Expression Levels Of HSP70 Research Articles

Comparison effect of Rhodobacter sphaeroides protein replace fishmeal on growth performance, intestinal morphology, hepatic antioxidant capacity and immune gene expression of Litopenaeus vannamei under low salt stress

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of replacing fishmeal (FM) with Rhodobacter sphaeroides protein on growth performance, intestinal morphology and antioxidant capability of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in an eight-week feeding experiment. FM protein of a FM-based control diet (FM20) was replaced with 0 (FM20), 4 (FM16), 8 (FM12), 12 (FM8), 16 (FM4), and 20% (FM0) by Rhodobacter sphaeroides protein to formulate six experimental diets. Compared with control group, the shrimp fed 4% (FM16) and 8% (FM12) Rhodobacter sphaeroides protein gained higher survival rate and specific growth rate (SGR). There were no significant differences in MDA content of hepatopancreases and crude protein in whole body, while crude lipid was increased significantly in shrimp fed with Rhodobacter sphaeroides protein. In addition, there was no negative impact on the intestinal morphology of shrimp by FM replacement with Rhodobacter sphaeroides protein. The challenge test with low salt stress showed that the survival rate of shrimp fed with Rhodobacter sphaeroides protein were not significantly different from that of shrimp fed with whole fishmeal. Furthermore, higher T-AOC and GSH-PX activities of hepatopancreases of shrimp were observed in Rhodobacter sphaeroides protein after low salt stress. Moreover, compared with the control group, substitution of Rhodobacter sphaeroides significantly improved the resistance of L. vannamei against the stress of acute low salinity, as indicated by higher expression levels of SOD, Relish and HSP70 and lower expression levels of Caspase-3. Our findings suggested that Rhodobacter sphaeroides protein, has improved growth performance and maintained the intestinal tract healthy, and enhanced antioxidant competence and immunity of L. vannamei and could serve as novel FM replacement in shrimp feed that helps shrimp to overcome low salt challenge.

Modulation of Antioxidant Enzymes, Heat Shock Protein, and Intestinal Microbiota of Large Yellow Croaker (Larimichthys crocea) Under Acute Cold Stress

The experiment was conducted in a sealed, temperature-controlled room. The initial water temperature of the treatment group was 12°C, lowered by 1°C a day to 8°C using a chiller, and maintained at that temperature for 3 days. The water temperature was then increased by 1°C per day to 12°C using a heater. The control group were the fish that kept at 12°C at the beginning of the experiment; T1 represents the group that sampled on the first day when the water temperature reached 8 from 12°C; T2 represents the group that sampled when the fish had been kept at 8°C for 3 days; T3 represents the group sampled when the water temperature was increased to 12 from 8°C. The antioxidant abilities of the liver, muscle, and intestine of large yellow croaker at different temperatures and times were determined, and the expression of HSP70 and HSP90 in the liver as well as the changes in intestinal microbiota were investigated. The results showed that the activities of SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, and MDA content increased significantly when the water temperature decreased from 12 to 8°C, significantly higher than those in the control group. The gene expression levels of HSP70 and HSP90 in the liver of large yellow croaker significantly increased under low temperature stress and were significantly higher than those in the control group. The diversity and abundance of intestinal microbiota of large yellow croaker were altered when the water temperature was maintained at 8°C, although the change was not obvious. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes were the dominate phyla in both the 12 and 8°C groups, and the temperature variation did not change the functional pathways of the microbiota. In conclusion, the acute temperature variation affected the antioxidant ability and heat shock protein expression of large yellow croaker but did not affect the diversity or abundance of the intestinal microbiota. These results will provide a theoretical basis for studying the mechanisms of large yellow croaker overwintering and adaptation to low temperatures.

Nuclear-localized eukaryotic translation initiation factor 1A is involved in mouse preimplantation embryo development.

Preimplantation embryo development is characterized by drastic nuclear reprogramming and dynamic stage-specific gene expression. Key regulators of this earliest developmental stage have not been revealed. In the present study, a "non-classical" nuclear-localization pattern of eIF1A was observed during early developmental stages of mouse preimplantation embryo before late-morula. In particular, eIF1A is most highly expressed in the nuclear of 2-cell embryo. Knockdown eIF1A by siRNA microinjection affected the development of mouse preimplantation embryo, resulted in decreased blastocyst formation rate. CDX2 protein expression level significantly down-regulated after eIF1A knockdown in morula stage. In addition, the mRNA expression level of Hsp70.1 was also decreased in 2-cell embryo. The results indicate an indispensable role of eIF1A in mouse preimplantation embryos.

