Cows Of Experimental Group Research Articles

Результаты анализа состава микрофлоры рубца коров под влиянием пробиотика методом NGS-секвенирования

The purpose of research is to study the effect of the probiotic Profort-T on the composition of the rumen microbiome of dairy cows using NGS sequencing, productivity and hematological parameters of the animals' blood serum. The experiment was carried out on black-and-white cows for 60 days. Analogue groups of 20 animals each were formed: control group I (received the basic diet (BD)) and experimental group II (received the BD diet and the Profort-T probiotic). The BD consisted of: silage – 42.26 kg; hay – 1.97; mixed feed – 14.67 kg; salt, chalk, soda. The cows of experimental group II received the probiotic Profort-T at the rate of 0.03 kg per 1 head from the day of admission to the new calving group. The feed additive was distributed manually to each head of experimental group II during the new calving period and partially during milking. The animals were kept under the same conditions. Animals are kept in tethered conditions. The rumen bacterial community was assessed by NGS sequencing using a MiSeq sequencer (Illumina, Inc., USA). The use of a probiotic (experimental group II) made it possible to increase the average daily milk yield from 14.9 to 22.0 % compared to the control (P ≤ 0.05) and reduce the content of somatic cells in cows’ milk from 21.6 to 33.5 % (P ≤ 0.05). NGS sequencing demonstrated that 21 phyla of microorga¬nisms were found in the rumen microflora of the studied cows. The most represented (P ≤ 0.05) bacteria in the rumen were bacteria of the phylum Bacteroidetes – from 46.6 ± 4.48 to 58.1 ± 5.52 %. The proportion of cellulolytic bacteria Candidatus Saccharibacteria increased in experimental group II at the end of the experiment compared to the control by 1.9 times (P ≤ 0.05). Microorganisms Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria decreased in experimental group II compared to the control by 5.7 and 1.8 times, respectively (P ≤ 0.05), i.e. the use of the Profort-T probiotic led to an improvement in the structure of the microbial community of the cow rumen.

Clinical and experimental substantiation of the use of reduced concentrations of FSH during superovulation in highly productive cows

The purpose of the studies was to substantiate the use of reduced concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone to induce superovulation in highly productive cows and heifers. The research was carried out in one of the farms in the Leningrad region. After analyzing breeding cards and based on ultrasound visualization of the reproductive organs, promising animal embryo donors were selected - cows after the first calving and heifers that had reached physiological maturity, Holstein breed. According to the principle of analogues, groups of experimental animals Ⅰ and Ⅱ were formed, which included cows, and groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ, which included heifers, eight and six animals each, respectively. To induce multiple ovulation, hormonal treatment regimens were used, presented in Table 1. Hormonal treatment regimens were compiled in accordance with methodological recommendations on the procedure and conditions for applying the method of cattle embryo transplantation, as well as in accordance with the results of previously conducted studies and analysis of literary sources. As a result of the studies, it was established that all experimental animals responded equally to the hormonal regimen recommended by the manufacturer of exogenous gonadotropins and the experimental regimen, with a reduced concentration of the latter. It was revealed that there were no significant differences in the number of corpora lutea in the groups of cows and heifers when using a standard scheme for stimulating polyovulation and with a reduced content of follicle-stimulating hormone. There was also no difference between the experimental groups of cows and heifers in the number of embryos obtained. Analyzing the data obtained, we can conclude that it is advisable to use reduced concentrations of pituitary gonadotropins to stimulate multiple ovulation in highly productive cows and heifers.

Changes in the immunological characteristics of vaginal secretions of cows with genital mycoplasmosis when an immunomodulator is included in the treatment regimen

