Experienced Person Research Articles

The Relevance Of The Big Five Model To Students’ Adaptation To The Academic Environment Personality and Academic Experiences

The Big Five has been used as a theoretical framework for the evaluation of the 21stcentury skills and is associated with desirable outcomes. This study evaluates the extent to which the Big Five relates to students’ adaptation to the academic environment. Participants were 845 undergraduate students (60.7% female), aged from 17 to 31 years who answered the Factorial Personality Battery and the Academic Experience Questionnaire. Data reduction analysis at the facet level recovered the Big Five structure and indicated that Extraversion, Neuroticism, and Conscientiousness are, respectively, associated with higher personal, interpersonal, and study related academic adaptation dimensions. Agreeableness and Openness did not cluster with academic dimensions, suggesting lower relevance for academic adaptation in higher education.

Teaching Beliefs on Developmentally Appropriate Practice Among Chinese Preschool Teachers: The Role of Personality.

Research has shown that teachers’ personality is related to their teaching practices. However, few such research has been conducted in the preschool settings. This research adopted a cross-sectional quantitative approach to examine how preschool teachers’ personality related to their beliefs of Developmentally Appropriate Practice (DAP). 544 preschool teachers were randomly selected to complete Teacher Beliefs and Practices Survey and the Myer–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). Findings showed that the personality type profiles of preschool teachers are characterized predominantly by Sensing-Feeling-Judging. Among all personality types, extraverted and intuitive teachers tended to show higher scores in DAP beliefs and practice than that of the introverted teachers. Analyses from regression findings also indicated that the Extroversion-Introversion dimension predicted significantly teachers’ beliefs and practices of DAP. In addition, teachers’ teaching experiences in association with personality predicted their DAP practices, suggesting that there was an combined effect of teachers’ personality and work experience in adopting DAP. Implication for school managers to provide professional development to support teachers in understanding and practicing DAP in preschools are discussed.

Sickle cell disease: a comprehensive program of care from birth.

As more children are appropriately being diagnosed, the burden of sickle cell disease is increasing greatly in Africa and in high-resource countries such as the United States and Europe. Early management is mandatory, but newborn screening is not implemented everywhere. Point-of-care testing devices are increasingly being used in low-resource countries, showing good sensitivity and specificity. Because the diagnosis is often traumatic for the families, the announcement should be made by an experienced person. The development of care networks is urgently required to facilitate daily life by defining the respective functions of nearby and highly specialized health care professionals, who should work in close collaboration. Comprehensive programs targeting the prevention of pneumococcal infections, malaria in infested zones, and stroke may substantially improve patient care. Hydroxyurea is increasingly being used, but whether it should be systematically prescribed in all children is debated, and its access is still limited in many African countries. Yearly checkups should be organized early in life in order to screen and then treat any organ impairment. Enhancing parents' and patients' knowledge and skills is mandatory.

Is Breaking Up Hard to Do? Exploring Emerging Adults' Perceived Abilities to End Romantic Relationships

ObjectiveTo explore emerging adults' beliefs about their ability to end romantic relationships and to identify demographic, personality, and romantic experience factors associated with breakup beliefs.BackgroundAlthough, ending relationships is a key component of emerging adult romantic development, research suggests that breakups tend to be protracted and painful. Little is known about what individual skills might be relevant in making breakups smoother for both members of a couple.MethodUsing a cross‐sectional design and drawing from an existing survey panel, 948 emerging adults completed an online survey about their romantic experiences and health outcomes.ResultsMost participants perceived that they can carry out breakup‐related tasks; they reported knowing when to break up, being able to do so appropriately, being able to accept it when someone breaks up with them, and not delaying breaking up. However, a sizable proportion of participants (23.5% to 47.1% depending on the item) reported that they lacked the skills necessary to end romantic relationships. Beliefs about the ability to end relationships were most consistently associated with emerging adults' general self‐efficacy.ConclusionAlthough most emerging adults in the sample appeared confident in their abilities to break up, a sizeable minority indicated that they lacked key skills to end relationships.ImplicationsRelationship education programs for emerging adults generally do not focus on relationship dissolution. Yet our findings suggest that some emerging adults may need opportunities to build skills that will help them exit relationships that are unhealthy, unsatisfying, or out of sync with their individual goals.

