Face Of New Challenges Research Articles

The Role of Nuclear and Renewable Energy in Ensuring the Energy Security of Türkiye in the Face of New Challenges of Geo-economic Development

The article deals with the issues of Türkiye’s energy development on the issues of non-carbon energy sources, nuclear and renewable, which over the past 20 years have become new forms of energy for the country. It is most important to consider the aspects of their inclusion in the country’s unified energy citadel, to project certain problems in the country’s internal development. Despite the strategic approach of the Turkish government on the implementation of energy federalism in terms of renewable sources, where in fact each territorial and administrative unit determines the development vectors, there are certain trends towards unification and standardization in the nuclear energy industry. All this is projected onto the geo-economic field, strengthens the course of asserting energy independence in foreign policy, and also allows control (in particular, hydrological ones) over neighboring countries. The article also examines topical issues of a social and economic nature that have a direct impact on the political conjuncture of the ruling Justice and Development Party.

Modern education: development in the face of new challenges and new responses

Today the whole country and the whole world live in a new geopolitical reality and a situation of a number of challenges. That existential war waged by the collective West against Russia has shown that the future of any country is determined not only by its military and economic power, but also by its values and meanings. In order to win such a war, the superiority of neither weapons nor the economy is needed, only the influence on the enemy, carried out through education, culture, and the media. The article discusses a number of challenges that directly affect the state of the national education system.

Security issues in the region of Central Asia: challenges and prospects

The purpose of this article is to analyze the security challenges and prospects facing the states of Central Asia after the collapse of the USSR. Three stages of formation and development of regional security systems of the countries of the Central Asian region are presented. The authors characterize the steps taken by the independent states of Central Asia to maintain security in the face of new challenges and trends. The collapse of the Soviet Union marked a major transformation in the political, economic, social and cultural fields in all the former Soviet republics. For many decades, the Central Asian region as part of the USSR was the ideological and political enemy of the West in the framework of the Cold War. Despite the previous historical experience of confrontation between the USSR and NATO, the geopolitical importance of the Central Asian region has always remained high. Significant changes were required in the creation and approaches to the issues of the security system. New relations with the border states of the Central Asian region that have received independent status, as well as foreign policy partners in the person of China, Western players (US and EU) and the Russian Federation, have created a platform for both geopolitical challenges and prospects for creating regional security. However, this process is not unambiguous and for more than thirty years of sovereignty of the countries of the region has been going on within three historical periods. This article not only traces and characterizes these three stages, but also assesses the current state of security systems in the region, offering pragmatic solutions and recommendations for improvement.

Social work in the face of new challenges: blended families

In this study, we focused on blended families, which are a family type that is becoming increasingly widespread. The scarcity of current information on this type of family justifies scientific interest, but also means that there is a lack of appropriate social policies that address this phenomenon. Thematic analysis was used as the research tool. A total of 12 semi-structured interviews were conducted with members of blended families. Based on these interviews, three themes were developed: “What influences the decision to start a new family?”, “Challenges to the family configuration: normalisation strategies” and “New ways of understanding family ties”. The results suggest that these families are still built around the basic pillar of heteronormativity. Thus, further research is needed on this new family model, while pressing for more legal norms that are aligned with the new family realities. Social workers should promote the acceptance of blended families through community education.

Развитие транспортного комплекса Российской Федерации под давлением санкций 2022 года

