Export Of Raw Materials Research Articles

Розвиток переробної промисловості України як напрям реструктуризації національної економіки

The aim of the article is to generalize the problematic aspects of the functioning of the processing industry of Ukraine. An analysis of theoretical approaches to the positioning of the processing industry as a factor of value creation for industrial products, which, through export, ensures the emergence of added value of other types of economic activity in foreign markets, is carried out. It is noted that against the background of in-depth processing of raw materials, the added value of finished products is growing at a significant pace and ensures an increase in gross domestic product and, accordingly, the development of the national economy. The properties of the processing industry are generalized, which consist in the production of orders for certain types of services, in particular research, information, educational, financial, etc., that ensures the development of innovations for the formation of new sectors of the economy. It is concluded that structural changes in the processing industry generate a transformation of the country’s economic system. Emphasis is placed on deindustrialization as a process of reducing the proportion of industrial activities in the structure of the economy and the share of processing industry in the structure of the country’s industrial sector, which has two forms. The first one is a decrease in the volume of industrial production, the second one is a slowdown in the growth rate of industry compared to other types of economic activity. It is noted that Ukraine is characterized by the first form of deindustrialization, characterized by such main problematic aspects as deterioration of the structure of the economy and negative shifts in the commodity structure of exports. The deterioration of the structure of the economy is determined by the inability to produce products with a high share of value added, which is accompanied by a significant decrease in the share of the processing industry in the structure of gross value added of the national economy, as well as a decrease in the level of manufacturability of industrial products. Negative shifts in the commodity structure of exports are reflected in the rapid decline in the volume of exported manufacturing products against the background of an increase in exports of raw materials. Prospects for further research in this direction are the formation of effective means for the revival of the country’s processing industry, in particular on the basis of the concept of the Novel Industrial Development of Ukraine.

Commodity exports of Ukraine in the conditions of current challenges

The article analyzes the structure and dynamics of Ukraine's commodity exports in 2022 in monetary and weight terms by product groups and items. Exports fell in 19 out of 20 analyzed commodity groups. The structure of commodity exports of Ukraine in 2022 remained conditionally stable. Thus, the largest shares in the structure of commodity exports by commodity groups in 2021 and 2022 accounted for groups II. products of plant origin; III. 15 fats and oils of animal or vegetable origin; XV. low-value metals and products from them. The largest shares in the structure of Ukrainian exports in terms of product positions in 2022 and 2021 accounted for corn, wheat sunflower, safflower or cottonseed oil, and iron ores and concentrates. The article reveals that the dynamics and structure of exports by commodity items in monetary terms differ significantly from similar indicators in weight terms. This is explained by a significant difference between the cost of exporting raw materials and products of their processing. The export value of products of the iron ore and concentrates commodity item was 15.1 times lower than the export value of products of the pipes, tubes, and hollow, seamless profiles of ferrous metals commodity item in 2022 and 8.6 times in 2021. The author summarizes that the level of decline in Ukraine’s commodity exports in 2022 can be considered an economic achievement, taking into account the catastrophic challenges that the Ukrainian nation is struggling with, as well as in comparison with export trends in 2009 and 2014-2016. This was achieved thanks to the multifaceted, diplomatic, and organizational cooperation of the state and business, the work of the grain corridor, and the liberalization of trade with the EU. At the same time, it is worth emphasizing that the export of raw materials from a statist position constitutes the loss of potential economic benefits that could be obtained by processing these raw materials in the country.

On The Positive Impact of the Embargo on the Export of Raw Materials on Technological Development and Economic Self-Reliance of the Russian Federation

The article analyzes the impact of sanctions and embargo on the export of oil, gas and other products on the soundness of Russian economy. The strategic issues of reducing the share of raw material exports in budget revenues, increasing the volume of domestic production of high-tech products and services, as well as ensuring the sovereignty of the Russian state and self-reliance of the Russian economy are considered.

Analysis of the Potential Impact of the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) on the Nigeria Economy.