Factors affecting recruitment into General Practice: a double binary choice approach

Recruitment to General Practice (GP) is currently low in many countries. Here we focus on two binary choices for junior doctors: first, whether to apply to GP; second, whether to accept a GP training place if offered. Previous attitudinal studies have indicated factors claimed to affect recruitment. The current study goes further by quantifying the relative impact of different factors on the propensity of candidates to apply to GP and accept a training place. An online questionnaire was sent to candidates applying to United Kingdom (UK) specialty training in 2015. Descriptive statistics and a path analysis evaluated the importance of various factors on GP applications. Our results were synthesised with an analysis of data from the online applications portal. With 3838 candidates responding to the survey, the path analysis showed that personality and previous GP experiences were strongly associated with the decision to apply. There was some evidence that it was easier to enter GP than other specialties; in terms of deciding whether to accept, the evidence suggests GP was a backup plan for around 9% of candidates who accepted a GP post. Our results indicate that recruitment initiatives should focus on candidates who apply to GP but not as first choice or consider GP but do not apply, particularly by providing substantial experience of GP and accentuating the positives of the specialty such as work-life balance and the intellectual challenge of working with patients in primary care. Acceptance of a GP place may also depend on competition for places in other specialties.

Surface Defect Identification and Grouping of Intermittent Leather Images using Linear Discriminant Model

Scrutiny of intermittent leather is accepted through visual analysis on the natural material by an experienced individual based on many parameters which includes surface defects as a parameter. Such results comprising of base color, other than base color, share of regions, share of cutting area, share of cutting value, position wise length and position wise breadth will determine the value of the leather and surprisingly the result will vary form one experienced person to another. Hence, a new method for grouping of intermittent leather is proposed for a better or suitable decision making. Feature extraction technique, Grey Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) has been implemented to understand the features of color and area by extracting the texture features like Entropy, Energy, Contrast, Variance, Mean, Dissimilarity, Correlation and Homogeneity. A total of 428 intermittent leather imagesare used to understand the classification. The classifiers, Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) model and Support Vector Machine (SVM) are used to find out the accuracy. Further, linear discriminant model confirms 92% of accuracy over the support vector machine which is confirms 89.65% of accuracy. The proposed LDA model clearly shows that the approach is successful in classifying the variations among the defects and non-defects in intermittent leather images.

Dramatic Hermeneutics as a Perspective Technology in the Artistic Education

Modern artistic education uses widely innovative technologies. The technology of dramatic hermeneutics synthesizes the achievements of practical hermeneutics with the compositional and dramatic properties of art. In the vector of artistic education, it enriches artistic and creative activity with the elements of theatrical pedagogy. In the organizational and methodological aspects, it allows to combine individual and creative, team and group work based on the search and disclosure of artistic, interpretive, figurative and semantic contexts of the works of art. The artistic and semantic basis of the technology of dramatic hermeneutics is the theory of conflict, life contradictions, the removal of which leads to change and transformation of the existence. Dramatic hermeneutics as an innovative technology forms understanding of deep life collisions reflected in works of art through personalities. For the educational process, such personalities are artists, teachers, listeners, characters of the work, anybody who are directly or indirectly involved in the artistic and communicative process. Dramatic hermeneutics as an integration of drama, practical hermeneutics and artistic creativity is used in three varieties, namely: understanding the experience of the creative personality; integra l processes of artistic thinking; collective presentation of the artistic idea interpretation. This predetermines the formation of the dramatic and hermeneutic competence of future art teachers – their ability to apply the pedagogical potential of linking art of different styles and genres with the realities of life in artistic and educational processes.

The Study of Personality Architecture and Dynamics (SPeADy): A Longitudinal and Extended Twin Family Study.

