External Relationships Research Articles

The concept of "way" as a characteristic of the image of the hero in the novel by A. A. Fadeev "The Rout"

The subject of the study is the representation of the concept of the "way" in the novel by A. A. Fadeev "The Rout". The purpose of the work is to describe the representations of the concept of "way" as a real space in the novel and as a metaphor for the changes of its characters. The space category reflects the topographical features of the Far East, helping to trace the path of the detachment in the coordinates of space through the point of view of the protagonist. The spatial frame of the narrative is built with the help of specific subject words and toponyms, which mainly represent the remote countryside and the physical geography of the Far East. The attributes that form the natural space in the novel correspond to the negative emotional changes of the characters, revealing the inherent cruelty of the Civil War. When expressing this type of spatial relationship, it is the verb that plays the dominant role, which is based on the separation according to the static/dynamic manifestation of locative semantics, at the same time, verbs of displacement significantly surpass verbs of position. The following methods were used in the course of the study: the method of linguistic description, the method of contextual analysis, and the method of semantic analysis. The text space, as an important part of the content of the novel, depicts fragments of reality, and through the spatial concept of the "way" builds a general spatial picture of the world. The concept of "way" in a metaphorical sense is a subconcept of the concept of "Civil War", in accordance with this, the results of this work enrich the figurative zone of the concept of "Civil War". An analytical algorithm for the study of text space can be applied to the spatial analysis of similar works of art. The result of the study was the conclusion that the "way" is one of the central concepts of the novel. The concept of "way" has a negative connotation, suffering occurs in the process of the detachment's retreat. In addition, A. Fadeev includes spiritual trials in the path of the revolutionary hero, the character completes internal changes in the affirmation of socialist values in external crises and complex character relationships.

The application of HRM systems to enhance the innovation activities of foreign SMEs

Human resource management (HRM) systems can substantially influence an organization’s innovation and internationalization activities. This paper investigates the application of different HRM systems amongst foreign-owned, internationally-operating small to medium enterprises (SMEs) and how they relate to different innovation activities. We draw on qualitative data from 33 Australian SMEs doing business in China. Our findings illustrate that most SMEs utilize commitment-based HRM practices, closely aligned with SMEs’ product, process, organization, service, and marketing innovations. Some SMEs used collaboration-based HRM practices which tended to be more aligned with organizational and process innovation activities. Some SMEs also exhibited a combination of commitment- and collaboration-based HRM systems focused on developing an internal workforce with innate capability, creativity, and commitment, while building external relationships, collaborative networks and strategic partnerships. We argue that the configuration of HRM systems appears important in supporting foreign SMEs to enhance innovative activities which are important for survival in complex contexts.

프랑스어 기술 한국 고전서사 연구

This study aims to investigate the identity of classical Korean narratives in French, and based on this, to explore the possibility of expanding the field of Korean literature research and to refine the research methodology. This study focuses on three classic Korean narrative texts written in French by Seo Young-hae: Autour d’une vie coréenne(1929), Miroir, cause de malheur (1934), and La fille d’un cordonnier (unknown). The last text, in particular, is the first to be introduced in this study and translated that Seo Young-hae has been writing Korean classical narratives in French throughout her stay in France.
 This book, described in French by a Korean native author, has classical narratives as its main object of description. The classical Korean narratives, reinterpreted from Seo’s perspective, represent Korea as he interpreted it, or Korea as he translated it. The pursuit of Korean independence, which was consistent with his stay in France with a clear purpose, and his understanding of the Korean tales based on it, are the fundamental elements that constitute Seo’s rewriting, or translation. Therefore, this paper will examine how Seo interprets and translates Korean classical narratives by focusing on the external and internal relationships surrounding writing. To do so, I will analyze the three texts interactively and examine the adaptation of classical narratives and the linguistic and cultural translation of Korean classical narratives through them. While Seo emphasizes the inheritance of folk traditions and customs, he also emphasizes that it is not simply an inheritance without transformation, and that existing traditions can be reconstructed within an expanding network rather than closedly linked. This is Seo’s interpretation of the classics, tales, and oral tradition, and his hope for a post-modern Korea.

