External Enterprises Research Articles

A Review of the Research on the Influencing Factors of Enterprise Key Core Technology Breakthrough

The breakthrough of key core technology is a theoretical and practical strategic issue to realize the rise of the country. This paper analyzes the concept of key core technology and its breakthrough and analyzes its characteristics. Based on the perspective of participants, this paper summarizes the influencing factors of key core technology breakthroughs in enterprises: internal and external enterprises, universities and scientific research institutions, and government. This paper expands the relevant research on key core technology breakthroughs and provides inspiration for enterprises to carry out key core technology research and breakthrough practices.

Yesterday's solution: Do national economic and technological development zones promote industrial development in typical developing regions of China?

With the proliferation of special economic zones (SEZs) among emerging economies, their mixed performance has sparked discussions on contextual heterogeneity and underlying driving mechanisms. Characterized by an outward-oriented economy and industry-city interaction, the cross-stage establishment practice of China's national economic and technological development zones (ETDZs) is conducive to expanding existing research focused on cross-country analyses of SEZs. This study constructs difference-in-differences models to analyze the influence of national ETDZs on regional industrial development in the Yellow River basin, a typical developing region in China, from 2003 to 2019, evaluating their performance under a regional balanced development strategy and a within a lagging economic backdrop. The results indicate that (1) national ETDZs do not contribute to industrial growth and even exert a negative effect; (2) while they fail to perform better over time, their spatial spillover effect slightly benefits neighboring cities; (3) an optimal economic environment and proactive policy promotion can respectively mitigate and exacerbate their negative effects; (4) the inability to attract external enterprises and achieve industrial restructuring is the primary cause of the negative effect, highlighting a mismatch and discord between the economic and policy attributes of national ETDZs and evolving contexts. Based on these findings, recommendations are proposed to cultivate SEZs as suitable policy platforms and effective economic spaces.

Environmental taxes, environmental outsourcing, and pollution abatement: Evidence from Chinese industrial sewage discharge enterprises

Polluting enterprises purchase technologies, goods, or services from external enterprises to mitigate pollution, which is called environmental outsourcing. This paper examines the effect of environmental taxes (ETs) on pollution abatement when environmental outsourcing is prevalent. We build a novel enterprise-level panel dataset for 2011–2018 and employ staggered difference-in-differences (DID) estimators to investigate the heterogeneous responses of in-house and outsourced abatement enterprises to the environmental tax increments. Our research demonstrates that imposing environmental taxes for pollution control has a significant positive effect. However, the environmental taxes have failed to successfully transmit their impacts on the changes in compliance costs of polluting enterprises through pollution treatment fees in the end-of-pipe treatment process. It has been demonstrated that environmental outsourcing seriously dilutes and even hinders the efficacy of environmental taxes in reducing water pollution. These findings shed fresh insight on the relationship between environmental policies and outsourcing services and highlight the necessity of incorporating environmental outsourcing into the design of environmental policies.

PROBLEMS OF HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AT INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES IN THE POST-WAR PERIOD

The article examines the issues of personnel policy of industrial enterprises in the post-war period. The quantitative and qualitative composition of the personnel in the industrial sector, the number of permanent employees, and the business’s innovative activities have been investigated. It is noted that personnel serves as the foundation for enterprise development, ensuring the stability of industrial enterprises. It has been found that the number of permanent employees in the industrial sector is constantly decreasing, and factors such as the implementation of automated systems and robots replacing human labor, reduction of staff positions by transferring some production to external enterprises, periods of economic crisis, changes in the enterprise’s activities, cost reduction, changes in consumer demand, and demographic decline affect the outflow of personnel. The dependence of industrial workforce on the country’s population is determined. The demographic situation of Ukraine’s population is considered, and the main indicators are calculated, namely: the index of the population’s numerical strength of Ukraine; the index of the working-age population of Ukraine; the index of the number of permanent employees in the industry. The level of workforce turnover is analyzed, the main groups are investigated, and their main reasons for the high level of workforce turnover are identified, based on components such as personnel needs, employer requirements, external factors, aspects, and factors for investigating the quantitative and qualitative composition of employees. The main consequences of high workforce turnover are determined. It is substantiated that in order to prevent a critical situation with personnel issues in the future, a series of preventive measures have been formulated, which need to be implemented soon for each individual industrial enterprise.