The Study of Personality Architecture and Dynamics (SPeADy) is a German research project that aims to investigate the sources of interindividual differences in intraindividual personality development. The main focus lies in the dynamic interplay between more stable core characteristics and more environmentally malleable surface characteristics, as well as between personality and life experiences over time. SPeADy includes a twin family study encompassing data from 1962 individuals (age: 14-94) of 682 families, including 570 complete twin pairs (plus 1 triplet set), 327 parents, 236 spouses and 145 children of twins. Data collection started in 2016 and data from the first wave are currently obtainable as open source. Available data comprise a broad range of personality variables, such as personality trait constructs, motives, interests, values, moral foundations, religiosity and self-related concepts. For the currently ongoing second wave of data collection, we added retrospective reports on major life events. Special features of this genetically informative study are the extended twin family data and its longitudinal design. Three assessment waves in 2 years' intervals are planned until 2022. In this article, we briefly describe the design and contents of the SPeADy twin family study as well as some recent findings, future plans and open science issues.

Assessment of Visual Examination for Wire Rope Slings Using the Attributive Measurement System Analysis

Wire ropes are used for a variety of day-to-day job operations. They have a finite service life and therefore requires consistent, thorough and documented examinations to identify component degradation before a failure. Conducting regular examinations is the most effective way to detect, monitor and respond to wire rope sling fatigue failures. Thorough routine examinations should be carried out by a capable and experienced person so the assessment of the visual examination for wire ropes is crucial to obtain the confidence in the inspection process.The purpose of this paper is to determine if the persons using the sling in a day-to-day job have sufficient training and practical experience to perform visual examination of wire rope slings, using the method of attributive measurement system analysis. This method looks at how effective or capable a person is in accepting good products and sorting out bad products repeatedly and looks also at the probability of a bad product being missed and a good one rejected. The results were processed with MINITAB software.

Role of Child Life Specialists in Pediatric Palliative Care

Role of Child Life Specialists in Pediatric Palliative Care

The Frequency of Errors in Determining Age Based on Selected Features of the Incisors of Icelandic Horses.

Simple SummaryMethods of assessing the age of horses based on the appearance of teeth, although used for many years, seem to suffer from relatively large errors. However, this method can play an auxiliary role in identifying horses of unknown origin. Furthermore, this method is a useful tool for owners, breeders, or veterinary surgeons to make decisions regarding purchase, insurance, or treatment and provides information on the specific characteristics of horses of different breeds. This study aimed to assess the suitability of selected features of the incisors for the determination of the age of Icelandic horses. Determining the age of Icelandic horses based on the appearance of teeth only matched the real age in more than one-third of the 126 individuals assessed. The average percentage of errors made in the assessment of age based on the eruption and growth of deciduous incisors was significantly smaller compared to determining age based on replacement of deciduous to permanent incisors, the disappearance of cups, and/or changes in the shape of the grinding surfaces. It is likely that characteristic changes occurring in Icelandic horses’ incisors may be related to the specific course of development processes of this breed.The structure and changes occurring to horses’ teeth during ontogeny are not only used to assess the degree of somatic maturity but also the development of universal patterns and is therefore used to determine the age of horses. Research shows that methods of assessing the age of horses based on the appearance of teeth tend to suffer from relatively large errors. This is probably influenced by the results of intensive selection and being kept in living conditions that differ substantially from their natural environment. This study aimed to assess the suitability of selected features of the incisors to determine the age of Icelandic horses. One hundred and twenty-six Icelandic horses (78 mares and 48 stallions) of different ages (range: 0–24 years; groups: 0–2 years, >2–5 years, >5–11 years, and >11 years) were examined by an experienced horse person who was blinded to the actual age of the horse and did not know which age group horses were in. Age was determined by the inspection of each horse’s teeth and was compared to the actual age of the horse recorded in the breeding documentation, and the percentage of mistakes made regarding the age group was calculated. The estimated age did not match the real age in 36.5% of the horses. The age was more often underestimated (19.0%) by, on average, 0.9 ± 1.0 years than overestimated (17.5%) by, on average, 1.3 ± 1.4 years. Within age groups, the least number of errors in determining age were made in young horses aged 0–2 years, when the eruption and growing of the deciduous incisors and the disappearance of the cups was considered. The average percentage of errors in this group (2.1%) was significantly lower (p < 0.01) than for older horses, whose age was estimated based on the exchange of deciduous to permanent teeth (55.8%), disappearance of the cups (68.0%), and shape changes on the grinding surface (40.0%). Significantly more frequent underestimation of age based on replacing deciduous for permanent incisors and significantly more frequent overestimation of age on the basis of the disappearance of the cup may indicate that Icelandic horses up to 5 years of age are characterized by a slower rate of growth than horses of other breeds, especially warmblood horses. These results suggest that patterns used to determine the real age of horses based on changes occurring on the incisors should be modified in order to consider the specificity of the course of growth and maturation processes of horses of various types and breeds.

