State Expansion Research Articles

Public Health Insurance Take-Up and Labor Supply: Evidence from State Expansions in Coverage to Childless Adults in the Early 2000s

This paper considers the effects of public health insurance expansions for low-income childless adults in the early 2000s in a causal framework, prior to passage of the 2010 Affordable Care Act. Using the 1998 through 2007 March Current Population Surveys, my estimates suggest the expansions increased low-educated childless women's public health insurance coverage by 1.6 to 2.5 percentage points, but the results do not provide evidence of a change in public health insurance coverage for low-educated childless men. I do not find any statistically significant negative effects on the labor supply of low-educated childless men or women, despite an increase in take-up for women. While the estimates are imprecise, confidence intervals rule out the possibility of large negative labor supply effects. These results are also supported by event study analyses.

Death by Regulation: How Regulations Can Increase Mortality Risk

This paper updates the cost-per-life-saved cutoff, which is a cost-effectiveness threshold for life- saving regulations, whereby regulations costing more per life saved than this threshold level are expected to increase mortality risk on net. Two competing methods of deriving the cutoff exist: a direct approach based on empirical observation and an indirect approach grounded in economic theory. Both methods build from the assumption that changes in income lead to changes in mortality risk. The likely mechanisms driving this relationship are discussed, with support from recent empirical studies. The indirect approach is preferable in that it avoids the problems of endogeneity of health status and income found with the direct approach. The cost-per-life-saved cutoff value at which regulations increase mortality risk is estimated to have a lower bound value of $75.4 million and an upper bound value of $123.2 million, with a midpoint value of $99.3 million. This cutoff value range is compared with cost-effectiveness estimates for a series of recent policies, including several state expansions of the Medicaid public insurance program in the first few years of the 21st century, an early version of the “travel ban” executive order that restricted refugee admissions into the United States, and nine recent air pollution regulations from the Environmental Protection Agency. The paper concludes that the mortality risk test is an important and underutilized tool in the policy analyst’s toolkit, both as an overall test of regulatory efficacy and as an integral component of calculations of net risk effects of policies.

A política de acolhimento de refugiados - considerações sobre o caso Português

Resumo A eclosão de conflitos armados e civis no Médio Oriente, bem como a expansão do autoproclamado Estado Islâmico provocou um fluxo considerável de refugiados com destino ao espaço comunitário europeu, sendo a maior vaga migratória desde a II Guerra Mundial. A atratividade do espaço europeu, associado às políticas de acolhimento, constitui o ponto de partida para esta análise que incide sobre os mecanismos de acolhimento registados pelo Estado Português. Através de um estudo iminentemente exploratório e recorrendo ao método de análise descritiva, optámos por analisar as estratégias de acolhimento, bem como os dados existentes sobre os processos em vigor em Portugal, considerando igualmente uma visão comparativa com os demais Estados-membros da União Europeia.

Transnational Islamism of Erdogan and Diyanet’s Engagement in Turkish Diaspora’s Life

In the last decades, huge amount of scholarly research on Turkey’s disrupted politics, the AKP and the expansion of state sponsored institutions in diasporic countries has remained a legitimate focus. The perception of a democratizing process or becoming disrupted in Turkey after the coup attempt, only reinforced the idea of an existing plan of a pre-coup democratization in Turkey. This article takes a slightly different approach to existing literature which demonstrates that the Turkish foreign policy are instruments opportunistically employed in the Justice and Development Party, (AKP) who aim to conquer the state and its citizens both at home and abroad to take it from a Kemalist elite and become an Erdoganist authoritarian rule. Since the rise of the AKP, we have witnessed large expansions of institutional policies as well as other state-sponsored mechanisms such as DITIB and Diyanet globally, linking home states and its diaspora beyond the traditional arena.

Strength of the singularities, equation of state and asymptotic expansion in Kaluza–Klein space time

In this paper an explicit cosmological model which allows cosmological singularities are discussed in Kaluza–Klein space time. The generalized power-law and asymptotic expansions of the baro-tropic fluid index ω and equivalently the deceleration parameter q, in terms of cosmic time ‘t’ are considered. Finally, the strength of the found singularities is discussed.