Research Note: Expression level of heat shock protein 27 in PSE-like and fast-glycolyzing conditions of chicken pectoralis major muscle

This study compared the meat quality traits, histochemical characteristics, and heat shock protein (HSP) 27 expression levels of the broiler Pectoralis major (PM) muscles in groups classified by pale, soft, and exudative (PSE)-like and fast-glycolyzing conditions using the lightness and muscle pH change values. Chicken PM muscles showing higher pH change value and paler meat surface (as HP group) could be associated with the PSE-like condition, and exhibited a lower pH24 h value and higher cooking loss compared to PM muscles showing lower pH change value and normal color (as LN group) (P < 0.05). Greater PM muscle weight and fiber area were observed in the HP group compared to the other groups (P < 0.05); meanwhile, the PM muscles showing higher pH change value with normal color (as HN group) and the PM muscles showing lower pH change value with paler color (as LP group) did not differ in the water holding capacity, Warner-Bratzler shear force, and muscle fiber characteristics (P > 0.05). Muscle samples showing a higher pH change value exhibited a greater level of HSP27 compared to muscle samples showing a lower pH change value (P < 0.05). Therefore, the current findings suggested that the expression level of HSP27 can be a useful indicator for explaining variations in the glycolytic rate of chicken breast muscle.

Changes in Expressions of HSP27, HSP70, and Soluble Glycoprotein in Heart Failure Rats Complicated with Pulmonary Edema and Correlations with Cardiopulmonary Functions.

The study is aimed at investigating the changes in expressions of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27), HSP70, and soluble glycoprotein (SGP) in heart failure (HF) rats complicated with pulmonary edema and exploring their potential correlations with cardiopulmonary functions. The rat model of HF was established, and the rats were divided into HF model group (model group, n = 15) and normal group (n = 15). After successful modeling, MRI and ECG were applied to detect the cardiac function indexes of the rats. The myocardial function indexes were determined, the injury of myocardial tissues was observed via hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, and the content of myeloperoxidase (MPO), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the blood was measured. The partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) and oxygenation index (OI) were observed, and the airway resistance and lung compliance were examined. Moreover, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blotting assay were performed to detect the gene and protein expression levels of HSP27, HSP70, and SGP130. The levels of serum creatine kinase (CK), creatine (Cr), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were increased markedly in model group (p < 0.05). Model group had notably decreased fractional shortening (FS) and ejection fraction (EF) compared with normal group (p < 0.05), while the opposite results of left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) and left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD) were detected. In model group, the content of serum MPO, MMP-9, and TNF-α was raised remarkably (p < 0.05), OI and PaO2 were reduced notably (p < 0.05), the airway resistance was increased (p < 0.05), and the lung compliance was decreased (p < 0.05). Obviously elevated gene and protein expression levels of HSP27, HSP70, and SGP130 were detected in model group (p < 0.05). The expressions of HSP27, HSP70, and SGP130 are increased in HF rats complicated with pulmonary edema, seriously affecting the cardiopulmonary functions of the rats.

Sensitivity of midgut physiological parameters of Lymantria dispar L. larvae to benzo[a]pyrene in populations with different multigeneration contact to environmental pollutants

Accumulation of organic pollutants in the environment calls for sensing physiological parameters adequate to indicate the presence of contaminants and their effects on ecosystems. Evidence points to the importance of insect adaptations in their habitats for the assessment of sensitive biomarkers so we examined the influence of origin and multigenerational adaptations of the Lymantria dispar larvae to chronic benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) treatment under laboratory conditions. The main aim was to compare reactions of larvae from unpolluted and polluted forests using alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP), and carboxylesterase (CE) specific activities in the midgut, including electrophoretic isoform patterns; midgut expression levels of Hsp70, larval development time (DT), and midgut mass (MM), after chronic exposure to 5 and 50 ng of B[a]P/g dry food weight. The biomarker potential of these parameters regarding larval pre-exposure history to pollution was estimated by principal component analysis (PCA). B[a]P treatment resulted in inhibition of ALP activity, a rise of CE activity, and reduction of MM in larvae from the unpolluted forest, while the population from the polluted forest showed significant elevation of Hsp70 expression in the midgut, prolonged DT, and reduction of MM. PCA confirmed variations in responses of the selected parameters regarding population origin. The obtained results provide insight into insect population variability concerning physiological responses to pollutants. It is indicative that all investigated physiological parameters of L. dispar larvae showed origin-dependent responses to long-term presence of B[a]P, which may be of great importance in ecotoxicological research.