Purpose: To analyze the development of the transport complex of the Russian Federation under the pressure of sanctions in 2022 from unfriendly countries in many aspects of our life. Previously, we have already considered the impact of the US and Western European sanctions on the development of the transport complex of the Russian Federation [1]. Now we can draw some conclusions about the development of the situation and consider the following questions: what ways have been found to overcome a difficult situation; how has the economy of the transport industry changed in 2022 and the beginning of 2023; what prospects lie ahead of the industry in the future? Methods: Comparison of the characteristics of the state and development of various main types of transport industry in 2022 with the indicators of the previous period of 2020-2021. Results: It is shown that since the end of February 2022, after the start of the special military operation, the Russian Federation has been under strong pressure in the form of a number of sanctions, mainly from the United States and Western Europe. The sanctions have greatly affected the Russian transport complex: a shortage of spare parts for cars, the inability to import by rail and the closure of airspace. Currently , new details are emerging almost every day related to the introduction of additional sanctions, their consequences, as well as facts confirming the increasing resilience of the Russian transport industry to these sanctions. Practical significance: The necessity of further analysis of the facts confirming the stability of the Russian transport industry in the face of new challenges and global pressure on the Russian economy of unfrie ndly Western countries and the United States is shown.

Russian view on the political landscape of Latin America

The article analyses the collective monograph “Latin America: political landscape against the backdrop of turbulence”, published at the Institute of Latin America of the Russian Academy of Sciences, edited by Doctor of Political Sciences Z.V. Ivanovsky. The monograph attempts to answer the questions, what path of development the countries of Latin America will take and how they will build their relations with the outside world in the new geopolitical reality. The answers are of great importance for predicting the nature of future relations between the countries of Latin America and the European Union. The author gives an assessment of the alignment of political forces in the face of new challenges both in individual countries and in the region as a whole. Particular emphasis is placed on the results of the latest election campaigns that are shaping a new political landscape in Latin America. The author notes that there are chances for solving deep social problems in Latin America, overcoming interstate contradictions and intensifying integration processes.

«THERMAL COUP» OF VICE-CHANCELLOR R. HABECK: CONSEQUENCES FOR GERMANY’s ECONOMICS AND POLITICS

In the face of new challenges for the energy transition, since spring 2022, the German Cabinet of Ministers has been paying special attention to the energy saving of buildings, which are one of the main sources of greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. The Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Protection has consistently increased the mandatory use of renewable energy sources for heating and electricity consumption. Since the beginning of 2023, at the initiative of its head, at the same time acting vice-chancellor, R. Habeck, a mechanism for the preferential use of heat pumps as a strategic basis for the so-called thermal transition has been discussed at the government level. The peculiarity was the absence of a traditional organized public discussion in such cases with the involvement of specialized interest groups. Moreover, facts of internal lobbying at the level of one of the state secretaries of the ministry were revealed. In April, the government coalition proposed a draft to make a number of qualitative changes to the Law on the Energy of Buildings. It provoked sharp criticism and rejection from the Free Democratic Party, the expert and business community, as well as representatives of federal subjects. Against this background, German and foreign manufacturers of heat pumps have stepped up efforts to conquer new market niches. The article examines the essence of the amendments proposed by the coalition, the prospects for their adoption, the content of criticism of the bill by specialized associations and unions, the possible consequences of the future law for economic and economic political processes in Germany.

IMPROVING THE PROCESS OF TRAINING OF SALES PERSONNEL IN UKRAINIAN COMPANIES

The article is devoted to the problem of improving the process of training sales personnel in Ukrainian companies. The stages of implementation of sales training in Ukrainian companies are considered. The process of developing educational programs is considered in detail. All types of group and individual training programs were analyzed. The advantages of training sales personnel for Ukrainian companies have been determined. The workforce plays a special role in the activity of any enterprise. At the same time, it should be noted that in companies that aim to enter foreign markets, human resources become extremely important. Personnel selection, motivation, training, adaptation and other elements of management become even more important. Sales training is an organized program to improve the skills, abilities, attitudes and performance of sales personnel to achieve sales objectives through best practices. It is organized to support the sales performance of the sales force to make them adapt strategically to changes in sales practices to also support the profits of the enterprise. It is a process developed with sales personnel to bridge the gap that exists between what salespeople have and what the sales force requires in order to achieve the desired sales results in the sales environment. This gap can be closed because sales training allows salespeople to learn job-related concepts and develop skills and attitudes that will undoubtedly increase their productivity. In fact, it helps salespeople adapt their behavior to win the sales race in the face of new challenges. The goal of a sales training program is to improve sales performance and achieve the best possible sales success. It helps the sales company/executive who wants to improve their sales skills. These are the most common goals, but they vary widely depending on the types of skills that salespeople lack, the types of training programs, and the environment.

