Exploratory Nature Research Articles

Exploring the link between a novel approach for computer aided lung sound analysis and imaging biomarkers: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundComputer Aided Lung Sound Analysis (CALSA) aims to overcome limitations associated with standard lung auscultation by removing the subjective component and allowing quantification of sound characteristics. In this proof-of-concept study, a novel automated approach was evaluated in real patient data by comparing lung sound characteristics to structural and functional imaging biomarkers.MethodsPatients with cystic fibrosis (CF) aged > 5y were recruited in a prospective cross-sectional study. CT scans were analyzed by the CF-CT scoring method and Functional Respiratory Imaging (FRI). A digital stethoscope was used to record lung sounds at six chest locations. Following sound characteristics were determined: expiration-to-inspiration (E/I) signal power ratios within different frequency ranges, number of crackles per respiratory phase and wheeze parameters. Linear mixed-effects models were computed to relate CALSA parameters to imaging biomarkers on a lobar level.Results222 recordings from 25 CF patients were included. Significant associations were found between E/I ratios and structural abnormalities, of which the ratio between 200 and 400 Hz appeared to be most clinically relevant due to its relation with bronchiectasis, mucus plugging, bronchial wall thickening and air trapping on CT. The number of crackles was also associated with multiple structural abnormalities as well as regional airway resistance determined by FRI. Wheeze parameters were not considered in the statistical analysis, since wheezing was detected in only one recording.ConclusionsThe present study is the first to investigate associations between auscultatory findings and imaging biomarkers, which are considered the gold standard to evaluate the respiratory system. Despite the exploratory nature of this study, the results showed various meaningful associations that highlight the potential value of automated CALSA as a novel non-invasive outcome measure in future research and clinical practice.

Analysis of The Implementation of Artificial Intelligence in The Detection and Prevention of Academic Plagiarism in A University Environment

Objective: Objective: The objective of this article is to analyze the implementation of artificial intelligence in the detection and prevention of academic plagiarism in the university environment. Methods: Based on the proposed objective, a qualitative investigation is proposed for the analysis of phenomena of implementation of artificial intelligence for the detection of plagiarism, thus, it is applied through an exploratory nature because it allows carrying out a documentary search in order to defining the relevance of plagiarism tools in the effective use of information for higher education. Result: A total of 10 studies in countries such as Ecuador, Colombia, Chile and Mexico are integrated for this analysis, so that the appropriate use of artificial intelligence for the detection of plagiarism is discussed, thereby describing the effects. , opportunities and threats to student learning. In conclusion, the inclusion of pedagogical proposals that boost knowledge about the importance of recognizing the consequences of plagiarism and the beneficial use of tools is considered essential; Finally, it is useful for the teacher to also carry out qualitative reviews on the management of information to complement the function developed by the AI.

An exploratory study of critical incidents within public organizations during leadership change

Background Leadership changes within public organizations are often associated with achieving the organization’s vision. This exploratory study examines critical incidents and the anxiety experienced by the head of the department at the local government in the context of leadership change in the public organization. It explores anxiety, which has rarely been explored in connection with leadership change, especially with regard to public organizations and countries with a high-power distance culture. Thus, it comprehensively describes the sources, course, and consequences of anxiety due to leadership change. Methods Critical incident technique (CIT) was used to conduct analysis because of its suitability as a theoretical framework for the exploratory nature of this research. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews from 26 informants who served as heads of departments in cities. Results The findings revealed the causes, course, and consequence of the anxiety experienced in response to leadership change. Political choice, culture change, policy change, fear of loss, and unaccountable financing were identified as sources of anxiety. Anxiety manifested through negative, cognitive, and behavioral reactions. The consequences were divided into in-circle, out-circle, and ambivalence-circle participation. Conclusions High-power distance culture causes leaders to portray hegemony with boundaries that are difficult to access as well as appear more directive to strengthen control within the organization. The integrated model presented here (causes, course, and consequences of anxiety) is expected to enrich the integrated, modern, and emotional science through a functional account of the emotional approach. Cognitive and affective reactions have a two-way relationship, wherein emotion influences cognition and cognition elicits emotion.