Lysine supplemented to poultry by‐product meal replacement diet modulates body growth, metabolism and related gene expressions of hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii ♀ × Acipenser baerii ♂)

Hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii♀×Acipenser baerii♂) were fed with four isonitrogenous (approximately 43.0%) and isolipidic (approximately 13.6%) diets: FM-based diet (lysine control diet, LC diet), poultry by-product meal totally substitute diet (lysine low diet, LL diet), LL diet supplemented lysine to match the LC diet group level (lysine medium diet, LM diet) and LL diet supplemented lysine over the LC diet group level (lysine high diet, LH diet) for 8 weeks to determinate the effect of dietary lysine supplementation on growth performance, metabolism and immunity response. The results indicated that compared with control diet, LL diet led to depressed growth performance and feed utilization. Lysine supplementation had a significant effect on improving the growth performance and feed utilization. Moreover, LL diet also decreased the plasma-free amino acid concentration, nutrient content and mRNA expression level of IGF system and increased plasma immunity indexes and gene expression level of HSP70 than the control diet. LM diet had marked efficiency to eliminate the differential effects caused by lysine insufficiency. However, high-level lysine addition had undesirable effect on regulating the growth performance, feed utilization, plasma-free amino acid concentration, nutrient content, immunity indexes and gene expression level. Present study demonstrated that poultry by-product meal with lysine addition could totally substitute FM without adverse effects on growth performance, plasma AA concentration, nutrient content and immune response in hybrid sturgeon. Our results provide a solid evidence for using lysine to improve the body growth performance and metabolism in hybrid sturgeon.

Diurnal and seasonal hsp70 gene expression in a cryptic reef fish, the bluebanded goby Lythrypnus dalli (Gilbert 1890)

Physiological responses of marine organisms are influenced by environmental variations, particularly in dynamic habitats. These variations could be at a diel or seasonal scale and require acclimation responses that, at a molecular level, are facilitated by gene expression regulation. Circadian rhythms allow organisms to adjust to recurring environmental changes and to synchronize physiological processes. Increased Hsp70 gene expression allows organisms to protect themselves against heat and other stressors, conferring them a periodically changing thermotolerance. This study aimed at analyzing whether the variability of exogenous factors (temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity) in diurnal or seasonal scales affects hsp70 expression in cryptic reef fishes in their natural environment. The study model was Lythrypnus dalli, an endemic cryptic reef fish inhabiting shallow waters throughout the Gulf of California. Physical parameters varied seasonally; temperature increased 6°C during the warm season, salinity and dissolved oxygen remained constant. Minimal changes in temperature (±1 °C) occurred diurnally. Expression levels of hsp70 increased significantly during the warm season (p &lt; 0.05), perhaps related to seasonal thermal changes. No differences in hsp70 were observed during the diurnal cycle (p &gt; 0.05). L. dalli has apparently developed phenotypic plasticity to face environmental variability at diurnal and seasonal scales.

Heme oxygenase-1 induction by heat shock in rat hepatoma cell line is regulated by the coordinated function of HSF1, NRF2 and BACH1.