Purpose: the aim is to study the effect of the inclusion of the immunomodulator thymalin in the treatment regimen of genital mycoplasmosis of cattle on the immunological characteristics of vaginal secretions.Materials and methods. For the experiment, three groups of pregnant cows were formed, 8 heads each. The first group – pregnant cows with genital mycoplasmosis for the treatment of which the antibiotic traksovet 100 (tulatromycin) was used at a dose of 2.5 mg per 1 kg of animal body weight, subcutaneously, once 40 days before the expected delivery. The second group - pregnant cows with genital mycoplasmosis for the treatment of which the antibiotic traksovet 100 was used at a dose of 2.5 mg per 1 kg of animal body weight, subcutaneously, once 40 days before the expected delivery and the immunomodulator timalin at a dose of 0.1 mg per 1 kg of animal body weight, intramuscularly, twice with an interval of 72 hours. The third group (control) – clinically healthy pregnant cows. In experimental groups of cows, 2 weeks after the start of treatment, the effectiveness of therapy was monitored by conducting a PCR test for Mycoplasma spp. Before the start of therapy, vaginal secretions were collected from the walls of the vagina in animals of all groups. Repeated secretion from the first and second experimental group of cows was carried out 14 days after the start of treatment. In vaginal secretions, the content of - Ig G, Ig M, Ig A, sIg A and their total amount were determined by radial immunodiffusion in Mancini gel, lysozyme activity and its reaction (pH) was determined.Results. In the group of animals for the treatment of which the traxovet was used 2 weeks after the start of therapy, Mycoplasma spp. it was detected in 2 cows out of 8 (therapeutic efficacy was 75 %); in a group of cows where traxovet was used in combination with thymalin positive tests for Mycoplasma spp. there was no (therapeutic efficacy – 100 %). The use of an antibiotic for the treatment of cows with mycoplasmosis leads to the restoration to the level of healthy animals only Ig M and sIg A, whereas, when included in the thymalin therapy regimen, all the studied indicators reached their values in healthy cows.Conclusion. The use of a combination of tulatromycin and thymalin for the treatment of cows with genital mycoplasmosis provides a higher percentage of recovery, and also contributes to the restoration of the immuno-biological properties of vaginal secretions.

Влияние антиоксидантов, энергокорма и йода на адаптацию коров к высоким температурам среды, молочную продуктивность и воспроизводство

Two studies were conducted. In the 1st there are 3 groups of black-and-white cows of 9 heads each. One was the control, received the main diet (BR), the 2nd (experimental 1) received energy feed (EF) containing 23.6 MJ/kg of metabolizable energy in 150 and 300 ml in addition to the EF, the 3rd (experimental 2) additionally received 0.5 and 1.5 g of organic iodine (OI) and 1 g of dihydroquercetin (DHQ) head/day, respectively, during the dry and lactation periods in the spring and summer months, characterized by thermoneutral and high summer temperatures. Milk productivity and milk quality in cows during the spring-summer period had differences between groups. In cows of the control group, on average, over 5 months of lactation, the average daily milk yield was 22.7 kg with a fat content of 3.79% and protein of 2.94%: in cows of the 1st experimental group 21.6, 3.90, 3.02 and the second experimental group 20.8, 3.89 and 3.04, respectively, with a slightly higher average daily milk yield in cows of the control group by 1.1 and 1.4 kg compared to. cows of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups, their fat and protein content in milk was lower by 0.11 and 0.08 % pp in relation to the cows of the 1st experimental group and by 0.10 and 0.10%, respectively, compared to cows of the 2nd experimental. As a result, the content of total dry matter in milk was higher in cows of the experimental groups, which amounted to 12.70 and 12.54% compared to 12.15 % in the control group. The second study examined the effects of antioxidants on reproductive performance in cows. For the experiment, 3 groups of black-and white cows aged 3-5 years, 15 heads each, were formed, the cows of the 1st group were control. Cows of the 2nd and 3rd groups were intramuscularly injected with 20 ml of the selenium preparation Gabivit-Se with the addition of 250 and 500 mg of DHQ, respectively, twice with an interval of 7 days. Treating cows with antioxidants significantly improved the physiological, biochemical and reproductive performance of cows. Treatment of cows with Gabivit-Se + 500 mg DHQ was more effective.

ЛИНЕЙНАЯ ОЦЕНКА БЫКОВ ГОЛШТИНСКОЙ ПОРОДЫ ПО ЭКСТЕРЬЕРНОМУ ТИПУ ИХ ДОЧЕРЕЙ В ТОО «БЕК+»

The article presents the characteristics of linear evaluation of exterior of the first calving heifers of different lineage in the conditions of dairy complex of Beck+ LLP located in the Fyodorov district of the Kostanay region. Three experimental groups of cows were formed based on the different lineage of their first calving: Vis Back Ideal, Reflection Sovereign, and Osborndale Ivanhoe. The assessment of first-calving cows' exterior traits was conducted using 24 indicators and 9-point scale from day 30 to day 150 of lactation. Throughout the study, cows from the Vis Back Ideal and Reflection Sovereign lines demonstrated their superiority in overall body conformation, dairy type, and limb structure compared to their herd mates from the Osborndale Ivanhoe line. Across most of the evaluated traits such as hip height, rear width, udder depth, udder attachment, and hind leg posture, first-calving cows from the Vis Back Ideal line exhibited an advantage over those from the Reflection Sovereign and Osborndale Ivanhoe lines. A comprehensive evaluation of exterior traits was conducted, revealing that first-calving cows from the Vis Back Ideal and Reflection Sovereign lines are classified as "good," while their herd mates from the Osborndale Ivanhoe line are classified as "satisfactory." These finding confirm that servicing bulls significantly influence the expression of linear exterior traits in offspring.