Consumer perceptions and preferences for urban farming, hydroponics, and robotic cultivation: A case study on parsley

Consumer attitudes toward novel fresh herb cultivation methods, including urban farming, hydroponics, and robotic cultivation, were explored among 148 participants in the UK. Urban farming emerged as the preferred method, followed by hydroponics, while robotic cultivation was least favoured. The study tested two hypotheses regarding the influence of environmental concern on acceptance of parsley from the different methods, and the impact of food technology neophobia on acceptance of parsley from hydroponics and robotic cultivation. Consumer levels of environmental concern positively influenced their acceptance of parsley from urban farming, while food technology neophobia negatively impacted the consumer acceptance of hydroponic and robotic cultivation methods. The study underscores the perceived natural elements inherent in these methods. Urban farming seems to align well with consumers’ values of nature and sustainability. Tailored messaging highlighting the natural aspects of all these methods, and addressing concerns about the use of technology, may help to bridge the gap between innovation and consumer acceptance, contributing to the delicate balance between tradition and innovation in agricultural strategies. At the same time, however, the study's exploratory nature may limit the generalizability of the results. Future research could broaden the participant sample and explore additional psychological factors shaping attitudes toward novel agricultural techniques.

Academic Evolution in the Age of ChatGPT: An In-depth Qualitative Exploration of its Influence on Research, Learning, and Ethics in Higher Education

This study delves into the potential advantages and challenges presented by the implementation of the ChatGPT within the realm of higher education. Specifically, it endeavours to shed light on the transformative effects of ChatGPT on the research and learning processes. Moreover, this study explores the intricate issues surrounding academic integrity, ethics, and regulatory concerns in this context. Adopting a qualitative research design, the study engaged in semi-structured interviews with 75 esteemed academicians hailing from higher education institutions in North Cyprus. The outcomes of this research endeavour reveal a spectrum of ways in which ChatGPT can augment educational productivity, learning experience, creativity, and idea generation. Nevertheless, it underscores the importance of meticulous consideration of ethical aspects pertaining to academic honesty and the potential over-reliance on ChatGPT. The findings not only offer insights into the opportunities and challenges linked with ChatGPT's integration into higher education, but also advocate for the responsible and ethical utilisation of AI technologies within academic settings. This study substantially contributes to the expanding body of research on the incorporation of artificial intelligence into education. It uniquely focuses on the ChatGPT, an innovative AI-based language model, within the context of higher education. The study's qualitative research methodology, characterised by its exploratory nature, provides a nuanced and comprehensive understanding of the impact of ChatGPT on learning and research writing and offers a wealth of valuable insights intended to assist educators, researchers, institutions and policymakers in their endeavours to seamlessly integrate AI technologies into their educational practices.

Innovation and Sustainable Public Budget Under the Aegis of The Triple Bottom Line (Tbl) And the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Objective: to identify how the public budgets of the municipalities of the Metropolitan Region of Salvador-RMS are committed to the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), highlighting the innovative proposal to analyze them. Theoretical Framework: Innovation has become the "order of the day" in the public sector. In addition to its role as a promoter through the private sector, creating an innovation ecosystem and delivering it to companies, the public sector has been seeking to make important innovations in the modus faciendi in its internal management from its budget. The articulation of government planning and the new paradigm of TBL and SDGs in public management needs to become a reality, a practice that is considered as an organizational innovation based on the planning and analysis of public budgets. Method: Use a deductive and qualitative approach of exploratory nature, with statistical treatment, idealization and calculation of the "Indicator of the Dimension of Expenditures in the Budget" (IDGO) for the economic, environmental and social dimensions of the 13 municipalities of the Metropolitan Region of Salvador – RMS-BA. Results and Conclusion: The results indicated that there is a preponderance of the social IDGO to the detriment of the economic and environmental IDGOs in the budgets studied. and that, particularly the environmental dimension, needs more attention in budget allocation. Research Implications: From this analysis proposal for a sustainable public budget, municipal public managers can innovate in their management from reallocations and more careful planning of budgets, allocating financial resources in a more balanced way.