The mechanism of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) induction by heat shock (HS) loading remains unclear. Here, we investigated the contribution of transcription factors to HS-induced HO-1 expression, using a rat hepatoma cell line (H-4-II-E). Our results demonstrated that HS treatment resulted in a marked induction of HO-1. Immunohistochemical analysis showed a slight mismatch in the expression levels of HO-1 and HSP70 by HS among cells, suggesting a conflict between multiple induction mechanisms. We observed HS-induced nuclear localization of, not only phosphorylated HSF1 but also NRF2, which is a typical transcription factor activated by oxidative stress. HSF1 knockdown in H-4-II-E markedly reduced HO-1 induction by HS, while NRF2 knockdown resulted in a partial effect. The chromatin immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that HS loading resulted in significant binding of HSF1 to the HSE in the promoter proximal region of HO-1 gene and another HSE located close to the Maf recognition element (MARE) in the -4 kb upstream enhancer region 1, where NRF2 also bound, together with basic leucine zipper transcription factor 1, a negative transcription factor of HO-1. These observations indicate that HO-1 induction by HS is mainly mediated by HSF1 binding to the proximal HSE. NRF2 binding to MARE by HS is predominantly suppressed by an increased binding of BACH1.

Effect of Post-Hatch Heat-Treatment in Heat-Stressed Transylvanian Naked Neck Chicken.

Simple SummaryHeat stress due to high environmental temperature negatively influences animal productivity. Extensive studies have been carried out to evaluate the mechanisms of heat stress in chickens. It was shown that the expression level of heat-shock factors (HSFs) and heat-shock proteins (HSPs) were affected. Tissue-specific responses to the thermal challenge were also found in the heart, liver and muscle. Our study examined the changes in primary production parameters and four heat-shock factor and two heat-shock protein expression profiles in chicken gonads. In the first experiment, 24 h after hatching, 80 Transylvanian Naked Neck chickens were heat-treated at 38.5 °C ambient temperature with 60% humidity for 12 h. In this experiment, we studied the primary productivity parameters of matured chickens after the performed heat stress. In the second experiment, the heat treatment was the same, and we examined the expression pattern of heat-shock factors and heat-shock proteins in the control and treated gonads. We collected the samples immediately after the heat-treatment in case of half of the treated and control group. We found a significant difference in egg production, and increased expression level of HSP90 and HSF4 in heat-treated female gonads.Although numerous studies reported the effects of heat stress in chickens, it was not investigated in the Transylvanian Naked Neck breed. In our research, Transylvanian Naked Neck chickens, 24 h after hatching, were heat-treated at 38.5 °C for 12 h. We compared the control and heat-treated adult chickens’ productivity parameters following 12 weeks of heat-stress at 30 °C. We found that the heat-treated layers had significantly higher egg production in heat stress, but in cockerels, the sperm quality did not differ significantly between the two groups. To detect the effect of heat-treatment on a molecular level, the expression of two heat-shock proteins and four heat-shock factors were analysed in the gonads of control and heat-treated chickens. We found that the expression level of HSP90 and HSF4 increased significantly in heat-treated female chicken gonads. Still, in adult females, the expression of HSF2 and HSF3 were substantially lower compared to the control. In adult heat-treated males, the HSP70, HSF1 and HSF3 expression levels showed a significant increase in both gonads compared to the control. We think that the presented significant differences in egg production might be related to the increased expression level of HSP90 and HSF4 in heat-treated female gonads.

The hsp70 EXPRESSION PROFILING IN FAYOUMI AND MATROUH CHICKEN SUBJECTED TO HEAT STRESS

The present study was undertaken to test the effect of heat stress (39 °C) for 4 hours on Hsp70 mRNA profiling in two chicken genotypes. Expression levels of hsp70 were used to assess the heat tolerance of two Egyptian local genotypes (Fayoumi and Matrouh). The expression level of the hsp70 gene is high in the Fayoumi type as opposed to the Matrouh type. In blood, after four hours of exposure, the hsp70 mRNA expression analysis revealed higher expression levels. These results showed that the acquired thermotolerance is positively linked to the stress memory. Within the two genotypes, Fayoumi type exhibited the highest means for hsp70 production, and therefore the heat stress is better tolerated, which indicates that Fayoumi mortality rate might be lower genetically under heat stress

High-fat diet-induced obesity amplifies HSP70-2a and HSP90 expression in testicular tissue; correlation with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)