Hidden in Plain Sight: The Culture of Excellent Black High Schools in the Era of Jim Crow

This article describes the cultural characteristics of four elite African American high schools, initiated prior to Brown v. Board of Education, that produced outstanding graduates. Positive school culture characteristics examined were leadership, faculty, curriculum and instruction, student qualities, the environment, and internal and external relationships. The authors posed questions investigating how educators and alumni of Gary, Indiana’s Theodore Roosevelt High School viewed the characteristics of its culture and how the culture compared to other elite African American high schools in the extant literature. Using surveys, archival information, and the research literature, the authors collected information describing the high school’s distinctive features. Comparing the results of Rooseveltwith the other exemplary high school cultures of Dunbar, Sumner, and Terrell, they reported these insights about their cultural characteristics: (a) high caliber and sustained leadership of individuals who cultivated positive school environments and created institutions that were a distinctive blend of school and community; (b) highly educated and qualified faculty members; (c) a rigorous and challenging curriculum emphasizing the preparation of students for higher education; (d) students who exhibited a strong sense of self-esteem, self-efficacy, and a rejection of the concept of inferiority; (e) a family-like environment that was welcoming, inclusive, and receptive to individuals from varied backgrounds that fostered a strong sense of pride and efficacy; and (f) a family climate experienced by internal and external stakeholders that created a sense of belonging and place.

Opioids and school leaders: bricolage leadership in Appalachian Ohio

ABSTRACT In this qualitative study, we examined how school leaders in rural Appalachia improvise to foster and maintain external relationships with partners and community supports to address the effects of opioids. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews of 27 public school leaders (superintendents, principals, and assistant principals) in schools throughout the region of Appalachian Ohio, focusing on schools in counties that were identified as high rates of opioid-related incidents. Participants expressed a need for access to external partners and increased professional development to address issues relating to the opioid crisis. They experienced frustrations of unpreparedness and a sense of being overwhelmed and under-resourced. Nonetheless, findings indicate that both building and district leaders engage in bricolage when making decisions and mobilizing resources. Often this implies leveraging external support for the wellbeing of all stakeholders to create stable educational environments for their students that have been negatively impacted by opioid.

Digital Entrepreneurship Model: Optimizing Internal and External Support for Female Entrepreneurs

Female entrepreneurs experienced a decline in performance during the Covid-19 pandemic. To overcome the impact of this pandemic, entrepreneurs are adopting digital technology. However, female entrepreneurs continue to face obstacles both internal (family, finance, knowledge) and external (community, business partners, government). This study aims to find digital entrepreneurship models for female entrepreneurs. The target of this research is to find out the factors that can affect the performance of female entrepreneurs, especially the role of digital technology adoption as a moderating variable between internal and external support relationships and the level of entrepreneurship. This research was conducted in Jember Regency. The unit of analysis is the organization represented by female entrepreneurs who have adopted digital technology. This study uses a quantitative approach with survey method. Data analysis using PLS-SEM analysis. The results showed that internal and external support had a significant effect on the level of entrepreneurship. The level of entrepreneurship has a significant effect on the performance of female entrepreneurs. Adoption of digital technology deserves to be a moderating variable that strengthens the relationship between external support and the level of entrepreneurship. Meanwhile, the relationship between internal support and the level of entrepreneurship is not affected by the adoption of digital technology.

Utopian constitutionalism in Chile

AbstractIn this article, we argue that the 2022 Chilean draft Constitution helps to articulate the distinction between a transformative constitutional project and a utopian one. Whereas a transformative project lays down markers for social change that will take time to achieve, a utopian project sets out goals that are unlikely to be achieved within any reasonable timeframe. Utopianism is a product of two relationships. The first is the internal relationship between the transformative goals laid out in a constitution and the institutional pathways through which changes will occur. The second is the external relationship between the goals in the text and the views and support of key groups. In Chile, both relationships were problematic. First, the Convention adopted a draft that was heavy on ambitious programmatic content but lacked a clear vision of how to implement it. Second, the Convention produced a draft that was supported by the ephemeral civil society groups galvanized by the 2019 protests but divorced from the vision of Chile’s parties and public opinion. Some of this was a product of the peculiar electoral context in which the Convention acted, which has already been corrected. But some of it reflects deeper tensions within transformative constitutionalism.