Robust and fast representation learning for heterogeneous information networks

Network representation learning is an important tool that can be used to optimize the speed and performance of downstream analysis tasks by extracting latent features of heterogeneous networks. However, in the face of new challenges of increasing network size, diverse latent features, and unseen network noise, existing representation models need to be further optimized. In this paper, a robust and fast representation learning model is proposed for heterogeneous networks, called RFRL. First, the global features of a heterogeneous network are divided into multiple intra-type local features and inter-type local features, and a type-aware biased sampling is designed to generate training samples for each local feature. Second, a node-type-aware and a link-type-aware shallow representation strategy are used to learn intra-type features and inter-type features respectively. This enables the model to achieve good performance while having high speed through the divide-and-conquer learning process and shallow learning model, thus coping with increasing network size and latent feature diversity. Finally, adversarial learning is used to integrate the above two representation strategies to address unseen network noise and enhance the robustness of representation learning. Extensive experiments on three network analysis tasks and three public datasets demonstrate the good performance of our RFRL model.

Economic integration in the face of new challenges for the European economy

Recent events in the world economy, such as the pandemic and the war in Ukraine, have special implications for the countries that are part of the most advanced integration group in the world – the European Union (EU). In order to face new challenges, the EU must constantly evolve, because leaving the structure unchanged could mean stagnation and collapse. The paper aims to assess the functioning of the European Union in the conditions of the new ‘post-pandemic’ reality and the consequences of the war in Ukraine, and to review the prospects for further integration. The paper uses a diagnostic approach that involves establishing the actual state of affairs, assessing it, and considering the possibility of its improvement. As a result of the considerations undertaken, it can be assumed that the stability (and even the survival) of the EU seem to be favoured more by integration initiatives referring to the neo-functional theory and federal approach rather than the confederal approach. It is justified to increase the role of the political spill-over effect and the assumptions of heterodox economics. Historical experience leads to the conclusion that failure to take appropriate initiatives may trigger the disintegration mechanism and, consequently, the collapse of the European integration project.

Влияние новых геополитических условий на многовекторную внешнюю политику Казахстана

he relevance of the topic of this article is determined by the need to study the multi-vector foreign policy of Kazakhstan in the face of new challenges and risks for the foreign policy of the state. The scientific novelty of the research results is that the theory and practice of conducting foreign policy in transit and in the posttransit period is a little-studied problem in the field of international relations and related scientific disciplines. The article conducted research on modern geo–economic and geopolitical realities and analyzed the adaptability of the theory and practice of the main principle of Kazakhstan's foreign policy - multi-vector approach to the new geopolitical agenda. The multilateral foreign policy of Kazakhstan at the present stage is analyzed through the prism of the theories of geopolitics, rational choice and dependence/interdependence. To study the adaptability of the main principle of the foreign policy strategy of the Republic of Kazakhstan at the present stage, criteria, theoretical approaches were determined in the study of multi-vector, its effectiveness in modern international relations. An analysis of foreign policy risks showed that they are all related to the interdependence of the Kazakh economy and diplomacy with its closest neighbors, in relation to which a multivector approach developed in the conditions of the formation of a multipolar world. New geopolitical realities indicate the expansion of the range of opportunities and at the same time the complication of the political space along the perimeter of the borders of Kazakhstan. A clearly built and conceptually substantiated multivector foreign policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in practice needs constant adjustment. This is due to the more complex global realities, constant turbulence and the transformation of modern international relations

New challenges and threats in the digital space: security as a criterion for the development of information technologies