This paper assesses the potential impact of the Africa Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) on the Nigeria economy. Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Model were employed on quarterly data variables, including export and import trade for the period, March 2010 – June 2020. The result validates the trade-led growth hypothesis in the case of AfCFTA and Nigeria economic growth. Showing export trade as positively related with gross domestic product in the long run, agreeing with economic theory, that export impact positively on gross domestic product. Import indicates negative effect on gross domestic product in the long run. The error correction term (ECT) coefficient indicates that at 29.14% the disequilibrium due to the shock in the previous quarters is adjusted back to the long run equilibrium in the current quarter. The study suggests that for Nigeria to truly benefit from the AfCFTA, an outward-oriented strategy should be adopted, through trade composition by switching from exports of raw materials and semi-manufactured goods to high valued-added goods. Also, the government should scale up issues of productivity in the real sector of the economy and shift from being a net importer to a net exporter of non-oil products. Our results contradict earlier observers of Nigeria, who have argued that the implementation of the AfCFTA could reduce the tariff, revenue accruals, frustrate industrialization, and promote the dumping of products on the Nigerian economy.

Application of Achimov deposits in the oil industry as a way of competitiveness increasing of Russia’s raw materials exports

The relevance of this study lies in the fact that the modern oil market is characterized by instability and high competition. Depletion of oil fields, deterioration of oil production equipment, price instability and political conflicts negatively affect Russia's position in the global energy market. The new economic conditions of 2021 are associated with a decrease in demand for oil and its products, high import dependence, conservation of wells to fulfil the OPEC++ deal, which will lead to a 3-10% drop in the market. It is necessary to apply new methods of oil production, one of which is the modern technology of Achimov oil fields development. The source materials were statistical data from the Center for Macroeconomic Analysis and Short-term Forecasting, the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia, the Analytical Center under the Government of the Russian Federation, world rating reports. The pandemic and self-isolation of 2020 led to the fact that the Russian oil sector lost 50-60% of revenue from hydrocarbon exports, more than 50% of its capitalization. The following fact is relevant for Russian oil companies: search for new markets (for example, Asia); application of innovative technologies to maintain the profitability of oil and gas production through the development of Achimovka oil deposits; development of small deposits and deposits with hard-to-recover reserves.

The impact of the war in Ukraine on inland water transport in the Danube region

The war conflict in Ukraine that started on 24th February 2022 has had a big impact on a lot of aspects of our lives not only in Europe but in the world. It has also had an impact on the area of inland navigation, mainly in the Danube region. As a result of the war conflict, transport routes have been changed between Ukraine and other countries. Some of them are still blocked, and some of them are used more than they used to be. Europe was not prepared for such a situation. Therefore, it has been necessary to solve a lot of logistics issues. Ukraine has been one of the biggest exporters of agricultural products and raw materials on the EU market. Logistic support for the export of these products is crucial for the maintenance of the economy of each country, especially for a country that is at war. Ukrainian maritime ports have been blocked; railway transport has always had limited capacity; part of the railway infrastructure has been completely damaged. The Danube was and still is significant and sometimes the only possibility for the transport of goods between Ukraine and other European countries.

АРАБСЬКА МОДЕЛЬ УПРАВЛІННЯ У ДОБУ ЦИФРОВІЗАЦІЇ: ДОСВІД КРАЇН МЕNA

The article is devoted to the scientific understanding of the peculiarities of the development of the Middle East (MENA countries) in the global context, which is accompanied by the development of new theoretical approaches and the study of the possibilities of their application to regional realities. Identification of effective directions of economic modernization in the countries - exporters of hydrocarbon raw materials, search for new examples of the economic model of the specified countries, search for replacement of petrodollars with other sources of income. Within the framework of this study, the indicated parameters will be considered through the prism of the problems of inter-Arab cooperation and the interaction of the Arab world with external actors. In this work uses methods of structural, systemic and statistical analysis. At the forefront of the movement towards a digital society are the Gulf monarchies, where internet penetration has doubled over the past decade and now stands at 95% and above, ahead of the leaders of the Global North on this parameter, with the United Arab Emirates (UAE) becoming the first and so far the only country in the world with 100% Internet users. The digital economy is becoming as a new trend in the UAE economy. The some countries in the Middle Eastern region have already developed clear plans for digital transformations in the health care system. In the conditions of complex Middle Eastern geopolitics, the UAE is trying to build a new economic model based on knowledge and innovation. For this, three conditions are necessary: the presence of significant financial resources, which are investment capital; availability of a large number of qualified labor force, especially in the field of IT; good business climate and regulatory conditions for the creation of new technology companies. Thanks to the digitization of the economy, the standard of living of a person improves, but there is also a negative moment as a result of transformational changes, as the thesis and antithesis of any social phenomenon - and this is cyber security and cyber attacks. Therefore, the Arab world in general is picking up pace in the field of creating cyber protection, showing similarities with global development trends, but at the same time with a variety of strategies and practices for promoting a safe digital environment.

