Extract Of Ficus Carica Research Articles

1-Cyclo-hexyl-6,7-dimeth-oxy-1,4-di-hydro-naphthalene.

The title compound, C18H24O2, was isolated from the leaves extract of Ficus carica L. The cyclo­hexane ring displays a chair conformation whereas the cyclo­hexa-1,4-diene ring adopts a flattened boat conformation with methyl C atoms at the prow and stern. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds into supra­molecular chains propagated along the b-axis direction.

Identification and characterization of medicinally important plants of Kangra valley with synergistic effects of traditional antibiotics against microbial infections

The use of traditional medicine to treat infection has been practiced since the origin of mankind. In present scenario, the increasing and indiscriminate use of antibiotics has led to the development of microbial resistance to antibiotics. To overcome this, the synergistic effect from the combination of antibiotics with plant extracts against resistant microbes may leads to new ways of treating infectious diseases. This study has been done to evaluate the synergetic effect of common medicinal plants of Kangra valley with traditional antibiotics (Tetracycline, Gentamicin, Streptomycin and Ampicillin). The leaves of different plants i.e Adhatoda vasica (Vasaka), Ficus carica (Fig), Calotropis gigantea (Milkweed), were collected and powdered leaves were extracted successively with methanol, chloroform, petroleum ether and water in soxhlet extractor. Antimicrobial potential of these extract was tested alone and in combination with antibiotics against five bacterial strains (Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus mutans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus) and two fungal strains (Candida albicans and Aspergillus brasiliensis) by well diffusion method. Many combinations showed almost double increased effect like methanolic extract of Adhatoda vasica and ampicillin showed synergistic effect against S. aureus whereas methanolic extract of Ficus carica showed synergistic effect with gentamycin and tetracyclin against E.coli and S. aureus. However many combinations do not showed any synergistic effect. Study will help to lay the foundation of searching new antimicrobials and alternatives that are helpful for treating infectious diseases without imparting ill effects and documents the antimicrobial potential of common plants.

Learning and memory enhancing activity of Ficus carica (Fig): An experimental study in rats

Objective: The study aimed to assess the learning and memory enhancing activity of the ethanolic fruit extract of Ficus carica in rats using elevated plus maze (EPM), Hebb-William maze (HWM) and Morris water maze (MWM). Materials and Methods: Wistar rats (100-150 g) of either sex, were divided into 5 groups ( n = 6). Group I (control) animals received vehicle, Group II (scopolamine control) animals received scopolamine (0.4 mg/kg i.p), Groups III and IV animals received ethanolic fruit extract of F. carica (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg p.o) and Group V animals received piracetam (400 mg/kg i.p) for 27 days. The rats of Groups III-V were injected with a single dose of scopolamine (0.4 mg/kg i.p) on 19 th and 27 th day. Assessment of transfer latency (TL), time taken to reach reward chamber (TRC) and swim latency (SL) was done on 19 th and 27 th day using EPM, HWM and MWM, respectively. The data was analyzed by one-way Analysis of Variance followed by Dunnett's test. P ≤ 0.05 was considered to be significant. Results: Ethanolic fruit extract of F. carica decreased TL, TRC and SL in comparison to scopolamine treated rats. Conclusion: The fruit of F. carica enhanced learning and memory activity.

Central nervous system activity of an aqueous acetonic extract of Ficus carica L. in mice.