Determinants of Academic Satisfaction: An Empirical Analysis of a Brazilian National Institute

Objective: The present investigation aims to identify the explanatory factors for academic satisfaction, as well as the influence that the identified factors have on the degree of academic satisfaction in its global context and on the chances of the institution's recommendation to friends and family. Method: The investigation was conducted with a sample of 290 students from the Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology of Piauí (FIEPI-Campus Oeiras). The instrument used for data collection was a questionnaire. The statistical techniques used were of a descriptive, exploratory, and multivariate nature for the treatment, analysis, and validation of the results. Results and Discussion: The results indicate that Academic Satisfaction is determined by the factors (1) Teaching Environment and (2) Structural Environment and that there is a significant decrease in Academic Satisfaction when students move from the group from High School to Higher Education due to the determinants satisfaction. Research Implications: The development of strategies for the maintenance and attraction of new students by FIEPI-Campus Oeiras and other educational institutions must be based on academic satisfaction considering their specificities, namely, concerning the different perceptions and expectations generated by students about educational services. Originality/Value: The relevance of this investigation is based on the fact that the measurement of student satisfaction by a given educational institution becomes essential for it to understand the perception of its students about its products and services, enabling the identification of new ways of generating satisfaction and loyalty.

Data Privacy Assurance in Management Information System through Cyber Security Measures

In the digital age, safeguarding data within Management Information Systems (MIS) is critical. This study investigates the influence of cyber security measures on data privacy assurance in MIS. Drawing from the Information System Theory, the research examines encryption techniques, firewalls, and intrusion detection systems. The literature underscores the importance of robust cyber security measures. Encryption techniques, firewalls, and intrusion detection systems play pivotal roles in data privacy assurance. Hypotheses are formulated based on theoretical underpinnings and prior research. Methodologically, a stratified random sampling technique gathers data from diverse organizations, resulting in 67 responses. SMART PLS 4 analyzes data considering the exploratory nature of the study. Results reveal the significant impact of encryption techniques and intrusion detection systems on data privacy assurance. Encryption techniques exhibit a positive relationship, while firewalls contribute modestly. A counterintuitive negative relationship between intrusion detection systems and data privacy assurance prompts further investigation. These findings emphasize the multifaceted nature of data privacy assurance in MIS. Organizations are encouraged to leverage encryption techniques and enhance firewall strategies. The unexpected negative impact of intrusion detection systems highlights the complex dynamics of security. This study contributes to discussions on data privacy and security in organizational contexts. Future research should explore underlying mechanisms behind counterintuitive relationships and the intersection of technology and security in MIS

Aggressive behaviors and oppositional defiant disorder: An analysis of the relationship between aggressive behaviors in childhood

Child development is a period of learning processes, which is why dysfunctional behaviors are common. However, these behaviors may exist situationally or, depending on their persistence, may constitute oppositional defiant disorder. The aim of this article was to carry out a systematic review of studies focusing on certain aggressive behaviors in childhood and the possibility of a relationship with the diagnosis of ODD (Oppositional Defiant Disorder), seeking to identify their causes and repercussions from early diagnosis. The search for articles was carried out in the Scielo; Lilacs; BVS databases during the months of March to May, using the terms: "Oppositional Defiant Disorder", "Childhood", "Aggressiveness" and "Behavior". Thus, this is a systematic review of the literature of an exploratory and descriptive nature in the year 2023. The final database included in the analysis consisted of 7 articles published from 2019 to 2023. However, the selected studies show a clear relationship between the influence of context on the development of oppositional defiant disorder in childhood, so children who develop in environments with aggressive communication tend to be more likely to be diagnosed with ODD (Oppositional Defiant Disorder).

