Explicit Translation Research Articles

On a Degenerating Limit Theorem of DeMarco–Faber

One of our aims is to complement the proof of DeMarco–Faber’s degenerating limit theorem for the family of the unique maximal entropy measures parametrized by a punctured open disk associated to a meromorphic family of rational functions on the complex projective line, degenerating at the puncture. This complementation is done by our main result, which rectifies a key computation in their argument. We also establish and use a direct and explicit translation from degenerating complex dynamics into quantized Berkovich dynamics, instead of using DeMarco–Faber’s more conceptual transfer principle between those dynamics.

Prescriptive analytics for low and high water management in German waterways

Abstract The real-time management of multi-purpose storage reservoirs aims at an efficient operation of existing hydraulic infrastructure. This management process can be structured as a prescriptive analytics setup that considers both current and predicted system states to recommend actions and outline potential implications. In application to a reservoir and river system, it combines hydrological modelling components for the system schematization, observations and data assimilation for the identification of the current system state, meteorological and hydrological predictions as well as optimization-based techniques to support decision-making regarding reservoir operations. In this paper, we present the application of such a framework to the short-term management of the Eder and Diemel storage reservoirs. These reservoirs are operated by the German Federal Waterways and Shipping Administration (WSV) with the primary goal to support navigation in the River Weser during low flow periods. In addition, partially conflicting objectives such as flood protection, energy generation and recreation are considered. The implementation includes an explicit consideration of forecast uncertainty and its impact on the decision-making by using probabilistic forecasts in combination with a multi-stage stochastic optimization approach. We demonstrate the applicability of the approach based on low and high water use cases. Special attention is paid on the benefits of the probabilistic forecast in combination with the multi-stage stochastic optimization versus a deterministic setup. It provides an explicit translation of the forecast uncertainty in the decision variables, in this case the reservoir releases helping the operators to better anticipate the range of future release decisions. Furthermore, the stochastic approach is expected to provide more stable decisions in an operational setting, based on more stable forecasts by considering various possible realizations of the future instead of picking a single one, which gets random after 4–5 days.

Separated at birth: Rediscovering the lost emotions in Luria's Working Brain

Aleksandr Luria repeatedly emphasised the importance of emotions and the right hemisphere in his neuropsychological writings. It is surprising, therefore, that Luria's most influential book, The Working Brain, appears to lack an explicit section on these topics. This is especially notable because of a comment in the book's English-language Introduction, by Karl Pribram, referencing Luria's thoughts about precisely this material. Remarkably, it seems that Luria did write such an explicit chapter, in the original Russian edition. However, in the English-language version, the relevant sections were separated, embedded elsewhere without chapter headings, and altered, presumably following an explicit translation decision. The present paper tracks the nature of these changes and, 50 years later, presents the material for the first time translated and reunited in English, as Luria intended. After the translation, we offer a brief commentary, on the ways in which Luria's ideas were in some respects prescient, and in other respects less well-informed about the brain basis of emotions and the right hemisphere. This reunification offers an interesting time capsule on the opinions of one of neuropsychology's greatest minds, on a topic which Luria admits had, at the time, only a modest empirical foundation.

Computation of minimal covariants bases for 2D coupled constitutive laws

We produce minimal integrity bases for both isotropic and hemitropic invariant algebras (and more generally covariant algebras) of most common bidimensional constitutive tensors and — possibly coupled — laws, including piezoelectricity law, photoelasticity, Eshelby and elasticity tensors, complex viscoelasticity tensor, Hill elasto-plasticity, and (totally symmetric) fabric tensors up to twelfth-order. The concept of covariant, which extends that of invariant is explained and motivated. It appears to be much more useful for applications. All the tools required to obtain these results are explained in detail and a cleaning algorithm is formulated to achieve minimality in the isotropic case. The invariants and covariants are first expressed in complex forms and then in tensorial forms, thanks to explicit translation formulas which are provided. The proposed approach also applies to any n-uplet of bidimensional constitutive tensors.

