Exclusion Process Research Articles

TASEPy: A Python-based package to iteratively solve the inhomogeneous exclusion process

The totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP) is a paradigmatic lattice model for one-dimensional particle transport subject to excluded-volume interactions. Solving the inhomogeneous TASEP in which particles’ hopping rate vary across the lattice is a long-standing problem. In recent years, a power series approximation (PSA) has been developed to tackle this problem, however no computer algorithm currently exists that implements this approximation. This paper addresses this issue by providing a Python-based package TASEPy that finds the steady state solution of the inhomogeneous TASEP for any set of hopping rates using the PSA truncated at a user-defined order.

Codebase release 1.1 for TASEPy

The totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP) is a paradigmatic lattice model for one-dimensional particle transport subject to excluded-volume interactions. Solving the inhomogeneous TASEP in which particles’ hopping rate vary across the lattice is a long-standing problem. In recent years, a power series approximation (PSA) has been developed to tackle this problem, however no computer algorithm currently exists that implements this approximation. This paper addresses this issue by providing a Python-based package TASEPy that finds the steady state solution of the inhomogeneous TASEP for any set of hopping rates using the PSA truncated at a user-defined order.

RESPOSTAS DAS CITOCINAS APÓS DIFERENTES CORRIDAS: REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA

Introduction: In the sports universe, cytokine analyses in response to running are implemented as a strategy to support training dynamics, based on individual needs, providing conditions for maximum sports performance. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the cytokine response during different running disciplines’ practice and provide quantitative estimates of changes in these markers. Methods: PubMed/MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus and EMBASE databases were searched for the oldest records up to August/2022. The search strategy used combined synonyms of the terms: “running” and “cytokines”. Subsequently, the studies identified were subjected to a stepwise exclusion process. To be included, the studies had to: (1) evaluate running protocols, (2) have an observational design and (3) measure cytokines before and after exercise. Two independent researchers carried out the selection of studies. Results: A total of 12 studies were included (n=338 participants). The running disciplines analyzed were: marathon, ultra-marathon, half-marathon and treadmill running. The main findings relate to the following points: 1) all the studies that analyzed IL-6, IL-1ra and IL-4 reported statistically significant increases at the postexercise time point (p<0.05); 2) investigations into IL-1β, TNFα, IL-8 and IL-15 showed different behavior between the studies, sometimes showing significant increases and other times, no significant changes; 3) the studies that analyzed IL-10 reported significant increases, except for one study that reported undetectable levels, making analysis impossible; and 4) the only study that included IFN-γ found a decrease after exercise, but without statistical significance. Conclusion: In a practical scenario, the results presented allow us to conclude that in all the running disciplines analyzed, a context demonstrates the presence of acute inflammation in response to exercise. Level of Evidence II; Systematic Review of Level I Studies with Discrepant Results.

Exclusion processes on a roundabout traffic model with constrained resources.

Motivated by the vehicular traffic phenomenon at roundabouts, we examine how the limited availability of resources affects the movement of two distinct types of particles on bidirectional lanes connected by two bridges, with each bridge specifically designated for the transportation of one species. To provide a theoretical ground for our findings, we employ a mean-field framework and successfully validate them through dynamic Monte Carlo simulations. Based on the theoretical analysis, we analytically derive various stationary properties, such as the particle densities, phase boundaries, and particle currents, for all the possible symmetric as well as asymmetric phases. The qualitative as well as quantitative behavior of the system is significantly affected by the constraint on the number of resources. The complexity of the phase diagram shows a nonmonotonic behavior with an increasing number of particles in the system. Analytical arguments enable the identification of several critical values for the total number of particles, leading to a qualitative change in the phase diagrams. The interplay of the finite resources and the bidirectional transport yields unanticipated and unusual features such as back-and-forth transition, the presence of two congested phases where particle movement is halted, as well as shock phases induced by boundaries and the bulk of the system. Also, it is found that spontaneous symmetry-breaking phenomena are induced even for very few particles in the system. Moreover, we thoroughly examine the location of shocks by varying the parameters controlling the system's boundaries, providing insights into possible phase transitions.