Background:Ficus carica Linn. is reported to possess variety of activities, but its potential in CNS disorders is still to be explored.Objective:The present study was carried out to evaluate the CNS depressant activity of aqueous acetonic extract of Ficus carica Linn on different models in mice.Materials and Methods:The aerial parts of the plant Ficus carica L. were extracted with aqueous acetone and the solvent was removed by rotary vacuum evaporator under reduced pressure. A crude extract was given orally and its effects were tested on ketamine-induced sleeping time, muscle-coordination, anxiety (elevated-plus maze and Staircase test), convulsions [maximal electroshock (MES) and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures], and nociception. In addition, we determined the levels of neurotransmitters, norepinephrine (NE) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT).Results:Results from the experimental models tested showed: (1) a delay on onset and prolongation of sleep of ketamine-induced sleeping time; (2) significant muscle relaxant activity; (3) a significant attenuation in the anxiety-response (4) a delay in the onset of seizures and reduction in duration of seizures and mortality induced by MES and PTZ; (5) a reduction in the licking time in nociception test and (6) increased levels of NE and 5-HT.Conclusion:This suggests that Ficus carica L. exerts its CNS depressive effect by modulating the neurotransmitters NE and 5-HT in the brain.

Inhibitory Action of Ficus carica Extracts on Aluminium Corrosion in Acidic Medium

Inhibition of aluminium corrosion in HCl solutions by Ficus carica leaf extract and was studied using weight loss measurements at 303, 313, 323 and 333 K. The adsorption of the inhibitor on aluminium surface follows Frumkin and Langmuir adsorption isotherms. The effect of temperature indicated that the corrosion rate and inhibition efficiency are temperature dependent in the range 303-333 K. Increase in temperature increased the corrosion rate but decreased the inhibition efficiency in the absence and presence of the inhibitor. The kinetic data obtained indicates that the adsorption follows a first order type of reaction. Physisorption mechanism has been proposed for the inhibitor. The presence of alkaloids, glycosides, saponins and tannins (having -C=O, C-OH, C=C, OH -CH 3, etc. groups) was found to have contributed greatly to the inhibition process by interacting with the aluminium surface .

Carbohydrate, Lipid Inhibitory Activity and Antioxidant Activity of Extracts from Several Economic Resource Plants in Vitro

The objective of this study was determined to evaluate α?amylase, α?glucosidase, pancreatic lipase inhibition in vitro and DPPH radical scavenging activity of the several Korean resources plants. The α?amylase inhibitory activity of Salicornia herbacea, Erythronium japonicum (flower) and Phragmites communis (root) in water extract showed relatively high 62.8%, 66.5% and 69.3%, respectively. The α?amylase inhibitory activity of Citrus junos (pericarp) and Cornus officinalis in methanol extract was found to have an effect with 32.8% in Citrus junos (pericarp) and 60.9% in Cornus officinalis. Corylopsis coreana in both water and methanol extract had the highest α?glucosidase inhibitory activity of 81.7% and 89.5%, while the extract of Portulaca oleracea, Ficus carica and Citrus junos was not measured α?glucosidase inhibitory activity at given experiment concentration. Depending on the extraction solvent and the plant species, it was observed that there was a significant difference in α?glucosidase inhibitory activity. The pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity showed relatively higher in the methanol extract than water extract except pericarp of Citrus junos. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of selected plants was much difference between measured plant species, and showed that the increase was proportional to the concentration. These results suggested that selected plants had the potent biological activity on carbohydrate, lipid Inhibitory activity and antioxidant activity, therefore these plant resources could be a good materials to develop medicinal preparations, nutraceuticals or health functional foods for diabetes or obesity.

Anti-diabetic activity of Ficus carica L. stem barks and isolation of two new flavonol esters from the plant by using spectroscopical techniques.

In view of alleged antidiabetic potential, effect of methanolic extract of Ficus carica L. (Moraceae) stem bark on fasting blood sugar levels and serum biochemical analysis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were investigated. The resulted extract had shown significant protection and lowered the blood glucose levels to normal in glucose tolerance test. In long term treatment of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, the degree of protection was determined by measuring blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol and serum insulin levels. Phytochemical investigation of the stem bark resulted in the isolation of two new flavonol esters characterized as 3,5- dihydroxy-7,4'-dimethoxy-flavonol-3-octadec-9''-en-oxy-5-hexadecanoate (3), 3,5,3'-trihydroxy-7,4'-dimethoxyflavonol-3-octadec-9''-en-oxy-5- hexadecanoate (4), along with known compounds of β-Amyrin acetate (1) and β-sitosterol acetate (2). Their chemical structures were established on the basis of spectral evidence , UV, IR, FAB-MS, 1H-NMR, 13C- NMR as well comparison with literature values