Exploring Equity in Existing Assessment Practices for Visually Impaired Students at Higher Education Level

ABSTRACT The educational assessment procedure provides insight into the achievement and competency of visually impaired students to their educators. This study aimed to promote equity in assessment procedures for visually impaired students at higher education levels and the ways of executing inequity. A qualitative approach with an explanatory nature was used for this study. Participants of study were visually impaired students (N=20) from higher education levels. A self-developed semi-structured interview protocol was administered for the data collection process. The instrument’s validity was confirmed through the expert opinion (N=02). Instrument’s reliability was assured through an extensive literature review. Five themes emerged from the interviews of the participants i.e., perception of visually impaired students, institutes’ support, barriers for visually impaired students, effects on career development, and suitable ways for educational assessment. This study in its findings revealed that the existing assessment procedure is quite challenging for them. This study gives its recommendations to Higher education institutes should provide knowledge and orientation about assessment policy and procedure to the faculty and non-teaching staff. The assessment reflects the ultimate learning for the students at higher education level including visually impaired students. A need is always to conduct assessments for both students with and without visual impairment as per their access level. For this reason, modification in the assessment procedure for visually impaired students is mandatory for promoting equity in the procedures of assessment for visually impaired students. Dawadi et al., (2024) suggested pedagogical implications for the future learning environment through the promotion of equity in assessment. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study was qualitative and exploratory. A self-developed semi-structured interview was used as an instrument for this study. Findings: The findings revealed that visually impaired students perceived existing assessment procedures as quite difficult for them. The results revealed that visually impaired students are only allowed to get permission from their institutes to avail writer. The findings revealed that the writers’ mistakes and non-seriousness of visually impaired students affect the career development of the visually impaired students.

Telematic education in practical subjects: an evaluation by occupational therapy students

The COVID-19 pandemic challenged university education to maintain teaching activities in virtual and distance education formats, among other non-face-toface modalities. In this sense, this article exposes the impact of virtuality on the learning results of two practical-experiential subjects developed with first-year students, promotion 2020 of the career of Occupational Therapy of Universidad Austral de Chile. The research was of a statistical-descriptive and exploratory nature, in which students completed surveys through an online form entitled: “Impact of Methodological Changes in Practical Subjects”. The results are uncertain in relation to the pedagogical process experienced, with positive perceptions regarding the use of virtual tools and resources implemented and also significant difficulties associated with motivation problems, double presence, overload and depersonalization. It is concluded that, although virtual strategies in higher education are a powerful and a currently applicable resource it is essential that Occupational Therapy students have practical-experiential subjects in person for personalized support for the incorporation of basic and essential communication skills of the discipline.

Strategic analysis on improving the proximity and accessibility in China: an exploratory development based on the study of the 15-minute city

Against the backdrop of rapid urbanization in China's megacities, the growing need for accessible and convenient transportation has become more pronounced. The rise of the 15-minute city concept in chrono-urbanism has become increasingly evident in recent years. In this context, the paper presents a comprehensive strategic analysis and explores future possibilities for enhancing proximity and accessibility in urban transportation. The focus is on the exploratory development of the 15-minute city concept. By adopting a qualitative analytical approach, the paper delves into an analysis based on Melbourne’s '20-minute city' to assess the applicability and diverse development of the 15-minute city model in Chinese urban centers. By acquiring current data and examples, the findings reveal the strengths and challenges of the 15-minute city concept, underscoring its adaptability and uniqueness across different geographical, national, and targeted contexts. The paper indicates that among megacities in China, the 15-minute city highlights the potential for integrating advanced technology to enhance urban mobility and proximity. It also calls for a shift towards high-quality development in urban planning to strengthen the resilience of city transport. The study’s exploratory nature also opens up avenues for future development within the 15-minute city framework, providing a robust base for improving urban transportation in China. The significance of this research lies in its contribution to shaping high-quality and livable urban environments, thereby supporting the ongoing transformation of China’s large urban centers into more accessible and human-centered spaces.