Percepción del desarrollo económico en un Pueblo Mágico: San Sebastián del Oeste, Jalisco, México

Tourist activity is transforming the economic life of a community with sui generis characteristics. Three events have led to this transformation: the resurgence of new tourism demands, the construction of the highway and the incursion of the federal program of Magic Towns. The objective of this paper focuses on rescuing the voices of local actors on the subject, for which we resorted to the grounded theory methodology to build a new object of study, which questioned local development in San Sebastián del Oeste. The technique used was the Atlas ti program. Among the main results, it was found that: the economic benefits generated by the influx of tourists to the area are reflected in the investments of external enterprises. The locals obtain marginal income. The economic sector with the greatest advantages is local gastronomy

Can enterprises' participation in targeted poverty alleviation reduce the cost of debt financing? Evidence from China

Poverty reduction is a hot topic in current academic research. Using a sample of Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed enterprises in China, this paper investigates whether firms participate in targeted poverty relief project can reduce debt financing costs. The study finds that enterprises' participation in targeted poverty alleviation effectively reduces debt financing costs. Mechanism tests further demonstrate that such participation diminishes the information asymmetry between internal and external enterprises, enhances brand value and reputation, attracts ESG investors to invest, and ultimately results in reduced debt financing costs. Furthermore, private enterprises' participation in targeted poverty alleviation is more effective in reducing their debt financing costs compared with state-owned enterprises. These findings highlight the win-win nature of enterprises' involvement in targeted poverty alleviation, offering valuable insights for developing countries to sustainably eliminate poverty.

Research on home care model of intelligent community based on SD model -- Taking Meilin community as an example

The problem of aging has appeared in some countries, and the problem of providing for the aged has become one of the key issues. In recent years, aging has also become a social problem in China, but the current pension model can not meet the diversified and personalized needs of the elderly in China. In this paper, the intelligent community home-based elderly care model has become the forefront of academic research and a new topic of elderly care practice. On this basis, this paper sorts out the research context of the home-based elderly care model in smart communities, and uses Maslow's Hierarchical Needs Theory (MHNT) and Welfare Pluralism Theory (WPT) as research methods to analyze the needs of the elderly and the choice of welfare providers. In addition, this paper uses the method of system dynamics to establish a model to analyze the supply and demand balance of different pension models, and demonstrates the advancement of community home-based pension model. Finally, through the interview and investigation of the staff and managers of the smart community home-based elderly care model in Meilin community, Dongzhi County, Anhui Province, China, this paper summarizes the existing elderly care model in the community, and finds some deficiencies, such as the lack of full-time personnel, the inadequate use of new technologies and the lack of financial support. According to this, the paper puts forward corresponding countermeasures: (1) the problems of personnel can be solved by strengthening the training of service personnel, improving the system of volunteers and community service personnel working together, etc;(2) The problem of technology application can be solved by cooperating with external enterprises or other organizational units in research and development; (3In terms of financial support, it is necessary to broaden the channels of obtaining funds, seek the cooperation of enterprises, and adopt the innovative pension service mode of charging for providing high-end services and using the income for public welfare free basic services to effectively raise funds. Through the above research, the authors can put forward solutions to the pension problems faced by Meilin community, integrate relevant resources, and reduce the social burden.

Value chain design through synergistic optimisation of configuration and operation of value activities: an application case of cold chain logistics

The ‘no breakage chain’ characteristics of cold chain logistics make it important to study the synergistic optimisation between its activities. This study analyses the value chain of cold/frozen goods logistics businesses and proposes a value chain-based synergistic framework: intra-enterprise synergy, and synergy of internal and external enterprises. Based on this framework, a cost optimisation model for intra-enterprise synergy of value activities is established; then with consideration of the market-oriented value activity configuration, a synergistic optimisation model for internal and external enterprise between customer utility and enterprise cost through value activity configuration and operations is established. The synergistic optimisation model is a 0–1 nonlinear bilevel programming (BLP) problem, which is solved by using a bilevel nested genetic algorithm (BNGA). Finally, the established synergistic optimisation model is applied to case analysis of a cold chain logistics company as a computational example to demonstrate the effectiveness of the model.

A Case Study of Local Revitalization in Taiwan-Taking Macaran as an Example

The main purpose of this study is to analyze the local revitalization plan of indigenous peoples in Taiwan, China in respect to Macaran in Southern Taiwan, China by qualitative research methods. Based on this study, the actions that are necessary in order to revitalize indigenous tribes are as follows: (1) tribal leaders should create local revitalization teams and establish counselor mechanisms; (2) build ethnic consciousness and set clear revitalization goals; (3) identify the DNA of local revitalization development region; (4) collaborate with external enterprises and universities for joint development; (5) provide employment opportunities to attract young people or talents to return to their hometowns to work after the maturation of the plan.