Influence of feed mixtures on the productivity of cows and chemical composition of milk during the period of increasing the milk yield

There is a wide variety of climatic zones in the huge territories of our country, which require special approaches to feeding and housing of animals. Providing animals with adequate and rationed feeding under the conditions of the Northern Trans-Urals and Siberia is a difficult task due to the long stall period. The purpose of the work was to determine the infl uence of diff erent methods of feed distribution such as separate and feed mixture on milk productivity of cows and the chemical composition of milk during the period of increasing the milk yield. It was found that the milk yield of natural fat content during the fi rst 100 days of lactation in the experimental group of cows was 325 kg or 10,21 % higher than in the control group. Milk fat yield was obtained from the cows of the experimental group by 16,5 kg or 13,80 % more compared to the animals of the control group. The mass fraction of fat in the milk of cows in the experimental group was higher by 0,12 abs.%. However, the difference between groups in milk yield, milk fat content and milk fat yield was statistically insignificant. The difference in the content of protein, ash, calcium and phosphorus in the milk of the experimental animals was also insignificant, although there was some advantage in the content of these indicators in the experimental group, where the feed was fed in the form of the feed mixture. It was found when analyzing economic indicators that for cows in the control group the prime-cost of 1 kg of milk was 16,49 rubles, which was by 1,53 rubles or 3,91 % more than in the experimental group. At the same time, the level of profitability of milk production in the experimental group was higher than 12,66 abs.% compared to the control group.

Экономическая эффективность инновационных разработок, направленных на увеличение производства молока

Purpose. Assessment of the economic efficiency of using scientific developments in milk production. Materials and Methods. Scientific and economic experiments were carried out in three farms in the Volgograd region: breeding farm named after Lenin of Surovikinsky district; Agricultural Enterprise "Donskoye" LLC of Kalachevsky district and JSC "named after Kirov" of Staropoltavsky district. The object of research is lactating cows of Holstein, Red Steppe and Black-and-White breeds. The amount of fat, protein and other indicators contained in cows’ milk was determined in the conditions of the complex analytical laboratory of VRIMMP using standard methods. The calculation of economic indicators was carried out on the basis of data from summary reports on the results of livestock judgement, cards of breeding farms using methods of a systematic approach, analysis and calculation. Results. At the breeding farm named after Lenin, thanks to the use of lactulose-based feed additives in feeding cows, the milk yield of cows in the experimental groups increased by 5.59 and 8.09%, respectively, the fat content of milk – by 6.91 and 9.57%, protein – by 5.01 and 6.35 % compared to the control group. More profit was received from cows of experimental groups I and II compared to analogues in the control group by 1473.2 and 2131.0 rubles. The experimental groups exceeded the control group in terms of production profitability by 1.2 and 2.1%. In Agricultural Enterprise "Donskoye" LLC, the milk yield of cows during the highest lactation increased until the 3rd calving, and its increase was 1474.1 kg (15.4%). The animals that showed the greatest productivity (11,000.8 kg) after the first calving were 0.3 lactation higher than the animals that showed the greatest productivity in the second lactation. The introduction of modern scientific approaches made it possible to achieve a level of production profitability in 2022 of 30.0%, which is 2.6% higher than in 2018. At JSC "named after Kirov" produced 400 kg more milk per lactation, or 5.23%; profit – by 2980 rubles, or 8.5%; production profitability increased by 2.2%. Conclusion. The implementation of new scientific developments and intensive technologies at large dairy complexes makes it possible not only to improve the quality of the resulting dairy products, increase the productivity of animals, but also the overall profitability of industrial milk production.