Effects of discontinuation of serotonergic antidepressants prior to psilocybin therapy versus escitalopram for major depression.

There is growing evidence for the therapeutic effects of the psychedelic drug psilocybin for major depression. However, due to the lack of safety data on combining psilocybin with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) and concerns that there may be a negative interaction on efficacy, participants enrolling in psychedelic trials are usually required to discontinue SNRI/SNRIs prior to enrolling. Using data from a recent clinical trial examining the comparative efficacy the psychedelic drug psilocybin (P) combined with approximately 20 h of psychological support to a 6-week (daily) course of the SSRI escitalopram plus matched psychological support for major depressive disorder, we explored the effects of discontinuing SSRI/SNRIs prior to study enrolment on study outcomes. Exploratory post hoc analyses using linear mixed effects model were performed to investigate the discontinuation effect on various validated depression symptom severity scales and well-being. The impact of SSRI/SNRIs discontinuation on the acute psychedelic experience was also explored. In the psilocybin group, there was a reduced treatment effect on all outcome measures for SSRI/SNRIs discontinuers compared with unmedicated patients at trial entry. However, no effects of discontinuation on measures of the acute psychedelic experience were found. Discontinuation of SSRI/SNRIs before psilocybin might diminish response to treatment; however, as we did not test SSRI/SNRI continuation in our trial, we cannot infer such causation. Moreover, the exploratory nature of the analyses makes them hypothesis generating, and not confirmatory. A controlled trial of SSRI/SNRI discontinuation versus continuation prior to psilocybin is urgently required.

A Mixed-Methods, Multimedia Pilot Study to Investigate Sleep Irregularity Determinants Among Undergraduate Students.

To pilot a novel approach investigating the interplay of social and institutional determinants influencing university undergraduate student sleep patterns. A two-part, three-phase mixed-methods approach. A mid-size US university conducted in spring and fall 2020. 191 undergraduate students (69 first-years, 43 second-years, 48 third-years, 31 fourth-years). For Part A, participants texted their activities and emotions in real time, producing a data-rich, weeklong diary of comprehensive activity logs, emoticons, multimedia submissions, and juxtapositions of ideal vs real schedules. Semi-structured contextual interviews were also conducted. For Part B, a one-time survey examined Part A insights across all class years. These diverse datasets were triangulated using thematic, comparative, and content analyses through MAXQDA software and visual mapping methods. Three preliminary themes were identified as encouraging an irregular sleep schedule: a prevailing academic ethos emphasizing busyness, time management challenges, and the rhythm of institutional schedules and deadlines. An overarching theme suggests that perceptions of peer sleep habits and academic prioritization above all else could be influential across factors. This pilot study indicates that sleep regularity among undergraduates is potentially shaped by individual choices combined with broader institutional paradigms. While it is limited by its exploratory nature, timing, and small sample size, the results highlight the promise of this methodology for more extensive studies and suggest that future interventions should emphasize systemic changes that prioritize sleep.