ОРГАНИЗАЦИОННЫЙ МЕХАНИЗМ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ И РАЗВИТИЯ ЭКСПОРТНОЙ ИНФРАСТРУКТУРЫ

At present, the growth of exports of agricultural products, raw materials and foodstuffs is a strategic direction of the export policy of any state. An increase in the export of agricultural and food products is facilitated by its stimulation through an effective organizational and economic mechanism. One of the factors limiting the development of exports of agricultural and food products is the high level of competition in the global agri-food market. The low level of competitiveness of agricultural and food products reduces the effectiveness of exports, therefore, an increase in its level is possible, firstly, through state support for exports, secondly, technical and technological modernization of agricultural production, and thirdly, the development of export infrastructure responsible for promoting domestically produced products to world markets. The efficiency of export operations is based on the terms of lending, the organization of insurance operations, the introduction of preferential taxation and other types of services. Low-cost operations play a significant role in improving the organization of exports. These include -legal provision, a change in the direction of simplifying the customs clearance of the necessary documents. Also important are information support and consultations, reduction of technical barriers, funding of scientific research and personnel training of specialists, involved in export operations. Thus, it is possible to increase the production of high-quality domestic agro-industrial products with a high level of competitiveness, intended for export, only if an formed export policy.

ВПЛИВ ВІЙНИ НА ЗОВНІШНЬОЕКОНОМІЧНУ ДIЯЛЬНІCТЬ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ АГРАРНОЇ ГАЛУЗІ УКРАЇНИ

The article examines the trends of Ukraine's foreign trade in agricultural products, and it is found that the trade balance of Ukraine is passive, i.e. imports prevail in foreign trade operations. during the analysis of the foreign economic activity of companies in the agrarian sector, the predominance of exports over imports was revealed. Exports are dominated by the category of products of vegetable origin, the share of which is increasing every year, while the share of finished products, on the contrary, is decreasing, which is a negative trend, because exports are becoming more and more raw materials. Changes in exports in terms of transport were also analyzed and it was found that despite the full-scale war, sea transport remains key in the export of agricultural products. In recent years, there has been a reorientation towards the markets of EU countries and Asia, so in 2022, 62% of goods exports went to the EU, most to Poland, Romania, Hungary and Germany. Existing problems have been identified that have a negative impact on the implementation of foreign economic operations, among which the biggest one is logistics. The measures that were introduced during the full-scale war by the government of Ukraine and the EU to preserve and restore export and import operations were determined, among which the most effective was the "Grain Corridor", which worked for almost a year. It was concluded that the foreign economic activity of the country is a key direction in the development of Ukraine, in particular, as a source of income, receipt of goods, and also as a method of production, in cases where it is impossible to manufacture them within the country. The full-scale war outlined the guidelines for the development of foreign economic activity, namely, even more connected the economy of Ukraine with the economy of the EU countries. The future development of Ukraine should be aimed at integration into the European space; investment attraction; transition from export of raw materials to export of finished products; implementation of EU standards, including the transition from 1,520 mm to 1,435 mm European track, which will increase the capacity of railway transport.

Agricultural Export and Economic Growth in Nigeria: Does Agriculutre Value Added Matter?

This study evaluates the effect of agriculture value added in the relationship between agricultural export and economic growth in Nigeria from 2000 to 2022 by employing time series data and deploying Augmented Dicky- Fuller unit root, Auto-regressive Distributed lag (ARDL) framework, and Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS) technique for analysis. The results reported showed that agricultural raw materials exports (LNAGXP) has a positive effect on real gross domestic product while agriculture value added exhibited a negative relationship with real gross domestic product. However, Nigeria needs to improve on its primary agriculture production base in order to generate enough income from exports. In the same vein, the country needs to explore research and incorporate value addition in it exports. Including value additions to exports in the country will contribute to the country’s economic development and real GDP, it will generate more income and also provide jobs, thereby reducing unemployment rate, and increasing competitiveness in the global market.