Biogenic Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Fruit Extract of Ficus Carica and Study Its Antimicrobial Activity

Biogenic synthesis of metal nanoparticles is considered to be a cost effective and eco-friendly approach. Here we have demonstrated biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Ficus Carica extract at room temperature. Ficus Carica fruit extract can be used as reducing as well as capping agent without adding any external reducing agents. The rate of formation of silver nanoparticles was monitored by using UV- Visible spectroscopy by measuring the absorbance at 420 nm for different molar ratios of plant extract to silver nitrate concentrations. The resulting silver nanoparticles was isolated and characterized with various instrumental methods such as FT-IR, XRD and FE-SEM to study the size and shape of particles and functional group of the stabilizing agents. The particles sizes are found to be 20–25 nm ranges with face centered cubic crystal structure of Ag nanoparticles. The antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized by biogenic method was tested against gram negative and gram positive micro-organism. An enhanced antimicrobial activity was observed with silver nanoparticles synthesized from fruit extract when compared with silver nanoparticles synthesized EDTA method.

Hepatoprotective Activity of the Ethanolic Extract of Ficus caricaLinn. LeavesinCarbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatotoxicityin Rats.

The ethanolic extract of Ficus carica leaves was screened for hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity in hepatotoxic Albino rats induced via carbon tetrachloride. The degree of protection was measured by estimating biochemical parameters such as serum glutamate Oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase ( SGPT),totalprotein (TP), totalalbumin (TA), alkaline phosphatase (ALKP) and the level of total serum bilirubin. The extract in addition reduced CCl4 induced lipid peroxidation in - vivo and in - vitro. The ethanolic extract (50 mg/kg, 100mg/kg,200mg/kg)exhibited significant hepatoprotection incarbontetra chloride in toxicated rats in a dose dependant manner. The hepatoprotective effects of the extract were comparable with the standard drug silymarin 10)mg/kg body weight, IP).

Nematicidal coumarin from Ficus carica L.

The methanol extracts from 40 plant species were screened for their nematicidal activity against the nematodes Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, Panagrellus redivivus and Caenorhabditis elegans. The leaf extract of Ficus carica L. exhibited the strongest nematicidal activity, causing 74.3%, 96.2% and 98.4% mortality, respectively, within 72 h. By bioassay-guided fractionation, a coumarin was obtained. The compound was determined to be psoralen based on spectroscopic data. It showed nematicidal activity against the tested nematodes. This is the first report of the nematicidal activity of F. carica and psoralen.

Oral Supplementation with Aqueous Leaf Extract of <i>Ficus Carica</i> Improved Some Haematological Parameters, reduces Osmotic Fragility and Oxidative Damage to Red Blood Cells caused by <i>Plasmodium Berghei</i> in Mice