Synthetic Control Arm from Clinical Trials and Real-World Data from Lysa Group for Untreated Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma Patients Aged over 80 Years: A Bona Fide Strategy for Innovative Clinical Trials

Introduction Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common lymphoid malignancy among older patients (pts), and about 25% of new diagnoses involve population aged > 80y.o. Most clinical trials (CTs) exclude the very older (Kanapuru et al, 2017). Rituximab + miniCHOP is considered gold-standard for untreated DLBCL aged >80 y.o with an overall survival (OS) of ~60% at 2y and improving outcomes for this frail population is challenging. Synthetic control arms (SCA) may engender more innovative randomized trials, by allowing indirect comparisons with enhanced statistical confidence and by sparing a part of the control population. We present SCA built from CTs and real-world (RW) data, and their applications to a randomized phase 3 protocol in this clinical setting. Methods We used 3 CTs, with >80 y.o pts treated by anti-CD20+miniCHOP. Two phase 2 CTs for sourcing of SCA patients, LNH03-7B and LNH09-7B, which assessed efficacy of 6 anti-CD20+miniCHOP, preceded in the latter trial by pre-phase treatment, reducing early non-disease related mortality (Peyrade F. et al, 2011 and 2017). SENIOR trial was a phase III randomized trial comparing 6 R-miniCHOP to R-miniCHOP+Lenalidomide, showing no differences in terms of OS (HR= 0.996, 95% CI= 0.66-1.51) (Oberic L. et al, 2022). We further used prospective REALYSA cohort (Ghesquières et al, 2021) with enrolled pts with at least 18 months follow-up and treated by R-miniCHOP as RW pool. We excluded non-compliant diagnoses, as well as early deaths within 3 first months of follow-up from CTs, to avoid the bias for absence of pre-phase from LNH03-7B trial. First step was to build SCA matched with internal SENIOR control arm to check reproducibility of pts outcomes. Then, SENIOR experimental arm was used as the matching source for SCA constructions. Propensity scores (PS) were estimated for each pt using relevant baseline covariates as described in Figure 1. If data was missing, CTs pts were excluded. For RW pts, multiple imputations method was used. Pts between groups were matched using stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) method, the probability of treatment being assessed by PS, after removing pts with extreme PS from analyses. We subsequently performed sensitivity analyses using 1 : 1 PS matching (PSM). Standardized mean differences (SMD) were calculated for each covariate to assess matching efficacy. The endpoint was OS. Results Control SCAs matched to SENIOR internal control arm have no significant different OS with an HR of 0.81 (95%CI= 0.51-1.27, p = 0.397) using CTs data and an HR of 1.00 (95% CI= 0.62-1.61, p = 0.998) using RW data, with stabilized IPTW. PS set is the baseline population after applying exclusion criteria and including only pts for whom PS could be assessed. For SCA-CT, PS set was composed of 91 pts from experimental SENIOR arm and 169 from LNH03-7B and LNH09-7B. Thirty one pts were excluded for early death, mostly not disease-related. IPTW and PSM methods were both efficient with all SMD <0.10. With SCA-CT, OS curves comparison with stabilized IPTW was very close to SENIOR results: HR of 0.98 (95%CI= 0.643-1.492, p=0.93) (Figure 2). For SCA-RW, PS set included 104 pts from SENIOR experimental arm and 93 from REALYSA database. All SMD were below 0.10 with IPTW and all but one were below 0.15 with PSM. Regarding the outcome analysis, censorship was chosen at 24 months of follow-up as too few patients were still at risk. OS was not significantly different with an HR of 0.84 (95%CI=0.51-1.39, p= 0.551) with stabilized IPTW. Sensitivity analyses with PSM, for SCA-CT and SCA-RW are consistent with results after IPTW, but exclusion process for matching led to a loss of power (84 pts in each arm for SCA-CT and 71 pts in each arm for SCA-RW) Discussion We demonstrated that well matched SCAs built from historical CTs data can achieve a high level of confidence to replicate randomized phase III results in DLBCL pts >80 y.o. We replicated with a SCA the internal control arm with similar OS comparisons (HR= 0.996 (95% CI= 0.66-1.51) for SENIOR, HR= 0.98 (95% CI = 0.643-1.492) for SCA-CT). Matching procedures with RWD patients were also efficient, and SCA-RW OS behaved the same way as SCA-CT and internal control arm of SENIOR trial. The loss of power due to the pool shrinkage for matching procedures could be limited by mixing 50%/50% pts from internal control arm and historical CTs pts. These complementary data will be presented during the meeting.

