Experience Of Love Research Articles

“Brothers Karamazov” and “The Dream of a Ridiculous Man” (on the Issue of Auto-Intertextuality of the Late Dostoevsky)

Until now, it has not been noticed that Dostoevsky’s “fantastic story” “The Dream of a Ridiculous Man” (1877), in latent form, contains almost all the central themes of the novel “The Brothers Karamazov” (1878-1880). With his indifference to the fate of other people, the hero of “The Dream of a Ridiculous Man” resembles Ivan Karamazov. Moreover, unlike “The Dream of a Ridiculous Man”, Dostoevsky’s latest novel traces in detail how the intellectual hero inadvertently infects with the idea that “everything is allowed”, the representative of the “simple consciousness” – Smerdyakov, and what catastrophic consequences this leads to. This, as it were, foreshadows the thought of Elder Zosima about the meaning of “the experience of active love”. Finally, the kinship of the “ridiculous man” with Alyosha Karamazov, which is also perceived by many in the novel as “an eccentric” and even a “holy fool”, is striking. Thus, in “The Dream of a Ridiculous Man” one might recognize a kind of artistic and ideological kernel of the “Brothers Karamazov”. By helping to clarify the meaning of the final work of Dostoevsky, his “fantastic story”, through this comparison, becomes clearer for us in itself. In this respect, the story can serve as a starting point for a scholarly interpretation of the novel.

ФИЛОСОФСКО-ТЕОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ РЕЦЕПЦИЯ Н. БЕРДЯЕВЫМ ИДЕЙ СИМЕОНА НОВОГО БОГОСЛОВА

The article discusses how Nikolai Berdyaev elaborates his conception of Godman based on mystical texts of Symeon the New Theologian. The article demonstrates that one can find the roots of Berdyaev's personalism in Byzantine theology with its explored theory of deification. An interesting point of this theory is an idea that a person transcends their own individual constrains becoming a Christ - Godman with their specific personality (hypostasis). The author focuses mainly on two main works by Berdyaev: The Philosophy of Free Spirit and The Meaning of the Creative Act. These books contain the most significant points of Berdyaev's thought on personality and creative freedom. Since Berdyaev cites Byzantine theologians, the author concentrates on Symeon the New Theologian, whom Berdyaev most frequently mentions. The choice is also supported by historical research of Russian intellectual trends in the early twentieth century, in which Symeon was quite an influential person. The author also notices the heritage of the famous Russian patrologist I. Popov, who could have an impact on the Russian philosophical tradition and on Berdyaev's thought particularly. As a leading method, hermeneutics with elements of historical-philosophical analysis is applied. First, the author examines the issue of Byzantine heritage translation into Russian in the early twentieth century. She learns that, at the time Berdyaev published his two main books, two translations of Symeon were more than assimilated by Russian readers - his Hymns and Epistles. The author emphasizes Berdyaev's interest in fragments of Symeon's texts on a bodily transformation of a person who experiences the process of deification, God's grace and love. The study revealed differences between the Byzantine theory of deification and Berdyaev's understanding of it. Whereas Symeon speaks about divine fear and love as a whole, Berdyaev insists on the feeling of love, withdrawing fear as a negative emotion. The author traces Berdyaev's line of argumentation, which is based on the existential personalist idea of relations between two or more equal participants. Berdyaev presents God as the other, who can feel anger or sorrow, or craving for the lover (man). Berdyaev understands divine fear as an Old Testament's characteristic which Jesus Christ, who symbolized the idea of equality between God and Man, overcame. On the contrary, according to the official dogmatic line of the Eastern Church, man should feel fear in front of God due to their different ontological statuses. Consequently, the mystical experience of love is more complicated than Berdyeav's one. The article strengthens the difference between these two conceptions by analyzing the Russian translation of Symeon's Epistles, which also differs from the original. The article demonstrates the divergences between Symeon the New Theologian's and Nikolai Berdyaev's conceptions of God-human relations.

