuring sustainable development of small and medium-sized businesses in the face of new challenges

The special economic circumstances of 2019–2020 have formed new conditions for doing business, increased the role of the state in ensuring stable financial conditions for functioning of small and medium-sized businesses and helping them with adapting to the new situation. The article aims to assess the urgent measures of financial support for small and medium-sized businesses implemented by the Government of the Russian Federation from March 31, 2020 up to the present. The methodological basis of the research includes neoclassical finance and the capital structure theory. Methods of dialectical, cause-and-effect, structural, logical and statistical analysis are used. The findings reveal that the Government provided financial support for small and medium-sized business in the amount of 14 billion rubles in 2020 exclusively in the form of borrowed financial resources, while in a state of almost suspended operation the business needs first and foremost non-repayable financial resources. The analysis confirms that the ongoing measures of financial support for small and medium-sized businesses are highly sought after. Theoretical and practical significance of the research results is that the federal, regional, and local authorities can use them while offering financial support to businesses; in addition, business owners and managers can benefit from them while considering the funding of the activities.

Digital diplomacy — diplomacy of the future

This article examines the challenges and threats faced by Russian diplomacy in the modern world, in the context of new global changes (the COVID-19 pandemic, the global financial, economic and energy crisis, attempts to reformat the existing system of international relations). Diplomacy is being radically transformed before our eyes. In the face of new challenges, its structure and methods are changing, and new directions are emerging. Our modern world is filled with names — humanitarian, digital, scientific, integration, cultural, public, sports diplomacy. At the same time, it is not certain that the essential content of diplomacy — the construction of relations and their management — will be carried out without direct personal contact. Interpersonal contact has always been the foundation of diplomacy. The authors present proposals for the formation of Russia's foreign policy position in relation to the most important problems of modern development through the prism of positioning our country as an independent center of power. The article analyzes new opportunities and technologies for use by the diplomatic departments of various states in the course of carrying out current activities in the field of international relations. It is impossible to imagine the life of any modern society without social networks - a structure based on the contacts of individuals with each other, the exchange of various information, the discussion of pressing issues. For a modern person, the use of a social network is quite a familiar phenomenon, and for diplomats it is not so much a form of communication with thousands of strangers, as an understanding of what is happening in their country of residence, how citizens react to the decisions and actions of the foreign ministry, a free ideological space that can be used as a means of influencing public opinion, creating a positive image of their country abroad. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of the Internet and social networks has increased significantly (online work, study, conferences, meetings, entertainment, etc.).

Between solid and liquid experience in a socialist port: Gdańsk shipyard workers at the turn of the 1980s

This article analyzes the Gdańsk shipyard workers, a core group that launched the August 1980 strike. It approaches the phenomenon against the backdrop of the socialist port, regardless of the complexities of the political process. Changing globalizing markets, domestic Polish policies towards socialist ports, and the reactions of shipyard workers to local and global changes all played a central role in defining the experience of work at Gdańsk Shipyard. Its workers were under pressure not only from local conditions, but also, like their foreign counterparts, faced a severe and prolonged crisis in global shipbuilding, evident in reduced demand for new vessels, rapidly evolving regulations and technology, layoffs and fierce competition. As industrial workers, they had strong local connections. As port workers, they were sea-oriented and characterized by occupational mobility. This dual nature – between solidity and liquidity – helped foster cross-sectional unity within Poland and internationally, but also caused dissatisfaction. The article continues by explaining how shipyard workers adapted in the face of new challenges.

System Tasks for Assessing the Regulative Impact of Legal Acts in the Entrepreneurship Sphere

The article is discussing some aspects in the analysis system formation and establishment of regulatory impact in conditions of the Kyrgyz Republic. The authors examined examples from foreign experience in the application of regulatory impact analysis techniques and concluding the main tasks facing the regulatory impact analysis system in Kyrgyzstan. Research relevance in this work is focused on the analysis of regulatory impact as one of the latest tools in modern legal history optimizing government regulation and management, which are used in the vast majority of countries of the world, and which is becoming more obvious in the face of new challenges and some uncertainty in the development of the global economy, as well as focused on increasing evident in the face of new challenges and some uncertainty in the development of the global economy. Entrepreneurship is defined by demands that creating entrepreneurial opportunities and supply providing potential entrepreneurs, acting upon these opportunities. Regulatory impact analysis is considering the entrepreneurs’ position when preparing regulatory documents in their development stage, those provisions that may lead to administrative or financial burdens on business or costs to the state or society as a whole.

