Nutrition Exercise Research Articles

Fighting the Consequences of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Mindfulness, Exercise, and Nutrition Practices to Reduce Eating Disorders and Promote Sustainability

Over the past two years, the world’s population has been tested by the COVID-19 health emergency. This has changed population habits worldwide by encouraging a sedentary lifestyle and overnutrition. Isolation and reduction of social life, for most of the population, was mandatory but it quickly became a new lifestyle. Nowadays, we are encountering the consequences with an increase in nutritional associated disorders and conditions that cause illnesses in the general population. These disorders include diet excesses that lead to obesity and diet deficiencies and malnutrition which could rapidly lead to death. These eating disorders are very complex to manage because they become mental disorders which can negatively impact physical or mental health. This work will disucss the benefits associated with the mindfulness–exercise–nutrition (MEN) technique. From a nutritional point of view it will focus on the nutritional effect of a plant-based diet, such as the Mediterranean diet (MD) which has a high tryptophan content which can increase serotonin (the “feel good” hormone) levels. The MEN technique takes a multidisciplinary approach and aims to integrate healthy behaviors into clinical practice using healthy eating, active living, and mindfulness. This method includes controlled physical movements, stretching techniques such as yoga, and aerobic exercise to achieve optimal mental and physical health. This literature review, carried out using the PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases, aims to investigate the latest research on this topic. This study may be useful for healthcare professionals and clinicians and may help patients to be more self-aware, encouraging them to lead a healthier lifestyle, make thoughtful choices, and ameliorate their mental health. The final aim of this study is to promote physiological homeostasis and well-being.

Gastrointestinal bleeding in athletes.

Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding (GIB) in athletes has previously been reported in several studies, as an important factor of underperformance in competitive sports events. Yet it is still underreported, partly because it is usually occult and self-limited soon after the effort. It can originate in either the upper or the lower GI tract and can be proportionally related to the amount and duration of effort. Key pathophysiological factors seem to include splanchnic hypoperfusion, mechanical trauma of the GI wall, and the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Appropriate nutrition, hydration and regulation of exercise, along with substances such as arginine and citrulline can relieve upper and lower GI symptoms, including nausea, vomiting, cramping, diarrhea, and possibly hemorrhage. Cessation of NSAIDs, use of proton pump inhibitors and H2-receptor-antagonists, as well as "training" the gut, also seem to be effective in reducing the incidence of GIB in athletes. Maintenance of hemodynamic stability and identification of the source of bleeding are key elements in the management of this condition. Endoscopy might be necessary for both. GIB should not be immediately attributed to endurance exercise, and endoscopy should always be performed to rule out other existing pathology.

Patient Preferences for Cardiac Rehabilitation – A Systematic Review

Although a large number of studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of cardiac rehabilitation(CR), patient preferences for CR remain unclear. Knowing patient preferences may contribute to increasing patient participation and adherence, thus improving patient prognosis. A systematic search was carried out using electronic databases and manual reference checks from inception until 15th June 2022. Quantitative studies, qualitative studies and mixed methods studies assessing patient preferences for CR were included. Two researchers independently conducted study selectionand data extraction. CR preferences were divided into three categories: CR settings, CR components, and CR contents. A narrative synthesis was applied to integrate the results of the included studies. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used to assess the quality of included studies. Ultimately, 17 publications were included in this study. Regarding CR settings, most patients preferred the hospital to home, some considered both, and a few were willing to accept the local CR club as an alternative setting to the hospital. For CR components, regardless of age and gender, patients considered exercise training and nutrition counseling to be the most important and smoking cessation to be the least important. In exercise intervention of CR contents, progress discussion and encouragement were rated as most critical, and non-conflicting with other activities was rated as least critical. In psychological intervention of CR contents, most patients were willing to accept psychological intervention, and a few patients wanted to heal the trauma with the passage of time. This systematic review provides important insights into patient preferences for CR, clarifying patient preferences for CR settings, components, and contents, along with possible influencing factors. Patient preferences may change due to the COVID-19 epidemic, and there is still a need to focus on patient preferences for CR and conduct more relevant primary research to validate the findings of this paper in the future.

