Turmeric Rhizome Extract Research Articles

Preparation of Curcuma Longa L. Extract Nanoparticles Using Supercritical Solution Expansion

Nanoparticles of Curcuma longa Linn (turmeric) rhizome extract were prepared using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2). The SC-CO2 was used for sample pre-treatment, including lipophilic compounds removal and extraction, as well as particle production. The particle formation process was based on the expansion of supercritical solution of plant extract into a secondary chamber. In the course of the expansion of supercritical solution process, the herbal extract changed from dissolved mode at higher pressures to precipitated mode at lower pressures, as long as the pressures were higher than the critical pressure. The particle growth via coagulation was limited by a large number of unsuccessful collisions between CO2 molecules and primary nuclei due to the presence of pressurized CO2 molecules where the particle formation occurs. The presence of curcumin derivatives in nanoparticles was confirmed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry results. Irregular to quasi-spherical particles with average diameter of 47 ± 20 nm (n = 300) were prepared at a pre-expansion pressure of 35 MPa, pressure drop of 24 MPa, temperature of 50°C, equilibration time of 30 min, collection time of 60 min, extract volume of 30 μL, and feeding solution concentration of 2 mg mL−1.

Effects of Neem (Azadirachta indica) seed and Turmeric (Curcuma longa) rhizome extracts on aphids control, plant growth and yield in okra

The use of synthetic pesticides to control pests and increase crops yield is a common practice, but they cause several environmental and health problems. Therefore, there is a need to explore alternative approaches to reduce the sole dependence on synthetic pesticides. The present study was conducted to screen the extracts of Neem seed and Turmeric rhizome for pesticidal activities against okra pests (aphids). Experiments were conducted in field with four plots. One plot was kept as a control (unsprayed) and one was sprayed with synthetic pesticides, one with Neem seeds extract and one with Turmeric rhizome extract. The effect on number of pests, plant growth and yield was observed at regular intervals. A significant reduction in pests was recorded in all treatments as compared to the control. Neem seed extract was more effective than Turmeric rhizome extract as revealed by a 73% decrease in aphids by Neem extract in comparison to 54% by Turmeric extract after last application. Both the extracts were found to be more effective than the synthetic pesticides in controlling okra pests. Both the extracts had stimulatory effects on okra growth and yield. For example, the total yield of plots sprayed with Neem (53.3 kg plot-1) and Turmeric extract (47.7 kg plot-1) was higher than the yield of control plot (33.8 kg plot-1) and plot sprayed with synthetic pesticides (39 kg plot-1). It is concluded that Neem and Turmeric extracts can be used as alternative of synthetic pesticides for controlling pests attacks in okra.

Efektivitas Kunyit (Curcuma longa Linn) terhadap Esherichia coli dan Bacillus subtilis

Herbal plants that serve as a drug, one of which is turmeric that has a role as an antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-cancer, digestive disorders. Because it contains compounds curcumin and essential oils. The purpose of this research is to know the optimal concentration of dry extract of turmeric rhizome (Curcuma longa L) in inhibiting the growth of E. coli and Bacillus subtilis. This research method using diffusion agar Kirby Bauer. In this study, turmeric extract at 15% concentration had antibacterial efficacy against Bacillus subtilis (0,7 mm) greater than Escherichia coli (0,63 mm).

Phytochemical Properties and Antimicrobial Activities of Aqueous Extract of Curcuma longa (Turmeric) Rhizome Extract

Phytochemical Properties and Antimicrobial Activities of Aqueous Extract of Curcuma longa (Turmeric) Rhizome Extract

Antioxidant Activity of Combination Ethanol Extract of Turmeric Rhizome (Curcuma Domestica Val) and Ethanol Extract of Trengguli Bark (Cassia Fistula L) with DPPH Method

Turmeric rhizome ( Curcuma domestica Val) and Trengguli bark ( Cassia fistula L) contain antioxidant compounds which can be determined by 1,1-Diphenyl-2- Pycrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical inhibition method. This research was conducted to determine DPPH free radical inhibition by ethanol extract of turmeric rhizome, the ethanol extract of trengguli bark, and a combination of turmeric rhizome extract - trengguli bark extract (1:1,5) with ascorbic acid as a comparison. Identification of secondary metabolite classes is performed by phytochemical screening. Antioxidant activity was performed by inhibition of free radical color of DPPH using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The study showed IC 50 value of ascorbic acid, as a comparasion, is 3,14 μg/mL. While ethanol extract of trengguli bark has the best antioxidant activity with IC 50 value 10,98 μg/mL compare to combination ethanol extract of turmeric rhizome - trengguli bark (1 :1,5) and ethanol extract of turmeric rhizome with IC 50 value is 13,70 μg/mL and 41,95 μg/mL, respectively. K eywords: Antioxidant, Curcuma domestica, Cassia fistula, DPPH Method

