Expectations Of Tourists Research Articles

Achieving sustainable competitiveness of tourism dynamics with resource-based view

PurposeThis research aims to model the existing system of destination competitiveness, identifies leverage points and develop revised model to achieve sustainable competitiveness.Design/methodology/approachSystem dynamics is used as method of modeling destination competitiveness. Structure of model utilizes 9-factor model as reference. Leverage points are identified using system archetypes. Revised model is built with resource-based view (RBV). Case study was conducted in Samosir, Toba Lake. Data used are secondary data and results of in-depth interviews.FindingsThere are 3 sub-systemic characteristics (archetypes) that hinder competitiveness. They are limit to growth quality gap, fix that fails infrastructure and promotion, tragedy of common lake pollution. Destination was unable to meet tourist expectations. Tourists spending decreased, demand size was small. Industries are unable to increase capabilities. Professionals, entrepreneurs, local workers, supporting industries are less interested in entering industry. Government policies do not match with destination's needs. Lake as main attraction is getting polluted. To achieve sustainable competitiveness, destination must utilize their valuable, rare and inimitable (VRI) resources and capabilities to design unique experiences for tourists, hence sustainable.Practical implicationsGovernment policy should be shifted to prioritizing development of valuable, rare, inimitable and well-organized resources and capabilities of destination, to produce unique tourist experience and achieve sustainable competitiveness.Originality/valueMethods and findings, combining system dynamics, system archetype, 9-factor model and RBV to achieve sustainable competitiveness is novel and can enrich tourism sustainable competitiveness theory/concept.

Planning of Gastronomic Tourism Destinations in Balikpapan City

Planning the development of food-related tourist destinations often ignores the expectations of tourists themselves. This phenomenon almost occurs in various regions in Indonesia, especially in Balikpapan City. The purpose of this study is to analyze the planning of gastronomic tourism destinations from the tourists' perspective. This research was conducted using a descriptive survey method to determine the expectations of tourists visiting Manggar Beach in Balikpapan City regarding the gastronomic aspect. Data collection was carried out in April–June 2022 using an online questionnaire (google form), which was distributed to 117 respondents. The results of data collection were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 descriptively (frequency, arithmetic mean, and standard deviation). The scale of validity and reliability was measured. Research findings show that the gastronomy offered by culinary centers is less varied, most 76.9% of visitors have the habit of bringing raw food ingredients and cooking independently, 15.4% brought food and beverages from home, and 7.7% bought those available at culinary centers. Most of the visitors rated the satisfaction variable indicator in the unfavorable category, the lowest average value was Y2 (x? = 1.82, SD= 0.38) and the highest mean Y8 (x? = 2.50, SD = 0.76).
 Keywords: gastronomy; gastro tourism; destination planning; tourist expectations.

Tourist Satisfaction Patterns and Index for Travel Companions While Traveling in Bali

The travel of tourists to a destination forms a pattern of tourist travel. Likewise, a tourist's journey during a trip has an influence on satisfaction and tourists in terms of the choice of destinations visited, memories made, joy in traveling, as well as the tendency to be more important between the chosen destinations compared to travel companions. This study aims to analyze the pattern of tourist travel and the index of tourist satisfaction with travel companions in traveling in Bali. This study uses a large sample with the Slovin formula for an error level of 4 percent. Questionnaires were distributed by accident to 600 tourists. Data were analyzed by Importance Performance Analysis, Customer Satisfaction Index and qualitative descriptive. The characteristics of tourists who travel to Bali are relatively young adults in terms of age and education and a high level of mastery of technology. Most tourists look for information on the internet in addition to recommendations from family and friends before tourists travel to Bali. This reflects that there has been a change in the use of travel services, media promotion, advertising and other prints. The pattern of door trips visiting Bali shows a spider web pattern, which is the first center (hub) pattern from entering tourist attractions spread across regencies/cities in Bali. The level of suitability of travel indicators in traveling in Bali shows that it is not appropriate or does not meet the expectations of tourists to Bali in general. Tourist satisfaction with travel companions in the index of traveling in Bali is 83.97 (very satisfied/appropriate).
 Keywords: travel patterns, travel companions, tourist satisfaction, Bali