Relationship between Waist Circumference, Waist-Height Ratio, Body Fat Percentage, Visceral Fat and Bone Mineral Density in Middle-Aged and Elderly Zhuang of China

Objective: To understand the correlation between different degrees of obesity and bone mineral density (BMD). Methods: 772 cases (300 men and 472 females) of Zhuang over 40 years old were randomly selected. The BMD and T score were calculated by measuring the right heel bone using a quantitative-ultrasound densitometer. Body composition index of body weight, waist circumference (WC), waist height ratio (WtHR), body fat percentage (BFP) and visceral fat (VF) were measured using a bioelectrical impedance method. Results: The BMI, WC, and WtHR of the male osteoporosis group were lower than those of the normal bone mass (NBM) group (P < 0.05). BMI, BFP, and WC in the female osteoporosis group were lower than those in the NBM group (P < 0.05); The BMI and WC in the osteoporosis group were lower than those of the NBM group (P < 0.05). After adjusting for factors such as age, weight, height, etc., the binary multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis showed that BMI was a protective factor for bone mass loss in men and women (P < 0.01). While the level of visceral fat was a risk factor for reduced bone mass (P < 0.05). Conclusion: BMI is positively correlated with BMD in Zhuang. BFP has a greater correlation with female BMD, and a small reduction in BFP can result in a significant decrease in BMD. BMD of male was positively correlated with abdominal obesity indicators (WC, WtHR, VF). However, abdominal obesity has no obvious effect on the promotion of BMD in women, and increased WtHR can lead to a decrease in BMD. Zhuang can appropriately increase the amount of fat within the normal weight range. At the same time, reasonable exercise and balanced nutrition to avoid excessive obesity or low body weight can reduce the incidence of osteoporosis and osteoporosis fractures.

Effectiveness of a personalized digital exercise and nutrition-based rehab program for patients with gastric cancer after surgery: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Patients with gastric cancer often encounter impaired quality of life and reduced tolerability to adjuvant treatments after surgery. Weight preservation is crucial for the overall prognosis of these patients, and exercise and supplemental nutrition play the main role. This study is the first randomized clinical trial to apply personalized, treatment stage-adjusted digital intervention with wearable devices in gastric cancer rehabilitation intervention for 12 months, commencing immediately after surgery. This is a prospective, multicenter, two-armed, randomized controlled trial and aims to recruit 324 patients from two hospitals. Patients will be randomly allocated to two groups for 1 year of rehabilitation, starting immediately after the operation: a personalized digital therapeutic (intervention) group and a conventional education-based rehabilitation (control) group. The primary objective is to clarify the effect of mobile applications and wearable smart bands in reducing weight loss in patients with gastric cancer. The secondary outcomes are quality of life measured by the EORTC-QLQ-C30 and STO22; nutritional status by mini nutrition assessment; physical fitness level measured by grip strength test, 30-s chair stand test and 2-min walk test; physical activity measured by IPAQ-SF; pain intensity; skeletal muscle mass; and fat mass. These measurements will be performed on enrollment and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months thereafter. Digital therapeutic programs include exercise and nutritional interventions modified by age, body mass index, surgery type and postoperative days. Thus, expert intervention is pivotal for precise and safe calibration of this program. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT04907591 (registration date: June 11, 2020; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04907591).

Anti-sclerostin antibodies: a new frontier in fragility fractures treatment.

Bone fragility is the determinant of the increased risk of minimal trauma fracture and must be treated with a multimodal approach that includes pharmacological therapy, physical exercise, and adequate nutrition. Pharmacological therapy, to date based on the administration of antiresorptive drugs, such as bisphosphonates and denosumab, or osteoanabolic drugs, such as teriparatide and abaloparatide, has shown to be effective in reducing the risk of fracture in osteoporotic patients. In the context of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate bone metabolism, the discovery of the Wnt signaling pathway and its role in bone tissue homeostasis has allowed the identification of sclerostin as an inhibitor of osteoblastic activity and simultaneously as a stimulator of osteoclastic activity. Therefore, the use of a monoclonal antibody, romosozumab, against this protein has been tested as a potential drug with a dual action, stimulating bone neo-apposition and inhibiting bone resorption. The efficacy of romosozumab has been demonstrated in numerous clinical trials against both placebo and other drugs commonly used in the treatment of patients affected by osteoporosis. The advantages of this drug lie above all in its rapid action which makes it particularly suitable in clinical situations where it is necessary to improve bone strength very quickly due to the imminent risk of fragility fracture. Clinical studies and guidelines suggest romosozumab as an initial drug in an ideal sequential approach from osteoanabolic to antiresorptive drugs. Some aspects of cardiovascular safety remain to be fully investigated, therefore its use in osteoporotic patients at high cardiovascular risk should be avoided until further data become available.