Commodification of academic research in emerging countries

PurposeIn this paper we explore potential barriers for commodification of academic research in emerging countries.Design/methodology/approachWe carried out an exploratory study employing a mixed-method sequential exploratory design. Initially, qualitative interviews were performed to identify cognitive, structural, and ideological barriers associated with commodification. Subsequently, we administered a survey at three universities in Kazakhstan to gather quantitative data. The quantitative insights served to complement our qualitative findings and facilitate the interpretation of the observed patterns within the broader population.FindingsWe found that a too rapid shift toward commercialization exacerbated concerns among faculty members and created obstacles to commodification. The obstacles identified through inductive clustering of themes from exploratory qualitative interviews were grouped into three intentionally broad categories: cognitive, structural, and ideological barriers. We argue that in emerging economies, the path to commodifying academic research should start with developing local infrastructure to address identified structural, cognitive, and ideological barriers. This, in turn, will lead to more successful commercialization and redefine the role of academics in society.Research limitations/implicationsOur study has several limitations related to its empirical scope. We concentrated solely on one country, Kazakhstan. For future research, it is crucial to broaden the investigation to include more studies from the Central Asia region and other emerging economies. We believe that while there may be some minor institutional differences, the findings are generalizable to all post-socialist countries. However, incorporating a diverse range of institutions, particularly those with foreign ownership or private capital, would enhance the comprehensiveness of the findings. Furthermore, collecting a more extensive and balanced sample of responses from industry partners, academics, and students would have provided more valuable insights. By including a broader representation of stakeholders, we could have gained a more nuanced understanding of the complexities surrounding commodification in higher education. Given the exploratory nature of this study, it is essential to regard the findings as a source of inspiration rather than empirical confirmation.Practical implicationsOur research has practical implications for managing universities in emerging markets, as well as important policy implications, both for international actors and local governmental bodies.Social implicationsOur findings carry implications for policymakers. The focus that international institutions place on the matter of commodification and commercialization of knowledge is a positive step. Challenges emerge when this matter is approached with a narrow perspective. Drawing on the empirical context of the Republic of Kazakhstan, a country often overlooked in the literature on emerging markets, we find evidence that knowledge has indeed transformed into a commodity. The rapid shift toward commercialization, driven by substantial institutional pressures, may have occurred too precipitously in this particular context. In light of these findings, we advocate for a more balanced and contextually nuanced discourse concerning both the commodification and commercialization of knowledge.Originality/valueThis study represents one of the few endeavors into exploring commodification within the context of emerging economies. In recent decades, universities have faced substantial pressures to commodify academic research. While there has been a significant volume of research discussing and documenting the success of commodification in developed country universities, those in emerging economies have faced similar pressures without achieving comparable success. This paper delves into the reasons why.

Family Businesses Overcoming the COVID-19 Crisis with Innovation: An Exploratory Analysis of the Jewelry Retail Sector in Spain

Innovation is a trending topic in many disciplines but has a particular focus when it is studied in family businesses (FBs) due to their unique behavior in decision-making. Moreover, there is a gap in research on how these family businesses overcome economic crises by applying innovation. The main purpose of this paper is to provide empirical insight regarding this gap in an understudied sector, such as the Jewelry retail sector. This research was conducted in five cases, taken as examples of what these companies did, in terms of innovation, to overcome the COVID-19 crisis situation. This was considered sufficient, given the homogeneous structure of the sector and the exploratory nature of the research. The results revealed that different strategies caused them to obtain different results and clearly showed that FBs that used innovation during the crisis had better financial results. This paper contributes to the understanding of how FBs overcome economic crises by applying innovation. The implications for this type of business are also included.

An Exploration of Associations Between Self-Care Practices and Clinical Self-Efficacy in Speech-Language Pathology Graduate Students

Purpose: Previous studies have suggested that many speech-language pathology graduate students experience significant levels of stress throughout their programs. If not effectively mitigated, these stressors could negatively impact students' academic and clinical development. Self-care practices are one potential option that could help address the stressors students encounter throughout their graduate programs. The purpose of this research was to explore potential associations between self-care practices and clinical self-efficacy in speech-language pathology graduate students. Method: This topic was explored using a nonexperimental research design that included descriptive and correlational analyses. A survey that included demographic questions, the Mindful Self-Care Scale–Standard, and a modified version of the Clinical Self-Efficacy Appraisal Inventory was completed by 68 students who were enrolled in a speech-language pathology graduate program. Results: Small positive and significant correlational associations were observed between Mindful Awareness and total Mindful Self-Care Scale–Standard scores and all measured aspects of clinical self-efficacy. The associations between Supportive Relationships and Supportive Structure subscale scores and some aspects of clinical self-efficacy also reached significance. No significant associations were observed between Mindful Relaxation, Physical Care, or Self-Compassion and Purpose subscale scores and any measured domain of clinical self-efficacy. Conclusion: While limitations exist due to the exploratory nature of this study, the results provide an initial examination of associations between self-care practices and clinical self-efficacy.