The Inner Complexities of Multimodal Medical Data: Bitmap-Based 3D Printing for Surgical Planning Using Dynamic Physiology.

Motivated by the need to develop more informative and data-rich patient-specific presurgical planning models, we present a high-resolution method that enables the tangible replication of multimodal medical data. By leveraging voxel-level control of multimaterial three-dimensional (3D) printing, our method allows for the digital integration of disparate medical data types, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging, tractography, and four-dimensional flow, overlaid upon traditional magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography data. While permitting the explicit translation of multimodal medical data into physical objects, this approach also bypasses the need to process data into mesh-based boundary representations, alleviating the potential loss and remodeling of information. After evaluating the optical characteristics of test specimens generated with our correlative data-driven method, we culminate with multimodal real-world 3D-printed examples, thus highlighting current and potential applications for improved surgical planning, communication, and clinical decision-making through this approach.

Translational Choices and Interpretation in Galatians 1:13–16: An Appraisal

Standard translation appears to disambiguate the text of Gal 1:13–16 in a way that stresses or even interprets Paul's words to mean that he had left Judaism when he wrote Galatians. Arguably, the text might not indicate that Paul had left behind his Jewish identity, but that he had grown in his understanding of it. Thus, while standard translations are faithful to a traditional understanding of Paul and his “conversion” from Judaism to Christianity, a less explicit translation might be also true to the source text. This observation may be important beyond this specific passage: It might also raise fundamental questions about possible concepts of “faithful renderings” within Bible translation.

An Investigation of Explicit translation in the True Story of Ah Q Based on SFL Theory

More and more combined studies of translation and linguistics have been conducted. Many papers analyzed Chinese to English translation based on Systematic functional theory (SFL), targeting ancient poems and fiction and a few types of research aimed at poses. Inspired by Halliday’s SFL theory, Hu and Zhu in 2008 further developed the metafunctions in SFL into ideational metafunctional explication, interpersonal metafunctional explication, and textual metafunctional explication. To enrich research into the Chinese prose, this paper explores the explicit translation phenomena in the true story of Ah Q, written by the best-known writer Lu Xun, in English versions, translated by Yang Xianyi and Dai Naidie (Yang and his wife) based on the explication concept proposed by Hu and Zhu. Through analysis, first, ideational metafunctional explication phenomena were reflected in cultural information explication, conceptual explication, and discourse explication; interpersonal metafunctional explication was reflected in character relationship and modal explication; textual metafunction explication was reflected in logical conjunction explication. Second, the manifestation process was attributed to translation purpose, linguistic differences, and translators. At last, this paper proposes suggestions for future translation strategies based on SFL theory.

Translation of Hollywood film titles: Implications of Culture-Specific Items in Greater China

In view of the lack of updated analysis on film title translation in Greater China, the present study attempted to investigate translation of culture-specific items in Hollywood film titles among three regions of Greater China: Mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan. From 1989 to 2018, a film title database was built, comprising of 2472 source texts and over 7410 target texts. Culture-specific items were identified and classified into five themes, namely toponym; anthroponym and fictional character; forms of entertainment; means of transportation; and social taboos. Analysis was in two tiers: First, translation methods under each theme was compared within target regions. Second, corresponding cultural implications of the three target regions were discussed using the concept of glocalisation. In a translational perspective, adaptation was highly favoured by Hong Kong under film title translation, whereas transliterations and literal translations were preferred by Mainland China. In a cultural perspective, both Mainland China and Hong Kong were found to preserve local cultures via translation. While Mainland China attempted to protect the purity of Chinese language through using transliterations and literal translations, Hong Kong used Cantonese slangs and jargons to replace culture-specific items in source text. Different from the former regions, Taiwan adopted exotic and explicit translation of social taboos. The present research sheds new light on Translation Studies research by analyzing film title translation in a sociocultural perspective, and thus can offer stakeholders in the film industry to appreciate translation in another perspective.