DEI (Diversity, Equity, Inclusivity) Leadership Initiatives for Inclusion of a Remote Workforce

Organizations must dramatically pivot in a post COVID environment. Social pressures and changing work habits will shift corporate directives and strategies. The demands and challenges of this increasingly important corporate initiative (Diversity, Equity, Inclusivity) has been elevated and accelerated post COVID. Organizations and subsequently, leaders are in search of strategies and tactics to instill DEI as a core value in their enterprises. This is deemed critical for internal operations but also for external relationships. Increasingly, the best and the brightest will align with organizations that value the virtues of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion. This research interviewed key executives to discuss their strategies for the future. Relevant research on the topic has been presented to provide a comprehensive view on DEI imperatives for organizations with employees. The findings of this research indicate it is a priority and there are core elements to be considered by every leader. The research specifically explores three core concepts: Culture, Communication, and Courage.

Sustainability Reporting Practices in UAE Business Firms, the Society, and Stakeholders' Insights

Organizations are complex entities that operate with a set of internal regulations, instructions, procedures, and achievements that contribute to the successful execution of their goals and objectives. However, these accomplishments may not be widely known, even among most employees, since the effectiveness of organizations is largely dependent on the level of culture and engagement within the organization. In addition to internal operations, organizations must also consider their external relationships with partners and the wider community, which can lead to mutually beneficial outcomes and increased success for the organization. Overall, the success of an organization is multifaceted and relies on a variety of internal and external factors. Effective internal operations, a strong culture and high levels of engagement, and positive external relationships all contribute to the success of an organization. When discussing the social responsibility of an organization and its contribution to sustainable development in society, it refers to all actions taken by the organization to demonstrate its concern for society and the environment. This includes taking full responsibility for the impact of its activities and taking steps to mitigate them (Yoon, Giirhan-Canli & Schwar, 2006). However, due to their internal nature, these events and activities may sometimes be ambiguous, and the extent of the organization's role in terms of its capabilities, outcomes, and achievements may not be well-understood. Therefore, disclosing the reality and extent of an organization's impact on society, as well as how it addresses negative consequences while enhancing positive outcomes, is crucial. The significance of disclosure lies in the fact that it requires organizations to inform their partners, particularly the community, about the true extent of the impact of their activities and operations on society. This includes addressing any negative effects while enhancing the positive ones through annual reports, whether general or specific ones focused solely on corporate social responsibility and sustainability. In this paper and within the UAE society, we are working on measuring the experience of disclosure and issuing reports for organizations and the roles they play, and the extent to which they achieve these goals. This is done quantitatively by surveying the community's opinion using a general questionnaire, which we measure through awareness and practices. The study included 125 participants from the community, and 70% of them did not review any sustainability report issued by any organization in the country. Out of the participants, 80% knew about sustainability reporting, and over 54% belonged to organizations that had not yet released any sustainability reports. In order to achieve more efforts in the field of sustainable development, it is necessary to raise awareness among members of society about what the organizations they are working for do. Positive performance by organizations within their respective fields of work, particularly within the business sector, can have a significant impact on their market standing.

Governing the Horn’s External Linkages: Agency, Domestic Politics and Local Power in the Horn of Africa – Gulf Relations

The Horn of Africa and the Persian Gulf have millennial relations characterised by mutual interaction and influences. However, from the Cold War period onwards, international relations scholars focusing on strategic and security analysis have used a realist approach to depict these relations as largely one-way involvement and influence from the Gulf to the Horn of Africa. Yet, this approach portrays the Horn of Africa as a Gulf and other middle and great powers’ strategic chessboard and fails to account for the reality of political dynamics in the Horn of Africa and the agency of the local state and non-state actors in their external relations. This article argues that the realist approach’s depiction of foreign relations mainly as power struggles between unitary state actors is reductionist and presents an inadequate framework for the analysis of the Horn of Africa’s complex external relationships involving various state and powerful societal (non-state) actors. This privileges structure over agency disproportionally, requiring recalibration of the realist framework’s conceptualisation of the ‘state’ and ‘power’. As a result, the article proposes that a more nuanced actor-based account which includes domestic political dynamics and locally prominent internationally active societal actors is necessary for a more realistic analysis of the Horn’s external relations.

Service Level Characteristics of Rural Palliative Care for People with Chronic Disease.