The object of this study is public relations related to information security in The Russian Federation in the face of new challenges and threats, as well as digital transformation and geopolitical changes. The subject of the study forms a set of legal norms of normative legal acts of the Russian Federation regulating public relations in the field of information security, as well as the provisions of theoretical interdisciplinary research in this area. Special attention is paid to security issues, which occupy one of the key values in the domestic and foreign policy of the state, determining further national interests and strategic national priorities, goals and objectives of state policy and sustainable development of the state for the long term. The issues of ensuring information security are becoming more and more urgent in view of the global digital transformation of all spheres of life, as well as the aggravation of geopolitical contradictions and the strengthening of interstate information warfare. The author concludes that it is obvious that it is expedient to legislate at the federal level the legal foundations of the national information security system in the Russian Federation in order to use information and legal means in the conditions of digitalization, the growth of geopolitical challenges and risks, the global socio-economic crisis, the formation of a multipolarity of the world, aimed at increasing the security of Russian information resources, information systems and objects of information infrastructure. The author raises the question of the possibility of including certain legal norms in the domestic information legislation in the part in which such norms regulate relations in the field of performance by public administration bodies of functions ensuring security in the information sphere.

Editorial

The physicist and science communicator Jorge Wagensberg used to say that the creativity of the human mind requires three things: to have a good idea, to know that the idea is good, and to convince others of it. But to have a good idea, we first need to look curiously at the world around us and ask the right questions. These questions may need to change as knowledge grows and events unfold. Years ago, when we talked about the climate emergency, the main question was what we needed to do to prevent climate change from crossing critical thresholds. The problem is that we did not take this question very seriously, or perhaps we did not like the answer enough, and so the main question we are facing now is how to ensure that the impact of climate change on our societies is minimised, and how to adapt to this new scenario which, if nothing changes, will only get worse in the coming years. What is both comical and worrying is that just as the consequences of climate change are becoming impossible to deny or ignore, the number and aggressiveness of climate deniers and delayers on the Internet is growing in parallel.
 In this scenario, it is more important than ever to reflect on the models of science communication that we are currently implementing, as Professor Hans Peter Peters does in the article that opens this new volume of Metode Science Studies Journal. This volume contains four monographs that address necessary questions and issues, such as the opportunities, challenges and threats facing drylands today, the origins of human societies, the One Health framework and how it can help us, and whether there is anything natural about the concept of beauty. Four monographs born of curiosity about the world around us, our own species, and the questions we ask ourselves in the face of new challenges that make us think and reflect. In short, they are the genesis of new ideas, always based on science.

The role of brics countries in the modern global economic space

The article examines the place of the BRICS countries integration association in the global economic space. It was determined that the intensification of the economic influence of the BRICS economies over the last decade will transform the global economy. BRICS has great economic and political potential, which remains fully unrealized. Brazil, russia, India, China and South Africa have significant integration potential, the implementation of which will allow more effective influence on global processes. A suitable monetary policy with the dual goals of boosting international reserves and decreasing public debt contributes to macroeconomic stability. The BRICS countries have significant natural resources, which include energy carriers, vast spaces, unique ecological, in particular, freshwater reserves, as well as the «lungs of the planet». As a result, the economic and resource base of the BRICS can meet the needs of all humanity, should the need arise. Countries have the potential to become important sources of FDI, including flows to developing countries and among themselves, supporting so-called South-South cooperation. In the conditions of the coronavirus pandemic, the BRICS countries confirmed their readiness to respond flexibly to the changing situation in the world and demonstrated unity in the face of new challenges and threats. Thus, the New Development Bank established within BRICS timely announced the creation of a special credit mechanism to overcome the consequences of the coronavirus infection. At this time, the members of the interstate association are actively exchanging experience with the aim of reducing the spread of covid-19 and preventing the emergence of new foci of infection. It was determined that the global institutional system should be based on the network principle of the organization of power, since the significant concentration of economic entities on global markets under the objective trends of the growth of the population of the earth, the increase in the amount of resource consumption and other circumstances require making mobile and flexible decisions and reducing costs for the maintenance of the administrative apparatus. It was concluded that the coordinated digital transformation of the BRICS space, the real strengthening of digital interaction within the framework of the common platform, financial and interbank cooperation, deepening of trade relations, increasing the intra-group investment flow, etc., can be promising vectors for the development of cooperation within the framework of BRICS.