Representasi Aktor pada Kasus Penembakan Brigadir Joshua dalam Perspektif Analisis Wacana Theo Van Leeweun

This study aims to (1) describe the exclusion process in the shooting of Brigadier Joshua, (2) describe the inclusion process in the shooting of Brigadier Joshua. Criminal news is used as an object of research in the field of language, especially discourse analysis. Theo Van Leeweun's discourse analysis model introduces the way a person (actor) is marginalized in a discourse. This research is limited to Deddy Corbuzier's Youtube podcast video discussing the shooting case of Brigadier Joshua. The results of this study found two exclusion processes, namely passivation and nominalization, while the five inclusion processes include differentiation-differentiation, objectivation-abstraction, nomination-categorization, nomination-identification, and determination-indetermination. So it can be concluded that in this video podcast, the actor is marginalized by exclusion because of the actor's relationship involved in the Brigadier Joshua shooting case. While inclusionary marginalization is carried out to maintain the good name of government agencies that are known to be clean and care for the community.

Infinite order phase transition in the slow bond TASEP

AbstractIn the slow bond problem the rate of a single edge in the Totally Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Process (TASEP) is reduced from 1 to for some small . Janowsky and Lebowitz posed the well‐known question of whether such very small perturbations could affect the macroscopic current. Different groups of physicists, using a range of heuristics and numerical simulations reached opposing conclusions on whether the critical value of is 0. This was ultimately resolved rigorously in Basu‐Sidoravicius‐Sly which established that .Here we study the effect of the current as tends to 0 and in doing so explain why it was so challenging to predict on the basis of numerical simulations. In particular we show that the current has an infinite order phase transition at 0, with the effect of the perturbation tending to 0 faster than any polynomial. Our proof focuses on the Last Passage Percolation formulation of TASEP where a slow bond corresponds to reinforcing the diagonal. We give a multiscale analysis to show that when is small the effect of reinforcement remains small compared to the difference between optimal and near optimal geodesics. Since geodesics can be perturbed on many different scales, we inductively bound the tails of the effect of reinforcement by controlling the number of near optimal geodesics and giving new tail estimates for the local time of (near) geodesics along the diagonal.

Specific heat of a driven lattice gas

Calorimetry for equilibrium systems aims to determine the available microscopic occupation and distribution of energy levels by measuring thermal response. Nonequilibrium versions are expected to add information on the dynamical accessibility of those states. We perform calculations on a driven exclusion process on an array of particle stations, confirming that expectation. That Markov model produces a fermionic nonequilibrium steady state where the specific heat is computed exactly by evaluating the heat fluxes that are entirely due to a change in ambient temperature. We observe a zero-temperature divergence (violation of the Third Law) when the Fermi energy and the kinetic barrier for loading and emptying become approximately equal. Finally, when the kinetic barrier is density-dependent, a stable low-temperature regime of negative specific heat appears, indicating an anti-correlation between the temperature–dependence of the stationary occupation and the excess heat.

Nonequilibrium steady states in coupled asymmetric and symmetric exclusion processes.

We propose and study a one-dimensional (1D) model consisting of two lanes with open boundaries. One of the lanes executes diffusive and the other lane driven unidirectional or asymmetric exclusion dynamics, which are mutually coupled through particle exchanges in the bulk. We elucidate the generic nonuniform steady states in this model. We show that in a parameter regime, where hopping along the TASEP lane, diffusion along the SEP lane, and the exchange of particles between the TASEP and SEP lanes compete, the SEP diffusivity D appears as a tuning parameter for both the SEP and TASEP densities for a given exchange rate in the nonequilibrium steady states of this model. Indeed, D can be tuned to achieve phase coexistence in the asymmetric exclusion dynamics together with spatially smoothly varying density in the diffusive dynamics in the steady state. We obtain phase diagrams of the model using mean field theories, and corroborate and complement the results with stochastic Monte Carlo simulations. This model reduces to an isolated open totally asymmetric exclusion process (TASEP) and an open TASEP with bulk particle nonconserving Langmuir kinetics (LK), respectively, in the limits of vanishing and diverging particle diffusivity in the lane executing diffusive dynamics. Thus, this model works as an overarching general model, connecting both pure TASEPs and TASEPs with LK in different asymptotic limits. We further define phases in the SEP and obtain phase diagrams and show their correspondence with the TASEP phases. In addition to its significance as a 1D driven, diffusive model, this model also serves as a simple reduced model for cell biological transport by molecular motors undergoing diffusive and directed motion inside eukaryotic cells.