"Exposed and Vulnerable": Parent Reports of Their Child's Experience of Multidisciplinary Craniofacial Consultations.

Childhood is a period of extensive socioemotional development, which can be impacted by the presence of a congenital craniofacial anomaly (CFA). Complex multidisciplinary treatment and long-term follow-up are normally required, yet understanding of children's treatment experiences is limited. The objective of this study was to investigate children's experiences of multidisciplinary team (MDT) consultations from the perspective of their parents. Thirty-eight parents of children with a rare CFA were interviewed in person or over the telephone. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, translated into English, and explored using thematic analysis. Background factors influencing the child's experience of the consultation included age, developmental stage, personality, and prior treatment experiences. Participants tried to prepare their child for meeting the MDT, but did not fully understand what to expect themselves. During consultations, participants were acutely focused on their child's emotional state, making it difficult to balance their desire to protect the child from potentially negative experiences, and the need to engage in a constructive dialogue with health professionals. Participants believed that health professionals' conduct could considerably influence the child's well-being and subsequent treatment decisions. Finally, participants highlighted the need to debrief their child to help them adjust positively. The ultimate goal of craniofacial care is to help children develop into confident adults who are able to cope with the challenges associated with their condition. Multidisciplinary teams play a vital role in creating a safe and supportive environment in which children feel genuinely informed and involved in key aspects of their care.

Development of Rose Bengal test against mallein test for rapid diagnosis of equine glanders.

Burkholderia mallei, the etiologic agent of the disease known as glanders. Clinical and bacteriological diagnosis of glanders is difficult in the early stages of the disease. Currently, mallein (allergic hypersensitivity test) is used for the diagnosis of glanders. The mallein test requires an experienced laboratory person and lasts 48h. Therefore, in order to quickly diagnose the disease, especially in areas (such as the borders of the country) that cannot be kept animals, new methods should be used to identify the disease. The Rose Bengal is a serological diagnostic test and has been recommended by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). In this study, the Rose Bengal test (RBT) was evaluated for the diagnosis of equine glanders, and its diagnostic was compared with mallein test. Sera from 70 naturally infected culture-positive horses, 3 equines that were sensitized by injecting antigen and 110 healthy equines were tested. Specificity and sensitivity of RBT and mallein test when testing culture-positive equines were calculated. Diagnosis of glanders with both methods yield the same results, but Rose Bengal test is much faster than mallein test for diagnosis of equine glanders. By comparative RBT with mallein test, it can be considered, RBT test has been used for rapid detection of glanders with features such as, ease of use and can be applicable without specialized equipment and trained personnel. Because the RBT is simpler and rapid to perform, the inclusion of the test as a supplementary test for the diagnosis of glanders in field conditions is recommended.