INFORMATION SYSTEMS AS A TOOL FOR IMPROVING THE SEAPORTS PRODUCTIVITY

The object of the study is a seaport as a transport hub with an internal infrastructure consisting of various departments whose actions are coordinated by the management system. It is noted that the introduction of information systems into the port management structure allows coordinating actions between port departments and external partners. The seaport is considered as a system consisting of subsystems, information about the state of which allows to streamline the processes of cargo movement, to carry out the activities of the port for a certain planning period and to make decisions in case of non-standard situations. It is noted in the paper that loading and unloading operations in the port are carried out by means of lifting and transport equipment, which has recently been produced with automatic and automated control. Attention is drawn to the fact that automated loading and transport equipment and related technologies for processing and tracking storage locations of processed goods contribute to improving the seaports efficiency. It is emphasized that the use of information technologies in seaports reduces the errors probability that may occur due to the human factor, contributes to the optimization of technological processes and reduces vehicle downtime. It is particularly noted that the development of information systems contributes to the integration of the cargo plan of the seaport with the shift-daily plan and the arrival of vehicles for processing, which allows for the operational management of the seaport. These data indicate that information resources are an economic value and act as one of the factors of seaport management. The information technologies used in the transport industry are considered and trends in the development of information systems of the port economy are identified in the paper. Based on the analysis of literary sources, it is concluded that the introduction of information technologies in ports contributes to increasing productivity and strengthening cooperation between interested parties in the transport sphere of activity. Smart ports will allow the port industry to interact with external enterprises with higher accuracy, openness and transparency, thereby improving relations and efficiency.

Impact of Voluntary Environmental Regulation on Green Technological Innovation: Evidence From Chinese Manufacturing Enterprises

Can voluntary environmental regulation play a major role in the transformation of traditional environmental regulation; undertake the task of improving the flexibility, autonomy, and effectiveness of environmental regulation; and promote green technology innovation of enterprises? This study uses the propensity score matching and difference-in-differences (PSM-DID) model to analyze the net effect and heterogeneity of voluntary environmental regulation on green technology innovation, and further explores the impact mechanism of voluntary environmental regulation on green technology innovation from three perspectives: government subsidies, public support, and external enterprise cooperation. The results show that voluntary environmental regulation has a significant positive effect on green technology innovation regardless of time, industry, and regional factors. The implementation of voluntary environmental regulation promotes the green patent authorization of enterprises by 15.12–17.59%. In addition, voluntary environmental regulation also shows industry heterogeneity, scale heterogeneity, and ownership heterogeneity for green technology innovation, and it emphasizes the promotion effect on enterprises in mild pollution industries, large-scale enterprises, and private enterprises. Furthermore, the implementation of voluntary environmental regulation will have a positive impact on green technology innovation by curbing public support and expanding cooperation with external enterprises.

Research on the Benefit-Sharing Model of Collaborative Innovation Mechanism in Power Innovation Park

Currently, innovation is no longer limited to a single enterprise. The joint realization of collaborative innovation by multiple parties has become the main driving force for innovation and development. The Power Innovation Park is an emerging innovation and entrepreneurship model. It is guided by power grid companies, and the school, government, and enterprise are combined in the park. The Power Innovation Park urgently needs theoretical guidance in terms of the resource allocation mechanism, support incentive mode, and benefit-sharing mode, so this paper takes the park as an example to study the benefit-sharing mode of collaborative innovation. In this paper, the transformation methods of the Power Innovation Park are divided into two types: cooperation between members within the park and dominated by external enterprises in the park. This paper applies cooperative game theory and HJB equation to study the benefit-sharing model of each member in the Power Innovation Park under two different result transformation modes. Research has shown that an appropriate method of transformation of results can maximize the overall and individual interests of the park and that individual interests are affected by many factors. Finally, this paper puts forward policy recommendations to promote the collaborative innovation development of the innovation park through the research results.