Promoting tourism business through digital marketing in the new normal era: a sustainable approach

PurposeThis paper aims to measure the intention to use digital marketing strategies to enhance the performance of tourism business as well as the extent of digital renovation applications in tourism for sustainable business in a new normal era.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is an insight from the existing relevant literature on the tourism business from time immemorial. The conceptual framework of this study is designed based on previous studies of digital marketing practices for tourism businesses. Furthermore, data were collected from 270 respondents, of which the valid response rate is 72.97%. Partial least square (PLS)-structural equation modeling (SEM) is used to validate the conceptual framework and hypotheses testing.FindingsAmong the nine hypotheses path, seven were supported. This study result shows that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, social media marketing and tourism business performance are critical factors for adopting digital marketing in tourism. Thus, tourism service providers' intention has a positive impact to meet the expectation of tourists and adoption of digital marketing.Research limitations/implicationsThe study's results will assist tourism researchers and service providers in understanding an authentic relationship between digital practices of tourism business and tourist satisfaction. In addition, the legacy of tourism business through digital marketing empowers the owner and community.Originality/valueThe study is the first to explore the relationship between tourism business performance and digital marketing during the new normal era for the empowerment of local community and expanded business in tourism sector.

Not Just Good, but Fair Service: The Mediating Role of Psychological Contract Breach between Service Quality and Behavioral Outcomes

ABSTRACT Understanding tourist expectations is vital for hospitality and tourism businesses to prepare for a psychological contract breach. Prior research has widely evidenced the roles of psychological contract breach predominantly between the company (i.e., organization) and employee (i.e., service provider). Nevertheless, the psychological contract between the service provider and the customer/consumer (service receiver) (e.g., tourist) has been neglected. Therefore, the current study presents how the psychological contract breach of perceived service quality of tourists influences their satisfaction and positive word of mouth. The current study further tests the boundary conditions (i.e., moderation), roles of travel purpose and the number of hotels’ stars. The study used a survey method for tourists visiting Macao. The results (n = 253) indicate that psychological contract breach mediated the relationship between perceived service quality, visitor satisfaction and positive word of mouth. Further, drawing upon the social information-seeking behavior as a baseline, the study results show that leisure tourists tend to be more sensitive to their psychological contract breach perception than non-leisure tourists.

Tourist satisfaction with online car-hailing: evidence from Hangzhou City, China

ABSTRACT This study develops a theoretical framework based on the American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI) model to examine the formation and determinants of tourists’ satisfaction with online car-hailing. Self-administered questionnaires were used to survey 486 tourists in Hangzhou, China. The results show that the perceived quality and value of online car-hailing have a significant positive impact on tourist satisfaction. Perceived value partially mediated the relationship between perceived quality and tourist satisfaction. Further, perceived quality and perceived value played a chain mediating effect on the relationship between tourist expectation and tourist satisfaction. In addition, this study verified that satisfaction negatively impacts complaints and positively impacts loyalty, and complaints negatively impact loyalty. Management implications and recommendations for future research are also discussed.

Reflections on visitors' experiences of the beekeeping museum: an analysis of the guestbook notes

The number of alternative tourism types that appeal to niche markets is increasing daily in response to the changing demands and expectations of tourists. Apitourism, which is a blend of nature and culture, has attracted attention and has become an important niche tourism market in recent years. In this study, the tourists’ experiences of visiting the beekeeping museum, which is an attraction within the scope of apitourism, were examined. The notes written in the museum’s visitor book, and the observations made to support the notes, enabled the visitors’ experiences to be classified into 32 codes and six themes. The resulting themes, such as shedding light on the past, experiencing intense emotions, information and awareness, being a recreational activity, features of the museum, and staff. As a result of the study, some suggestions have been put forward for researchers and apitourism stakeholders.

DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL EDUCATIONAL TOURISM (A Case Study at CV Milkindo Berka Abadi in Tegalsari Village, Kepanjen District, Malang Regency)

Edu-tourism is one of the most developed kinds of the tourism sector. One of the examples is called Agricultural Educational Tourism of CV Milkindo Berka Abadi in Tegalsari Village, Kepanjen District, Malang Regency, East Java Province. This research aimed to determine the level of conformity between performance and importance level of marketing mix (7P), including product, price, place, promotion, people, process, and physical evidence. The method used in this research was survey. Data collection was carried out by distributing structured questionnaires to 100 participants of the educational tour package. Data were analyzed by using Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) to divide marketing mix attributes into four quadrants and find out how satisfied the consumers are with the company's performance. The results revealed that the level of conformity between performance and importance of marketing mix attributes is very conformable with a conformity level of 87,035% overall, which is 80-100%. It can be concluded that the level of conformity between performance and importance level of 7P marketing mix attributes are very conformable overall. However, the companies must continue improving marketing mix attributes to match tourist expectations in Agricultural Educational Tourism of CV Milkindo Berka Abadi.

Trabzon ili orman rekreasyon bölgelerini kullanan Arap turistlerin tüketici profili ve rekreasyonel talep yapısı

Trabzon province attracts foreign tourists from Arab countries, and forest recreation areas are used extensively. This study aimed to determine the consumer profile, recreational use of forest resources, user and recreational demand characteristics for recreational areas, and consumer preferences and expectations of Arab tourists coming to Trabzon. In the study, a face-to-face survey was conducted with the random sampling method for 400 Arab tourists using 10 forest recreation areas in Trabzon. In the survey, questions such as visitor characteristics of foreign tourists, use of forest resources, recreational suitability, deficiencies, and reasons for site preference were included. The obtained data were evaluated with descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, and the Duncan test. According to the analyzes and evaluations, it was found that approximately 83% of Arab tourists coming to Trabzon for forest recreation tourism came from Kuwait, Jordan, United Arab Emirates, Oman, and Iraq. The most common activities in forest recreation areas were determined as walking on forest roads, chilling, watching the scenery, taking fresh air, and taking pictures. The reasons considered very important for the preference of forest recreation areas by Arab tourists were determined natural and aesthetic values, the beauty of forests, and clean and cold water to drink, respectively. The most important variables affecting the utilization of forest recreation areas are inadequate facilities and services (4 points), environmental pollution (3.41 points), crowdedness (3.38 points), adverse weather conditions (3.34 points), noise pollution (3,12 points), security (2.86 points), transportation problem (2.59 points), and inadequate pandemic measures (1.35 points). In addition, the demand for forest recreation areas differs at 95% confidence level according to age, gender, education, family size, natural and aesthetic values, clean and cold water, the beauty of forests, tour program, friend recommendation, desire to be alone with nature, pandemic measures, lack of another place to go around the city, pollution situation, promotion and facility, and service adequacy. In the study, some suggestions were made for the sustainable management of forest recreation areas, increasing the quality of recreational services, tourist satisfaction, and tourism development for Arab tourists.

Turist Rehberlerinin Mesleki Performansının Turistlerin Memnuniyetine Etkisi

Turizm sektörünün en önemli işgörenleri arasında yer alan turist rehberleri (TR) turist memnuniyetinde oldukça önemli bir role sahiptir. Yabancı literatürde TR’lerin performans kriterleri ve turist memnuniyetine olan etkisi birçok çalışmaya konu olurken; Türkçe literatürde sınırlı sayıda çalışmaya rastlanmıştır. Özellikle Efes Antik Kenti gibi her yıl milyonlarca turist tarafından ziyaret edilen yerlerde verilen rehberlik hizmetinin değerlendirilmesi sürekli değişen pazar beklentilerinin karşılanabilmesi için bir gerekliliktir. Bu kapsam doğrultusunda çalışmanın amacı, TR’lerin performansının turistlerin memnuniyetine olan etkisini ortaya koymaktır. Araştırmada nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden anket tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini Efes’i Temmuz-Eylül 2021 arasında ziyaret eden yerli turistler oluşturmaktadır. Örneklem olarak olasılıklı olmayan örnekleme yöntemlerinden kolay örnekleme yöntemi tercih edilmiştir ve toplam 399 veri toplanmıştır. Elde edilen veri, en küçük kareler yöntemi ve yapısal eşitlik modellemesi ile analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonucuna göre TR’lerin eğlence tanıtma becerisi, görünüşü, problem çözme becerisi ve örgütsel becerisi, yerli turistlerin memnuniyetini anlamlı ve olumlu yönde etkilemektedir. TR’lerin empati becerisi, mesleki yeterliliği ve iletişim becerileri yerli turist beklentilerinin altında kalmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Turist Rehberi, Turist Memnuniyeti, Efes Antik Kenti JEL Sınıflandırması: L83