Despite clear benefit from palliative care in end-stage chronic, non-malignant disease, access for rural patients is often limited due to workforce gaps and geographical barriers. This study aimed to understand existing rural service structures regarding the availability and provision of palliative care for people with chronic conditions. A cross-sectional online survey was distributed by email to rural health service leaders. Nominal and categorical data were analyzed descriptively, with free-text questions on barriers and facilitators in chronic disease analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Of 42 (61.7%) health services, most were public (88.1%) and operated in acute (19, 45.2%) or community (16, 38.1%) settings. A total of 17 (41.5%) reported an on-site specialist palliative care team, primarily nurses (19, 59.5%). Nearly all services (41, 95.3%) reported off-site specialist palliative care access, including: established external relationships (38, 92.7%); visiting consultancy (26, 63.4%); and telehealth (18, 43.9%). Perceived barriers in chronic disease included: lack of specific referral pathways (18; 62.1%); negative patient expectations (18; 62.1%); and availability of trained staff (17; 58.6%). Structures identified to support palliative care in chronic disease included: increased staff/funding (20, 75.0%); formalized referral pathways (n=18, 64.3%); professional development (16, 57.1%); and community health promotion (14, 50%). Palliative care service structure and capacity varies across rural areas, and relies on a complex, at times ad hoc, network of onsite and external supports. Services for people with chronic, non-malignant disease are sparse and largely unknown, with a call for the development of specific referral pathways to improve patient care.

WHAT MAKES A FIRM INNOVATIVE? AN INTER-ORGANISATIONAL SOCIAL CAPITAL PERSPECTIVE ON EXTERNAL PARTNERS’ INFLUENCE ON A FIRM’S INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL

This research investigates how and to which extent the social capital inherent in a firm’s external relationships to diverse business partners contributes to the firm’s intellectual capital and in turn fosters its innovativeness. We apply the Social Capital Theory to an inter-organisational context and show how a firm’s social relationships with its various external partners contribute to its intellectual capital, and how these contributions differ between different types of partners (e.g., customers vs. suppliers). In contrast to intra-organisational contexts, we show that the association between social capital and intellectual capital is positive, neutral, or even negative depending on the external partner’s position vis-à-vis a firm’s supply chain and the type of knowledge. Using data from 153 German manufacturing firms, the results of a PLS-based analysis provide important insights into how and through which mechanisms firms can become successful innovators.

Factors Determining Turnaround Strategies for Declining, Large, High-tech organizations

This study aims to identify the factors that should determine turnaround strategies for declining, large, high-technology companies. Goswami (2022) indicates that many high-tech organizations have been declining recently due to an external crisis triggered by inflation and high interest rates, with many implementing turnaround strategies. This study offers an evidence-based approach to identify the factors that should be considered when selecting a turnaround strategy at declining, large, high-technology companies. An evidence-based approach was used since Pfeffer and Sutton (2006) suggested that using data to drive decisions improved management decisions. The qualitative Rapid Evidence Assessment (REA) methodology suggested by Barends et al. (2017) was used to find 14 articles (quantitative, qualitative), critically appraise, and code to synthesize the evidence and provide findings and recommendations for the turnaround of high-technology companies. The main findings of this research are that a) the selection of the turnaround strategy should differ based on whether the crisis is externally or internally triggered and should consider stakeholder management, in addition to strategic and operational factors b) An external crisis requires managerial cognition of the crisis, flexibility to adapt to the current market, aligning of the strategy of the organization with the environment and pursuing new sales markets which have not been impacted by the external crisis, focus on innovation, increased R&D spending, and increased sales/marketing. c) An internal crisis requires managerial cognition of the crisis, along with employee incentives, customer focus, communication with all stakeholders, retrenchment, restructuring, new product introduction, quality, process focus, decentralizing decision-making, and engaging in external relationships such as acquisitions/mergers/joint ventures.