The state of the body's immune system of beef cows with signs of endotoxicosis

During the development of endotoxicosis of various etiologies, secondary immunodeficiency occurs in animals, which progresses due to exposure to toxic metabolites. The work aimed to study the influence of endotoxicosis on the dynamics of indicators of the immune system of beef cows. The research was conducted on the Ukrainian black and spotted dairy breed beef cows. In cows with signs of endotoxicosis, clinical signs such as swelling of the external genital organs and mammary gland, anemia of the mucous membranes, depressed state, impaired appetite, and functional disorders of the antrum and intestines were characteristic. The main immunological tests characterizing the state of the immune system of beef cows are indicators of humoral immunity (bactericidal and lysozyme activity of blood serum), cellular immunity (T- and B-lymphocytes), indicators of non-specific resistance of the organism (phagocytic activity and phagocytic index). In beef cows with clinical manifestations of endotoxicosis, inhibition of cellular, humoral, and non-specific links of the immune system was established, which led to the development of the so-called secondary immunodeficiency. This is evidenced by a decrease in the bactericidal and lysozyme activity of blood serum, a decrease in the number of T- and B-lymphocytes, and a decrease in the phagocytic index and phagocytic activity of the blood of sick cows. In particular, it was established that the lowest indicator of bactericidal and lysozyme activity was observed in the 9th month of pregnancy in the experimental group of cows, where it decreased by 15.9 and 4.91 %, respectively, compared to the control. In the above study periods, a decrease in the phagocytic activity of neutrophils by 5.04 % and the phagocytic index by 33.3 % was established compared to the indicators of the control group. During the analysis of cellular immunity, similar changes were found in determining the number of T- and B-lymphocytes; they were lower by 12.5 % and 4.19 %, respectively. Changes in the indicators of the immune system are significant and objective markers of the state of the cow's body during the development of endotoxicosis, regardless of its causes.

The influence of the behavior of cows and the method of feeding a grain mix-ture on their milk productivity

At the “Pchany-Denkovych” farm of the Stryi district of the Lviv region, the influence of the behavior of Simmental cows and the method of feeding a grain mixture on their quantitative and qualitative composition of milk depending on the level of feeding was studied, as well as the possibility of using ethological assessment as one of the criteria when selecting animals for industrial use. It was established that there was a slight advantage in terms of expenditure on foraging behavior by classes in active and ultraactive individuals in both experimental groups of cows. Thus, animals from the first and second groups of the active class spent the most time on feed consumption, respectively – 21.4 and 22.0 min, which is 20.2 and 19.6 % more than the rate of infrapassive animals (17.8 and 18.4 min). A similar pattern was found in cows and in terms of time spent on water consumption. Thus, cows of the infrapassive classes spent the least amount of time on water consumption, respectively – In the first group – 9.6 minutes, and in the second group – 10.5 minutes. Cows of the active class with a high level of general activity of the first and second groups spent the most time on water consumption, respectively – by 16.3 and 16.6 minutes. The influence of the level of general activity of cows on their milk productivity was established - with an increase in the level of activity, an increase in milk productivity was observed. It was established that the cows belonging to the active class were characterized by the highest milk yield. At the same time, in order to increase the efficiency of the use and assimilation of feed, it is recommended to feed concentrated feed to dairy cows in portions – part of it as part of the feed mixture, and part of it during the milking of the cows. It was established that the cows of the first group with a low level of general activity, which received concentrated feed during milking, were characterized by the lowest milk productivity. Thus, the infrapassive animals of the first group had a 15.1 % (Р < 0.05) lower hope for lactation, compared to the peers of the active class, which were given the feed mixture in portions. In each class, there were also differences in milk productivity depending on feeding Thus, the cows of the second group exceeded their peers from the first group of different classes of ethological activity in terms of milk yield, respectively – by 2.4, 3.9, 2.1, and 2.9 %, given the grain mixture during milking. A little higher the milk productivity of the animals of the second group is associated with better eating of the feed mixture and the content of the percentage of concentrated feed in the recipe. Better consumption of feed mixture by animals contributed to greater consumption of nutrients in the diet, which was reflected in the milk productivity of cows. It was established that the density and acidity of milk of different classes of ethological activity were within normal limits. There are practically no differences in these indicators between groups, and small intergroup fluctuations are statistically improbable.

Integrative therapy of postpartum endometritis in first-calf heifers in the conditions of a biogeochemical province

The research was carried out at the Sarafanovo farm, in Chebarkul district, Chelyabinsk region. We established that postpartum endometritis in first-calf heifers is widespread in biogeochemical provinces that contain an excess of nickel and iron. This pathology demonstrates distinct violations of organism’s functional state, accompanied by changes of blood values, a decrease in nonspecific defenses and an increase in peroxidation processes. The on-farm treatment routine makes a certain therapeutic effect, but does not fully ensure the restoration of the body systems, especially the regulation of mineral metabolism. It has been shown that the additional inclusion of Phosprenyl, Gabivit-Sе and Vitartil, which stimulate organism’s defenses, into the on-farm treatment routine contributes to faster restoration of metabolic processes and leads to recovery of animals. Normalization of indicators of nonspecific defenses was detected both on the 7th and 14th days of treatment. An integrated treatment approach due to introducing of the studied medications into the traditional routine helps to reduce the time of treatment of endometritis in first-calf heifers (by 3-4 days), and their milk production increases. The daily milk yield in the experimental group of cows was 18,6±0,29 kg, in the control group – 15,3±0,33. Therefore, the Phosprenyl, Gabivit-Sе and Vitartil should be included in the basic routine of on-farm treatment of endometritis.