Doğa Turizmi Kapsamında Giresun İli Alternatif Yürüyüş Güzergahlarının Belirlenmesi

Today, there are changes in the expectations of tourists from their travels and their understanding of tourism. Nature tourism is a type of tourism that attracts attention as a form of tourism that connects people with nature and offers them a nature experience. Within the scope of this study, it is aimed to determine the routes where nature walks can be made in Giresun province and to reveal the hiking maps. It is thought that the study is important in terms of being based on primary data and contributing to the development of nature tourism in Giresun. As a research method, a descriptive research approach and scanning model were adopted in terms of their purposes. The data in the study were obtained through field investigations carried out between 2013-2019. The routed routes were first determined from the map, walked with the group, GPS records were extracted and processed on the map with the Google Earth application. The data obtained by using the participatory observation technique and field investigation were examined within the scope of the study. As a result of the study, 25 new walking routes were determined. Of the detected routes, 5 were rated as difficult, 9 as medium and 11 as easy. Walking routes consist of asphalt and stabilized roads on the village or highland roads and paths in natural areas. There are meadow, plateau and forest ecosystems on the routes, flora and fauna observations can be made and local architectural elements can be encountered.

‘The Black Sea Is Our Mallorca’: The Making of the Tourist Experience in the German Democratic Republic

Abstract This article analyses the construction of the East German holiday experience in the 1960s and 1970s, when tourism became a mass phenomenon on both sides of the Iron Curtain. First, it discusses the role played by the West in shaping the expectations of GDR tourists. Mallorca was the ultimate, but not sole, destination, that influenced how East Germans imagined tourism abroad. Secondly, the article tackles how expectations compared with actual experiences. State surveillance, scarcity and lack of means were common challenges that East Germans had to face and clashed with the glittering image of tourism with which they were inundated from West Germany. The Bulgarian Black Sea emerged as a substitute for that Western tourism as other possibilities, such as socialist Cuba or Yugoslavia, were limited. Touring in Bulgaria became a long-lasting experience. The article approaches the multiple meanings of this type of vacation abroad. Political, experiential and personal implications shaped East Germans’ holidays and entangled experiences and expectations, and the article provides a broad understanding of the meanings of vacation and tourism for citizens of East Germany.

Emerging trends in wellness tourism: a scoping review

PurposeWellness tourism is complex due to the varied expectations and perceptions of tourists. This study attempts to explore components that shape tourist expectations of health treatments and tourist attractions, which have not been deeply explored in the extant literature.Design/methodology/approachA scoping review of the literature published between 2000 and 2021 was conducted to reach the conclusions of this study. Out of 303 literature sources, a total of 105 literature sources were retained for the final analysis.FindingsFindings show that tourists expect a mix of health treatments, such as conventional medical treatments and alternative health treatments and tourist attractions, as part of wellness tourism to improve their health and well-being (HWB). A favorable trade-off between tourist expectations and their perception of wellness tourism impacts tourist HWB and behavioral intention.Practical implicationsThe proposed wellness tourism conceptual model and wellness tourism matrix may help wellness tourism service providers to understand tourist expectations for health treatments and tourist attractions in a recent context. Wellness tourism service providers may follow the guidelines outlined in this study to offer health treatments and tourist attractions according to tourist expectations, which may result in the favorable behavioral intentions of wellness tourists.Originality/valueThis study unravels the previously under-explored role of conventional medical treatments, which arguably fall under the category of allopathic medical treatment, in wellness tourism. Destination marketing organizations may focus on the wellness philosophies of health treatments and tourist attractions to meet the growing expectations of wellness tourists for HWB, as outlined in the literature review. This study provides insights into the different components of contemporary wellness tourism those impact wellness tourists' cognitive responses, HWB and behavioral intention.