Introduction

Portuguese Studies vol. 37 no. 1 (2021), 1–4© Modern Humanities Research Association 2021 Introduction Márcio Seligmann-Silva Let us exploit our full critical and creative capacity to make colourful parachutes. Ailton Krenak, 2019 This dossier features seven contributions that compose a current portrait of Brazil from the viewpoint of the difficult construction of its democracy in the twenty-first century. The works cover different areas such as law, psychoanalysis, literary and image studies, human rights and the pressing indigenous issue. The proposal to present this multidisciplinary outline is founded on the idea that such transdisciplinarity alone is up to the task of minimally representing the complexity of twenty-first-century Brazil. The contemporary challenges, given that these lines are written in complete isolation due to the Covid-19 pandemic, extend beyond the frameworks of subject areas of knowledge and require interdisciplinary transcendence and dialogue. This dossier trusts in the critical and creative capacity of academic production and its strength in the face of new challenges that present themselves as seemingly insurmountable. Starting out with the contribution from the historian Janaína Teles, we have a detailed view of a key moment in the struggle for the right to memory, justice and truth in relation to the past of Brazil’s military dictatorship of 1964–85. The article stresses the role played by the relatives of dead and missing politicians in the attempt to set up a National Truth Commission, ultimately created in 2011 but with severe limitations, considering the country’s needs. This chapter in the history of our democracy explains why Brazil still lags behind its Latin American neighbours when it comes to building spaces for expressing and hearing the testimonies of the dictatorship’s victims, to constructing authentic justice aimed at investigating crimes against humanity, to creating spaces of memory and landmarks that guarantee the establishment of ethics and politics based on human rights. The ‘logic of reconciliation’ that guided the transition to democracy after 1985 enabled the constitution of a veritable legal and memory blockade, extending the state of exception beyond 1964–85. This obstruction of the work of justice and memory is largely responsible for the election in 2018 of a government that denies the crimes perpetrated by the dictatorship regime. Such denialism also underpins modern-day torture, as we see in the article in this dossier written by the psychoanalyst Paulo Endo. The contribution from Eduardo Bittar, of the Law School of the University of São Paulo, focuses precisely on the current debility of Brazilian democracy. He stresses the precariousness of our political practice stemming from Márcio Seligmann-Silva 2 unconditional privileges granted to the economic sector, as a consequence of which ‘instrumental reason is placed above anything else’. Such instrumental reasoning, which is perfectly consistent with neoliberalism, has been linked to a neoconservative agenda based on a series of ‘retro-topias’, as Bittar calls them, aiming at ‘the preservation of family, of religious values, of order and of progress’. This movement culminates today in the militarization of politics, the persecution of political opponents, the criminalization of politics, the moralization of public debate and an attempt to reduce the state’s role in the economy to a bare minimum, aiming at unprecedented privatization. Bittar concludes with a series of suggestions that, if followed, should assist in redirecting Brazilian politics towards the construction of an authentic democracy. Paulo Endo analyses the meaning for our current political context of the election of a president who openly defends the torture now taking place in prisons, an issue that is not given the attention it deserves on the political agenda. If I stated above that the failure to address the crimes against humanity committed during the civil-military dictatorship of 1964–85 means a continuation of the state of exception in the field of memory and justice, Endo’s article reveals that such a state persists also in Brazilian prisons, but now aimed mainly at the poor, marginalized and black population. The author also stresses the importance of the ‘domestic enemy’ ideology that underlies Brazilian politics nowadays and ‘justifies’ the use of force by the state. As it was during the dictatorship period, so it...