A Tragic Venus. Idolatry, Desire and Suffering in “The Planter of Malata” by Joseph Conrad

The article is devoted to the analysis of the modern experience of love, to which the entire narrative of the Planter of Malata has been devoted. The modern approach to the subject will be understood here as the penetration of the sacred sphere into the domain of the profane. Thanks to this mechanism, it becomes possible to create the expression of an indirect, confused, quasi-sacred experience. Conrad’s protagonist thus sees a woman in terms of “sanctity,” which will be interpreted in terms of “modern idolatry” (J.-L. Marion), eliminating any distance between the worshiper and the object of worship. The main scope of the analyses will concern the consequences that result from the starting point established in this way. Conrad’s text confirms the assumption that “pain is a sign and a means of contact with the divine” (D. Morris), but at the same time indicates many levels at which this process takes place.

Performatism as the Overcoming of Postmodernism

The article maintains that Russian culture since the late 1990s has turned away from postmodernism and has entered a new, post-postmodern era that the author calls performatism. The main strategy of performatism is to compel belief using formal means (per formam). This belief takes place in an independent esthetic realm apart from any religious rituals or institutions. In theory, performatism operates within narrative by creating closed spaces in which positive identifications take place and give arise to experiences of love, transcendence, beauty, sincerity etc. These positive identifications in turn ward off postmodern irony. The article shows in concrete terms how performatism works by examining in detail five of its major strategies. These include double framing (creating closed spaces in a narrative), the stylization of a radically separated subject and a mediator, the empowerment of that subject, the development of an ethics of transgression, and the use of ostensive signs. These are exemplified by the works of such well-known contemporary Russian writers and filmmakers as Victor Pelevin, Evgeniy Grishkovets, Alexander Ilichevsky, Zakhar Prilepin, Andrey Zvyagintsev, Andrey Konchalovsky and others. The article also delves into the limitations of posthistorical (postmodern) thinking, which treats cultural artifacts exclusively in terms of their place in a spatial context and ignores their relations to one another in time (diachrony).

Quantas vidas tem Camões? Sobrevidas rasurantes e representações do amor homoerótico na ficção de Frederico Lourenço

O artigo propõe uma leitura do conto de Frederico Lourenço – ficcionista, tradutor, investigador e professor da Universidade de Coimbra –, “O retrato de Camões” (2005, de A formosa pintura do mundo). Na obra, Camões é revisitado e ganha sobrevidas rasurantes, na medida em que se torna eixo primordial para uma reflexão detida sobre as formas de amor que não se coadunam com as normas heteronormativas, em virtude de um homoerotismo presente, ora explícito, ora sutil. Pretende-se pensar de que forma a personagem camoniana, nos seus deslocamentos da condição de mito para uma condição humana, tal qual sublinha Eduardo Lourenço (1999), contribui para refletir sobre as múltiplas possibilidades de ser e estar no mundo do homem português do século XXI a partir de uma experiência amorosa outra, que ousa dizer o seu nome.

"Un conejo dos conejos / tres conejos con el alba", la canción popular y el itinerario en Los pasos del cazador

En esta contribución se estudia la influencia de la lírica tradicional y de la canción popular en la génesis y en el desarrollo de algunos de los poemas de Los pasos del cazador (1980). Se parte del análisis del volumen como un itinerario en el que cada texto representa un hito en el camino del yo poético, un cazador que va exponiendo sus vivencias cinegéticas y amorosas a través de la reescritura de temas, géneros y motivos recurrentes en la tradición lírica española más antigua. Las versiones no publicadas de los poemas analizados son textos manuscritos y mecanogra"ados conservados en la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, en el Fondo José Agustín Goytisolo.