AN AGROTOURIST COMPLEXES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE GREEN EUROPEAN COURSE: VECTORS OF THE DEVELOPMENT AND PROSPECTS

The article considers the development of agritourism complexes of Ukraine during the last decade and the vectors of their further development. Factors of attractiveness of rural green tourism for urban residents have been identified. The peculiarities of recreation in the countryside have been clarified, namely: attractive time for recreation – summer vacations of tourists; acquaintance with the ethnicity and authenticity of the Ukrainian area; the compliance of the quality of services provided by agritourism farmsteads with the expectations of tourists. The motives for the creation of rural estates and the uniqueness of rural tourism are specified. In particular, the safety, environmental friendliness and accessibility of recreation in agritourism farmsteads are highlighted. The constraints on the development of green tourism are also the lack of funds to improve living conditions, rural infrastructure and the lack of clear legal support for the existence of this type of tourism, in particular the private sector, whose share in housing services is dominant. The gradual development of rural green tourism is demonstrated by expanding the scope of its services and improving their quality. Effective tools for promoting the tourist product in the countryside are public policy expressed in support of owners of agritourism farmsteads and «Strategy for tourism and resorts until 2026», implementation of effective communication policy with consumers of tourist services, and categorization and certification of rural farmsteads tourists (appropriate quality and environmental friendliness of the tourist product). The forecast of the number of rural estates by 2025 has been made. The importance of agritourism services is emphasized not only in the domestic market, but also in the international one. Attention is paid to the current situation in Ukraine, and not only the catastrophic consequences for the tourism industry, but also the prospects for the development of agritourism in the perspective of a full-scale Russian invasion.

Post-COVID-19 Tourists' Preferences, Attitudes and Travel Expectations: A Study in Guayaquil, Ecuador.

Expectations about a destination influence the tourist experience during the travel process stages. In the post-COVID-19 normalcy, people are adjusting their priorities and social values. Therefore, it becomes crucial to identify tourists’ expectations before traveling. The objectives of this research were: (a) identify the preferences of tourists; (b) establish the attitudes of tourists; and (c) determine the expectations of tourists for post-COVID-19 destination selection. The study analyzed a sample of 491 people during pandemic lockdowns in Guayaquil, Ecuador. Statistical techniques such as exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used in data analysis. The results show that after the pandemic, tourists prefer urban tourism, followed by cultural tourism and traveling with relatives. It also shows a more responsible and supportive attitude when traveling. Likewise, the results support the dimensional structure that explains a set of post-pandemic tourist expectations. Five factors were identified: Smart Care, pricing strategy, safety, comfort, and social distancing. Finally, the theoretical and managerial implications of the results that will guide for tourism destination managers were discussed.

What are the Expectations of Tourists from Homestay Accommodation: Assessing the Satisfaction Level of Tourists Staying in Homestays

What are the Expectations of Tourists from Homestay Accommodation: Assessing the Satisfaction Level of Tourists Staying in Homestays

Integrating concepts of destination image, travel motivations, expectation, and future behavior to create a model of wellness travel intentions

ABSTRACT The COVID 19 pandemic has caused people to rethink their thoughts on health tourism. They are now emphasising the idea that health is wealth. This is an opportunity for players in the industry to create value by offering a variety of services. Therefore, it becomes imperative to find out the factors a potential wellness tourist is looking for before making a travel choice. The study aims to find out the influence of the perceived image of a wellness destination, wellness travel motives, and wellness tourist expectations from a destination on the future travel behaviour of the potential wellness tourist using Structural Equation Modelling. The empirical results indicate that factors of destination image affect tourist expectations. Further, expectations positively affect the factors of wellness travel motivation, which in turn affect travel behaviour positively. The study shows that for a positive image, a wellness destination must have an adequate blend of soft and hard wellness infrastructure and trained wellness professionals. Moreover, the tourists are looking for solace and tranquility, therefore, a destination where a mix of health and wellness-related activities are offered but without much indulgence of technology will attract tourists.