Antioxidant Activity of Combination Ethanol Extract of Turmeric Rhizome (Curcuma Domestica Val) and Ethanol Extract of Trengguli Bark (Cassia Fistula L) with DPPH Method

Turmeric rhizome ( Curcuma domestica Val) and Trengguli bark ( Cassia fistula L) contain antioxidant compounds which can be determined by 1,1-Diphenyl-2- Pycrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical inhibition method. This research was conducted to determine DPPH free radical inhibition by ethanol extract of turmeric rhizome, the ethanol extract of trengguli bark, and a combination of turmeric rhizome extract - trengguli bark extract (1:1,5) with ascorbic acid as a comparison. Identification of secondary metabolite classes is performed by phytochemical screening. Antioxidant activity was performed by inhibition of free radical color of DPPH using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The study showed IC 50 value of ascorbic acid, as a comparasion, is 3,14 μg/mL. While ethanol extract of trengguli bark has the best antioxidant activity with IC 50 value 10,98 μg/mL compare to combination ethanol extract of turmeric rhizome - trengguli bark (1 :1,5) and ethanol extract of turmeric rhizome with IC 50 value is 13,70 μg/mL and 41,95 μg/mL, respectively. K eywords: Antioxidant, Curcuma domestica, Cassia fistula, DPPH Method

THE EFFECT OF TUMERIC RHIZOME (CURCUMA LONGA L) ON RADIAL ARM MAZE AND PASSIVE AVOIDANCE TEST IN TRIMETILINE-INDUCED RAT MODELS

Backround : Oxidative stress can cause death of hippocampal cells associated to the deficit of learning and memory function. Turmeric rhizome contains curcuminoid which has antioxidant activity that can prevent oxidative stress, thus it was expected to prevent the deficit of learning and memory function on trimethyltin (TMT)-induced rat models. Objectve : This study aimed to determine the effect of turmeric rhizome extract on cognitive learning and memory fuction which was tested using radial arm maze and passive avoidance tests on Wistar rats injected with TMT. Methods : A total of 30 Wistar rats, male, 8-12 weeks of age were divided into 6 groups. The first (normal) group was given CMC-Na, the second (TMT) group was given CMC-Na, the third-the fifth groups were given turmeric rhizome extract (TRE) orally in the dosage of 120mg/kgBW (TRE120), 240 mg/kgBW (TRE240) and 480 mg/kgBW (TRE480), respectivelly. The sixth (P500) group was given piracetam in the dosage of 500 mg/kgBW. Treatments were given for 8 days orally. At day-9th, excluding the first group, all rats were injected with 12 mg/kgBW TMT solution intraperitoneally. One day after TMT injection, the cognitive learning and memory function was measured using radial maze and passive avoidance tests. The datas of cognitve function tests were analyzed statistically by ANOVA test followed by LSD test at significance level 0.05. Results : The results of radial maze and passive avoidance tests showed that the TRE240 group was not statistically significant different with TMT group(p>0.05). However there were significant difference between TRE120 and TMT groups, as well as between TRE480 and TMT groups (p 0.05). Conclusion : It can be concluded that the administration of 480 mg/kgBW of TRE can improve cognitive learning and memory function of Wistar rats injected by TMT.

Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) extract may prevent the deterioration of spatial memory and the deficit of estimated total number of hippocampal pyramidal cells of trimethyltin-exposed rats