Erratum: "Geometry optimization made simple with explicit translation and rotation coordinates" [J. Chem. Phys. 144, 214108 (2016)

First Page

Novel semi-circle law and Hall sliding in a strongly interacting electron liquid

We study a strongly interacting, fermionic fluid in the presence of an applied magnetic field using a holographic framework. At low temperatures, translation symmetry is spontaneously broken and the resulting phase is a striped Hall fluid. Due to the magnetic field, an electric field applied parallel to the stripes causes the stripes to slide, a phenomenon we coin “Hall sliding.” We also investigate the magneto-transport of the system in the presence of an explicit translation symmetry-breaking lattice which pins the stripes. Electrical properties are well represented by a hydrodynamical model, which gives us further insight into particle-like cyclotron and pseudo-Goldstone excitations we observe. The DC conductivities obey a novel semi-circle law, which we derive analytically in the translationally invariant ground state at low temperature.

중국 관영매체 정치뉴스의 한국어 번역문에 대한 비평 및 제안 -House의 번역품질평가 모델을 기반으로

This paper examined the Korean translation of political news in Chinese state media. So far, relevant research has not achieved significant results, and most studies ignored the textual function of the original text, evaluated the translation text with subjective judgment and put forward translation strategies. Referring to House’s translation quality evaluation model, this paper criticized and analyzed the Korean translation of official media’s political news from the aspects of register (field, tenor, style) and genre, obtained the following conclusions. In terms of language field, the translation text failed to have the function of the original text and lost its authority. In terms of tenor, the translation text did not have the genre characteristics of news. In terms of style, the translation text failed to reach the level of written style. According to the evaluation results, the following improvement schemes and translation strategies were proposed. First, the official media should pay attention to the quality of translation and cultivate high-level translators; Second, the academic community should create a good research atmosphere; Third, translators should improve their professional quality and ability. The specific translation strategies are as follows: first, fully analyze the textual function of the original text; Secondly, explicit translation method and implicit translation method are determined; Third, fully consider cultural differences.

A Corpus-based Comparative Study of Literary Translation Styles: Taking the C-E Translations of the 11th “The World of English Cup” Translation Contest as an Example

The paper makes a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the translation style differences between the reference translation (Lin’s Version) and the first prize-winning translation (Liu’s Version) of The Original Mission of Culture in the “11th Hangzhou Normal University-English World Cup Translation Contest” from lexical, syntactic and discourse features. The translation styles of the two translators are found to show similarities and differences. The differences are mainly reflected in the lexical and sentence dimensions. Lin’s Version shows higher lexical richness and complexity and sophisticated sentence patterns, while Liu’s Version is more reader-friendly, featured by changing narrative perspectives, adopting the explicit translation method, and reflecting the explanatory trend. The similarities are mainly embodied in discourse features. Both translation versions use conjunctions to achieve discourse cohesion with similar effects. But given lexicon, syntax, and other factors, Liu’s Version is better in readability. The main causes for the different translation styles of the two versions are related to the translator’s identity and professional background, as well as the translator’s emotional orientation towards the contest.