Validation of a sports nutrition knowledge questionnaire for athletes in the United Kingdom and Ireland.

Sound general and sports nutrition knowledge in athletes is essential for making appropriate dietary choices. Assessment of nutrition knowledge enables evaluation and tailoring of nutrition education. However, few well-validated tools are available to assess nutrition knowledge in athletes. The objective of the present study was to establish the validity of the Platform to Evaluate Athlete Knowledge Sports - Nutrition Questionnaire (PEAKS-NQ) for use in the United Kingdom and Irish (UK-I) athletes. To confirm content validity, twenty-three sports nutritionists (SNs) from elite, UK-I sports institutes provided feedback on the PEAKS-NQ via a modified Delphi method. After minor changes, the UK-I version of the PEAKS-NQ was administered to UK-I SN from the British Dietetic Association Sport and Exercise Nutrition Register, and elite athletes (EA) training at elite sports institutes in the UK and Ireland. Independent samples t-test and independent samples median tests were used to compare PEAKS-NQ total and subsection scores between EA and SN (to assess construct validity). Cronbach's alpha (good ≥ 0⋅7) was used to establish internal consistency. The SN achieved greater overall [SN (n 23) 92⋅3 (9⋅3) v. EA (n 154): 71⋅4 (10⋅0)%; P < 0⋅001] and individual section scores (P < 0⋅001) except Section B, Identification of Food Groups (P = 0⋅07). Largest knowledge differences between SN and EA were in Section D, Applied Sports Nutrition [SN: 88⋅5 (8⋅9) v. EA: 56⋅7 (14⋅5)%; P < 0⋅00]. Overall ES was large (2⋅1), with subsections ranging from 0⋅6 to 2⋅3. Cronbach's alpha was good (0⋅83). The PEAKS-NQ had good content and construct validity, supporting its use to assess nutrition knowledge of UK-I athletes.

Improving “Quality Of Life” Through Exercise and Proper Nutrition

Improving “Quality Of Life” Through Exercise and Proper Nutrition

THE FORMULA FOR CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH AND WELL-BEING IN ADULTS WITH CEREBRAL PALSY

Abstract Persons with cerebral palsy (CP) have mobility limitations, heightened sedentary behavior, and are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Dr. McPhee will cover his innovative work to develop a core outcome set for cardiometabolic disease risk assessment in adults with CP, and will further discuss recent findings from ongoing work pertaining to novel CVD risk indicators showing accelerating cardiovascular aging in CP. Dr. McPhee will also present recent work on the role of exercise, sleep, and healthy nutrition in the context of healthy aging for individuals with CP across the lifespan.

Exploring the Optimal Diagnostic Thresholds of Hyperglycemia During Pregnancy

Exploring the Optimal Diagnostic Thresholds of Hyperglycemia During Pregnancy

A Review of Rehabilitation Benefits of Exercise Training Combined with Nutrition Supplement for Improving Protein Synthesis and Skeletal Muscle Strength in Patients with Cerebral Stroke