УПРАВЛІНСЬКЕ РІШЕННЯ ЩОДО ВИБОРУ КРАЇН-КОНТРАГЕНТІВ ДЛЯ ІМПОРТУ ТЮТЮНОВОЇ СИРОВИНИ

The article defines management decisions as one of the components of the managerial activity of an entity as a subject of foreign economic activity. It is emphasized that it is necessary to make reasonable management decisions based on the information analysis from open sources of world statistics and the experience of import operations of tobacco-producing companies. The article examines the global tobacco market conditions, analyzes the global volume of tobacco raw materials exports, identifies the leading exporters of the product (HS 2401, 2403) in 2018–2022. In addition, the article reveals the trends of annual increase/decrease in deliveries, ranks the leaders in world exporter (Brazil with a share in world exports at the level of 21.2%, in second and third place, respectively, Zimbabwe – 9.0% and the USA – 8.0% of exports of unprocessed tobacco (HS 2401)). The top 10 European exporting countries include Belgium (3rd place), Italy (8th place) and Germany (10th place). As an importer of tobacco raw materials, Ukraine occupies 23rd and buys 0.9% of world imports. Brazil, Mozambique and Italy are identified as the leaders in terms of supply volumes. The article highlights trade indicators considering the geography of imports, such as: the share in Ukraine's imports, the share in the partner's exports, the growth of imports in 2018–2022, 2021–2022, the place in the world ranking of exporters, the average distance between the supplier country and the importer. The carried-out analysis allows filtering of potential counterparties and choosing of Brazil, Mozambique and Italy among the priority ones. The article carries out a comparative analysis based on logistics criteria, the average customs value of a product unit, and the level of the import duty rate. The conducted comparative analysis based on the criteria of logistics, the average customs value of goods (per unit), the level of the import duty rate ensured justifying the adoption of a management decision regarding the choice of Italy as a priority counterparty for the import of raw tobacco (HS 2401).

Possibilities of realization of Ukraine’s export potential on the world market

In the article, the author calculated and analyzed the dynamics of indicators of Ukraine's export potential for the period 2016–2021. The product structure of Ukraine's exports in 2021 was determined and the share of goods exports in Ukraine's GDP was calculated for 2016–2021, which provided an opportunity to summarize existing trends and to present certain practical proposals. It was established that, despite the crisis conditions of 2020–2022, the trends demonstrate the activation of Ukrainian exporters on the world markets, but the structure of trade in itself somewhat inhibits the processes, which is reflected by a negative indicator of trade turnover. It was determined that the possibilities of Ukraine's export potential demonstrate that in 2021, ferrous metals and grain products will account for larger sales volumes on foreign markets. It is noted that Ukraine's exports are growing faster than imports, and the country's high dependence on imports is a negative factor. It was established that Ukraine remains a raw material appendage. Therefore, from a strategic perspective, Ukraine aims to change this trend through the active development of industrial processing, which will change the shares exactly the opposite: to export 75% of finished products and services and only 25% of raw materials. It has been found that the impact on the opportunities of Ukraine's export potential is exerted by a complex of internal and external factors, which are of an acute problematic nature. Based on the results of the calculations, it was established that an urgent issue in order to expand the possibilities of realizing the export potential of Ukraine on world markets is the implementation of a balanced foreign economic policy of the state regarding the support of national producers, the stimulation of export-oriented products and increasing their competitiveness, bringing the legislative framework in the field of foreign economic activity to meet world standards. It was determined and proposed that to optimize the commodity structure of foreign trade, a strategic measure is the transition from a focus on raw material exports to the export of processed, processed or finished products with high added value, as well as supplementing the existing dominant export industries with other promising directions.