PROBLEMS OF TAX RISK MANAGEMENT IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Introduction. The theoretical bases of tax risks are considered and the author's approach to interpretation of their essence is offered. The directions of the COVID-19 pandemic's impact on tax revenues to the State Budget of Ukraine have been studied and the factors of intensification of tax risks have been determined. On this basis, scientifically sound recommendations for improving the management of tax risks in Ukraine in the economic crisis. The purpose of the article is to study the areas of intensification of tax risks in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and the development of scientifically sound proposals for improving the management of tax risks in the face of new challenges for fiscal authorities. Results. The main directions of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tax revenues to the State Budget of Ukraine are assessed. It is proved that the manifestations of the economic crisis are the main factors of intensification of tax risks in Ukraine, which are expressed in significant losses of budget revenues. Ways to optimize the mechanism of VAT refunds and directions of audit of tax benefits in order to minimize tax risks are proposed. The mechanisms of obligatory fiscalization of micro and small business settlements through the introduction of registrars of settlement operations on favorable terms for business owners without the need to hire additional employees are outlined. Possibilities of realization of the project of electronic customs as one of elements of creation of a positive business climate and minimization of tax risks are considered. Perspectives. Promising areas of research may be the study of psychological, administrative, technological, political factors of tax risks in Ukraine.

ИМПОРТОЗАМЕЩЕНИЕ КАК ОСНОВА УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ ПОДОВОЛЬСТВЕННОЙ СИСТЕМЫ РОССИИ

The article is devoted to assessing the impact of the implementation of the import substitution policy on food security and the stability of the food system in Russia in the face of new challenges and risks. Globalization processes have increased the impact of uncertainties, including the coronavirus pandemic, on the sustainable functioning of national food systems. The analysis of changes in the macroeconomic parameters of the country’s food security is carried out. A study of self-sufficiency indicators, coefficients of import priority and import load showed a decrease in the dependence of the domestic market on imports for the main types of products. The problematic segments of the food market were identified: milk and dairy products, fruits and berries. Even with high production rates in recent years, the market remains highly dependent on external supplies of fruits and berries, milk and dairy products. Import substitution processes have only slightly affected the non-agricultural stages of the agri-food complex. The pro- duction potential of the food system of Russia re- mains highly dependent on imports of the main types of machinery and equipment, technologies and innovative developments, which is an external risk of its sustainability. The strategic priorities for the development of the agri-food complex, which ensure the sustainability of the country’s food system, have been substantiated. It is concluded that the current trend in the development of food systems is not just an increase in the production of agricultural products and food. When developing and implementing agricultural policy, it is necessary to take into account the multi- functionality of food systems, which suggests a balance between meeting the growing demand for food and rational use of resources, using innovative production methods and increasing food quality, reducing environmental pollution, reducing soil degradation and greenhouse gas emissions, etc.

Analysis of challenges and opportunities in the development of new energy vehicle battery industry from the perspective of patents

Thanks to China's "three verticals and three horizontals" strategy and the important deployment of new energy policies, the new energy vehicle industry has developed rapidly. The rapid development has also led to some problems. From a macro point of use, patent is an important index to reflect the technological innovation of the industry, which can provide reference for the long-term development of the industry. From the microcosmic point of office, patent is the embodiment of the strength of research and development and core competitiveness of an enterprise, and is the weather vane of its innovation layout. Therefore, this paper will use patent analysis method, collect domestic 2002-2019 new energy vehicle patent data, analyze the current situation of china's new energy vehicle industry technology innovation from China's new energy vehicle patent application number, patent application trend, patent technology features, patent application geographical distribution, patent application body and other dimensions, comprehend the automotive industry in the face of new challenges and opportunities in the process of new energy vehicle transformation, and provide some ideas for the development of China's new energy vehicle industry on the basis of analysis of relevant issues.

Online Format of Extracurricular Education: a New Reality of Project-Based Education for Senior High School Students