Cerebral vascular accident (CVA) is one of the main causes of chronic disability, and it affects the function of daily life, so it is increasingly important to actively rehabilitate patients' physical functions. The research confirmed that the nutrition supplement strategy is helpful to improve the effect of sports rehabilitation adaptation and sports performance. The patients with chronic strokes (whose strokes occur for more than 6 months) have special nutritional needs while actively carrying out rehabilitation exercises, but there are still few studies to discuss at present. Therefore, this paper will take exercise rehabilitation to promote muscle strength and improve muscle protein synthesis as the main axis and, through integrating existing scientific evidence, discuss the special needs of chronic stroke patients in rehabilitation exercise intervention and nutrition supplement one by one. At the same time, we further evaluated the physiological mechanism of nutrition intervention to promote training adaptation and compared the effects of various nutrition supplement strategies on stroke rehabilitation. Literature review pointed out that immediately supplementing protein nutrition (such as whey protein or soybean protein) after resistance exercise or endurance exercise can promote the efficiency of muscle protein synthesis and produce additive benefits, thereby improving the quality of muscle tissue. Recent animal research results show that probiotics can prevent the risk factors of neural function degradation and promote the benefits of sports rehabilitation. At the same time, natural polyphenols (such as catechin or resveratrol) or vitamins can also reduce the oxidative stress injury caused by animal stroke and promote the proliferation of neural tissue. In view of the fact that animal research results still make up the majority of issues related to the role of nutrition supplements in promoting nerve repair and protection, and the true benefits still need to be confirmed by subsequent human studies. This paper suggests that the future research direction should be the supplement of natural antioxidants, probiotics, compound nutritional supplements, and integrated human clinical research.

Improving “quality of life” through exercise and proper nutrition

In line with what is defined by W.H.O. (World Health Organization) the objective of the work is to observe and define the interconnection between a healthy lifestyle and the quality of life perceived by people. For this purpose, 30 healthy subjects, who had never practiced sports at a competitive level, were recruited. All individuals were evaluated at T0 and T1 through clinical evaluation and specific functional tests to define the psycho-physical well-being of the person. For three months they were followed with a personalized diet. Subjects were divided into two randomized groups: group A called experimental that followed the protocol for the duration of the study, and group B said evaluation group that performed only evaluations at the same time as group A. both groups were evaluated twice, the first immediately after the last training session, the second evaluation was performed after 30 days from the first. The objective of the project was to analyze, after three months, the cognitive changes in memory and concentration skills, stress experienced at work or study, and psycho-physical well-being perceived by interested parties. The data collected during the evaluations showed that the interconnection between a healthy lifestyle and the quality of life perceived by people is evident.

PSAT187 Bone Mineral Density Normalization in a Young Patient With a Physician Guided Nutrition and Exercise Intervention.

Abstract Lack of consensus on the type and amount of exercise to safely increase bone mineral density (BMD) prevents many clinicians from providing detailed recommendations on how to increase physical activity. We present a young man with low bone density, who was initiated on a non-pharmacologic regimen of physician-directed high intensity resistance exercise (HIRE) and adequate nutrition support. A 28-year-old male was found to have a low bone density attributed to autoimmune hepatitis, chronic systemic glucocorticoids used for 7 years and poor lifestyle habits. Despite stopping steroids since 2014, his BMD was worsening in the femoral neck (FN) to 0.723 g/cm2 (Z-score -2.7) in 2018, representing a 3% loss from the prior year. His BMD in the total hip (TH) site also decreased from 0.775 g/cm2 (Z-score -2.1) to 0.751 g/cm2 (Z-score -2.3) in the same 1-year period (3.1% loss). The patient had no personal or family history of fractures, smoking or alcohol use, but did have a sedentary lifestyle and ate highly processed foods with poor nutritional value. After unremarkable evaluation for further causes of ongoing bone loss, in 09/2018 we initiated a tailored progressive high intensity resistance exercise (HIRE) program. Major compound movements such as squats, deadlifts, military press, and dynamic impact exercises such as medicine ball throws, jumps and farmers carry were performed 3 times a week, maintaining an intensity of &amp;gt;80% 1-repetition maximum with 5 repetitions. The HIRE program was modified every 3 months at endocrinology clinics. After the first year, one on one training with expert kinesiologist was introduced to correct exercise form. Nutrition recommendations were simple, focused on increasing weight, adequate dairy intake, and protein intake at 1.6g/kg of body mass. He maintained adherence to exercise and diet throughout 2018-2021. BMD measured by the same Lunar iDXA increased by 10.8% at the FN from 09/2018 to 09/2019. As often occurs in clinical practice, the patient had bone density scans performed at various centers throughout his years of care. Using BMD standardization algorithms, we estimate that after initiation of our HIRE and nutrition intervention, BMD increased at all sites (LS +9.7%, FN +17.7%, TH +12.7%) when compared to pre-intervention values. His most recent DXA scan on 12/2020 (Hologic Discovery) revealed a Z-score of -1.7 (LS), -1.5 (FN) and -1.5 (TH). We conclude that our HIRE and nutrition intervention lead to clinically significant bone density increases which are expected to lead to a reduction in fracture risk. Additionally, improved lifestyle habits and nutrition are expected to have multiple benefits beyond bone health. It is important that clinicians learn about different types of exercise programs to properly guide patients which could benefit. A HIRE program should be considered in select, able bodied patients with low bone density. Presentation: Saturday, June 11, 2022 1:00 p.m. - 3:00 p.m.