Границы реализма: к проблеме терминологии

The major objective of this publication is to trace the formation of the term “realism” both in the plastic arts and European artistic culture in general. The need for such an analysis is determined by the current terminology applied to various phenomena in the history of European art, which results in a large degree of ambiguity with respect to the conceptual range. Although the origins of the concept “realism” date back to the scholastic religious philosophy of the Middle Ages, its application in Art Studies has entirely different backgrounds and can actually be traced back to the middle of the 19th century. As far as the Western European art is concerned, this concept is first used with respect to the artistic works by Courbet. In the history of the Russian Art in general and art criticism in particular, the term is commonly used with reference to the emergence and development of the “Natural School” literary movement.
 At the same time, a thorough analysis of, inter alia, the epistolary and artistic-critical legacy of the leading figures of the Russian culture in the middle and the second half of the 19th century, such as Belinsky, Turgenev, Tolstoy, Stasov, and others, explicitly reveals a rather early application of this term, but mainly in the field of literary rather than artistic criticism. This situation can be explained by the total predominance of literary centrism in the 19th century Russian Art, which, in its turn, was determined by the specific aspects of our country’s social and political development. The explicit translation of this concept into the plastic arts domain was at the same time associated with the use of terminological qualifiers such as “critical”, “didactic”, and “socialist” with respect to the word realism, which resulted in even greater conceptual ambiguity. There is no doubt that the analysis of historical formation and that of characteristics of the figurative-plastic system of realism as a creative method should finally be subject to a comprehensive review, which can allow avoiding its excessively broad terminological interpretation.

Діахронна множинність перекладів у контексті теорії еквівалентності (на матеріалі українських ретрансляцій трагедій У. Шекспіра)

The article considers the concept of equivalence in the context of the diachronic plurality of retranslations of Shakespeare's tragedies. An analysis of different approaches to determining the levels of equivalence is given: E. Nida and K. Rice distinguish formal and dynamic equivalence; J. Catford differentiates formal equivalent and text equivalent; J. House determines the difference between explicit and implicit translation. W. Koller distinguishes five types of equivalence: denotative equivalence, connotative equivalence, text-normative equivalence, pragmatic equivalence, and formal equivalence. V. Komissarov defines the levels of equivalence that form a hierarchical structure: levels of communication objectives, description of the situation, utterance, messages, and linguistic signs. The article highlights the notion of diachronic plurality of retranslations of a time-remote original text on the example of Ukrainian retranslations of the XIX–XXI centuries of Shakespeare's tragedies „Hamlet” and „Romeo and Juliet” and defines the basic principles of equivalence theory on which diachronic plurality of retranslations is based. The specifics of translators' use of different strategies in achieving equivalence of the original text and the translated one, which are due to the creative personality of the translator and translation style, is described. The article demonstrates that achieving the equivalence of a time-remote original text that is not a fixed quantity is a very important task for every translator, whose decision is determined by various factors, including the translator's choice of appropriate strategies and tactics. Each translation reflects its „own” original, which always follows from the individual vision of the text by the translator.

How Can We Broaden and Diversify Humanities Knowledge Translation?

Humanities research is extremely relevant for the challenges and opportunities of the 21st century. But despite the growing corpus of humanities research, there are few explicit translation mechanisms from academic work to broader communities. Building off of such a premise, this paper looks at where knowledge translation is occurring in other fields and what lessons might be learned for the wider and more efficient circulation of humanities work.

A Translational Paradigm to Study the Effects of Uncontrollable Stress in Humans.

Theories on the aetiology of depression in humans are intimately linked to animal research on stressor controllability effects. However, explicit translations of established animal designs are lacking. In two consecutive studies, we developed a translational paradigm to study stressor controllability effects in humans. In the first study, we compared three groups of participants, one exposed to escapable stress, one yoked inescapable stress group, and a control group not exposed to stress. Although group differences indicated successful stress induction, the manipulation failed to differentiate groups according to controllability. In the second study, we employed an improved paradigm and contrasted only an escapable stress group to a yoked inescapable stress group. The final design successfully induced differential effects on self-reported perceived control, exhaustion, helplessness, and behavioural indices of adaptation to stress. The latter were examined in a new escape behaviour test which was modelled after the classic shuttle box animal paradigm. Contrary to the learned helplessness literature, exposure to uncontrollable stress led to more activity and exploration; however, these behaviours were ultimately not adaptive. We discuss the results and possible applications in light of the findings on learning and agency beliefs, inter-individual differences, and interventions aimed at improving resilience to stress-induced mental dysfunction.