Background: Malaria-infected red blood cells are under oxidative stress. Glutathione metabolism may play a vital role in the antioxidant defence of these cells as it does in other cells in the body. Several organic and inorganic substances that can promote the metabolism of glutathione will be able to promote the antioxidant potentials and also reduce the oxidative stress on the red blood cells. Thus, several medicinal plants with potential antioxidant values are usually employed locally in the treatment of malaria. This work had tried to measure the reduced glutathione (GSH) level in Plasmodium berghei infected mice treated with 200 mg of aqueous leaf extract of Ficus carica (fig tree leaf) and compare the results with that of parasite free mice and Plasmodium berghei-infected untreated mice. The work also evaluated the erythropoietin–like activities of the extract as well as other effects on other blood cells. Methods: The Albino mice used were divided into control, normal treated, Plasmodium berghei infected treated and Plasmodium berghei infected untreated mice with 5 mice per group. The extract treated groups were force fed with aqueous leaf extract of Ficus carica at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight for a period of 8days, while the control received equal volume of distilled water. Weights of all animals were monitored while blood samples were collected from the mice via the tail vein as well as retro orbital sinus (under light anaesthesia) at the end of the experiment for packed cell volume, red blood cell, white blood cell, haemoglobin, fragility test and reduced glutathione ‘GR’ analysis. Phytochemistry of the plant was also carried out Results: The LD 50 result for the leaf extract was 3.36 ± 0.26g /kg body weight. The extract also contains flavonoids. There was a significant increase in red blood cell count, PCV and platelet count in mice treated with aqueous leaf extract of Ficus carica while the red cell membrane fragility was significantly reduced along with an increase in the plasma level of reduced glutathione. Conclusion: Oral supplementation with aqueous leaf extract of Ficus carica causes increase in red blood cell count, pcv, and platelet count while reducing the red blood cell fragility induced by oxidative stress as a result of plasmodium berghei in mice. KEY WORDS: Ficus carica, Haematological indices, LD 50 , Glutathione reductase, Plasmodium berghei .

Antibacterial effect of Allium sativum and Ficus carica extracts on tomato bacterial pathogens

Bacterial pathogens are a serious problem on tomato plants. Amongst them, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst), Xanthomonas vesicatoria (Xv) and Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm), causal agents of bacterial speck, bacterial spot and bacterial canker, respectively, affect tomato production under greenhouse and field conditions. In in vitro tests with bacterial strains at a population density of 10 6 and 10 8 cfu ml −1, vegetal extracts from cloves of A. sativum and fruits of F. carica at concentrations of 1 and 30%, respectively, showed best effects at 10 6 cfu ml −1 bacterial concentration. In in vivo tests bacterial strains were tested at 10 5 cfu ml −1; A. sativum and F. carica extracts reduced disease incidence by 58 and 30%, and disease severity by 68 and 22%, respectively. Moreover, these vegetal extracts resulted in effective disease control of up to 65% ( A. sativum) and 38% ( F. carica) of that of the standard copper treatment. The antibacterial effects of A. sativum and F. carica extracts are useful for protecting tomato plants against Pst, Xv and Cmm in the greenhouse.

Ethnopharmacological studies on antispasmodic and antiplatelet activities of Ficus carica

Ethnopharmacological relevance The ripe dried fruit of Ficus carica Linn. (Moraceae) commonly known as “Fig” has medicinal value in traditional system of medicine for its use in gastrointestinal and inflammatory disorders. Aim of the study To rationalize the medicinal use of Fig ( Ficus carica) in gastrointestinal and inflammatory disorders. Materials and methods The aqueous-ethanolic extract of Ficus carica (Fc.Cr) was studied for antispasmodic effect on the isolated rabbit jejunum preparations and for antiplatelet effect using ex vivo model of human platelets. Results Fc.Cr tested positive for alkaloids, flavonoids, coumarins, saponins, sterols and terpenes. When tested in isolated rabbit jejunum, Fc.Cr (0.1–3.0 mg/mL) produced relaxation of spontaneous and low K + (25 mM)-induced contractions with negligible effect on high K + (80 mM) similar to that caused by cromakalim. Pretreatment of the tissue with glibenclamide caused rightward shift in the curves of low K +-induced contractions. Similarly, cromakalim inhibited the contractions induced by low K +, but not of high K +, while verapamil equally inhibited the contractions of K + at both concentrations. Fc.Cr (0.6 and 0.12 mg/mL) inhibited the adenosine 5′-diphosphate and adrenaline-induced human platelet aggregation. Conclusion This study showed the presence of spasmolytic activity in the ripe dried fruit of Ficus carica possibly mediated through the activation of K + ATP channels along with antiplatelet activity which provides sound pharmacological basis for its medicinal use in the gut motility and inflammatory disorders.