AimsCurrent study was conducted to uncover the effect of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity on heat shock proteins 70-2a and 90 expression levels and to investigate the network between these proteins with PCNA expression, endocrine status of testicular tissue and nucleotide backbone damages. Main methodsFor this purpose, 20 mature male Wistar rats were divided into two groups of control and HFD-received obese animals (n = 10/group). After 8 weeks from obesity approval, the animals were euthanized. The expression levels of Hsp70-2a, Hsp90 and PCNA were analyzed by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining techniques. The Leydig cell distribution/mm2 of interstitial tissue, serum level of testosterone, testicular total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and mRNA and DNA damage were investigated. Key findingsThe obese (HFD-received) animals represented a remarkable (p < 0.05) increment in the mRNA levels of hsp70-2a and Hsp90, and the percentages of Hsp70-2a+ and Hsp90+ cells/seminiferous tubules with the same criteria. The PCNA mRNA level and the percentage of PCNA+ cells were decreased in the obese (HFD-received) group. The obesity, significantly decreased testicular TAC and with no effect on the Leydig cell distribution, but by reducing their steroidogenic activity resulted in a remarkable (p < 0.05) reduction in serum testosterone level. Finally, severe mRNA and DNA damage were revealed in the obese (HFD-received) group. SignificanceTherefore, considering massive testicular DNA damage in the obese (HFD-received) animals, we can conclude that an increased expression of Hsp70-2a and Hsp90 with no harmony with PCNA could not properly maintain the cellular DNA integrity and/or appropriately finalize the DNA repair process.

Research Note: Comparison of histochemical characteristics, chicken meat quality, and heat shock protein expressions between PSE-like condition and white-stripping features of pectoralis major muscle

The present study compared the histochemical and meat quality characteristics of broiler pectoralis major (PM) muscle among the groups categorized according to muscle abnormalities, including pale, soft, and exudative (PSE)-like condition and white-striping (WS) feature. Additionally, this study investigated the associations between muscular abnormalities and expression levels of heat shock proteins (HSPs), including αβ-crystallin, HSP70, and HSP90, at the early postmortem period. The WS breasts with normal quality condition showed greater PM muscle weight and were more associated with fiber hypertrophy, compared to the no WS breasts with PSE-like condition (P < 0.05). The PSE-like group exhibited paler surface color and tougher meat, causing more fluid loss after cooking, compared to the normal quality group (P < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in the quality traits between the WS groups (P > 0.05), except for lightness and cooking loss. Higher αβ-crystallin and HSP90 expression levels were observed in PSE-like breast compared to normal quality breast (P < 0.05), whereas WS pattern was not related with HSPs levels (P > 0.05). Therefore, HSP levels at the early postmortem period, especially those of αβ-crystallin and HSP90, were associated with the breast quality characteristics of PSE-like condition broilers.

Bioflocs attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation, immunosuppression and oxidative stress in Channa argus

The regulation of C/N in aquaculture water is an important means of environmental regulation, of which the most common is bioflocs technology (BFT). Here, an eight-week feeding experiment and a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge test were proceed to investigate the growth, oxidative stress, immunosuppression and GR–NF–κB related genes expression of Channa argus rearing in the BFT. Four groups were set, the control group was a basic diet (C/N = 7.6:1), and the other three groups were adjusted by glucose, which was C/N 10: 1, C/N 15: 1 and C/N 20:1, respectively. And we detected the two-stage test indexes of C. argus before and after the LPS challenge. The results showed that the bioflocs of C/N 15:1 group significantly (P < 0.05) promoted the growth performance. Similarly, the trend of immune enzyme activity was the same before and after LPS challenge, but decreased after challenge (except AKP and IgM). The best group is still treatment C/N 15:1. Liver and intestine SOD, CAT, GPX, ASA and T-AOC levels of juveniles in treatment C/N 15:1 were markedly increased (P < 0.05) compared to control before and after the LPS challenge. Simultaneously, the content of MDA in control group was considerably higher than that in treatment C/N 15:1 (P < 0.05). Furthermore, C/N 15:1 group significantly down-regulated the expression level of pro-inflammatory factors (NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-8), and up-regulated IκBα, GR, HSP70 and HSP90 expression levels considerably (P < 0.05). Also, intestinal morphology appeared injury in control group, while intestinal integrity was better in treatment C/N 10:1 and C/N 15:1 after challenge. Taken together, these upshot indicated that bioflocs could enhance growth and alleviate C. argus from LPS-induced oxidative stress, immunosuppression and inflammation through restraining GR–NF–κB signaling pathway. The best C/N ratio for alleviating LPS is 15:1.