The Era of Digitalization and Sustainable Development: Problems and Prospects

The global economic crisis and the current geopolitical conditions have made significant changes in the scenarios for the development of the global and Russian economies, the implementation of sustainable development goals. The article is devoted to the study of the implementation of sustainable development goals in a crisis and digital transformation. The methodological basis of the study was the provisions of economic theory and macroeconomic analysis, as well as the provisions of the concept of sustainable development. On the basis of a comparative analysis, an assessment was made of the introduction of modern principles of sustainable development in developed economies and in our country. The study made it possible to reveal the uneven implementation of the sustainable development goals in the world; in our country, state programs have not yet been adopted that allow the transition to sustainable development and the introduction of green technologies. The need to implement the key goals of sustainable development and diversification of the economy, to create and develop new sectors of the economy, has been determined. The directions of digital development of key sectors of the domestic economy in the face of new challenges and threats are substantiated.

УСТОЙЧИВОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ РОССИИ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКОГО ПЕРЕХОДА

Availability, types and access to energy resources significantly affect the economic development of particular industries and the country as a whole. The concept of sustainable development entails that the energy system must meet the requirements of balanced economic, environmental, and social sustainability to achieve sustainability. The Climate Agenda remains a long-term trend, and its relevance is not waning, despite the ongoing transformation of the Russian economy. Responsible development in Russia directly relates to sustainable development and the ESG agenda, and remains relevant in the face of new challenges. Russia is developing all areas and is also improving traditional generation, striving not only to reduce greenhouse gas emissions but to ensure that the impact of traditional generation on climate change is minimized.

THE RUSSIAN SYSTEM OF CIVIL EDUCATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATIONS AND NEW GEOPOLITICAL CHALLENGES

The current digital revolution has already led to a significant transformation of the content, methods, forms and intensity of civic participation in the socio-political life of almost all states of the world. Modern information and communication technologies have influenced the forms and mechanisms for the implementation of public policy in general, have transformed the process of political communication, creating a new virtual dimension of the public sphere. Obviously, the changes that have taken place require citizens to master new competencies that will allow them to effectively interact both with each other and with government institutions within the framework of a new social and political reality. Therefore, the problem of forming a new, civic competence is one of the key ones in the context of the current process of digitalization of politics and management. The relevance of the issues under study is determined, on the one hand, by the extraordinary acceleration of the pace of development and transformation of all spheres of society, which, in turn, dictates the need to create tools to speed up and simplify the process of adaptation, both for each specific individual and socially political institutions, to a rapidly changing reality, and on the other hand, the task of preserving and strengthening the existing political system of the Russian Federation and the foundations of the constitutional order, which is of particular importance in the context of ongoing information wars, the spread of fakes, including the activities of state authorities and state structures, global problems (such as turbulence in world politics, the COVID-19 pandemic, terrorism, climate change, lack of natural resources) and local (unemployment, separatism, poverty), as well as a number of other dangers and threats that continue to face modern states. This article is aimed at forming the conceptual foundations for optimizing the system of Russian civic education in the face of new challenges and risks. The authors pay special attention to the theoretical understanding of the «civic education» concept, identifying its features and functional characteristics. Based on a comparative approach, the authors analyze the scientific literature that touches upon the issues of civic participation, education, forms and methods of its improvement in modern conditions. In conclusion, the authors turn to concrete examples and formulate recommendations for the successful formation of a conceptual model for optimizing the Russian system of civic education.