“Wait! I don’t get it! Can we translate?”: Explicit collaborative translation to support emergent bilinguals’ reading comprehension in the intermediate grades

ABSTRACT Throughout our targeted approach of explicit collaborative translation during small-group reading instruction in a bilingual education classroom, fourth grade emergent bilinguals employed the strategy to comprehend narrative text in a range of ways, similar to middle school students in reading instruction research. As students acknowledged the usefulness of their translation skills in constructing meaning with text, they also demonstrated increased initiative to engage in reading across classroom literacy events. Findings from this exploratory inquiry, including initial evidence of students’ developing bilingual identities of competence, suggest further research is warranted on explicit collaborative translation as part of a growing corpus of evidence-based translingual practices in bilingual classrooms.

Quantum cluster approach to the topological invariants in correlated Chern insulators

We detect the topological properties of Chern insulators with strong Coulomb interactions by use of cluster perturbation theory and variational cluster approach. The common scheme in previous studies only involves the calculation of the interacting bulk Chern number within the natural-unit cell by means of the so-called topological Hamiltonian. With close investigations on a prototype model, the half-filled Haldane Hubbard model, which is subject to both periodic and open boundary conditions, we uncover the unexpected failure of this scheme due to the explicit breaking of the translation symmetry. Instead, we assert that the faithful interacting bulk Chern number in the framework of quantum cluster approaches can be computed in the enlarged unit cell, which is free of the fault caused by the explicit translation symmetry breaking and consistent with the interacting bulk-edge correspondence.

Unrealized Architectural Projects of the 1920s: The Value of Constructivism Ideas

The article is devoted to one of the most interesting topics: the ideological heritage of constructivism and evaluation of its value. The no­velty of the research is determined by the choice of its subject: unrealized projects of Soviet architects of the 1920s (I.I. Leonidov, K.S. Melnikov, V.A. Vesnin, A.A. Vesnin, L.A. Vesnin and N.A. Ladovsky) as a source of promising ideas for the architecture and design of the late 20th—early 21st century. The paper aims to assess the creative and artistic value of the unrealized projects of Soviet constructivists for the modern architectural design. The main result is the attempt to present a historical and conceptual overview of the origin and features of constructivism and rationalism as trends in urban planning. The 1920s, when the principles and trends in constructivist architecture were formed, became the time of development of a new production and architectural model. The combination of rationalist approach with utopian functionality of most of these projects was the reason for rejection of a truly constructivist trend in Soviet architecture in favor of the “Stalin Empire Style”, and later — deconstructivism. The problematics of constructivist solutions of the 1920s in the field of urban planning and environmental management largely determined the methodology of architectural space organization of the USSR cities in the 1930s, when the stan­dard of “industry oriented” socialist society became a priority. The author considers theoretical studies and scientific publications about the works of Soviet constructivist architects, gives examples of explicit translation of the principles of constructivism in the 21st century architecture, and makes an assumption about the relationship between the ideolo­gical heritage of Soviet constructivists and the artistic and creative process of modern architects and desig­ners (founders of high-tech style R. Piano, N. Foster; deconstructivists F. Gehry, Z. Hadid, D. Libeskind).The article concludes that the constructivist ima­ges and stylistics of the analyzed period, though not translated by modern designers and architects “directly”, become the basis for implementation of new conceptual solutions.

The (cyclic) enhanced nilpotent cone via quiver representations

The {{,mathrm{GL},}}(V)-orbits in the enhanced nilpotent cone Vtimes mathcal {N} are (essentially) in bijection with the orbits of a certain parabolic Psubseteq {{,mathrm{GL},}}(V) (the mirabolic subgroup) in the nilpotent cone mathcal {N}. We give a new parameterization of the orbits in the enhanced nilpotent cone, in terms of representations of the underlying quiver. This parameterization generalizes naturally to the enhanced cyclic nilpotent cone. Our parameterizations are different from the previous ones that have appeared in the literature. Explicit translations between the different parametrizations are given.