The use of digital legacies with people affected by motor neurone disease for continuing bonds: An interpretative phenomenological analysis study

Background: Motor neurone disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease without cure. Little is known about how young people are affected when a family member has the illness and subsequently dies, resulting in a gap in understanding of how best to support them. One psychotherapeutic approach involves creating a legacy to pass onto the young person, but little research has investigated the use of an emerging format, digital legacies, where videos document a person’s life, memories and achievements. Aim: To investigate the views, perceptions and experiences of digital legacies with people affected by motor neurone disease. Design: A qualitative study underpinned by interpretative phenomenological analysis. Setting/participants: People living with motor neurone disease (n = 4) and bereaved young people (n = 3) in the United Kingdom. Open-ended interviews were conducted in person. Ethical approval was granted by a University ethics committee. Results: Five key themes emerged exemplifying mutual challenges and benefits for people with motor neurone disease and bereaved young people. Creating a digital legacy provides a sense of purpose for people with motor neurone disease and a way to convey personality and life experiences. Bereaved young people can modify disease-related memories of the person and gain comfort from hearing and seeing videos. Conclusion: This study expands the existing continuing bonds model of grief to include an ‘autobiographical chapter’, creating ‘The Model of Reciprocal Bonds Formation’.

Validation of a qualitative behaviour score during the capture phase of stray dogs

There are no studies on the capture phase of stray dogs, although this can be very stressful and have a significant impact on dogs’ welfare. In this preliminary study, we propose a simple qualitative evaluation system of the dog’s behaviour during the capture phase. The assessments of the Animal Control Officers (ACO) were compared with qualitative and quantitative evaluations carried out by two Testers to verify their reliability and validity. The agreements and correlation analysis showed that the qualitative score of the Testers was reliable and valid. Conversely, the scores attributed by the ACO were not in agreement and not consistent with the behavioural observations of the Testers. These results suggest that the ACO did not have the necessary familiarity with behavioural assessments. It should also be considered that the Testers made their observations in a different context, and the dog can react differently to different stressors according to his personality and past experiences. In conclusion, the qualitative assessments during the capture phase require implementations and further investigations.

Affective dynamics in bipolar spectrum psychopathology: Modeling inertia, reactivity, variability, and instability in daily life

BackgroundBipolar psychopathology is characterized by affective dysregulation independent of mood episodes. However, previous research has relied on laboratory-based emotion-eliciting tasks or retrospective questionnaires that do not take into account temporal dynamics of affect. Thus, the present study examined affective dynamics (reactivity, variability, instability, and inertia) of low and high arousal negative affect (NA) and positive affect (PA) in daily life in those at risk for bipolar psychopathology. MethodsUndergraduates (n = 135) completed the Hypomanic Personality Scale and experience sampling surveys assessing affective experiences 8 times daily for 7 days. ResultsHPS scores were associated with greater reactivity of NA when experiencing negative or stressful events, variability of NA (high and low arousal) and PA (high arousal), and instability of NA and PA (high and low arousal) in daily life. HPS scores were associated with a high probability of acute increases in NA and PA and were unassociated with levels of inertia. LimitationsThis study only examined short-term dynamics over 7 days. Future studies should model both short- and long-term dynamics and whether these dynamics predict behavioral outcomes. ConclusionsThese results provide evidence that bipolar spectrum psychopathology is characterized by reactivity of NA as well as variability, instability, and acute increases in NA and PA in daily life over-and-above mean levels of affect. Modeling affective dynamics may provide context-relevant information about the course and trajectory of bipolar spectrum psychopathology and should facilitate the use of experience sampling methodology to study and intervene in mood lability in patients with bipolar disorders.

A theory on individual characteristics of successful coding challenge solvers.

BackgroundAssessing a software engineer’s ability to solve algorithmic programming tasks has been an essential part of technical interviews at some of the most successful technology companies for several years now. We do not know to what extent individual characteristics, such as personality or programming experience, predict the performance in such tasks. Decision makers’ unawareness of possible predictor variables has the potential to bias hiring decisions which can result in expensive false negatives as well as in the unintended exclusion of software engineers with actually desirable characteristics.MethodsWe conducted an exploratory quantitative study with 32 software engineering students to develop an empirical theory on which individual characteristics predict the performance in solving coding challenges. We developed our theory based on an established taxonomy framework by Gregor (2006).ResultsOur findings show that the better coding challenge solvers also have better exam grades and more programming experience. Furthermore, conscientious as well as sad software engineers performed worse in our study. We make the theory available in this paper for empirical testing.DiscussionThe theory raises awareness to the influence of individual characteristics on the outcome of technical interviews. Should the theory find empirical support in future studies, hiring costs could be reduced by selecting appropriate criteria for preselecting candidates for on-site interviews and potential bias in hiring decisions could be reduced by taking suitable measures.