Factors Determining Turnaround Strategies for Declining, Large, High-tech organizations

This study aims to identify the factors that should determine turnaround strategies for declining, large, high-technology companies. Goswami (2022) indicates that many high-tech organizations have been declining recently due to an external crisis triggered by inflation and high interest rates, with many implementing turnaround strategies. This study offers an evidence-based approach to identify the factors that should be considered when selecting a turnaround strategy at declining, large, high-technology companies. An evidence-based approach was used since Pfeffer and Sutton (2006) suggested that using data to drive decisions improved management decisions. The qualitative Rapid Evidence Assessment (REA) methodology suggested by Barends et al. (2017) was used to find 14 articles (quantitative, qualitative), critically appraise, and code to synthesize the evidence and provide findings and recommendations for the turnaround of high-technology companies. The main findings of this research are that a) the selection of the turnaround strategy should differ based on whether the crisis is externally or internally triggered and should consider stakeholder management, in addition to strategic and operational factors b) An external crisis requires managerial cognition of the crisis, flexibility to adapt to the current market, aligning of the strategy of the organization with the environment and pursuing new sales markets which have not been impacted by the external crisis, focus on innovation, increased R&D spending, and increased sales/marketing. c) An internal crisis requires managerial cognition of the crisis, along with employee incentives, customer focus, communication with all stakeholders, retrenchment, restructuring, new product introduction, quality, process focus, decentralizing decision-making, and engaging in external relationships such as acquisitions/mergers/joint ventures.

Factors Determining Turnaround Strategies for Declining, Large, High-tech organizations

This study aims to identify the factors that should determine turnaround strategies for declining, large, high-technology companies. Goswami (2022) indicates that many high-tech organizations have been declining recently due to an external crisis triggered by inflation and high interest rates, with many implementing turnaround strategies. This study offers an evidence-based approach to identify the factors that should be considered when selecting a turnaround strategy at declining, large, high-technology companies. An evidence-based approach was used since Pfeffer and Sutton (2006) suggested that using data to drive decisions improved management decisions. The qualitative Rapid Evidence Assessment (REA) methodology suggested by Barends et al. (2017) was used to find 14 articles (quantitative, qualitative), critically appraise, and code to synthesize the evidence and provide findings and recommendations for the turnaround of high-technology companies. The main findings of this research are that a) the selection of the turnaround strategy should differ based on whether the crisis is externally or internally triggered and should consider stakeholder management, in addition to strategic and operational factors b) An external crisis requires managerial cognition of the crisis, flexibility to adapt to the current market, aligning of the strategy of the organization with the environment and pursuing new sales markets which have not been impacted by the external crisis, focus on innovation, increased R&D spending, and increased sales/marketing. c) An internal crisis requires managerial cognition of the crisis, along with employee incentives, customer focus, communication with all stakeholders, retrenchment, restructuring, new product introduction, quality, process focus, decentralizing decision-making, and engaging in external relationships such as acquisitions/mergers/joint ventures.

Творчество В.В. Розанова: техника описания и теория изменения вещей как образ исторического осмысления действительности

The creativity of V.V. Rozanov is a special kind of theory (speculation), allowing one to see things as potencies. The thinker perceives the phenomena and processes of the material and spiritual plane in the context of this speculation. Istria defines the internal and external relationship of these processes as a set of external and internal changes. External changes are defined by the concept of uncertainty, and internal definitions of a certain potency. Rozanov considers the interaction of these potencies simultaneously statically and dynamically. Statically, it presupposes the existence of regularities and the victory of order over chaos. Dynamically manifested as the primacy of randomness in life, since all potencies can not be realized. The interaction of these two forms of change creates life in all its complexity, Rozanov's theory helps us comprehend, therefore, at different periods of the thinker's creativity, both static and dynamic aspects of potentiality that create the history of the world as a sounding word and as a silence. This avoids subjective and one-sided interpretations of the thinker's philosophical heritage. The author uses the method of reconstruction in the work, which makes it possible to show that the philosophical heritage of Rozanov is a semantic field formed around the concept of "potentiality." The scientific novelty of the study lies in the possibility of isolating broad contexts of Rozanov's work and considering its various aspects as a complete metaphysical and dialectical theory, that helps to integrate different aspects and sides of Rozanov’s creativity and makes it more understandable.