EURASIA'S RESISTANCE TO THE OCEANIC POWERS THE US-RUSSIA CONFLICT AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR THE EU, CHINA OR INDIA

Geopolitical Eurasia is the large continental mass with the Heartland core group: Russia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Mongolia and so on, exporters of raw materials by direct land and the Continental Rimland: China, Germany, Turkey, Italy, South Korea, India, Pakistan, Thailand and so on, made up of Continental Powers, while the Oceanic Powers, led by the US dominating maritime trade and oceanic embargo capacity, brings together exporting powers: Australia, Canada, Saudi Arabia, UAE and so on and industrialized maritime powers: Great Britain, Japan, etc., alongside exporting states constrained by them, from Africa, Latin America and island Asia. If the US succeeds in the trade blockade of the Heartland, stopping the export of cheap and abundant raw materials, it indirectly brings the European Union, mainland East Asia (China) and South Asia (India) to its knees, delivering four strikes direct and preventing the emergence of a power that would take its place as world leader. If the Rimland manages to bypass the American embargo by continuing to import from Heartaland, Britain will lose dominance in Europe to Germany, Japan will lose the dominance of Asia before China, Saudi Arabia before Iran and India will dominate the Indian Ocean, hence the 3+1 main regions taking over Africa, America and Australia, which will culminate in the decline of the US power, the dominance of the Eurasian world and of the continental powers before the maritime powers.

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧЕСКОГО РЫНКА ВЕТЕРИНАРНЫХ ПРЕПАРАТОВ НА ОСНОВЕ МОЛОЧНОГО БЕЛКА

Drugs and feed additives based on milk protein in the pharmaceutical veterinary market are a topical trend today. This is due to the relative cheapness of the raw material base, as well as the abundance of dairy farms in Russia. This feature allows to obtain the necessary preparations for all types of animals, not depending on the export of raw materials. Feed additives and pharmaceuticals based on milk protein have a wide pharmacological spectrum of action, which is also an advantage in the development of new drugs and their combinations, dosage forms, as well as updating the existing base of pharmaceuticals in Russia. The aim of the study was to analyze the Russian pharmaceutical market of drugs and feed additives based on milk protein used in veterinary practice. The study examined the information array of official sources of information of feed additives and veterinary medicines registered in the Russian Federation: State Register of Veterinary Drugs (2021); State Register of Veterinary Feed Additives (2021); Encyclopedia of Veterinary Drugs. Register of Veterinary Medicines (2021); Drugs in Russia (2020); Internet resources. Research methods: content analysis, structural, graphical, segmentation analysis, ranking and grouping. A marketing analysis of the Russian pharmaceutical market of veterinary drugs based on milk protein was conducted. The structure of the assortment of veterinary drugs represented in the Russian pharmaceutical market was formed. The macro-outline of the Russian pharmaceutical market of modern feed additives containing milk protein was developed.

Economic integration and survival of Ghana’s manufactured and agriculture raw material exports

The paper investigates the effects of economic integration agreements on the survival of Ghana's manufactured and agriculture raw material exports. Using annual trade data for Ghanaian manufactured and agriculture raw material product exports from 1988 to 2018 and a discrete-time proportional hazard model, we found that economic integration agreements enhance the survival of manufactured products and agriculture raw material exports. The Non-Reciprocal Preferential Trade Agreement is the most survival-enhancing. In addition, economic integration agreements strengthen the survival of existing active export relations but decrease the survival of export relations initiated after the agreement was signed. We also found that the average duration of manufactured products and agriculture raw material exports is 9.041 and 8.817 years, respectively. The study recommends that the Ministry of Trade and Industry should continue negotiating for Non-Reciprocal Trade Agreements.

PROSPECTS FOR INCREASING THE LEVEL OF ENERGY AUTONOMY OF PROCESSING ENTERPRISES OF AIC OF UKRAINE WITH THE HELP OF BIOGAS PRODUCTION