Damage and Repair of Skeletal Muscle Microstructure after Basketball Exercise and Protein Nutrition Supplement Based on CT Images

Damage and Repair of Skeletal Muscle Microstructure after Basketball Exercise and Protein Nutrition Supplement Based on CT Images

The Nexus between Pollution and Obesity and the Magnifying Role of Media Consumption: International Evidence from GMM Systems Estimates.

The aim of this paper is to uncover the associations between air pollution, media consumption, and the prevalence of obesity. Based on data availability, this study draws on an unbalanced panel of 28 countries and develops and extracts relationships through robust System-General Method of Moments (Sys-GMM) estimators that account for the dynamic nature and high persistence of the variables of interest. In light of previous findings, economic development, trade openness, and government consumption are included as controls in the dynamic panel models. The estimation results consistently indicate that pollution is a strong determinant of obesity, a link that remains robust through the alternative proxies for pollution (i.e., total greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) and carbon (CO2) intensity of energy generation). However, CO2 intensity shows the strongest association with obesity. Furthermore, the findings indicate that media consumption is an independent and significant driver of obesity, whilst its inclusion among regressors further magnifies the impact and significance of the pollution factor. Moreover, the combined effect of media consumption and pollution significantly contributes to spurring obesity in all model specifications. Thus, a vicious cycle emerges between air pollution, media consumption, and obesity, with synergistic detrimental health effects. The current findings highlight the importance of continuing and consistent efforts to mitigate pollution and reach related low-carbon policy targets. Moreover, for the sustainable reduction and prevention of obesity, these efforts should be complemented by policy interventions and public campaigns aimed at “healthy” media consumption, such as encouraging regular physical exercise and healthy nutrition.

Effects of Exercise Therapy and Nutrition Therapy on Patients with Possible Malnutrition and Sarcopenia in a Recovery Rehabilitation Ward.

We compared the effects of an exercise intervention with that of exercise combined with nutrition therapy in patients with possible malnutrition and sarcopenia admitted to a recovery rehabilitation ward, and we examined the differences in the patients' physical function and activities of daily living (ADLs). There were 16 patients in the Exercise group with exercise therapy and ADL exercises, and 14 patients in the Combined intervention group with exercise therapy, ADL exercises, and nutrition therapy. The survey items were body weight, body mass index, grip strength, lower-leg circumference, gait speed, and ADLs, each of which was measured at the baseline and at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and at discharge. Significant improvements in grip strength were observed in the Combined intervention group as follows: at 4 weeks>at 2 weeks (p<0.05), and at discharge>baseline and 2 weeks (p<0.05). There were no significant changes in the Exercise group, and an interaction was recognized in both groups. Comprehensive rehabilitation including nutrition therapy is necessary for patients with possible malnutrition and/or sarcopenia, as our results indicate that nutrition therapy in addition to exercise therapy has the effect of promoting improvements of physical function in such patients.