Discussion on Positive Effects for Students’ Moral Development from Integrating Mentors and Doctoral Students into One Party Branch

The word “mentor” comes from the Odyssey by the Greek poet Homer. Odyssey entrusted his friend Mentor to care for and educate his son, Telemachus.The word “mentor” later refers to a trustworthy advisor, counsellor and friend.A mentoring relationship has been defined as a “nurturing process in which a more skilled or experienced person, serving as a role model, teaches, sponsors, encourages, counsels and befriends a less skilled or less experienced person” (Anderson &amp; Shannon, 1988). This paper mainly focuses on how to successfully mentor the doctoral students through the integration of mentors and doctoral students into one party branch.

Is Trustworthiness Important in a Doctoral Mentor? Toward a Theory of Tough Love Mentoring

Aim/Purpose: Doctoral education faces a serious problem: many students across the country begin the degree, but never graduate. However, effective mentoring can help students attain graduation, signaling their successful transformation to scholar. We believe the power of the mentor to bring about the transformation from student to scholar has to do with the quality of the relationship between mentor and protégé. In particular, we believe this relationship is most effective if it is characterized by the mentor’s tough love. Our purpose in this study was to interview mentors who are considered effective, to learn their thoughts on the importance of trust relationships, and to learn their ways in nurturing these relationships. Background: A mentor is a senior, more experienced person who guides a junior, less experienced person (in this context, a doctoral student). The role of the mentor is to provide guidance, modeling, technical support, personal support, and psychosocial support. In this paper, we sought to put forth a theory to explain the kinds of behaviors and attitudes that would characterize an effective mentor. The theory, called tough love theory, is a merger between parenting theory and trust theory. According to tough love theory, mentors who are benevolent, competent, honest, reliable, and demanding will bring about optimal growth of students. Methodology: We conducted semi-structured interviews of 21 effective mentors of doctoral students representing seven universities across the United States. We conducted conventional and summative content analysis of the qualitative data. Contribution: This study contributes new insights to guide a doctoral mentor on ways to develop a relationship with a protégé that will provide a catalyst for growth. Findings: The findings were consistent with tough love theory. Moreover, an emergent theme of the research was the dynamic nature of the mentor–protégé relationship, whereby the dependent student transforms into an autonomous, independent scholar. Recommendations for Practitioners: We recommend that doctoral mentors become tough love mentors, i.e., mentors who are trustworthy and who possess high standards. Recommendation for Researchers: These findings have implications for the development of mentor relations theory. Specifically, we identified the following characteristics that effective mentors believed to be necessary for protégé success: trustworthiness and high standards. Impact on Society: We believe the characteristics of effective mentors may generalize to doctoral study in other disciplines, such as the sciences and the arts. We also believe the characteristics of effective mentors may generalize to other contexts, such as business. Future Research: We encourage future researchers to test the tough love mentoring theory with quantitative data.

Examining the service value chain of hypermarket retail brand value in Malaysia

Understanding the behaviour of shoppers in hypermarket retailing has become crucial to discover the new potential to enhance the existing shopping experience. This research focuses on how the hypermarket retail brand value is built through the available service facilities by looking at the experience of shoppers and brand personality through a quantitative cross-sectional study. Based on structural equation modelling analysis, it is found that the shopping experience can be stimulated based on the available hypermarket services that are available in the hypermarket. This, indirectly, can also enhance the overall brand personality and brand value of the hypermarket retail brand. The key factor in developing hypermarket brand value is emphasising the service facilities that are provided in the hypermarket. The strength of the basics and the enhancement of the service facilities will influence the positive shopping experience and brand personality, which will provide a high return for the brand value. The findings are expected to provide insights for researchers and practitioners concerning the service value chain of hypermarket retail brand value.