HMGCR inhibition stabilizes the glycolytic enzyme PKM2 to support the growth of renal cell carcinoma.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is responsible for most cases of the kidney cancer. Previous research showed that low serum levels of cholesterol level positively correlate with poorer RCC-specific survival outcomes. However, the underlying mechanisms and functional significance of the role of cholesterol in the development of RCC remain obscure. 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) plays a pivotal role in RCC development as it is the key rate-limiting enzyme of the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. In this study, we demonstrated that the inhibition of HMGCR could accelerate the development of RCC tumors by lactate accumulation and angiogenesis in animal models. We identified that the inhibition of HMGCR led to an increase in glycolysis via the regulated HSP90 expression levels, thus maintaining the levels of a glycolysis rate-limiting enzyme, pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2). Based on these findings, we reversed the HMGCR inhibition-induced tumor growth acceleration in RCC xenograft mice by suppressing glycolysis. Furthermore, the coadministration of Shikonin, a potent PKM2 inhibitor, reverted the tumor development induced by the HMGCR signaling pathway.

Bioflocs attenuate Mn-induced bioaccumulation, immunotoxic and oxidative stress via inhibiting GR-NF-κB signalling pathway in Channa asiatica

Manganese (Mn) is a relatively common element in aquatic ecosystems and can be bio-concentration, but the mechanism of manganese poisoning on fish health is unclear. Here, this study's objective was to evaluate the potential mechanisms of bioflocs in ameliorating Mn-induced toxicity in Channa asiatica. Three hundred sixty juveniles were randomly divided into 12 tanks. Four C:N ratios in triplicate tanks were tried: C/N = 7.6:1 with a commercial diet (control), C/N 10:1, C/N 15:1 and C/N 20:1, and the bio-accumulation, immunotoxic, oxidative stress, GR-NF-κB related genes expression and intestinal histomorphology were assessed in three different periods after Mn exposure (0 h, 48 h and 96 h). The results showed that bioflocs had a significant protective effect on Mn poisoning by preventing alterations in bio-accumulation levels, LSZ, AKP, C3, C4 and IgM, of which the C/N 15:1 group had the best relief effect. Furthermore, bioflocs also assisted in the recovery of liver T-SOD, CAT, GPX and T-AOC levels while decreasing the content of MDA. Moreover, C/N 15:1 group significantly down-regulated the expression level of NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-8 and up-regulated significantly IκBα, GR, HSP70 and HSP90 expression levels considerably (P < 0.05). From the intestinal section, the C/N 15:1 group resistance was the best one, and there was no difference between C/N 20:1 group and control group. These results revealed that administration of bioflocs (C/N 15:1) has the potential to combat Mn toxicity in C. asiatica, and the specific pathway may be GR-NF-κB.

Adenosine A1 Receptor Agonist (R-PIA) before Pilocarpine Modulates Pro- and Anti-Apoptotic Factors in an Animal Model of Epilepsy.

We aimed to characterize the mechanisms involved in neuroprotection by R-PIA administered before pilocarpine-induced seizures. Caspase-1 and caspase-3 activities were assayed using fluorimetry, and cathepsin D, HSP-70, and AKT expression levels were assayed using Western Blot of hippocampal samples. R-PIA was injected before pilocarpine (PILO), and four groups were studied at 1 h 30 min and 7 days following initiation of status epilepticus (SE): PILO, R-PIA+PILO, SALINE, and R-PIA+SALINE. At 1 h 30 min, significantly higher activities of caspase-1 and -3 were observed in the PILO group than in the SALINE group. Caspase-1 and -3 activities were higher in the R-PIA+PILO group than in the PILO group. At 7 days following SE, caspase-1 and -3 activities were higher than in the initial post-seizure phase compared to the SALINE group. The pretreatment of rats receiving PILO significantly reduced caspase activities compared to the PILO group. Expression of HSP-70, AKT, and cathepsin D was significantly higher in the PILO group than in the SALINE. In the R-PIA+PILO group, the expression of AKT and HSP-70 was greater than in rats receiving only PILO, while cathepsin D presented decreased expression. Pretreatment with R-PIA in PILO-injected rats strongly inhibited caspase-1 and caspase-3 activities and cathepsin D expression. It also increased expression levels of the neuroprotective proteins HSP-70 and AKT, suggesting an important role in modulating the cellular survival cascade.