Barriers to active lifestyle among tertiary physical education students before the pandemic

An active lifestyle is a way of life that incorporates regular exercise and healthy nutrition to improve overall well-being. Any activity that gets you up, down, sideways, and moving is considered part of an active lifestyle. This study evaluated the barriers to an active lifestyle before the pandemic among tertiary physical education students at Surigao del Sur State University (SDSSU)—Tandag Campus. The goal of this study was to discover the barriers that each student has, as well as the reasons why students are not physically active for a variety of reasons. The method used in this study was a descriptive-quantitative design with the use of a researcher-made questionnaire administered to the tertiary physical education students to collate the data relevant for interpretation. Based on the findings, the non-availability of fitness equipment, facilities, and resources were the top barriers for students before the pandemic. Students' self-motivation, encouragement, and self-support are the student coping strategies before the pandemic. Lifestyle habits have been dramatically altered given these unprecedented times due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

‘Beyond the Bump’: an online wellbeing and lifestyle pilot program during COVID-19 for first year postpartum mothers: a research article

BackgroundEstablishing a healthy lifestyle post-delivery is pivotal to reduce the incidence of chronic diseases. Due to COVID-19 restrictions, access to postpartum health programs has been increasingly difficult. The aim of this study was to inform, develop and evaluate Beyond the Bump (BtB); an online program to improve access to health and wellbeing education and support for physical activity in the postpartum.MethodsA three-phase mixed-methods design of a 10-week Australia-wide online pilot program during COVID-19 with women less than 1 year postpartum and their primary care health professionals was utilised. Phase-one: needs assessment focus groups and interviews. Phase-two: BtB program implementation pre-post health measures survey, attendance and engagement with the program. Phase-three: program evaluation with feedback surveys and interviews.ResultsWomen (n = 12) and health professionals (n = 16) expressed strong need for a postpartum program with access to education from experts on exercise, pelvic floor, sleep and baby nutrition. Despite BtB being developed from women’s suggestions (including time-of-day ‘morning’), attendance to all ten sessions was poor (of 162 registrations; 23% participated in the first session and 5% in the last session). Barriers to attendance included ‘too busy’,‘ forgot’ and ‘topic not relevant for age of child’. 88% of women reported the education as the most enjoyable component of the program. 100% (n = 26) of women interviewed would recommend the program to a friend.ConclusionsThere is a continuing need for postpartum support. Online programs with access to expert education and exercise were reported to be of significant interest and value. However, more research is needed to improve the uptake and value placed on mothers’ wellbeing and physical activity.

Effect of Pre-Existing Sarcopenia on Oncological Outcomes for Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma Undergoing Curative Surgery: A Propensity Score-Matched, Nationwide, Population-Based Cohort Study.

Simple SummaryAlthough sarcopenia during cancer diagnosis is an independent prognostic factor for poor overall survival in patients with various cancers, whether pre-existing sarcopenia is an independent risk factor for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted a head-to-head propensity score matching (PSM) study to estimate the oncological outcomes of pre-existing sarcopenia in patients with OCSCC undergoing curative surgery. Both univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses indicated that pre-existing sarcopenia was associated with poor survival than nonsarcopenia. Old age, male sex, advanced pT, advanced pN, differentiation grade II–III, margin-positive cancer, lymphovascular invasion, and CCI ≥ 1 were significant poor prognostic factors for survival in the patients with OCSCC undergoing curative surgery.Purpose: The effect of pre-existing sarcopenia on patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) remains unknown. Therefore, we designed a propensity score-matched population-based cohort study to compare the oncological outcomes of patients with OCSCC undergoing curative surgery with and without sarcopenia. Patients and Methods: We included patients with OCSCC undergoing curative surgery and categorized them into two groups according to the presence or absence of pre-existing sarcopenia. Patients in both the groups were matched at a ratio of 2:1. Results: The matching process yielded 16,294 patients (10,855 and 5439 without and with pre-existing sarcopenia, respectively). In multivariate Cox regression analyses, the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR, 95% confidence interval [CI]) of all-cause mortality for OCSCC with and without pre-existing sarcopenia was 1.15 (1.11–1.21, p < 0.0001). Furthermore, the aHRs (95% CIs) of locoregional recurrence and distant metastasis for OCSCC with and without pre-existing sarcopenia were 1.07 (1.03–1.18, p = 0.0020) and 1.07 (1.03–1.20, p = 0.0148), respectively. Conclusions: Pre-existing sarcopenia might be a significant poor prognostic factor for overall survival, locoregional recurrence, and distant metastasis for patients with OCSCC undergoing curative surgery. In susceptible patients at a risk of OCSCC, sarcopenia prevention measures should be encouraged, such as exercise and early nutrition intervention.

The role of nutrition for exercise and health

The role of nutrition for exercise and health