SOCIAL-EMOTIONAL SKILLS IN STUDENTS’ LEARNING IN CAN THO UNIVERSITY, VIETNAM

Based on an overview of domestic and foreign research related to the research field of the topic; the research of the topic has determined the urgency of the topic, research objectives, research objects and scope, research hypotheses, research tasks, and methods. The research on the topic has systematized the theoretical basis for the concept and manifestation of social-emotional skills in student learning: generalizing the picture of the current situation of recognizing the importance of social-emotional skills in student learning, the level of assessment of the manifestation and educational measures of social-emotional skills in learning, and finding out the factors that affect social emotions in student learning such as from the external environment, at school, family and external social relationships. Factors from the internal environment are the self-awareness of each student. From the current situation of the problem, the study has proposed educational measures for 504 students from 8 schools and colleges in Can Tho University (CTU), Vietnam. Some measures were to educate social-emotional skills for students through soft skills topics, teach soft skills to students through extracurricular activities, and soft skills education for students through integrated teaching.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0015/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

The Impact of External Debt on Human Capital Development and GDP Growth in HIPCs: a Comprehensive Approach

The growth theorists argue that human capital development/accumulation (HCD/A) is vital for economic growth. However, the level of external debt accumulation determines HCA and its effect on economic growth. Besides, the impact of external debt on growth is still debatable. Further, the external debt-growth relationship could be non-linear instead of linear, and external debt can affect growth through the HCD channel. Therefore, this study aims to look at the impact of foreign debt on HCD and growth in heavily indebted poor countries (HIPCs) employing seemingly unrelated regressions (SUR) and other alternative simultaneous equations models (SEMs) from 1990–2017. The result indicates the link between foreign debt and HCD is negative and non-linear, but only non-linearity is observed between foreign debt and growth. Besides, external debt affects HIPCs growth through the HCD channel. Therefore, the study recommends essentializing solid macroeconomic policies, strengthening institutional performance, appropriate debt management strategies, and investing borrowed funds in productive projects.

Attribute reduction for incomplete mixed data based on neighborhood information system

In an era of data-based and information-centric Industry 4.0, extracting potential knowledge and valuable information from data is central to data mining tasks. Yet, the ambiguity, imprecision, incompleteness, and hybrid in real-world data pose tremendous challenges to critical information mining. Accordingly, we propose a new Max-Correlation Min-Redundant (MCMR) attribute reduction model from the uncertainty relation of attributes to avoid information loss in incomplete mixed data. Specifically, the neighbor relations are primarily developed based on the soft computing approach of the neighborhood information system, which divides the objects into neighborhood covers to maximize the utilization of the information in the incomplete mixed data. Then, we detailly analyze the internal and external consistency relationships of the four main uncertainty functions. Based on this, a new MCMR uncertain function is designed with maximum relevance and minimum redundancy. Experiments on nine real-world datasets validate the proposed model can improve data quality by mining critical information in classification tasks and achieving optimal performance with a minimum number of attributes.

Relational Capital & Media Brands

Continuing a research program studying new metrics for relational capital, this paper reports on a new analysis of media brands, both traditional and newer entrants. Relational capital is a key aspect of the knowledge assets or intellectual capital of the firm. Unlike human capital (job-related knowledge) or structural capital (knowledge incorporated into the firm itself), relational capital has to do with external relationships. Specifically, knowledge about handling external relationships, especially those with customers. Relational capital is not a widely studied topic in knowledge management (KM) or intellectual capital (IC), including potential metrics. Brand equity, on the other hand, is an idea from another field that is well-known and much studied. While not the same concept as relational capital, it is clearly related as brand equity comes from a history of customer interactions and the value of the relationships built by the firm. Better knowledge of what satisfies customers plays an obvious role in building brand equity. But brand equity does not have a single, recognized method for calculation. Annual reports and rankings from marketing consulting firms routinely provide estimates of brand equity for high-value, well-known brands. Most of the other brands, not so much. Even so, if we know the brands with the highest equity values and can tie some additional metrics to that status, we can begin to uncover the level of customer knowledge held by individual firms and, by extension, relational capital in a wider variety of organizations. This study focuses on a brand sentiment analysis, using commercial software from Salesforce Social Studio. The web-scraping software collects mentions of a brand (or any keyword) across the web, not only social media but reviews, aggregators, and other sources of brand commentary. From that capability, an assessment of the brand’s meaning to users can be assessed at a point in time. In particular, this study looked at established media brands (New York Times, Wall Street Journal, etc.) and new media brands (Buzzfeed, Techcrunch, etc.) over a three-month period in early 2023. Data were collected on brand activity (volume), sentiment (positive/negative), sources, influencers, country of origin/language, and other indicators, including the variance of all the above measures. From there, comparisons can be made across the more established brands and the developing ones, as well as to high-equity brands from other industries (covered in other studies). As noted, some suggestions can then be made concerning what metrics to track over time to assess the ongoing value of relational capital.