Purpose of the study.The paper presents data and analyzes the practice of transferring a major All-Russian event in the system of extracurricular education – the Russian National Junior Water Competition – to a distance format due to the coronavirus pandemic. The system of extracurricular education for senior high school students formed within the framework of the Water Competition for the adaptation of school graduates to the technological and communication realities of “adult life” combines project-based training with the format of a competitive component. As part of the preparation and implementation of research projects, a student receives methodological, organizational and educational support from teachers and consultants from universities and academic institutions, attends special seminars, trainings and master classes on project activities.The system has been developing using the model of cooperation in the educational sphere “NPO-state-business” since 2003, and over these years, 32 thousand schoolchildren from all regions have completedand submitted 23 thousand research and applied projects to solve environmental problems. The winners of the regional stages take part in the All-Russian final held annually in Moscow. The winner of the final represents the country at the international Stockholm competition. 2020 events coincided with the coronavirus epidemic. It was necessary to transfer the offline final to online within a month and ensure information interaction between all participants so that the online event was a complete analogue of the offline final.Materials and methods.The transferring of traditional public events of the final into a remote format was carried out using a set of organizational measures and information technologies according to the following algorithm: the choice of technologies for videoconference and broadcasting, work with the website, training and testing of the technical capabilities of participants, work on synchronization, support and assistance to participants with a final questionnaire.Results.The obvious advantage of the online format is a significant expansion of the external audience and an exponential growth of the information footprint: during the month, more than 400 publications were posted on the Internet; the number of views was 300 thousand. The ER (Engagement Rate) ratio – an indicator of the audience’s reaction to the publication, has shown a rapid increase in comparison with previous years. The questioning of the participants made it possible to understand the mood and assessment of the events by the target audiences. The number of viewers of each broadcast event ranged from 2 to 5-6 thousand people. The online final allowed to involve in the general system of adaptation training, in addition to schoolchildren, teachers and regional partners, an interested audience, while 77% of respondents supported the full-time final, 23% – remote, noting that the organizers managed to preserve the emotional atmosphere of the final events.Conclusion.In general, the system of extracurricular education for schoolchildren, combined with a competitive component, turned out to be capable of prompt reformatting while maintaining the level and quality of events in the face of new challenges. In the process of transferring the final events of the cycle of additional adaptation education, combined with the All-Russian competition of projects for senior high school students to the remote mode, the possibility of online implementation of almost all types of interaction with the target audience – junior participants, including master classes, general discussions and personal consultations and the competitive component is shown.The possibility of using the remote format for the implementation of the organizational and information infrastructure, the operational correction of educational adaptation programs following the spread of innovative technologies that are gaining priority importance for the modern period of socio-economic development is demonstrated. At the same time, the entire volume of training cannot be reduced to formalized forms without the direct presence of teachers and consultants in the creative design process. Direct communication becomes especially relevant at the beginning of the journey when choosing a topic for training and a general understanding of environmental and related problems. It is also obvious that the effectiveness of the remote format is significantly increased for a prepared audience of participants: those who have completed additional training offline with the project development itself.

DEFENSE FINANCING FEATURES WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF THE NEW CHALLENGES

The beginning of the third millennium was marked by the desire of the leader countries (USA, China, and Russia) to geopolitical, geostrategic and geo-economic redistribution of spheres of influence. The collapse of the USSR, the dissolution of the Warsaw Pact Organization, the end of the Cold War did not bring the world closer to stability and security. Military force capabilities continue to be considered as one of the most powerful factors in world politics. Proof of this is the intensification of the struggle of the world›s superpowers for regional and global leadership, control over oil, gas and energy flows. It is worth mentioning the Transnistrian conflict, Russia-Led wars in South Ossetia and Abkhazia, the Russian-Georgian war in August 2008, the civil war in Syria, the intensification of Islamic extremism within the ISIS, Russia›s annexation of Crimea, the hybrid war unleashed and continues to wage by the Russian Federation against Ukraine. In this connection, it is becoming increasingly important to provide corresponding levels for the defense budget funding. Thus, the study of the peculiarities of defense financing in Ukraine and powerful military superpowers is of considerable scientific, practical and political interest. Comparing the defense expenditures of different countries makes it possible to identify key problem issues in the defense financing of Ukraine and bring the corresponding costs to international standards. This indicator is one of the most important criteria that characterize the state›s desire for development, relevant combat readiness of the armed forces and other military forces in the face of new challenges. The last years of the previous century were characterized by global geopolitical changes and growing contradictions, which resulted in: the transformation of the bipolar model (USA - USSR) into a multipolar (powerful military superpowers - the USA, Russia, China, Saudi Arabia, France, Japan, Germany, India, Brazil)); globalization of world economic processes; erosion through «hybrid wars», which are a new kind of global confrontation in today›s destabilized international security environment, the facets of the division between war and peace. The availability of weapons of mass destruction and high-precision weapons in the third millennium, the growth of their capacity, the complexity of military equipment and combat assets, the use of new methods and means of warfare have led to significant changes in the functions and tasks of the armed forces, increasing their number and government spending on defense purposes. Today there are about 200 armies in the world with a total number of 24-25 million people (about 0.4% of the world›s population) (Military..., 2002). The state of the troops of any state must correspond to its economic capabilities and at the same time ensure the implementation of national security tasks.