Internet of Things as a Sustainable Energy Management Solution at Tourism Destinations in India

The development of tourist destinations has been determined by sustainable energy management and the advancement of traditional methods. The rate of development must adapt to technological innovations while also considering future generations. The present study aims to determine to what extent tourism personnel are aware of the skills, knowledge, and methods for sustainable energy management, and also to analyze the Internet of Things as a technological solution for sustainable energy management at tourism destinations in India with the help of the Servqual method. It is important to implement modern technologies such as internal things and develop a sustainable attitude toward tourism. Findings suggested that over each attribute of Servqual model, reliability, assurance, tangibles, empathy and responsiveness of IoT as sustainable energy management solutions at tourism destinations in India, tourism stakeholders have higher level of expectations (23.41, 19.86, 18.45, 23.60 and 24.73) and perceptions (18.34, 16.50, 14.97, 18.17 and 19.20) followed by tourists expectations (22.10, 17.36, 16.01, 22.62 and 21.87) and perceptions (19.32, 11.75, 09.46, 15.06 and 17.43) and local residents expectations (20.17, 14.61, 14.87, 19.46 and 18.81) and perceptions (13.48, 08.85, 07.73, 13.54 and 12.94), respectively. Results also showed that older generations and traditional tourism destinations are unable to cope with the modern advanced terminology, tools, and management strategies, which makes the present study the most significant about changing the traditional way of energy management and developing tourism destinations as sustainable and responsible.

Some considerations about tourist arrivals and the COVID-19 pandemic – evidence from Slovenia and Croatia

In late 2019 and early 2020, a sudden but not unexpected external shock occurred in the tourism industry. This study presents an explorative analysis of the literature review discussing a predicted exogenous shock in tourism caused by the appearance of viruses. Furthermore, the vector autoregressive (V.A.R.) models and panel econometrics is used to analyse and model the impact of the COVID-19 pandemics on tourist arrivals in Slovenia and Croatia. Applied analysis is used to test tourism artefacts in the short term on daily data for 2020. The results of econometric modelling and data plotting confirm significant volatilities in the analysed time-series and their peculiar response to the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourist arrivals. Therefore, innovative tourism policy and management should not expect pre-pandemic values and demand; moreover, tourist expectations will change drastically in a calamitous decade, while several other determinants, not only COVID-19, will influence tourist arrivals. The study is novel in two respects. First, the study adds value to empirical research on the determinants of tourism demand. Moreover, the study can be considered a starting point for further short-, medium- and long-term econometric analyses of sudden shocks affecting tourism demand and government decisions affecting tourism supply.

Nilai-Nilai Moral dan Spiritual; Pengaruh Wisata Religi Terhadap Peluang Ekonomi Rakyat

The tourists invasion to the sanctuary of the Islam spreaders, it is the social dynamics to strenghten faith. West Java is one of the provinces that has the potential for religious tourism which is much loved by the Indonesian people. This attracts researchers to examine more deeply the relationship between religious tourism and people's economic opportunities. This study aims to describe and analyze the influence of religious tourism on the people's economic opportunities. Religious tourism in West Java are mostly visited. In this situation, people’s economic opportunities can be captured by the local people, such as the souvenirs and flowers sellers. This research uses a quantitative approach to find out how significant the influence of Religious Tourism on the people's economic opportunities is and analyze it through the sociology of religion. The population in this study are people who work as traders who sell at the research location; with a sample of 59 people obtained through simple random cluster sampling. Based on the results of the analysis that there is a influence of religious tourism on the community economic opportunities, which is equal to 32.15%. Meanwhile, 67, 85% were influenced by other factors not examined in this study. From the effectiveness of religious sociology, and Parson's theory as a social system, which is explored through analysis of Adaptation, Goal Attainment, integration and Latent Pattern Maintenance is very relevant. seizing people's economic opportunities by adapting tourism elements, as well as trying to carry out cultural and religious attractions, such as solemn and silent prayer rituals, in accordance with tourist expectations. This pilgrimage tourism activity can integrate with tourist destinations and can carry out the maintenance of local cultural patterns. However, to increase the potential for pilgrimage tourism, it is still necessary to maintain a better environment and order.