Eventos hirientes, amor compasivo y calidad de vida en parejas con cardiopatía

Debido a que la relación de pareja es un vínculo significativo, es comprensible que cuando uno de los miembros padece una enfermedad cardiaca, entren en juego variables positivas y negativas, como los eventos hirientes (EH) y el amor compasivo; los cuales impactan la calidad de vida de la pareja. Por ello, los objetivos fueron: 1) Explorar diferencias en la calidad de vida entre personas con cardiopatía y sus parejas, 2) Examinar diferencias en la experiencia de EH, el amor compasivo y la calidad de vida en función del sexo, y 3) Analizar la relación de la experiencia de EH y el amor compasivo con la calidad de vida. Se trabajó con 204 parejas mexicanas de 18 a 88 años, de los cuales 216 (105 mujeres, 111 hombres) padecían alguna cardiopatía. La batería estuvo conformada por: 1) Escala de Estado de Salud Mental y Física SF-36, 2) Escala de Amor Compasivo y 3) Batería de Eventos Hirientes. Para ello se realizaron pruebas U de Mann-Whitney y análisis de correlación de Spearman. Los resultados muestran diferencias entre la pareja respecto a la salud, mientras que las mujeres indican mayores afectaciones a partir de un EH, así como mayores limitaciones físicas debido a problemas emocionales y de salud. Finalmente, los hallazgos confirman la relación de los EH y el amor compasivo con la calidad de vida, con mayores afectaciones en los pacientes. Estos resultados fueron discutidos según la teoría en donde resalta la interacción de las variables trabajadas en parejas con una enfermedad crónica.

A Study on Pride and Prejudice from the Perspective of Social Psychology

Pride and Prejudice is one of Jane Austen’s early work. The novel mainly describes different love experiences of five daughters in the Bennet’s family, and shows the daily life in England’s townships from the late 18th to early 19th. Social psychology is usually used as an approach to analyze the psychological activities and behaviors via the analysis of the character’s cognitive pattern, family background and social influence. This article employs Social Psychology Theory to analyze the psychological behavior of Darcy and Elizabeth from the perspective of the first meeting, acquaintance, and love. Besides, the possible reasons that results in the facts of misunderstanding also is the concern of this article. Through the related reasons that made the changes in their attitudes, the answer is social psychology is the keynote that leads to the wrong personal interaction and a fine interpersonal communication.

A experiência amorosa como rito de passagem dentro do processo de individuação feminino

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo refletir sobre a experiência amorosa tal como ela é vivida pelas mulheres, ressaltando essa trajetória como um processo único e de grande importância no desenvolvimento da psique feminina. A escolha por analisar especificamente a experiência amorosa feminina partiu do pressuposto de que ela se dá de forma diferente daquela do desenvolvimento masculino. Na mulher, o amor configura-se como um rito iniciático que a coloca na jornada da individuação, já o homem, no decorrer de seu desenvolvimento, depara-se com outras formas de iniciação. A pesquisa aqui desenvolvida investigou de que forma a experiência amorosa serve como rito de passagem para o caminho de individuação feminino, explorando mais precisamente o sofrimento enquanto marca principal desse rito de passagem. A partir do mito de Eros e Psiquê, analisou-se o caminho percorrido pela mulher na descoberta de si mesma, considerando o sofrimento experimentado no decorrer do processo como necessário e facilitador do encontro com o animus, o que, consequentemente, contribui para o processo de tomada de consciência e para a busca autônoma da individuação feminina.