Domestic processes of production and processing of agricultural products are characterized by a high specific energy capacity, which determines our economy as one of the most energy inefficient, and the resulting products, non-competitive in the agricultural food market of the EU countries, leaving us only the role of an exporter of raw materials for European food industry enterprises. In addition, almost all processes of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine are characterized by environmental pollution, which generally contradicts the principles of ecologization and decarbonization of the economy, defined by the European Commission in the framework of the European Green Deal. Considering that the full integration of Ukraine into the EU is defined by the Constitution of Ukraine as the main vector of the foreign policy course, as well as the general global trends towards rising prices for fossil fuels and insufficient provision of the country with its own primary energy resources, research aimed at rationalizing the structure of energy consumption is becoming increasingly important. . fuel in accordance with EU standards and the greening of production, including through the introduction of alternative energy technologies at processing enterprises of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine. The article assesses the resource potential of domestic agriculture and presents possible options for agrobiomass available in sufficient quantities suitable for anaerobic digestion followed by methane generation. Based on the systematization and generalization of information obtained from open sources, a potential direction for solving the problems of increasing the level of autonomy of processing enterprises was proposed, based on the creation of a macro-level technological system with four main elements: an agricultural enterprise, a processing enterprise, a territorial community and a biogas complex, and a fundamental structural model of such a territorial cluster.

The Influence of International Trade on Indonesia's Economic Growth

International trade is trade carried out by a country with other countries to meet the needs of their respective countries. One thing that determines a country's economic growth is international trade which includes export activities imports that encourage a country to specialize in producing goods and services cheap. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of international trade on Indonesia's economic growth by using a qualitative and descriptive approach ingredient study which obtained from results study which already there is called secondary data. Results This study shows that exports have a very positive and significant effect on growth economy in Indonesia. Meanwhile, imports have no effect on economic growth in Indonesia. However export and import in a manner together could influence growth Indonesian economy. It is expected that the government should be able to take policies to stabilize economy Indonesia like reduce export and import of raw materials and improve export goods so so that could Upgrade price goods for well-being Public.

Practical aspects of estimation of influence of groups of lobbyism are on priorities of strategy of development of rural areas and agricultural enterprises

In the article certainly priorities of the strategic planning of rural areas development and agricultural enterprises recognition weak stimulus of transformation of expectations on the real actions of groups of lobbyism in the conditions of risks which generate potentially negative risk decisions in accordance with standard rational expectations. There is disparity between subjective expectations and rational actions of groups of lobbyism in the conditions of institutional features of the partner organizations predefined prognoses in relation to strategy of rural areas development in previous periods and forming of subjective expectations about the prospects of deepening a particular branch aspects of European integration and subsequent institutional approchement of regional development policy for providing food security. Systematic uncoincidences between legalistically declared and really incarnate through the institutes of development strategy predetermine disparities of structure in a particular branch investments in an agro-food subcomplex for food security providing at national level. Inconsistency of priorities of agro-food subcomplex strategic development between entrepreneurs interested in permanent expansion of raw material export of plant-based products with the low degree of processing to the high marginal oversea markets and farms, oriented mainly to the internal consumers, predetermines disproportion of capital generuting for development of separate branches. Potential influence of groups of lobbyism at national level in transformation of development priorities of branches of agriculture recognition the limited influence of public opinion of habitants in rural areas at regional level predetermines strengthening of disproportion of development and standard of rural population living in different territorial areas, forming the important aspect of socio-economic reality. Disproportion and recurrence of dynamics of increase of the labour productivity increases for agricultural producers. Achievement of UN Sustainable Development Goals priorities becomes complicated in the conditions of stochastic network reactions of groups of lobbyism on calls in a national agro-food subcomplex. The network going near activity of groups of lobbyism predetermines strengthening of competition for bringing in of solvent agricultural producers to membership in institutional organization and their possibilities from development of analytical instruments. In a national agro-food subcomplex more widespread lobbyism is at parliamentary and ministerial level by comparison to private lobbyism of interests in concrete subject of entrepreneurial activity. Basic attention is spared development and realization at support of groups of lobbyism decisions from the questions of simplification access to land-tenure, enhancement output to the oversea markets with an export raw material agricultural produce and simplifications of terms of access foreign agricultural chemistry to the national market. At regional level influence of groups of lobbyism is related to the point forming of advantages for the profitability increase of separate subjects of entrepreneurial activity. A long-term income stimulates agricultural enterprises strategy priorities of development through the groups of lobbyism. Greater possibilities for lobbying of strategy priorities in a national agro-food subcomplex at large agricultural enterprises. Farms in the conditions of competition are limited in income generating and have less possibilities for lobbying of acceptable decisions in a national agro-food subcomplex. Potential possibilities of income generating in concrete industry of agriculture stimulate the subjects of entrepreneurial activity to increase activity of own participation on bringing in of different groups of lobbyism for advancement of the forecast administrative decisions from development of constituents of national agro-food subcomplex. The groups of lobbyism are oriented on simplification of procedures of regulator influence on development of branches of agriculture in Ukraine. In the period of post-war reсovery of national agro-food subcomplex influence of groups of lobbyism on making decision from the questions of industries development is transformed recognition necessity of food security providing at national and regional level.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDYING A POSSIBILITY OF CLOSE-COUPLED TOWING OF LARGE-SIZED VESSELS BY ICEBREAKER