The effect of carboxylates of food acids and substances of neurotropicmetabolic effect on biochemical indicators of blood and reproductive qualities of new-calved cows

After calving, changes occur in the reproductive system of cows, aimed at restoring the ability to reproduce. These processes occur against the background of exhaustion from childbirth, lactation, and a negative energy balance, which often leads to violations of the reproductive function, so the search for methods that contribute to its restoration is urgent. The aim of the work was to investigate the effect of the drug with nerotropic-metabolic action as a stimulator of postpartum recovery in cows and improvement of fertility. The drug included L-arginine, sodium succinate, sodium glutamate and carboxylates of food acids (Fe, Ca, Mn, Cu, Zn). The study was conducted by the method of groups on cows of the Holstein breed. A control and two experimental groups of 15 heads each were formed. Cows of experimental group 1 were given injections in the subcaudal fold on the 5th, 7th and 9th day after calving, dividing the active substance into 3 parts. Cows of experimental group 2 were administered the drug intraparenterally in the first 1.5-2 hours after calving in a full dose once 21st days after calving, the cows of the experimental groups did not show any deviations in blood biochemical parameters compared to the reference values. But there was a tendency to decrease the amount of calcium, phosphorus, protein and carotene, compared to cows of the control group, which indicates the presence of an influence on metabolic processes. The content of total protein in the blood of cows of experimental group 2 was close to the lower limit of the physiological norm. No placental retention was observed in the cows of the experimental groups, while in the control group this disorder was present in 33% of cows. The introduction of the drug made it possible to reduce the frequency of endometritis by 20%, to shorten the period until the beginning of the first oestrus by 7th and 10th days, to increase fertility after the first insemination by 6 and 13 percentage points, and to shorten the service period by 16th and 22nd days. The second experimental group obtained a higher efficiency of using the drug. It is advisable to use the results of research on dairy farms. Intraparenteral administration of the drug 1.5-2 hours after calving will improve the process of restoring the sexual function of cows and their fertility

Influence of autonomic nervous system tone on the content of cholesterol and lipoproteins of different density in the blood of cows

The relevance of the study lies in the investigation of the influence of the autonomic nervous system tone on the content of lipids in the body of cows, which is important to consider in order to ensure the high productivity of the dairy herd and balance diets in animal feeding. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of the tone of the ganglion nervous system on the content of cholesterol and lipoproteins of various densities in the blood of dairy cows of the Ukrainian Black-and-White breed. To determine heart rate variability, an electrocardiograph was used with subsequent measurement of the main indicators according to the Baevsky stress index, which included determining the mode, its amplitude, variation range, autonomous equilibrium index, autonomous rhythm indicator, and stress index. Three experimental groups were formed from experimental cows: normotonics, vagotonics, and sympathotonics. The content of lipoproteins in blood plasma was determined using a Sinnova BS-3000 biochemical analyser (China). According to the results of biochemical analysis, differences in the obtained indicators were established among experimental groups of cows with different tones of the autonomic nervous system. This is due to the fact that activation of the sympathetic nerve branch leads to changes in liver function, which affects the production of glucose in the body. This can lead to increased cholesterol production. In addition, an increased tone of the sympathetic branch can stimulate the activity of enzymes responsible for the synthesis of cholesterol, and lead to a decrease in the level of hormones that regulate its synthesis and transport in the body. In particular, vagotonic animals had the highest blood content of total cholesterol and high-density lipoproteins. Sympathotonics showed the lowest blood values for total cholesterol and high-density lipoproteins. Normotonics occupied an intermediate place among the experimental groups of cows. A detailed study of this issue reveals the features of the influence of the autonomic nervous system tone on the indicators of lipid metabolism in the blood of cows, which is important to consider in production to effectively solve issues related to maintaining their productivity and improving the quality of milk