SPIRITUALITY DIMENSIONS AND THE CARING NURSE-PATIENT INTERACTION SKILLS AMONG ASIAN STUDENTS

This study aimed to determine how the dimensions of spirituality intelligence affect the caring nurse-patient interaction skills of student nurses from three Asian countries. A descriptive correlation type of research was utilized with questionnaire in Google forms as the main instrument of this study. A total of 184 Asian student-nurses from Indonesia, Philippines and Singapore served as participants. Partial least square structural equation modeling was used to statistically analyze the data. Results of the structural model revealed that spiritual intelligence on the aspect of critical existential thinking is significantly related to the caring nurse-patient interaction skills in terms of humanism (β=0.164), helping relationship (β=-0.178), problem solving (β=0.131), and environment (β=.-0.538). Moreover, spiritual intelligence on the aspect of personal meaning production is significantly related to the caring nurse-patient interaction skills in terms of helping relationship (β=-0.154), problem solving (β=0.126) and needs (β=-0.174). It was also found out that the spiritual intelligence on the aspect of conscious state expansion is significantly related to the caring nurse-patient interaction skills in terms of humanism (β=-0.128), hope (β=0.197) and helping relationship (β=-0.149). Further analysis of the structural model revealed that the spiritual intelligence on the aspect of transcendental awareness is significantly related to the caring nurse-patient interaction skills in terms of problem solving (β=0.012) and spirituality (β=-0.246). It is recommended to mainstream spirituality in nursing education courses to foster a humanistic outlook in establishing a caring interaction between student nurses and the recipients of nursing care. Article DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.20319/lijhls.2017.32. 130160 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.

Welfare regime and labour migration policy for elderly care: new phase of social development in Taiwan

Unique aspect of elder care in Taiwan is the existence of large number of migrant care workers in the informal labour market before the formation of universal welfare provision. The migrants were introduced in the 1990s, as part of the labour policy to increase more women into the labour market. The democratisation has led to the expansion of welfare state but the issue of labour migration and the human rights of the migrants were set aside. Although migrants share proportionate amount of care work, they are segregated in the informal labour market. The paper examines the recent developments in Taiwan’s welfare state, including its effort to formalise care, and highlight the issue of migrant care workers within the familialistic welfare regime.

“Be Careful, Cowboy”: The Translation and Mutation of the Western Genre in Red Hill

The western genre has long been hailed as an iconic expression of the United States’ history and culture. However, the 2010 Australian film Red Hill (dir. Patrick Hughes, 2010) actively engages the genre’s tropes, styles, and conventions. In doing so, the film converts the ideas of a ruggedly individualistic frontier, key to the western genre and the popularised notions of nineteenth-century United States expansion, to the contemporary Australian context, providing a translation and mutation of the western genre. This paper argues that, through disassociation of the western genre from the United States, Red Hill’s frontier is made Australian over the course of the film, exploring the lingering traumas and ongoing violence of a specific colonisation process. Drawing on theories of genre, history, and postcolonialism, this paper investigates the exploration of national character, history, and boundaries through the western genre. In doing so, this paper situates the western genre as having a nationalistic function in general, rather than one associated with any particular nation, and as providing a touchstone for ideas of history and themes of colonial expansion in a contentious landscape of class, race, and society.

“Professional Movements” and the Expansion of Access to Healthcare in the Industrializing World

Explanations for the expansion of the welfare state have frequently centered on the importance of left-wing political parties and labor unions. Scholars have even pointed to the rare but growing significance of social democracy in the industrializing world. Yet, in the field of healthcare, labor unions frequently oppose sweeping universalistic reforms that threaten to erode members’ existing benefits, and those most in need of healthcare in rural areas and the informal sector are often the least organized politically. In the absence of mass demands, who then is responsible for universal healthcare programs in the industrializing world, and by what means do they successfully advocate for far-reaching reforms? This article explores the role that “professional movements” played in expanding access to healthcare in an industrializing nation that was engaged in processes of democratization. Mass movements are typically composed of lay people; by contrast, professional movements are made up of elites from esteemed professions who command knowledge, networks, and access to state resources that set them apart from ordinary citizens. The account illustrates how and why professional movements are able to play such a powerful role in health policymaking in the industrializing world, points to the need for more research on professional movements in other cases and policy domains, and discusses their relevance to social change in the industrializing world.

Structure of free complement wavefunction for the ground and the first excited state of helium atom

We review the fundamental ideas of free complement (FC) method through its application on both ground and first excited states of helium atom. We have found that lower energies can be obtained with fewer number of terms in the FC expansion of the ground state wavefunction. In this case, the optimization of orbital exponents was not necessary for achieving spectroscopic accuracy, especially at higher orders where the structure of the FC wavefunction converges to that of the exact one. We have discovered that permanents naturally appear in the FC expansion of the first triplet excited state wavefunction. Including permanents in the FC expansion is shown to be energetically important for the first triplet excited state of helium atom whereas it is not computationally favorable at higher orders. Finally, considering the group theoretical properties of the symmetric group [Formula: see text] and using immanants, a compact and more elegant form for the FC expansion of the first triplet excited state of the helium atom is achieved.