The Prognostic Significance of Hsp70 in Patients with Colorectal Cancer Patients: A PRISMA-Compliant Meta-Analysis.

Background Hsp70 (heat shock protein 70) plays a key role in carcinogenesis and cancer progression. However, the relationship between the Hsp70 expression level and the colorectal cancer patient survival is unknown. This study is aimed at investigating the relationship between Hsp70 and the prognosis of colorectal carcinoma patients. Methods PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were used for systematic computer literature retrieval. Stata SE14.0 software was used for quantitative meta-analysis. Besides, data was extracted from selected articles. Relationships between Hsp70 expression level and prognosis were further studied. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were also computed. Results A total of 11 potentially eligible studies with 2269 patients were identified in 10 tumors from PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase. Hsp70 overexpression was associated with poor overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in colorectal carcinoma patients (HRs, 0.65 (95% CI: 0.52-0.78) and 0.77 (95% CI: 0.23-1.32), respectively). Conclusions Hsp70 overexpression can predict poor survival in colorectal cancer patients.

The screen herbal immunopotentiator and research on its effect on the innate immune system and disease resistance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) against Streptococcus agalactiae

To screen potential herbal immunopotentiators, the effects of 20 herbal aqueous extracts (HAEs) on the oxygen respiratory burst activity (ORBA) and phagocytic activity of tilapia blood leucocytes were determined using nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction and phagocytizing latex beads methods, respectively. The screened-out herbal aqueous extract (HAE) supplemented diet (10 g/kg, dry herb/dry feed) was consecutively fed to healthy tilapia for in vivo evaluating its effects on the ORBA and phagocytic activity of head-kidney leucocytes, the acid phosphatase (ACP), lysozyme (LZM), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities of serum, and the mRNA expression levels of IL-β, IL-8, Hsp70, and TNF-α in the spleen. For evaluating the efficacy of the screened-out HAE on preventing streptococcosis, the tilapia were respectively and consecutively fed the control diet and the screened-out HAE supplemented diet for seven and fourteen days and subsequently infected with Streptococcus agalactiae. Their survival cures were compared using the log-rank test. Additionally, the components in the screened-out HAE were identified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-Q exactive orbitrap-mass spectrometry (UPLC-QE-MS). Results showed that, among the candidate HAEs, Scutellaria baicalensis HAE showed more ability in terms of simultaneously enhancing the ORBA and phagocytic activity of tilapia blood leucocytes as compared to the other candidate HAEs. Oral administration of S. baicalensis HAE significantly elevated the ORBA and phagocytic activity of head-kidney leucocytes, the ACP, LZM, and SOD activities of sera, the mRNA expression levels of IL-8 and Hsp 70, and the cumulative survival rate of tilapia with S. agalactiae infections. The negative and positive models of UPLC-QE-MS identified 256 and 596 components of S. baicalensis HAE, respectively. Taken together, the results of this study indicate that S. baicalensis HAE could prove useful in the prevention of tilapia streptococcosis and suggest that it could be further developed as immunostimulants.

Expression and Clinical Significance of Heat Shock Protein 90 in Multiple Myeloma Patients

To investigate the expression of HSP90 in bone marrow samples of multiple myeloma (MM) patients and explore its clinical significance. Maxvision immunohistochemistry technique was used to detect the protein expression level of HSP90 76 MM patients and 29 normal healthy donors. The clinical characteristics of the patients were collected, and the correlation between the HSP90 expression and the clinical characteristics was analyzed. The count of MM patients with positive HSP90 protein was significantly higher than that of normal healthy donor, and there were no significant correlation between HSP90 expression and age, sex, hemoglobin (Hb), creatinine (CREA), blood calcium, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), bone marrow plasma cell proportion and MM subtypes (P>0.05), but HSP90 expression was correlated with β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) and ISS stage (P<0.05). The survival time was lower in MM patients with high expression HSP90 as compared with low expression HSP90 MM patients. HSP90 protein was over-expressed in MM patients, and was correlated with β2-microglobulin, ISS stage and OS of MM patients.