Exploring the Impact of Cervical Multifidus Muscle Morphology on Postural Balance in Post-Stroke Patients: A pilot study

The aim of this study was to examine cervical multifidus muscle morphology and its impact on postural balance in post-stroke patients. This is a pilot study. A convenience sample of 24 volunteers of 67 ± 8.5 years (12 with hemiparesis due to post-stroke, 12 healthy) was recruited for this study. The outcomes measured were the thickness of the multifidus muscle using ultrasonography, Timed Up and Go (TUG) test and Berg Balance scale (BBS). No significant differences in the ultrasound values between affected and unaffected sides in post-stroke patients were found. Similarly, there were no significant differences between the unaffected side of post-stroke patients and the dominant side of the control group, (p > 0.05). Additionally, no significant correlations in post-stroke patients between the ultrasonographic variables of the multifidus muscles and the main outcome were identified. In conclusion, our study did not find significant differences in cervical multifidus muscle morphology between healthy individuals and post-stroke patients in relation to postural balance. The exploratory nature of our study limits the ability to draw definitive conclusions. Keywords: Stroke; Ultrasonography; Postural balance; Multifidus; Cervical muscle

Research on the Development Strategy of Intangible Cultural Heritage Theme Study Tour for Primary and Secondary School Students in Tai'an City

The implementation of the policy of reducing the homework burden and extracurricular training burden on students in compulsory education reflects the emphasis on cultivating comprehensive abilities of students at the national level. Study tour is a comprehensive practical education activity course that closely integrates on campus education and off campus education. Its learning, exploratory, and experiential nature is an effective way to enhance students' comprehensive quality, cultivate innovative spirit, and practical ability. In recent years, the country and various provinces and cities have regarded study tours as an important part of promoting quality education, and have successively introduced various policy measures to encourage the development of study tours. Intangible cultural heritage study tour is a cultural tourism education activity that integrates the design and development of "intangible cultural heritage" and "study tour". It can not only guide the learning and practice of primary and secondary school students, but also promote the "active" inheritance of intangible cultural heritage. This article takes Tai'an City as the research object, starting from stakeholder theory, tourism experience theory, and education related theory, and adopts literature research, questionnaire survey, and field investigation methods to study the intangible cultural heritage study tour in Tai'an City. It proposes three principles for the development of intangible cultural heritage study tour products, and proposes to build a "big publicity pattern", develop a type of "diversified curriculum", and provide a "comprehensive support" The development strategy of building a "professional team" is to design an intangible cultural heritage study tour product that combines ancient architecture and shadow puppetry, in order to explore a development model suitable for the actual study tour product in Tai'an City, and provide reference and ideas for other counties and even larger study tour markets.

Nursing Management in Emergency and Urgency Services

This article’s theme is the role of the nurse in managing urgency and emergency actions. The nursing team that works in urgency and emergency care has as characteristics of the profession a high workload and speed of care, however, there are also functions who need autonomy in carrying out activities that do not only concern practices related to care, but that contribute to the process, such as filling out protocols, reporting on actions carried out and monitoring and evolution of care, as well as referrals that they proceeded. There is still a lot of bureaucracy in your daily life to be added to the institution’s work activities. To carry out studies relating to the quality of nurse management in urgent and emergency situations, we seek to achieve the objective of determining what attitudes the nursing professional should have to manage their actions with the purpose of achieving quality in care, knowing which are the functions and real characteristics that must permeate your work, establishing parameters so that quality of service is prioritized. The study is justified by the need for nursing professionals to reflect on their practice, valuing their knowledge with the application of skills that establish self-confidence and proactivity. This is a literature review study of an exploratory descriptive nature carried out on documents available for access in the Virtual Health Library (VHL), Pubmed, Lilacs, Medlaine. The Final Considerations point out that discussions about the factors related to the situation of emergency emergency care in our country require a new look at how to manage the actions carried out in this context