Russian Elders: Aesthetics of Good-Imaged Beauty

Introduction. The paper substantiates the application of aesthetic characteristics to the examination of the image of Russian elders. It is proposed to move away from the traditional understanding of aesthetics only as a philosophy of art and beauty and consider it as a knowledge of the unique expressiveness of the essence of a sensually perceived phenomenon. The position is put forward that the phenomenal image of a person is a consequence of his lifestyle, and the image of the Russian elders, given the special way of their existence, is characterized by its original aesthetics of good-imaged beauty.Methodology and sources. The author shows the interaction and interconnectedness of the “external” and “internal” in the human image. To do this, we study the substantial proximity of the ancient phenomenon of kalocagathy and the Christian phenomenon of good-imaged, each of which, however, embodies a fundamentally different understanding of man (cosmological-plastic and personality-visual). The author emphasizes the fundamental for Orthodox anthropology and mysticism understanding of light in Hesychasm and the unity of Truth, Love and Beauty. The provision of P. A. Florensky, that the revealed truth is love, and the realized love is beauty. The general methodological basis of the work is a philosophical-anthropological, phenomenological and culturalhermeneutical attitude in the study of the aesthetics of the human image on the example of the beautiful beauty of the Russian elders.Results and discussion. The phenomenon of elderity is considered in the broad context of Orthodox and especially Russian history and culture, for which it is recognized in the most important archetypal type. Its main components and specific characteristics are considered. Particularly emphasizes the role in its occurrence and development of St. Nile of Sora and St. Paisiya Velichkovsky. The image of the Russian elder is regarded as an authentic embodiment of the practical implementation of the Orthodox mysticism of love, light and beauty. The special importance of the visual image of a person in Russian culture is emphasized. Based on the material of a wide appeal to the history of Russian senility, especially the XIX–XX centuries, a special type of spiritual asceticism, anthropology and educational communication is revealed. Defined by the experience of constant love, the image of the noble beauty of the elders (such as, for example, Leo, Macarius, Ambrose Optinsky) is recognized in Orthodoxy as a living icon of God, the ability is recognized through its visual perception to transform and improve people, and characteristic evidence is recalled about the effects of aesthetics this beautiful beauty.Conclusion. At the end of the paper, the author explores the specific nature of the perception of Russian elders, highlighting the visual and aesthetic component of this perception and emphasizing the importance of the beauty of their spiritual and phenomenal well-being as an aesthetic embodiment of love for people.

Sufi Symbol as Gap, Metaphor as Clue

Abstract This article introduces an approach to analyzing the way in which figurative language interfaces with cognitive, cultural, and spiritual experience in the symbols employed by the Sufis to express their love of God. It relies on the Cognitive Linguistic Approach to reveal the relationship between the Sufis’ thoughts about God, secular language of love, and the idea of divine love. Through a case study analysis of the symbols of love in Ibn ʿArabī’s poetry, the two chief undertakings here are: first, to argue that thoughts and feelings of human love inspired the Sufis to express their ideas about their experience of divine love through secular symbols that create gaps of indeterminacy in their poems, and second, to explain, using Conceptual Metaphor Theory, how these gaps can be closed through mappings of the Sufi symbols, as parts of the target domain of divine love, onto the source domain of secular love.

Factors Associated with Psychological Health Issues in Diploma Nursing Students: A Cross-sectional Study

Psychological health is the expression of harmonic, expression of human personality, and is often disrupted by multiple factors. The aim of this study is to assess psychological health status and its associated factors among diploma nursing students. A cross-sectional study design was employed. The sample comprised 542 nursing students attending this anonymous survey by completed The Symptom Checklist 90 questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were attempted to analyze overall data. The positive rate of psychological symptoms of diploma nursing students is 20.9%; the total score of SCL-90 and the scores of each factor are higher than the national norm; grade, personality, number of friends, parenting style, love experience. Whether single children and physical exercise are influential main factors of the mental health status of diploma nursing students. The contribution of Emotional Intelligence and Spirituality are crucial to the acquisition of well-being, happiness and meaning in life.