Test of the preparation "DELCID® 7.5" in cattle choriooptosis

The drug "Delcid ® 7.5" was obtained in the scientific and innovation center "Agrovetzashchita". One ml of the drug as active ingredients contains: deltamethrin – 7.5 mg, diflubenzuron – 3 mg and piperonyl butoxide – 1.5 mg, as well as auxiliary substances. It has a wide spectrum of insecticidal and acaricidal action. The aim of our study was to study the therapeutic efficacy of the drug for veterinary use «Delcid ® 7.5» in bovine chorioptosis.Methods. The test of the drug "Delcid ® 7.5" was carried out on 10 cows aged from May 17 to June 1, 2021 at the livestock enterprise SEC "Kobralovsky", located at the address: Leningrad region, Gatchina district, village. Kobralovo. Based on the results of clinical and laboratory studies on the principle of analogues, one experimental group (No. 1) of cows and one similar control group (No. 2) were formed with obvious clinical signs of chorioptosis and positive laboratory results. The drug "Delcid ® 7.5" was applied to cows of experimental group No. 1. Animals of control group No. 2 were treated with the drug "Butox 7.5" produced by Intervet International B.V. (Netherlands).Results. According to the results of clinical examination of cows of experimental and control groups and laboratory examination of samples taken from them, it was found that the use of the drug "Delcid ® 7.5" allows us to talk about 100% effectiveness in chorioptosis of cattle. The presence of Chorioptes bovis ticks 5 days after the end of treatment in one of 10 samples taken from animals of the control group indicates 90% effectiveness of the drug "Butox 7.5" in chorioptosis of cattle.

Scientifically based method for correcting the metabolic processes of highly productive cows in a biogeochemical province

The present study describes the features of the metabolic processes correction in cows with clinical signs of microelementosis (hypocobaltosis, hypocuprosis, rumen acidosis) in the biogeochemical province of the Chelyabinsk region. Study of the anamnesis showed that the deficiency of essential microelements (copper, cobalt, zinc, manganese), excess of iron and the presence of heavy metals (nickel) in environmental objects (soil, water, feed), in the blood of animals, deficiency of sugar, vitamins and low sugar-protein ratio in the feed ration caused the metabolic disorders and diseases of non-contagious etiology (hypocobaltosis, hypocuprosis, rumen acidosis) in the body of highly productive cows. Presence of metabolic disorders was confirmed by the results of morpho- biochemical studies of the blood of cows. In accordance with the purpose of the work, two groups of cows (experimental and control) of the first lactation trimester, 10 heads each, were formed using the principle of analogues. Metabolic disorders in the experimental group of cows were corrected using a complex daily therapy that included beet molasses (1.5 kg in a 1:3 dilution), sunflower cake (1.5 kg), I-sak 1026 (YEA-SACC1026) yeast culture at the rate of 1 g per 1 ton of planned milk (5-7 g per head per day) and “targeted” mineral premix (salts of cobalt sulfate (760 mg), copper sulfate (570 mg), manganese sulfate (650 mg), zinc sulfate (450 mg)). The mineral enterosorbent Vitartil (0.1 g/kg of body weight) was applied daily, in cycles of 15 days with an interval of 15 days. The duration of the experiment was 45 days. Corrective treatment was not performed in the control group of animals. The level of essential microelements in the blood of experimental cows increased on the 45th day of the study, whereas the level of iron and the toxic element nickel decreased compared to the background and values of the control group. Correction of metabolic processes was accompanied by an increase in the content of hemoglobin, erythrocytes, glucose, total protein, albumins in the blood of cows, a decrease in transamination enzymes, proteins of the β-globulins and γ- globulins classes, normalization of the clinical status of animals, improvement of cicatricial digestion, an increase in milk productivity and reproductive ability of cows. The correction of metabolic processes, carried out in the experimental group, gave a positive effect, but did not lead to a complete normalization of the parameters characterizing all types of cow metabolism, so it is necessary to continue the treatment.

The Combined Effect of STEMB and Immunomodulatory Substance in the Blood Profile of Cows at the 15th Day Post-Partum.

The objective is to determine the morphological and biochemical blood parameters of cows at the 15th day postpartum with the separate and combined use of an Embryonic Stimulator (STEMB) and an immunomodulator (Immunopharm). In all studies, there were three experimental groups. For the first experimental group, the STEMB solution was administered to Holstein cows at 30 days before delivery, injected thrice subcutaneously at 7 days’ intervals and at a dosage of 0.075 ml/kg of body weight. The second experimental group was administered with the immunomodulator thrice intramuscularly at 7 days’ intervals and at a dosage of 6 ml per cow, starting 30 days prior to delivery. Finally, the third experimental group of cows were administered the drugs STEMB and Immunopharm combined while using the same dosage (0.075 ml/kg and 6 ml/cow respectively) and scheme (Thrice, 7 days’ interval, starting at 30 days before deliver) as the two other groups. It was found that the combined use of STEMB and Immunopharm improved the blood cell composition; increased amount of monocytes, segmented neutrophils, hemoglobin, total protein, alpha-globulins, immunoglobulins (A, M, G) and also reduced the indicators of ALT and AST enzymes to the threshold level. It has been demonstrated that the combined use of STEMB and Immunopharm are optimal for the prevention of birth and postpartum complications as well as providing an improvement in the blood cell composition.