Application of machine learning in dementia diagnosis: A systematic literature review

According to the World Health Organization forecast, over 55 million people worldwide have dementia, and about 10 million new cases are detected yearly. Early diagnosis is essential for patients to plan for the future and deal with the disease. Machine Learning algorithms allow us to solve the problems associated with early disease detection. This work attempts to identify the current relevance of the application of machine learning in dementia prediction in the scientific world and suggests open fields for future research. The literature review was conducted by combining bibliometric and content analysis of articles originating in a period of 20 years in the Scopus database. Twenty-seven thousand five hundred twenty papers were identified firstly, of which a limited number focused on machine learning in dementia diagnosis. After the exclusion process, 202 were selected, and 25 were chosen for analysis. The recent increasing interest in the past five years in the theme of machine learning in dementia shows that it is a relevant field for research with still open questions. The methods used to identify dementia or what features are used to identify or predict this disease are explored in this study. The literature review revealed that most studies used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and its types as the main feature, accompanied by demographic data such as age, gender, and the mini-mental state examination score (MMSE). Data are usually acquired from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Classification of Alzheimer's disease is more prevalent than prediction of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) or their combination. The authors preferred machine learning algorithms such as SVM, Ensemble methods, and CNN because of their excellent performance and results in previous studies. However, most use not one machine-learning technique but a combination of techniques. Despite achieving good results in the studies considered, there are new concepts for future investigation declared by the authors and suggestions for improvements by employing promising methods with potentially significant results.

From the asymmetric simple exclusion processes to the stationary measures of the KPZ fixed point on an interval

From the asymmetric simple exclusion processes to the stationary measures of the KPZ fixed point on an interval

Exact hydrodynamics and onset of phase separation for an active exclusion process

We consider a lattice model of active matter with exclusion and derive its hydrodynamic description exactly. The hydrodynamic limit leads to an integro-differential equation for the density of particles with a given orientation. Volume exclusion results in nonlinear mobility dependent on spatial density. Such models of active matter can support motility-induced phase separation, which occurs despite the absence of attractive interactions. We study the onset of phase separation with linear stability analysis and numerical simulations.

A Bijection Between Evil-Avoiding and Rectangular Permutations

Evil-avoiding permutations, introduced by Kim and Williams in 2022, arise in the study of the inhomogeneous totally asymmetric simple exclusion process. Rectangular permutations, introduced by Chirivì, Fang, and Fourier in 2021, arise in the study of Schubert varieties and Demazure modules. Taking a suggestion of Kim and Williams, we supply an explicit bijection between evil-avoiding and rectangular permutations in $S_n$ that preserves the number of recoils. We encode these classes of permutations as regular languages and construct a length-preserving bijection between words in these regular languages. We extend the bijection to another Wilf-equivalent class of permutations, namely the $1$-almost-increasing permutations, and exhibit a bijection between rectangular permutations and walks of length $2n-2$ in a path of seven vertices starting and ending at the middle vertex.

Exact entanglement in the driven quantum symmetric simple exclusion process

Entanglement properties of driven quantum systems can potentially differ from the equilibrium situation due to long range coherences. We confirm this observation by studying a suitable toy model for mesoscopic transport: the open quantum symmetric simple exclusion process (QSSEP). We derive exact formulae for its mutual information between different subsystems in the steady state and show that it satisfies a volume law. Surprisingly, the QSSEP entanglement properties only depend on data related to its transport properties and we suspect that such a relation might hold for more general mesoscopic systems. Exploiting the free probability structure of QSSEP, we obtain these results by developing a new method to determine the eigenvalue spectrum of sub-blocks of random matrices from their so-called local free cumulants – a mathematical result on its own with potential applications in the theory of random matrices. As an illustration of this method, we show how to compute expectation values of observables in systems satisfying the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) from the local free cumulants.

Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections (PANDAS): Myth or Reality? The State of the Art on a Controversial Disease.

Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections (PANDAS) syndrome is one of the most controversial diseases in pediatric rheumatology. Despite first being described more than 25 years ago as the sudden and rapid onset of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and/or tic disorder symptoms as complications of a Group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus (GAS) infection, precise epidemiological data are still lacking, and there are no strong recommendations for its treatment. Recent advances in the comprehension of PANDAS pathophysiology are largely attributable to animal model studies and the understanding of the roles of Ca++/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaM kinase) II, disrupted dopamine release in the basal ganglia, and striatal cholinergic interneurons. The diagnosis of PANDAS should be made after an exclusion process and should include prepubescent children with a sudden onset of OCD and/or a tic disorder, with a relapsing/remitting disease course, a clear temporal association between GAS infection and onset or exacerbation of symptoms, and the association with other neurological abnormalities such as motoric hyperactivity and choreiform movements. Antibiotic medications are the primary therapeutic modality. Nonetheless, there is a paucity of randomized studies and validated data, resulting in a scarcity of solid recommendations.