Research on the Construction of Multi-dimensional Power Grid Enterprise Asset Health Evaluation Index System

Most power grid companies are asset-intensive and technology-intensive companies. Therefore, the quality and health of assets and equipment are crucial to the sustainability of the development of power grid companies and the safety of power grid development. To power grid companies through multiple dimensions Decompose the evaluation index of asset health, find the key factors affecting the asset health evaluation of power grid enterprises, and find a way to solve the problem for the subsequent improvement of the health of power grid enterprises’ assets. This paper describes the SMART criteria for asset health assessment, combining the principles of index selection and index grading, and clarifies the principles of constructing the evaluation index system. On this basis, from the three dimensions of physical, economic and social, and considering the internal and external power grid enterprises, a multi-dimensional asset health evaluation index system has been established.

Supplier Association Relationship and Cost Stickiness <br/>—Analysis of Cooperation Effect Based on Environmental Uncertainty

From different perspectives with supplier relationships as the entry point, this paper explores the impact of external enterprises on the cost stickiness of listed companies based on the data of listed manufacturing companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2016 to 2019. The results show that when the main suppliers are the associated companies of the listed company, the suppliers’ correlation degree and the influence of the associated suppliers will significantly reduce the cost stickiness, while the suppliers’ volatility degree will significantly increase the cost stickiness. Further researches show that in the samples with high environmental uncertainty, associated suppliers can exert more cooperative effects. State-owned enterprises can better deal with the cooperative relationship with associated suppliers, thus reducing cost stickiness. This study enriches the related research on the correlation relationship of supply chain to cost stickiness. Under the current background of economic transformation and upgrading, choosing the right supplier relationship can effectively deal with the negative impact of environmental uncertainty, reflecting the “alliance effect”.

ЗМІСТОВНЕ НАПОВНЕННЯ ТА ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПРОЦЕСНОГО ПІДХОДУ В НАУКОВОМУ ДИСКУРСІ В МЕНЕДЖМЕНТІ БІЗНЕС-СТРУКТУР

The purpose of the article is to identify the key features of the basic category of the process approach of enterprise management “business process”, to develop its species structure. Research methodology. To achieve the goal set in the article, the following methods were used: historical, logical generalization, scientific abstraction, analysis and synthesis. Findings. The article considers the following basic approaches to enterprise management: systemic, situational, functional and process approaches. Their features and applicability at the enterprises are highlighted. It is emphasized that all the above mentioned approaches to management are aimed at attempting to follow the company’s goals in order to achieve the planned results, with the source, purpose and influence tools differ. The relevance of the process approach to management in the system of modern economic relations in the business environment has been stated with due regard for the rapid changes in the external enterprises environment. The process approach changes the perspective on the enterprise, rethinking it as a set of defined business processes, creates opportunities for the implementation of specific systems of rapid response to changes, through building a monitoring system based on key performance indicators under all conditions. In this case, the process approach represents itself as an element of the system of providing flexible organizational structures. At its core, the process approach to management is based on business processes that reflect the dynamic picture of the creation and distribution of products and services by the enterprise. The article analyses the genesis of the main interpretations of the “business process” definition, highlights the approaches used in the explanation of this concept and provides an author’s interpretation of the essence of “business process”. The analysis of the basic interpretations genesis of the “business process” concept has provided the basis for its main characteristics generalization. Practical value. The conducted analysis, author’s definition and classification of business processes creates opportunities for a deeper analysis of the business processes of the enterprise, the evaluation of which will form an effective mechanism for effective management of the business structure.

Effects of Informal Contracts on Innovative Cooperation among Enterprises in Industrial Clusters: An Evolutionary Game Analysis

Industrial cluster theory has important guiding significance for regional industrial development and industrial agglomeration advantages. Cooperation among enterprises is the corner stone of industrial clusters. The purpose of the paper is to explore the effects of cluster informal contracts on cluster enterprises and the behavior of external partners. Based on the dynamic evolutionary game theory, this paper constructs a model, which incorporates several main factors influencing the innovative cooperation among local and external cluster enterprises. By calculating the replicator dynamics equations and analyzing the evolutionary stable strategies, this paper discusses the evolution process of cooperation strategies of enterprises in different situation. Furthermore, by using MATLAB software to simulate the model, this paper verifies the accuracy and reliability of the game model. Results show that, in addition to the formal market contract, effective implementations of cluster informal contracts can reduce opportunistic behavior in innovative cooperation among internal and external enterprises. Meanwhile, we should pay attention to strengthen the external innovative cooperation, increase severity of penalties, enhance the credit network externality, and avoid the relevant risks. The paper enriches our understanding about how informal contracts can help promote and cultivate good cooperative order in innovative cooperation of clusters.