The genetic structure of Turnip mosaic virus population reveals the rapid expansion of a new emergent lineage in China

BackgroundTurnip mosaic virus (TuMV) is one of the most widespread and economically important virus infecting both crop and ornamental species of the family Brassicaceae. TuMV isolates can be classified to five phylogenetic lineages, basal-B, basal-BR, Asian-BR, world-B and Orchis.ResultsTo understand the genetic structure of TuMV from radish in China, the 3′-terminal genome of 90 TuMV isolates were determined and analyzed with other available Chinese isolates. The results showed that the Chinese TuMV isolates from radish formed three groups: Asian-BR, basal-BR and world-B. More than half of these isolates (52.54%) were clustered to basal-BR group, and could be further divided into three sub-groups. The TuMV basal-BR isolates in the sub-groups I and II were genetically homologous with Japanese ones, while those in sub-group III formed a distinct lineage. Sub-populations of TuMV basal-BR II and III were new emergent and in a state of expansion. The Chinese TuMV radish populations were under negative selection. Gene flow between TuMV populations from Tai’an, Weifang and Changchun was frequent.ConclusionsThe genetic structure of Turnip mosaic virus population reveals the rapid expansion of a new emergent lineage in China.

Climate state: Science-state struggles and the formation of climate science in the US from the 1930s to 1960s.

This article has two aims: first, to understand the co-production of climate science and the state, and second, to provide a test case for Pierre Bourdieu's field theory. To these ends, the article reconstructs the historical formation of a US climate science field, with an analytic focus on inter-field dynamics and heterogeneous networking practices. Drawing from primary- and secondary-source materials, the historical analysis focuses on relations between scientists and state actors from the 1930s to the 1960s. The account shows how actors with positions linking scientific and bureaucratic fields constructed critical nodes and 'hinges' that co-produced war-making and state expansion on the one hand, and a relatively autonomous climate science field on the other. The analysis explains the emergence of climate science by focusing on the WWII-era transformation of meteorology and oceanography into distinct disciplines, the emergence of 'basic' research as a central principle of post-war government, and the formation of a climate science field by the 1960s centered on computerized modeling and populated by an interdisciplinary scientific elite. The article concludes by indicating how these processes led to the subsequent development of climate change as a science-state conundrum that has reorganized the climate science field in recent decades.

Civic Republican Social Justice and the Case of State Grammar Schools in England

The aim of this paper is to consider the ways in which civic republican theory can provide a meaningful and useful account of social justice, one that is which holds resonance for educational debates. Recognising the need for educationalists interested in civic republicanism to pay greater attention to ideas of justice—and in particular social justice as it concerns relationships between citizens (citizen to citizen, group to group or citizen to group)—it is argued that a form of civic republicanism committed to freedom as non-domination is capable of providing a substantive model for analysing social (in)justice within educational arenas. After positioning the contribution offered here within existing educational literature on civic republicanism, salient elements of social justice as freedom as non-domination are identified. On this basis, debates concerning the existence and potential expansion of state (public) grammar schools in England are considered in relation to the account of republican social justice as non-domination. It is argued that from this republican position grammar schools (1) represent an arbitrary domination of the interests of those less well off by those with greater material and cultural capital and (2) in doing so lead to advantages for some at the expense of others. Though the focus of the paper is on grammar schools in England, it is suggested that republican justice may be a useful frame for considering similar educational cases in England and elsewhere.

Egocentric physics: Just about Mie

We show that the physics of anapole excitations can accurately be described in terms of a truncated resonant state expansion formulation of standard Mie theory as an alternative to the recently advocated “toroidal” current description. In the purely Mie framework, the anapole behavior arises as a result of a Fano-type interference effect between different resonant states with complex wave numbers, provided that non-singular phase factors associated with causality are properly taken into account.

Analytical normalization of resonant states in photonic crystal slabs and periodic arrays of nanoantennas at oblique incidence

We present an analytical formulation for the normalization of resonant states at oblique incidence in one- and two-dimensional periodic structures with top and bottom boundaries to homogeneous space, such as photonic crystal slabs and arrays of nanoantennas. The normalization is validated by comparing the resonant state expansion using one and two resonant states with numerically exact results. The predicted changes of resonance frequency and linewidth due to perturbations of refractive index or geometry can be used to study resonantly enhanced refractive index sensing as well as the influence of disorder. In addition, the normalization is essential for the calculation of the Purcell factor.

Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-entangled Bose-Einstein condensates in state-dependent potentials: A dynamical study

We study generation of non-local correlations by atomic interactions in a pair of bi-modal Bose-Einstein Condensates in state-dependent potentials including spatial dynamics. The wave-functions of the four components are described by combining a Fock state expansion with a time-dependent Hartree-Fock Ansatz, so that both the spatial dynamics and the local and non-local quantum correlations are accounted for. We find that despite the spatial dynamics, our protocole generates enough non-local entanglement to perform an EPR steering experiment with two spatially separated con-densates of a few thousands of atoms.

Health, Social, and Economic Outcomes Experienced by Families as a Result of Receiving Assistance from a Community-Based Diaper Bank.

Objectives This paper aims to describe low-income recipients of a community-based diaper bank and the multiple daily challenges they face. Our paper seeks to document the health, social, and financial outcomes recipients experienced after receiving assistance. Methods We surveyed families (n = 150) about their experiences receiving diapers from a diaper bank in the southeastern United States. Additionally, we conducted short, focused interviews with families (n = 15) about outcomes after receiving diapers. Results Families experience regularly a range of challenges meeting basic needs. These difficulties include high unmet needs for transportation, food, and nonfood essentials such as personal hygiene items. Families experiencing the greatest difficulty in paying utility or medical bills were significantly more likely to have a high level of diaper need compared to families facing these challenges less often (AORs ranging from 3.40 to 9.39). As a result of receiving diapers, families reported positive health, social, and economic outcomes. Families reported positive changes in parental mood; improved child health and happiness; increased opportunities for childcare, work, and school attendance; and the ability to divert household finances toward other basic needs, including utilities and medical care. Conclusions for Practice The monetary value of the supplemental provision of diapers is a small investment in affected families' economic, social, and health outcomes. The positive effects continue far longer than the diapers provided. We demonstrate the social value of such an operation, and recommend the expansion of federal, state, and local safety net programs to help low-income families secure a steady supply of diapers.

Historiography in Saudi Arabia: Globalization and the State in the Middle East

Historiography in Saudi Arabia: Globalization and the State in the Middle East

Einstein relation and steady states for the random conductance model

We consider random walk among i.i.d., uniformly elliptic conductances on $\mathbb{Z}^{d}$, and prove the Einstein relation (see Theorem 1). It says that the derivative of the velocity of a biased walk as a function of the bias equals the diffusivity in equilibrium. For fixed bias, we show that there is an invariant measure for the environment seen from the particle. These invariant measures are often called steady states. The Einstein relation follows at least for $d\geq3$, from an expansion of the steady states as a function of the bias (see Theorem 2), which can be considered our main result. This expansion is proved for $d\geq3$. In contrast to Guo [Ann. Probab. 44 (2016) 324–359], we need not only convergence of the steady states, but an estimate on the rate of convergence (see Theorem 4).

Prevalence and Types of Gender-Affirming Surgery Among A Sample of Transgender Endocrinology Patients Prior to State Expansion of Insurance Coverage

Transgender individuals now have many options for medical intervention, including gender-affirmation surgeries. However, it is unknown how common it is for transgender individuals to undergo these surgeries. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to assess the prevalence of gender-affirming surgeries among transgender patients in 2015, which was immediately prior to insurance changes that made gender-affirming surgery more affordable for Massachusetts residents. A retrospective chart review of 99 transgender patients was performed at the Endocrinology Clinic at Boston Medical Center, an urban safety net hospital. The records for 99 transgender subjects who received treatment between 2004-2015, including 28 transmen and 71 transwomen, were examined. The outcome measures were the types of medical interventions chosen by transgender patients, which included hormone therapy, chest surgery, gonadectomy, genital surgery, and facial surgery. Thirty-five percent of subjects had undergone at least one gender-affirming surgery. Transmen were more likely to have had surgery than transwomen (54% vs. 28%). Twenty-five percent of patients had chest surgery, 13% had genital surgery or gonadectomy, and 8% had facial surgery. In 2015, a majority of transgender endocrinology clinic patients had not undergone any type of gender-affirmation surgery. Among those who did elect to have a surgery, genital surgery or gonadectomy were uncommon. The low rate of surgery among this sample of transgender patients may be attributable to the financial cost, lack of interest in surgery, or that genital surgery is not a high priority for transgender individuals relative to surgery to change visible features such as face and chest. Abbreviation: HT = hormone therapy.