Metastability due to a branching-merging structure in a simple network of an exclusion process.

We investigate a simple network, which has a branching-merging structure, using the totally asymmetric simple exclusion process, considering conflicts at the merging point. For both periodic and open boundary conditions, the system exhibits metastability. Specifically, for open boundary conditions, we observe two types of metastability: hysteresis and a nonergodic phase. We analytically determine the tipping points, that is, the critical conditions under which a small disturbance can lead to the collapse of metastability. Our findings provide insights into metastability induced by branching-merging structures, which exist in all network systems in various fields.

Re-appearance of phases in the phase diagram of asymmetrically coupled two-lane exclusion process

Inspired by the finite resources in transport systems, we propose a two-lane totally asymmetric simple exclusion process model with attachment, detachment, and a limited supply of particles. We use a generalized mean-field theory in collaboration with a finite difference scheme and boundary layer analysis to evaluate the significance of limited resources in our proposed system. The outcomes are verified using Monte Carlo simulations. The steady-state behavior of the system is determined using phase diagrams, density profiles, and phase transitions. The study reports a novel phenomenon in which a phase occupies two different regions far from each other in the phase diagrams for an intermediate value of the total number of particles in the system. We also observe unique single and multiple re-entrance transitions, double shock, and varied new mixed phases, leading to bulk-induced phase transitions as exciting findings in the present study.

A CULTURE OF SECURITY VERSUS DIGITAL EXCLUSION AS A FORM OF SOCIAL EXCLUSION

This article contains a brief description of the creation of an artificial environment, which is the outcome of the evolution of humankind’s natural environment. Its dynamic development is associated with anthropopressure. A sizeable share of scientists agree that we live in a new geological epoch called the Anthropocene (a term proposed in 2000 by Paul Crutzen, an atmospheric chemist), in which humans exert an increasingly noticeable impact on the entire planet and “reach out” into space. The modern human being no longer exists in their natural human environment, but dwells in the “technicized” one. In this article, the authors present the issues of social exclusion through the prism of newly created artificial human environments. They will look at the technicized human environment through the prism of security culture issues, of which exclusion, including digital exclusion, is one. The factor determining the functioning of ecosystems, and thus maintaining the phenomenon of life on Earth and then in Space, is the flow of energy and matter. Everything occurs in time; this very phenomenon is responsible for the aging of biocenosis, which in turn is subjected to exclusion processes in the habitat.

The Role ofOfficial Websites in Destination Branding: A Systematic Literature Review

In this study, it is aimed to examine the role of official destination websitesin destination branding processes. In theresearch, a systematic literaturereviewhas been applied. There were 58 related studies in total, and after inclusion and exclusion process finally a total of 36 studies were included in the systematic literature review.The main research themes of the studies reviewed in the research are; destination brand image, website features, interaction and finally destination brand personality.Official destination websitesare important in providing the information that potential tourists need from a reliable source. As a result, while these websites provide useful and reliable information for travelers, their interaction features are not at a satisfactory level. Therefore, it is suggested that these websites should also have interaction opportunities for users such as sharing experiences and communicating among each other and with destination representatives.

Solvation Plays a Key Role in Antioxidant-Mediated Attenuation of Elevated Creatinine Level: An In Vitro Spectroscopic Investigation.

An elevated level of creatinine (CRN) is a mark of kidney ailment, and prolonged retention of such condition could lead to renal failure, associated with severe ischemia. Antioxidants are clinically known to excrete CRN from the body through urine, thereby reducing its level in blood. The molecular mechanism of such an exclusion process is still illusive. As the excretion channel is urine, solvation of the solute is expected to play a pivotal role. Here, we report a detailed time-domain and frequency-domain terahertz (THz) spectroscopic investigation to understand the solvation of CRN in the presence of two model antioxidants, mostly used to treat elevated CRN level: N-Acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) and ascorbic acid (ASC). FTIR spectroscopy in the mid-infrared region and UV absorption spectroscopy measurements coupled with quantum chemical calculations [at the B3LYP/6-311G++(d,p) level] reveal that both NAC and ASC form HBonded complexes with CRN and rapidly undergo a barrier-less proton transfer process to form creatinium ions. THz measurements provide explicit evidence of the formation of highly solvated complexes compared with bare CRN, which eventually enables its excretion through urine. These observations could provide a foundation for designing more beneficial drugs to resolve kidney diseases..