V. Kolosok, M. Biriukov. Management models of the integrated enterprises logistics system of the holding company.

The conditions of the modern globalization economy determine the high complexity of the functioning of all the structures and systems of international industrial financial holdings. The effectiveness of the performance of the whole holding depends largely on the success of its logistics systems. The main tasks of the corporate logistics of the holding include: fulfillment of client orders; transportation of raw materials, semi-finished and finished products; warehousing and storage services; performing cargo insurance and transportation, product certification, customs clearance, and the like. The volumes and conditions for the fulfillment of these tasks by both the associated and external logistics operators of the holding affect the cost of corporate logistics. The article defines the types of corporate logistics systems of domestic mining and metallurgical holdings, describes the components and conditions for the formation of corporate logistics costs, reveals the effect of transfer pricing on the services of related and external enterprises of the holding. Substantiated is the corporate logistics cost management model and the pricing model for metal products of the integrated metallurgical enterprise. The results of the study presented in the article made it possible to draw conclusions about the need to develop models and tools for managing logistics systems of integrated related enterprises of domestic holdings.

Access to External Finance and Manufacturing Enterprises’ Profitability in Africa:Evidence from Ethiopia

The financial sector plays a critical role in allocating capital across enterprises and industries by intermediating between creditors and lenders. The beneficial effects of the financial sector on economic activity is that access to external finance may allow firms to have better capacity to acquire necessary working capital and technical inputs that could allow small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to improve profitability performance. Therefore, financial market imperfections can reduce the efficiency of this transmission mechanism and it can have serious impact on enterprises' real activities and harm their profitability. This study examined the effects of access to bank credit on SME profitability using evidence from the Ethiopian Central Statistics Agency (CSA) Manufacturing Industries Survey data for the period from 2005 to 2012. The study showed that access to bank credit does not affect SME profitability. Hence, the findings support the null hypothesis that bank credit has no significant effect on SMEs' profitability improvement in Ethiopia. The findings contribute to the often contradictory and inconclusive literatures on finance and SME performance. The results are also consistent with various prior studies and pecking order theory that proposes firms will only seek external finance when they have exhausted all sources of internal finance, but it contradicts trade-off and cash flow theories.

Let the Grunts do it! – Studying the Embedding of a Multidisciplinary Master Education in an Educational Institution

Despite much attention interdisciplinary educations still struggle to make full foothold in higher education. This paper study how an interdisciplinary master education can become embedded in education institutions. Educational research and institutional theory is used to conceptualise the interdisciplinary aspect and institutional change work. The case, Innokick, is a new education introduced in Switzerland. The education recruit engineers, business economists, and design bachelors. Cross disciplinary collaboration is central in the education as is close encounter with external enterprises and organisations that provide tasks for the students. The students develop prototypes of applications, products, a business model and business plan. The research fieldwork encompassed interviews, study of documentation and participants' observation. The study show how relatively low rank employees, the grunts, is left with realizing a strategy of making cross disciplinary, cross institutional and research based education. In an entrepreneurial spirit the first semester showed how a strong culture developed yet many aspect under construction. Challenges include tightening the interdisciplinary teachers' team, overcoming mono-disciplinary cultures at the involved education institutions, strengthening research and future employment for the students of the master. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open acess article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.

Практический опыт реализации подходов программной и системной инженерии для управления требованиями при разработке программного обеспечения в авиационной отрасли

The article describes the technical world evolution tendencies, which require proper software and system engineering approaches used for complex systems creation, for example for aircrafts creation. The substantiation of the importance and relevance of using requirements management discipline in software development is made. The main basics of software and system engineering approaches and discipline are set out. System engineering is a discipline, which integrates and harmonizes all activities around entire area of systems creation. The article contains description of information systems, which have been created in GosNIIAS and now are actively used in internal and external works: requirements management information system, problem reports management information system, technological environment for test methods preparation and test results registration. Requirements management information system contains special predefined documents and template, required by standards DO-178, DO-254, DO-330, ARP4754, State Standards GOST 51904 and GOST 34. Using of requirements management system in GosNIIAS and external enterprises is described. Problem reports management information system registers and supports the lifecycle of problem reports, which appear during the work process. Technological environment for test methods preparation and test results registration supports different activities such as test methods, test cases, test procedures preparation and testing on the integration stand, test results registration and test protocols preparation. Some perspective directions of software and system engineering approaches applying in GosNIIAS are listed.