Psychological Wellbeing During the Global COVID-19 Outbreak

Around the globe, people are living under the threat of the COVID-19 pandemic, and many are experiencing curtailed opportunities for sustainable livelihoods and real-world social interactions. These conditions present a significant challenge to wellbeing1,2 and it is therefore essential to examine the factors associated with psychological wellbeing during this pandemic and other collective crises3. Here, we used survey data collected from 26,684 participants in 51 countries from 17 April to 15 May 2020 to examine the individual and societal factors that predict the degree of individuals’ suffering or thriving during the COVID-19 outbreak. We show that wellbeing is linked to an individual’s recent experiences of specific momentary positive and negative emotions, including calm, loneliness, love, and determination, as well as socioeconomic status. Around the world, calm, connection, and control were found to be central to wellbeing during the COVID-19 outbreak. The results are consistent with findings from two representative samples using pre-registered analyses, and a prospective 30-day daily diary study. Our findings highlight differential relationships between socio-affective processes and wellbeing during collective crises, and point to the importance of momentary experiences of calm, love and determination, particularly for those in less privileged positions in society.Funding Statement: This research was supported by ERC Starting grant 714977 awarded to D.A.S.Declaration of Interests: The authors have no competing interests to declare.Ethics Approval Statement: The study received approval from the University of Amsterdam Department of Psychology Ethics Committee and all participants provided digital informed consent.

Cannabis as entheogen: survey and interview data on the spiritual use of cannabis

BackgroundWhile cannabis has a long history of spiritual use, its normalization in Western societies during the last decades has led to more recreational use. This study aimed to explore the characteristics of spiritual cannabis use as compared to recreational use and to the use of psychedelics such as LSD and psilocybin.MethodsThe study employed a mixed methods research design that involved both qualitative interviews and a quantitative survey. Participants in interviews (N = 29) were recruited at various online fora for individual interviews via private messaging, and were queried in depth about their use of entheogens such as psilocybin, LSD, and DMT in spiritual contexts. The Cannabis and Psychedelics User Survey (CPUS) was constructed on the basis of the reports from these interviews, and recruited 319 participants (median age 33; 81% male) from seven different online communities. The online survey consisted of three main sections, with the first asking about demographics, personality, current and past affiliation to spiritual or religious traditions, and non-psychedelic drug use, and the second and third sections containing questions about motivations for, experience with, and consequences of cannabis and psychedelics use. The main statistical analyses used were multivariate linear and logistic regression analysis, which identified the effect from having a spiritual motivation for cannabis use on various aspects of the cannabis experience while controlling for a range of demographic, personality, and drug use variables.ResultsRespondents differentiated clearly between the use of psychedelics and cannabis. Their use of the psychedelic drug they chose for the survey was restricted to a median of 1–10 use occasions per year, and 69% of participants endorsed having a spiritual motivation for use. Cannabis, on the other hand, was used a median of 51–100 times per year, and 25% of participants endorsed having a spiritual motivation for use. This minority of spiritual cannabis users differed significantly from non-spiritual users in how they approached cannabis use and in the type of experiences their use gave rise to. In multivariate logistic regression models, spiritual motivation was a significant predictor (p < .05) of experiences of insight, connectedness, joy, love, and unity with transcendent forces.ConclusionsThe study found evidence of a group of spiritual cannabis users who tended to regard cannabis as an entheogen. These spiritual cannabis users had a different mode of engagement with cannabis than recreational users, and reported cannabis experiences that in some aspects resembled experiences with psychedelics. Recent research has not given much attention to spiritual aspects of cannabis use, but the study indicates that spiritually motivated use remains prevalent and deserves further study.

Brian Mac Cuarta SJ Henry Piers's Continental Travels, 1595-1598 (review)