The effects of the water extract of Ficus Carica on anti-fatigue and NOS activity

目的 探讨无花果水提取液的抗疲劳作用及其对一氧化氮合酶活性的影响.方法 80只小鼠随机分成4组:对照组,无花果水提取液低剂量组(0.22g/kg)、中剂量组(0.67g/kg)、高剂量组(2.0g/kg),连续灌胃5周后观察不同剂量的无花果水提取液灌胃的各组小鼠游泳时间,判断无花果水提取液的抗疲劳作用.同时测量小鼠游泳30 min后的血中各种类型的一氧化氮合酶(NOS)的活性.结果 在游泳实验中,中、高剂量组的小鼠的游泳时间分别为(138.70±28.79)min和(56.55±16.64)min,明显高于对照组[(21.00±7.36)min](P＜0.05),低剂量组的游泳时间为(23.43±3.90)min,高于对照组,但差异无显著性.在总NOS(tNOS)方面,低、中、高各剂量组的活性分别为(38.94±10.74)U/L、(31.04±9.14)U/L、(65.34±14.00)U/L,高于对照组的(18.35±4.82)U/L(P＜0.05);在结构型NOS(cNOS)方面,中、高各剂量组的活性分别为(21.04±6.15)U/L和(21.91±6.67)U/L,与对照组的(5.94±1.72)U/L比差异有显著性(P＜0.05),低剂量组的活性为(6.41±1.13)U/L与对照组比差异无显著性;而在诱导型的NOS(iNOS)方面低、中、高各剂量组的活性分别为(32.56±11.39)U/L、(10.51±3.03)U/L和(36.44±15.10)U/L与对照组的(12.78±2.92)U/L比较差异无显著性.结论 无花果水提取液具有一定的抗疲劳作用,该作用可能是通过提高血中的tNOS、cNOS的活性来实现的。

Experimental diabetes treated with ficus carica extract: effect on oxidative stress parameters.

Parameters related to oxidative stress were studied in rats divided into 4 groups: streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (n=10), diabetic rats who received a single dose of a basic fraction of Ficus carica extract (n=14), diabetic rats who received a single dose of a chloroform fraction of the extract (n=10), and normal rats (n=10). Compared to normal animals, the diabetic animals presented significantly higher values for erythrocyte catalase normalized to haemoglobin levels (1.5+/-0.15 vs. 0.96+/-0.18 microg/mg) and for plasma vitamin E (73.4+/-43.9 vs. 12.0+/-1.6 mg/l), monounsaturated fatty acids (0.219+/-0.118 vs. 0.067+/-0.014 mg/ml), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA, 0.567+/-0.293 vs. 0.175+/-0.040 mg/ml), saturated fatty acids (0.779+/-0.262 vs. 0.401+/-0.055 mg/ml), and linoleic acid (0.202+/-0.086 vs. 0.106 +/-0.014 mg/ml). Both Ficus carica fractions tended to normalize the values of the diabetic animals' fatty acids and plasma vitamin E values. On studying the ratios of vitamins E and A to PUFA (129.4+/-77.5 diabetic and 68.8+/-9.1 microg/mg normal; 37.5+/-20.8 vs. 108.0+/-43.6 microg/mg) and to C18:2 (259.9+/-65.8 vs. 161.0+/-21.3 microg/mg; 68.3+/-37.9 vs. 252.7+/-102.1 microg/mg), we found statistically significant differences as a function of diabetes, with the vitamin E/C18:2 ratio being normalized by the administration of the chloroform fraction (to 152.1+/-80.3 microg/mg) and the vitamin A/C18:2 ratio being raised relative to the untreated diabetic rats by the administration of the basic fraction (91.9+/-14.5 microg/mg). Our work confirms that antioxidant status is affected in the diabetes syndrome, and that Ficus carica extracts tend to normalize it.