Effectiveness of treatment regimens for cows with seous mastitis using zinc chelate complex

The article presents the therapeutic efficacy of Biozinc in the treatment of cattle with serous mastitis. The authors revealed a decrease in the number of somatic cells in milk in the experimental group of cows to 170 thousand, which corresponds to the milk from a healthy animal. Cows in the experimental group showed a positive trend in milk quality. Five cows had watery milk. Positive changes in milk quality were evident 12 hours after the first injection in the form of a reduction in flake secretion from the affected quarters. Milk was watery in all cows of the experimental group by the third day, without flakes and white color. The authors note a positive trend during disease treatment by the end of the first day of treatment in both test groups. Complete recovery was noted in ten animals, which was 100%, in the experimental group, which were treated with Biozinc. Complete recovery occurred after 3.00±0.15 days. The therapeutic efficacy was 100%. In the control group, seven cows (70%) recovered. A hematological examination revealed a 15.52 g/l (18.1 %) increase in hemoglobin level in the experimental group of animals and a 0.88 x 1012/l (P<0.05) increase in erythrocyte count. Through serum biochemical studies, the authors found that cows with serous mastitis showed changes in such parameters as protein, bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), and aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT). Cows in the experimental group showed a 21.5% (P<0.01) decrease in protein content after treatment. The values of ASAT in the control group decreased by 35.2%, and in the experimental group - by 42.6%. The values of ALAT also tended to decrease by 38.7% in the control group and by 48.6% in the experimental group (P<0.001).

EFFICIENCY OF MILK PRODUCTION BY INTRODUCTION OF SHARLOVSKY DIATOMITE IN THE RATION OF COWS

Comparative data on usage effectiveness of quarry and modified diatomite additives of Sharlovsky deposit of Ulyanovsk region in dairy cattle breeding are given. Assessment of parametres of physiological and biochemical status and milk productivity of Holstein cows in case of application of additives is given. The experiments were carried out on 150 cows on the basis of SPK Kolkhoz named after Kalinin, Ulyanovsk Region. The experimental groups of cows were selected by the method of analogues, taking into account age, breed, live weight and physiological state. Before start of the experiment, animal clinical condition was studied. Three groups of 50 cows were formed for scientific and economic experiment and 10 cows for physiological test. Feeding was carried out with diatomite introduction according to the following scheme: the 1st group (control) received only the farm ration (FR), the 2nd group - FR and the addition of modified diatomite at a dose of 300 g/animal/day, the 3rd group - FR and addition of quarry diatomite from the same deposit and in the same amount. The housing conditions of cows in the groups were equal. Milk productivity was recorded according to control milkings. Total duration of the experiment was 90 days. Positive results were obtained, which prove that introduction of modified and quarry diatomite supplements from Sharlovsky deposit of Ulyanovsk region into rations of Holstein cows is effective. Improvement in physiological and biochemical status and protective mechanisms of the body of cows was established. An increase of their average daily milk yield and improvement in its quality were noted when using the tested additives.

IMMUNOLOGICAL STATUS OF BLOOD AND MILK OF COWS AFTER APPLICATION OF PROBIOTICS

Among the main tasks of cattle breeding is creation of conditions for obtaining healthy young animals, which will ensure high level of productivity in the future. Nowadays, interest in probiotic products is growing in countries around the world. Probiotics help to reduce diseases of livestock, improve digestion, metabolism, increase animal productivity, and maintain the immunological status. Vetom series probiotics are widely used in this industry. These products have an extensive range of actions, one of which is correction of immunobiochemical status. The aim of our study was to study the effect of Vetom 1.2 probiotics on immunological status of blood and milk. Scientific and economic experiment was carried out at AO "Uchkhoz" Prigorodnoe ", Barnaul, on black-and-white cows in the autumn-winter period. The manufacturer of "Vetom 1.2" probiotic preparation is OOO NPF "Research Center", Novosibirsk Region, Koltsovo v. When analyzing the results of the studies, we found: 1. Increase of parameters during the study period: carotene by 27.4%, retinol and tocopherol by 26.5% and 16.2%, respectively, gamma globulin by 15.8%, albumin by 10 .6%. 2. Increase of immunoglobulins in blood serum of cows in the experimental group compared to the control group: albumin by 14.4%; alpha, beta, gamma globulin by 16.3%, 13.7%, 17.8%, respectively. 3. It was found that the level of immunoglobulins in colostrum was higher by 31.4% in the experimental group of cows on the first day of lactation, on the second day by 14.1% compared to the control group. Based on the obtained results, the following conclusions were made: 1. "Vetom 1.2" has a positive effect on dynamics of immunological status of cow blood. 2. The probiotics helps to increase the level of immunoglobulins in the colostrum of cows.