with others. The others (and ourselves) are in turn recognised as the unique centres of value that they are, whose good ought to be willed by us in our relation to them. This is evident in the teacher/student relationship discussed by Turner, in the treatment of patients by medical professionals discussed by O’Carroll, and the other interpersonal contexts noted in the papers by MacIntyre and Hederman. Insofar as this collection is inspired by the work of Masterson and offered in honour of him, it is appropriate that it ends with an autobiographical sketch. Masterson gives us an account of his philosophical work through the years, and in doing so he comes back to the notion of love and the relationship of one beloved to the other. This is quite fitting since the account of personal transcendence noted in the previous paragraph has it that the other person with whom we are in relation is a unique centre of value in which case the normative condition for any relation to another person is one of willing their good and not instrumentalising him or her for our own goods. That then entails that all interpersonal relationships must be characterised by love of the other as the unique good that the other is. Masterson touchingly relates this to his relationship with his wife and her passing. He explores how this love that he has (not had, for it is ongoing) is an abiding reality, despite the death of the beloved. This love is not just a memory of his beloved, nor is it illusory; rather it is a desire of the heart just as real in the absence of the beloved as in her presence. Masterson finishes by locating this experience of love in a loving God to Whom one belongs as beloved. This is an excellent volume and I would thoroughly recommend it for anyone interested in the issues treated therein. The papers were all diverse in the topics covered, but united in the common consideration of transcendence. One can read each paper individually, or one can read the whole volume from start to finish; either way there is no loss of intelligibility, and I commend O’Rourke for constructing the volume so that it can be read in either way. Ciphers of Transcendence treats us to a broad spectrum of views, all of which are worthy of contemporary philosophical treatment, and is a fine addition to the field. Dr Gaven Kerr lectures in Philosophy at St Patrick’s College Maynooth. His Aquinas and the Metaphysics of Creation was published by Oxford University Press in 2019. Studies • volume 109 • number 435 352 Autumn 2020: Book Reviews Brian Mac Cuarta SJ (ed.), Henry Piers’s Continental Travels, 1595–1598. Camden Fifth Series, 54 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press for the Royal Historical Society, 2018), xiii, 238 pages. An overland journey from Ireland to Rome was a rare enough experience in 1595. Henry Piers’s initial expedition, with one travelling companion, was a three-month adventure enlivened by many cultural highlights, interspersed with occasional life-threatening episodes. It was certainly worth writing about, and the full text of his narrative, now published in a scholarly edition by Brian Mac Cuarta SJ, is well worth reading. Henry Piers embarked on the journey, almost on impulse it would seem, to accompany an English Catholic friend, Philip Draycott, who had decided to study for the priesthood at the English College in Rome. On arrival in the Holy City, after some uncertainty they were entertained as pilgrims at the college. Later, having formally converted to Catholicism, Henry was admitted as a lay member, on the basis of his English parentage. In comparison with the step-by-step account he gives of his journey, Henry Piers’s two-year sojourn as an Irish-born layman in the English College in Rome is dealt with quite briefly. His observations provide insights into the internal politics of the college at a time of upheaval, but the Roman section of his story concentrates mainly on the wider world of ecclesial Rome, allowing us to see the Renaissance city through the eyes of a recent convert to Catholicism. Even though mediated in...

A Biographical Novel of the Spanish Civil War: Lydie Salvayre's Pas pleurer (2014)

This article focuses on the biographical novel, Pas pleurer (2014) and the author Lydie Salvayre’s development of two diametrically opposed experiences of the Spanish civil war. Pas pleurer deploys the author’s parallel engagement with Montse, Salvayre’s mother, and with Georges Bernanos through a reading and commentary of the polemical essay, Les Grands Cimetières sous la lune. Biographical material provides the ground for intersecting narratives: on the one hand, the Bernanos intertext with its keen analysis of the complicity of secular and religious institutions to maintain control of Spain through terrorism and violence reverberates throughout and finds its echo in the tragic story of Montse’s older brother José. Set against this is the adolescent Montse’s encounter with the dramatic social revolution underway in the Catalan city and her life-altering experience of passionate love, the memory of which remains intact and luminous despite age and disease. Examining both n arratives highlights the act of resistance at the heart of the novel and captured by its title.