Hypoglycaemic Activity of an Aqueous Extract from Ficus Carica (Fig Tree) Leaves in Streptozotocin Diabetic Rats

To investigate the hypoglycaemic activity of Ficus carica leaf aqueous extract, a decoction was administred to rats in lieu of drinking water for three weeks. The groups were: untreated non-diabetic (n = 13), untreated diabetic (n = 13), treated non-diabetic (n =13) and treated diabetic (n = 13) animals. The extract decreased (p < 0.025) plasma glucose in diabetic (27.9 ± 4.5 mmol/L to 19.6 ± 9.9 mmol/L) while not in normal rats. Plasma insulin levels were decreased by treatment (p < 0.05) in non-diabetic rats from 4.9± 1.6 ng/mL to 3.3 ± 1.2 ng/mL. Glucose uptake (µmol/min) by rat hindquarters perfused was: 5.9 ± 2.2 (untreated non-diabetic rats), 4.8 ± 2.3 (treated non-diabetic rats, p < 0.05 vs. untreated non-diabetic rats), 2.0 ± 2.0 (untreated diabetic rats, p < 0.01 vs. untreated non-diabetic rats) and 4.1 ± 3.6 (treated diabetic rats) in absence of insulin; 7.0 ± 1.7 (untreated non-diabetic rats), 8.3 ± 0.8 (treated non-diabetic rats, p < 0.05 vs. untreated non-diabetic rats), 5.0 ± 1.6 (untreated diabetic rats, p < 0.05 vs. untreated non-diabetic rats) and 6.4 ± 2.4 (treated diabetic rats) in presence of insulin. Lactate released was lower in untreated diabetic vs. untreated non-diabetic rats. Thus, Ficus carica extract showed a clear hypoglycaemic effect in diabetic rats. Such an effect cannot be mediated by an enhanced insulin secretion, so an as yet undefined insulin-like peripheral effect, may be suggested.

Hypotriglyceridaemic activity of Ficus carica leaves in experimental hypertriglyceridaemic rats.

A model of hypertriglyceridaemia in rats is described, which was used to investigate the hypolipidaemic effect of an intraperitoneal (i./p.) administration of a Ficus carica leaf decoction. Hypertriglyceridaemia was induced in rats following the protocol: a fasting period of 22 h, 2 h of oral (p.o.) administration of 20% emulsion of longchain triglycerides (LCT emulsion), both repeated once. The plasma triglyceride and total cholesterol levels obtained 2 h after the protocol were 5.7 +/- 2.5 mmol/L (p < 0.0001 vs basal levels) and 1.7 +/- 0.3 mmol/L, respectively, n = 10. The new model was used to test the hypotriglyceridaemic effect of a single dose of Ficus carica (fig tree) leaf decoction administered i./p. (50 g dry wt/kg body wt). After the i.p. injection of serum saline (control group, n = 10) or Ficus carica extract (group A, n = 10), plasma triglyceride levels in the control group and group A were 5.9 +/- 2.9 mmol/L and 5.5 +/- 2.9 mmol/L just after the LCT emulsion protocol; 4.7 +/- 2.7 mmol/L and 0.9 +/- 0.4 mmol/L, p < 0.005, 60 min after the LCT protocol; and 3.6 +/- 2.9 mmol/L and 1.0 +/- 0.4 mmol/L, p < 0.05, 90 min after the LCT protocol. The plasma total cholesterol levels, which were not modified in our experimental model, showed no significant differences in relation to baseline levels in the presence or absence of Ficus carica treatment either. The clearly positive results suggest the presence in the fig leaf decoction of a compound or compounds that influence lipid catabolism.

A study on the glycaemic balance in streptozotocin-diabetic rats treated with an aqueous extract ofFicus carica (fig tree) leaves

The hypoglycaemic effect of an aqueous extract of Ficus carica leaves was studied in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. The extract induced a significant hypoglycaemic effect after either oral- or intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration. Body weight loss was prevented in treated diabetic rats and the survival index was significantly affected by plasma insulin levels. Results show that Ficus carica aqueous extract has a clear hypoglycaemic activity in treated versus non-treated diabetic rats. The mechanism involved in such an effect is not elucidated.