The economic efficiency of the use of mixed ligand complexes of Zinc, Man-ganese and Cobalt in the rations of highlyproductive cows of the Ukrainian Black-Spotted Dairy breed

The research results on the cost-effectiveness of using different doses of Zinc, Manganese, and Cobalt due to their mixed ligand complexes in the feeding rations of highly productive cows of the Ukrainian Black-Spotted Dairy breed in the first 100 days of lactation are presented. Experimental studies were conducted on five (one control and four experimental) groups of analogous cows in the conditions of the Kyiv region's ALC “Terezyne” Bila Tserkva district. The optimal dose of mixed-ligand complexes of Zinc, Manganese, and Cobalt was established in previous studies, with a concentration of 1 kg of dry matter (DM) of the feed mixture (FM), mg: Zinc – 60.8; Manganese – 60.8, and Cobalt – 0.78. For the second experimental group, the concentration of these trace elements increased by 10 %, and in the 3rd, fourth, and fifth experimental groups – on the contrary, it decreased by 10 %, 20, and 30 %, respectively, compared with the control. The highest hopes of essential fat milk were in experimental cows of the 4th group and were 4791.7 kg, where due to mixed ligand complexes, the doses of Zinc and Manganese were 48.6 mg, and Cobalt – 0.62 mg per 1 kg of DM. The hopes of essential fat milk, compared with the control, in cows of the second experimental group, was higher by 155.2 kg, the 3rd – by 211.3 kg, the 4th – by 427.0 kg, and the fifth experimental group – by 234.6 kg. The lowest hopes of essential fat milk were in cows of the first control group. Using additives of mixed ligand complexes of Zinc, Manganese, and Cobalt in complete feed mixtures allowed profit, UAH: in the first control group – 7581.5; second experimental group – 7963.1; third – 8004.1; fourth – 8437.6 and 5th – 8119.0. The most significant profit, by UAH 856.1, or 11.29 % more than control, was obtained in the fourth experimental group of cows of the Ukrainian Black-Spotted Dairy breed. The positive effect of feeding different levels of Zinc, Manganese, and Cobalt due to their mixed ligand complexes to cows of the Ukrainian Black-Spotted Dairy breed in the first 100 days of lactation on the indicators of economic efficiency of milk production. The best results were obtained in the fourth experimental group, whose cows were fed a feed mixture containing 1 kg of DM, mg: Zinc – 48.6; Manganese – 48.6; Cobalt – 0.62; Selenium – 0.3; Copper – 12 and Iodine – 1.1.

The influence of using plant‐mineral bolus in early fresh period on the efficiency of the first inseminations of dairy cows

The early fresh period has a big value in the productive life of animals. The level of management on this time in the farm and the animals’ body state have a correlation with milk production and reproductive efficiency. The purpose of the study was to research the influence of vegeto‐mineral bolus using in early fresh period on the efficiency of the first inseminations of dairy cows. The studies were carried out in one of the breeding farms of the Leningrad region. It was Holstein cows aged from 2 to 7 years. The milk production of cows was 9000 kg. It was two groups (n=80 by each). The cows of the experimental group in the early fresh period received plant‐mineral boluses Metrabol (Techna France Nutrition S.A.S., France). The compound of these boluses includes vitamin E, Mg, Zn, Cu, Se and herbal components (calendula, cinnamun, suisque). It was 2 boluses per animal during the first 12 hours after calving. The protocol of early fresh period of cows (control group) was used the injection of antibacterial, myotonic and multivitamin preparations in the first day of calving. The using of plant‐mineral boluses in the early fresh period had a positive influence on the efficiency of the first inseminations. The high result of first inseminations had cows of experimental group. The difference of values between two groups was 12,8% (first lactation); 1,3% (second lactation); 17,5% (third or more lactation). However, the higher percentage of efficiency after second insemination had cows of control group. The difference of values was 19 % (first lactation); 14,5 % (second lactation) and 15,8% (third or more lactation). More successful third and other inseminations were seen in cows of the experimental group. Thus, the percentage of first lactation’ cows was 6,2%, second lactation – 13,3%, the third and more lactations ‐1,8%. It can be concluded that the using of plant‐mineral boluses during the first 12 hours after calving contributes to a faster recovery of the reproductive system of cows in the postpartum period, which is expressed by a higher efficiency of the first inseminations.