Tożsamość kapłańska według Jana Pawła II

Tajemnica powołania jest zawsze odczytaniem relacji, w której sam Bóg zwraca się do człowieka i oczekuje od niego wspaniałomyślnej odpowiedzi. To spotkanie i dialog jest rodzeniem ku wspólnocie wiary, która obejmuje ludzi otwartych na realizm codziennej rzeczywistości i na wieczność Bożych przeznaczeń. Dar kapłaństwa służebnego staje się szczególnym narzędziem dla Kościoła, w którym głoszenie słowa i sprawowanie sakramentów wiodą do autentycznego i osobistego spotkania z Bogiem. Kapłan odpowiadając na wezwanie do służby Bożej, aby nieść Kościołowi skarb w „glinianym naczyniu” swojej egzystencji, staje się świadkiem wierności. W sakramencie święceń zostaje wyposażony, aby umiejętnie i skutecznie dzielić się „darem i tajemnicą”, w których dokonuje się osobiste spotkanie z Bogiem i w nowy sposób rodzi się odpowiedzialność za wspólnotę Kościoła. Doświadczenie miłości i miłosierdzia bierze się z Eucharystii, która jest centrum życia kapłańskiego. To tutaj znajdzie się zaspokojenie ludzkich pragnień i umocnienie w sytuacjach kryzysowych. Kapłan rozwija się i umacnia na drodze miłości do Kościoła; na drodze naśladowania Chrystusowej Matki.

The Experience of Coexistence and Love: A Critical Study of Al-Muqri’s The Handsome Jew

This study aims at exploring issue of coexistence and love in Yemeni society in the seventeenth century represented in Al- Muqri’s The Handsome Jew by the prominent characters Fatima, a Muslim, and Salem, a Jew. The experience of coexistence is still controversial that has not received enough study in the light of the complexities that are involved in understanding the reasons of violence, social and religious conflicts in order to accept the culture and ideas of the other. The objective of the study is to show how this issue affects Muslim- Jewish women and men in a city that opens its doors for all people. Coexistence theory has often shed light on the language and practice of living together and love stories between Muslim women and Jewish boys and vice versa that stemmed from the social, cultural and religious coexistent in Yemeni society. Al-Muqri’s novel depicts Muslim-Jewish love relation in a way that counters religious and conventional ideas. It is concluded that Ali Al-Muqri addresses the issues of tolerant and peaceful love of human beings that transcends religion, sects and classes. In this sense, he tries hardly to consolidate not only his views, but also all views about the values of cultural, religious and social tolerance and coexistence away from stereotypes, intolerance, racial discrimination and ideological hatred that leave nothing, but destruction to all of humanity.

Więź małżeńska jako doświadczanie miłości w ujęciu chrześcijańskim

Living love is the most human and universal experience. Love is a complex, multi‐faceted, psychological and spiritual reality. It is a universal and timeless value. It is associated with the greatest human need to be loved and the desire to love. Therefore, in the integral development of a person, love is the most important factor that shapes and integrates his/her personality. The essence of love is unchangeable, but the ways of experiencing and expressing it are very different. The development of conjugal love requires the growth of a marital bond. It is thanks to it that it is possible for two people to be united in love. A marital bond constitutes an essential element which integrates and shapes the multifaceted area of marital relationship, interaction and communication.Nowadays, in an era of consumerism and a lifestyle based more on civil partnerships, it can be seen that love and marriage are not treated as the values, they are often even spoken of with shame. Therefore, the aim of the article is to present theoretical issues related to the experience of love in a Christian perspective, especially from the perspective of a marital bond. Taking into account the complexity of this issue, only selected aspects will be shown. The various contexts of love and the experience of marital love will be discussed. The essence and value of the marital bond will be shown, as well as the aspect of developing the ability to love in the process of human education.

What’s love got to do with it? “Love” and alcohol use among U.S. Indigenous peoples: Aligning research with real-world experiences

ABSTRACT This research examines how Indigenous families report experiences of love (a component of family resilience) and its association with the urgent health disparity of alcohol abuse. This exploratory mixed-methods study first identified emergent results from qualitative data (n = 436), which were then explored with follow-up quantitative data (n = 127) from a sample of Indigenous families in two Southeastern tribes. Love was a highly salient qualitative theme and component of family resilience. Quantitative results revealed cross-generational changes in family resilience, which were negatively associated with alcohol use. Current families may be transcending the effects of historical oppression by expressing love and family resilience.