Context: Protection of neurons from degeneration is an important preventive strategy for dementia. Much of the dementia pathology implicates oxidative stress pathways. Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) contains curcuminoids which has anti-oxidative and neuro-protective effects. These effects are considered to be similar to those of citicoline which has been regularly used as one of standard medications for dementia.Objective: This study aimed at investigating the effects of turmeric rhizome extract on the hippocampus of trimethyltin (TMT)-treated Sprague-Dawley rats.Materials and methods: The rats were divided randomly into six groups, i.e., a normal control group (N); Sn group, which was given TMT chloride; Sn-Cit group, which was treated with citicoline and TMT chloride; and three Sn-TE groups, which were treated with three different dosages of turmeric rhizome extract and TMT chloride. Morris water maze test was carried out to examine the spatial memory. The estimated total number of CA1 and CA2–CA3 pyramidal cells was calculated using a stereological method.Results: The administration of turmeric extract at a dose of 200 mg/kg bw has been shown to prevent the deficits in the spatial memory performance and partially inhibit the reduction of the number of CA2–CA3 regions pyramidal neurons.Discussion: TMT-induced neurotoxic damage seemed to be mediated by the generation of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species. Turmeric extract might act as anti inflammatory as well as anti-oxidant agent.Conclusions: The effects of turmeric extract at a dose of 200 mg/kg bw seem to be comparable to those of citicoline.

Accumulation of secondary metabolites in response to antioxidant activity of turmeric rhizomes co-inoculated with native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria

The present study was aimed at investigating the therapeutic potential of methanol crude extract of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) rhizome co-inoculated with native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus, Gigaspora and Acaulospora sp.), phosphate solubilizer Bacillus megaterium and diazotrophic bacteria, Azospirillum amazonense and Azotobacter sp. To achieve the goals, parameters like free-radical (DPPH, ABTS) scavenging capacity, total phenolic contents, total flavonoids contents and percentage of curcumin content were examined. A significant increase of these secondary metabolites were observed in inoculated plants compared to non-inoculated controls revealing strong antioxidant activities of turmeric against DPPH and ABTS radicals in the range of 80–97%. The high amount of flavonoids (179.07–493.15mg REg−1), phenolic contents (83.07–151.54mg GAEg−1) and percentage of curcumin (4.81–6.09%) present in all the methanolic extracts of dried rhizomes might be responsible for the observed antioxidant activity.

Inhibitory activity of different medicinal extracts from Thuja leaves, ginger roots, Harmal seeds and turmeric rhizomes against Fig leaf mottle-associated virus 1 (FLMaV-1) infecting figs in Mecca region.

Fig leaf mottle-associated virus-1 (FLMaV-1) is a closterovirus newly identified in fig trees, in the Mecca region, suffering from mosaic disease symptoms and apparently is compromising the fig plantation in the country. In the present study, we demonstrated the efficiency of two in vivo experiments including pre and post treatments using Thuja leaf, ginger roots, Harmal seeds and turmeric rhizome extracts on symptoms expression of rooted cuttings infected with FLMaV-1- and their impact on virus multiplication. Results showed that individual treatments with ginger roots and turmeric rhizomes in pre-grafting experiments and Thuja extract following Harmal seeds in post grafting experiments were efficient against symptom development. In addition, results showed that the total photosynthesis pigments; total soluble intracellular proteins and total phenol contents were higher in infected treated cuttings compared with healthy ones, thus it was taken as evidence on a mutual interaction between these extracts and virus multiplication.

Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Turmeric Rhizome Extract on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Antioxidant Capability, and Meat Quality of Wenchang Broiler Chickens

Our study aimed to determine the effect of increasing dietary levels of turmeric rhizome extract (TRE) on performance, carcass characteristics, antioxidant capability and meat quality of Wenchang broiler chickens. Three hundred, 1-day-old Wenchang broiler chickens were brooded together for 2 weeks, then randomly allocated into four treatments with five replicates of 15 birds each. Birds were fed a corn-soybean basal diet supplemented with TRE at 0, 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg for 12 weeks. The results revealed that a TRE-supplemented diet had no significant effect (P>0.05) on the body weight, although birds fed a diet with TRE at 100 and 200 mg/kg had higher average daily weight gains and average daily feed as compared to controls from 9 to 12 week (P<0.05). Also, the addition of TRE at 100 to 300 mg/kg had a better feed conversion ratio compared to controls from week 9 to 12 (P<0.05). Dietary supplementation with TRE at 300 mg/kg increased the breast muscle weight ratio (P<0.05). Meanwhile, dietary supplementation with TRE at 100 to 300 mg/kg reduced the abdominal fat ratio (P<0.05), compared to that of the control group. TRE increased enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, and reduced malondiadehhyde concentrations, compared to the control group. Dietary TRE supplementation at 300 mg/kg decreased the drip loss in both breast muscle and thigh muscles, compared with the control group (P<0.05). In conclusion, dietary TRE supplementation enhanced antioxidant capability, growth performance, breast muscle weight ratio, and reduced the abdominal fat ratio of Wenchang broiler chickens.