The experimental studies in the ice model tank of the Krylov State Research Centre are described in the paper. This study aimed at researching a possibility of close-coupled towing of large-sized vessels by icebreaker. The displacement of considered commercial vessels is several times greater than the icebreaker displacement. Due to the fact that an amount of cargo transported along the Northern Sea Route is growing every year and new terminals are being constructed for the export of raw materials extracted in the Arctic, it has been shown in the paper that new transport vessels with high cargo capacity should be designed and built for the efficient operation of terminal. It has also been shown that the organization of independent year-round operation of such vessels in the Arctic region is extremely difficult, therefore, even at the stage of their design it’s important to consider the possibility of their escorting by existing icebreakers. The feasibility of close-coupled towing in the escorting of large-sized vessels with low ice class by icebreakers in the Arctic waters has been studied in the paper. The models of the greatest existing nuclear-powered icebreaker and conditional bulk carrier are used as an object of the ice model tests. The study of the close-coupled towing features in the continuous flat ice conditions is carried out at straightforward movement and gyration, as well as for the case of an emergency stop of the icebreaker. During ice model tests the ice forces acting on the hull of the model are measured, as well as the load on a towing notch with rubber fenders in the stern of icebreaker and the tension in the wire rope. The comparison of the wire rope tension with its breaking force is taken as a criterion to assess the possibility of the close-coupled towing operation. The results can be used as the basis for choosing the hull concept of the future large-sized vessels, its ice class and main dimensions and in strategic simulations of Arctic marine transport systems.

Modeling the influence of monetary factors on the development of national production

The article is devoted to defining the influence of monetary policy on the development of national production and substantiating the prospects for its monetary regulation. It has been established that in recent years the monetary policy of Ukraine has been unfavourable for the industrial development in Ukraine. The NBU, which adheres to the monetary regime of inflation targeting, pursues a relatively strict policy, in particular, maintaining the real key rate at a level above neutral and low growth rates of the real money supply. As a result, for many years the national industry has been operating in conditions of a chronic shortage of working capital and investments, which exacerbates the problems of its development. To establish the nature and strength of the influence of monetary factors on long-term economic growth in Ukraine, a new economic and mathematical model based on production functions has been developed. Its parameterization showed that national output directly depends on the increase in invested labour, and vice versa – on the increase in Hryvnia exchange rate to U.S. Dollar (discourages exports) and U.S. Dollar Index (worsens the foreign economic situation). The impact on the increase in the real money supply can also have a positive impact on the economy, but its strength depends on the growth rate of broad money (with controlled inflation). At moderate rates, typical for the basic scenario of long-term development of the Ukrainian economy, investments are not increasing as vigorously as it is necessary for accelerated growth of real GDP and incomes of citizens. An increase in the growth rate of the real money supply (up to about 15% per year), set forth in the accelerated development scenario, can provide better results. It is proved that despite the importance of monetary variables, the key factors influencing the links in the chain "real money supply – investment – industrial growth" should be sought outside the monetary sphere proper. Stable expansion of the monetary base and growth of the real money supply do matter, but they are not able to solve the fundamental problems of modernization of economic institutions, structural restructuring of the economy and overcoming technological gaps with industrialized countries. It follows from this that in Ukrainian economy in the long run it is important for the regulator to maintain stable growth of the real money supply and controlled inflation, but this will be of fundamental importance for solving the accumulated problems only if the policies of the regulator and the government are coordinated, which should create favourable conditions and form appropriate institutions to reduce the dependence of the economy on raw material exports, accelerate national technical and technological development and increase its overall level.