Formation of a culture of information security of citizens of the Russian Federation in the face of new challenges: public law problems

The article is devoted to the study of legal issues of the development of information security culture of citizens of the Russian Federation in the context of the digital transformation of society. Given the priority of the tasks of ensuring information security in the national security system of the Russian Federation, the purpose of this article is to identify legal problems in the process of implementing the strategic tasks of ensuring national information security, including ensuring the information security of the state, society and citizens. At the same time, the attention of the authors is focused on the legal problems of forming a culture of information security of citizens, since they are the most vulnerable objects of information-psychological, destructive influence. The need to ensure the state of protection of citizens in the information space is associated not only with the realization of their rights, but also requires compliance with relevant duties and rules of conduct. The formation of a culture of information security requires the improvement of state policy aimed at the development of legal regulation not only in the private law, but also in the public law sphere. In connection with this, the authors substantiate the conclusion that these legal problems require scientific research in public law science, given the new passport of the specified scientific specialty. In the process of research, the tasks set were implemented using general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis). Based on the dialectical method, it has been established that a wide range of challenges and threats to information security in modern conditions requires interdisciplinary and intersectoral approaches. It has been substantiated that it is necessary to develop an integrated approach and conduct a general information campaign for the population aimed at increasing legal literacy on information security issues, contributing to an increase in the level of trust in digital services and further digitalization of the state economy.

Media Anti-Discriminatory Practices in War Conditions

With the beginning of the full-scale military invasion of the Russian Federation into Ukraine, the media sphere became one of the priorities of the national struggle. In the conditions of a hybrid war, the Russian Federation actively used the media space for propaganda, inciting inter-ethnic enmity and forming electoral support among the population. However, with the beginning of a full-scale military invasion, propaganda and the creation of fake news were significantly activated, however, the official media resources of Ukraine by the formation of truthful and unbiased information, as well as the development of information policy. The fight against prejudiced attitudes towards Ukrainian refugees and forcibly displaced persons, attitudes towards the war and the political situation in Ukraine, psychological rehabilitation, and support for forcibly displaced persons both in Ukraine and abroad became new challenges. These priorities became the basis for the formation of an information policy on anti-discrimination measures in Ukraine and the international arena. The study developed a model for assessing priorities and a practical algorithm for their implementation in the face of new challenges. The research methodology is based on conducting a sociological survey to form a table of parameters of the results of factor evaluation. Based on the assessment, a priority function is formed, which can be displayed by implementing a graph-correlation model. The developed proposals have practical relevance in terms of searching for new forms of implementation of anti-discrimination policy in the media space in modern global challenges.

Agribusiness development and insurance as a factor of Georgia’s economic growth

Georgia is a small state, stretched between two seas, which has always aroused constant interest in the world due to its geopolitical position. Many called it Iberia or Iveria, and often called Gurjistan. At the crossroads of Europe and Asia, this small oasis attracted many conquerors not only because of its importance, but also because of its culture, historical buildings and fruitful lands. Georgia is a sunny and fertile country, where everything blooms and pleases. Our ancestors from ancient times engaged in agriculture, cattle breeding and had an active connection with the land. According to historical sources, Georgia is more than four thousand years old, and the Georgian alphabet and writing are unique to the whole world. Since the fourth century, Christianity has been our state religion, but the country unites representatives of many cultural ethnic groups and religious beliefs. A completely different historical page began after the collapse of the Soviet Union, when Georgia found itself alone in the face of new challenges and realities. Although we do not have oil and gas ores, which allows the state to develop rapidly, in other areas we may well take a leading position. For example, it is possible to develop the tourism sector at a high level, since the country is distinguished by its historical monuments, some of which are included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. However, a small state like Georgia can focus on agriculture and succeed. For rural welfare, there is the Rural Development Agency, which coordinates projects with the Ministry of Environment and Agriculture of Georgia and assists enterprises interested in this area. Since 2014, the Agricultural Insurance scheme has been operating, the purpose of which is to promote the development of the insurance market in the agricultural sector, promote agricultural activities, save income and reduce risks for those involved in this activity. Our topic is about the development of agribusiness and insurance, which is one of the key factors in Georgia's economic growth.