EVALUATION OF PHYTOEXTRACTS AGAINST FUSARIUM SOLANI CAUSING ROOT ROT OF OKRA

Okra (Abelmoschusesculentus L.) is an important vegetable crop, severely attacked by rootrot (Fusariumsolani) in Junagadh district, Gujarat state (India). The pathogen causedgrayish discoloration of stem near the soil base, root became soft and vascularbundles turned into brownish in colour results in drying of plants. Thereforeeffords was made to screen the different phytoextracts in laboratory conditionagainst test fungus. Among that maximum inhibition was obtained in turmeric rhizomeextract (62.72%) which followed by jatropha leaf extract (52.57%) and neemleaves extract (48.46%).

Green Synthesis of Curcumin Capped Gold Nanoparticles and Evaluation of Their Cytotoxicity

A green approach to synthesize gold nanoparticles using turmeric rhizome extract, curcumin and curcumin glycoside acting as reducing and stabilizing agents at room temperature is described. The obtained gold nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The possible mechanism for the stabilization of nanoparticles is due to the chelation of metal with 1,3-diketone functionality of the curcumin. The gold nanoparticle curcumin hybrids show long term colloidal stability. Furthermore we evaluate the cytotoxic behaviour of curcumin glycoside-Au nanoparticles.

Antiproliferative Activities of Lesser Galangal (Alpinia officinarum Hance Jam1), Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), and Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) Against Acute Monocytic Leukemia

Acute monocytic leukemia (AML M5 or AMoL) is one of the several types of leukemia that are still awaiting cures. The use of chemotherapy for cancer management can be harmful to normal cells in the vicinity of the target leukemia cells. This study assessed the potency of the extracts from lesser galangal, turmeric, and ginger against AML M5 to use the suitable fractions in neutraceuticals. Aqueous and organic solvent extracts from the leaves and rhizomes of lesser galangal and turmeric, and from the rhizomes only of ginger were examined for their antiproliferative activities against THP-1 AMoL cells in vitro. Lesser galangal leaf extracts in organic solvents of methanol, chloroform, and dichloromethane maintained distinctive antiproliferative activities over a 48-h period. The turmeric leaf and rhizome extracts and ginger rhizome extracts in methanol also showed distinctive anticancer activities. The lesser galangal leaf methanol extract was subsequently separated into 13, and then 18 fractions using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Fractions 9 and 16, respectively, showed the greatest antiproliferative activities. These results indicate that the use of plant extracts might be a safer approach to finding a lasting cure for AMoL. Further investigations will be required to establish the discriminatory tolerance of normal cells to these extracts, and to identify the compounds in these extracts that possess the antiproliferative activities.

In vitro antidiabetic and inhibitory potential of turmeric (Curcuma longa L) rhizome against cellular and LDL oxidation and angiotensin converting enzyme.

Turmeric (Curcuma longa L) rhizome extracts were evaluated for their antidiabetic, antihypertensive and antioxidant potentials. α-Glucosidase (0.4μg/mL) and α-amylase (0.4μg/mL) inhibitory potential of turmeric ethyl acetate extract was significantly higher than those of the reference drug acarbose (17.1μg/mL and 290.6μg/mL respectively). Protein glycation inhibitory potential of ethyl acetate extract was 800 times higher than that of ascorbic acid. High potential of ethyl acetate extract to scavenge free radicals and to reduce LDL oxidation and cellular oxidative stress was also revealed. The positive correlation obtained between the free radical scavenging capacity of the extracts and their antiglycation potential further confirmed the role of antioxidants in controlling glycation reactions. Ethyl acetate extract was also found as effective in reducing hypertension by inhibiting angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). Antidiabetic, ACE inhibitory and antioxidant capacities of the extracts were in the order of their curcumin contents.

Safety evaluation of turmeric polysaccharide extract: assessment of mutagenicity and acute oral toxicity.

Curcuma longa Linn. (Zingiberaceae) commonly known as turmeric has long been used for centuries as a spice and household remedy. The present study was carried out to assess the possible mutagenic potential and acute oral toxicity of polysaccharide extract of turmeric rhizome (NR-INF-02) using standard tests. The standard battery of in vitro genotoxicity tests, bacterial reverse mutation test (BRMT), chromosome aberration (CA), and micronucleus (MN) tests were employed to assess the possible mutagenic activity of NR-INF-02 (Turmacin). The results showed no mutagenic effect with NR-INF-02 up to a dose of 5000 µg/mL in BRMT. The results on CA and MN tests revealed the non clastogenic activity of NR-INF-02 in a dose range of 250.36 to 2500 µg/mL with and without metabolic activation (S9). In acute oral toxicity study, NR-INF-02 was found to be safe up to 5 g/kg body weight in Wistar rats. Overall, results indicated that polysaccharide extract of C. longa was found to be genotoxically safe and also exhibited maximum tolerable dose of more than 5 g/kg rat body weight.

Hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory properties of aqueous extract of Curcuma longa in carbon tetra chloride intoxicated Swiss albino mice

Objective To evaluate the hepatoprotective and immunotherapeutic effects of aqueous extract of turmeric rhizome in CCl 4 intoxicated Swiss albino mice. Methods First group of mice ( n=5) received CCl 4 treatment at a dose of 0.5 mL/kg bw (i.p.) for 7 days. Second group was fed orally the aqueous extract of turmeric at a dose of 50 mg/kg bw for 15 days. The third group was given both the turmeric extract (for 15 days, orally) and CCl 4 (for last 7 days, i.p.). The fourth group was kept as a control. To study the liver function, the transaminase enzymes (SGOT and SGPT) and bilirubin level were measured in the serum of respective groups. For assaying the immunotherapeutic action of Curcuma longa ( C. longa), non specific host response parameters like morphological alteration, phagocytosis, nitric oxide release, myeloperoxidase release and intracellular killing capacity of peritoneal macrophages were studied from the respective groups. Results The result of present study suggested that CCl4 administration increased the level of SGOT and SGPT and bilirubin level in serum. However, the aqueous extract of turmeric reduced the level of SGOT, SGPT and bilirubin in CCl 4 intoxicated mice. Apart from damaging the liver system, CCl 4 also reduced non specific host response parameters like morphological alteration, phagocytosis, nitric oxide release, myeloperoxidase release and intracellular killing capacity of peritoneal macrophages. Administration of aqueous extract of C. longa offered significant protection from these damaging actions of CCl4 on the non specific host response in the peritoneal macrophages of CCl 4 intoxicated mice. Conclusions In conclusion, the present study suggests that C. longa has immunotherapeutic properties along with its ability to ameliorate hepatotoxicity.

Use of liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry to identify diarylheptanoids in turmeric ( Curcuma longa L.) rhizome

LC–ESI-MS/MS coupled to DAD analysis was used as an on-line tool for identification of diarylheptanoids in fresh turmeric rhizome extracts. Based on their mass spectra, from both negative and positive mode LC–ESI-MS/MS analysis, and supported by their DAD spectra, 19 diarylheptanoids were identified. Among these 19 compounds, curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin were identified by comparing their chromatographic and spectral data with those of authentic standard compounds. The other diarylheptanoid compounds were identified or tentatively identified based on comparison to the three curcuminoids and each other. Twelve of the identified diarylheptanoids have not been previously reported from turmeric and six of these are new compounds.

Turmeric extracts containing curcuminoids prevent experimental rheumatoid arthritis.

Turmeric has been used for centuries in Ayurvedic medicine as a treatment for inflammatory disorders including arthritis. On the basis of this traditional usage, dietary supplements containing turmeric rhizome and turmeric extracts are also being used in the western world for arthritis treatment and prevention. However, to our knowledge, no data are available regarding antiarthritic efficacy of complex turmeric extracts similar in composition to those available for use as dietary supplements. Therefore, the studies described here were undertaken to determine the in vivo efficacy of well-characterized curcuminoid-containing turmeric extracts in the prevention or treatment of arthritis using streptococcal cell wall (SCW)-induced arthritis, a well-described animal model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Arthritic index, a clinical measure of joint swelling, was used as the primary endpoint for assessing the effect of extracts on joint inflammation. An essential oil-depleted turmeric fraction containing 41% of the three major curcuminoids was efficacious in preventing joint inflammation when treatment was started before, but not after, the onset of joint inflammation. A commercial sample containing 94% of the three major curcuminoids was more potent in preventing arthritis than the essential oil-depleted turmeric fraction when compared by total curcuminoid dose per body weight. In conclusion, these data (1) document the in vivo antiarthritic efficacy of an essential oil-depleted turmeric fraction and (2) suggest that the three major curcuminoids are responsible for this antiarthritic effect, while the remaining compounds in the crude turmeric extract may inhibit this protective effect.