Excellent Product Research Articles

Engineering phosphorous doped graphene quantum dots decorated on graphene hydrogel as effective photocatalyst and high-current density electrocatalyst for seawater splitting

Designing metal-free catalyst with outstanding activity for both photocatalytic and electrocatalytic seawater splitting is highly demand and still remained challenge. This work demonstrates the synthesis of P-doped graphene quantum dots (PGQDs) containing different P-configuration bonding of PC3, PO4 and PO3 via synthesis temperature controlled simple hydrothermal process. Specifically, PGQDs having PC3-bonds (PGQD3) shows effectively tunable electronic structure, significant enhancing visible light absorption, then their hybrid composite with graphene hydrogel (PGQD3/GH) is prepared. The PGQD3/GH composite possesses excellent photocatalytic hydrogen production with yield of 20.47 mmol·g−1·h−1 in seawater splitting. Furthermore, the PGQD3/GH composite performs superior electrochemical activities of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) toward seawater with an overpontetial of 41 mV at 10 mA·cm−2 as well as oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with 262 mV at 10 mA·cm−2. In seawater electrolysis cell, the PGQD3/GH composite delivers small overall voltage of 1.62 V to obtain high current density of 500 mA·cm−2 with excellent stability for 1000 h continuous operation, outperforming the commercial Pt/C and IrO2. This work demonstrates the role of PC3-bond in modulating the band gap and active site for photocatalytic and electrocatalytic seawater splitting reaction that may provide new idea for developing porous non-metal all-carbon catalyst for seawater splitting by both photocatalysis and electrocatalysis.

Improving volleyball competence: E-module-based volleyball learning media innovation

The urgent need for the creation of cutting-edge learning media in the context of volleyball learning served as the driving force behind this study. The main objective was to develop and validate the E-Module as an innovative learning tool specifically focused on skill development in volleyball. The research method applied was the development method with the ADDIE approach (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). Data collection was done through questionnaires and documentation, while data analysis used quantitative descriptive techniques. The results showed that E-Module as an innovative learning tool in volleyball can be developed successfully. This finding highlighted the important role of experts in the development of e-modules and opened up new insights into the potential of technology in supporting the learning of sport practices, especially in the context of volleyball. While the results of this study showed a positive impact, there are limitations in the context and sample of the study. Therefore, further research is needed to explore the impact of student motivation on the use of the E-Module in volleyball learning as well as generalise these findings to other sport learning contexts. This E-Module can not only be a reference for further research in the field of sports learning media development, especially volleyball, but also be recognised as an excellent product of E-Module-Based Volleyball Learning. Thus, this research contributes not only to academic knowledge but also to the practice of sports learning, especially volleyball.

Design, fabrication and characterization of mesoporous yolk–shell nanocomposites as a sustainable heterogeneous nanocatalyst for synthesis of ortho-aminocarbonitrile tetrahydronaphthalenes

A new structure of mesoporous spherical nanocomposites was designed and easily prepared from the reaction between NiCuFe2O4 nanoparticles and mesoporous silica in three steps. The prepared multi-yolk@shell NiCuFe2O4@mSiO2 mesoporous sphere was characterized by using FT-IR, XRD, VSM, EDX, BET, FE-SEM and HR-TEM techniques. This unique mesoporous nanocomposite sphere as a heterogeneous nanocatalyst has demonstrated highly catalytic activity for the green synthesis of tetrahydronaphthalene derivatives in 92–98% yields at reaction times of 60–75 min. This process was carried out through multi-component reaction of the cyclic ketone, malononitrile and aromatic aldehyde under solvent-free conditions. Furthermore, the procedure was optimized on the basis of catalyst loading amounts, various solvents and temperature conditions. This novel methodology exposes obvious benefits such as; catalyst reusability, easy reaction procedure, simplicity of work-up, excellent product yields and short reaction times.

Efektifitas Strategi Pemasaran Kopi Luwak Arabika “Rollaas” Terhadap Volume Penjualan Pada PT. Rolas Nusantara Mandiri - Surabaya

Luwak Coffee is one of excellent coffee products. Luwak Coffee was first discovered in Indonesia. At the beginning of the discovery of civet coffee, mongoose manure (Paradoxorus hermaphroditus) was obtained from the coffee garden directly. Along with the development of the age and the increasing demand of civet coffee, civet droppings are no longer obtained from wild mongoose in the garden but derived from civet droppings that eat coffee beans in the cage that has been provided civet coffee producers. PT Rolas Nusantara Mandiri is one of the companies that sell arabica civet coffee with the brand “ROLLAAS”. PT Rolas Nusantara Mandiri markets its products by applying 4P marketing mix. Pricing adjusted market prices and production costs, which is to build a networkof sales of mongoose coffee in the country, provide discount for promotion. The implementation of 4P so far has not fulfilled the company’s expectation that the target every month during 2016-2017 is still not reached. With that is necessary research conducted to determine the extent to which 4P applied company can affect the sales volume and effectiveness of marketing strategies undertaken. The results of this study indicate that influential variables are variable price, and promotion. There are several determinants of the possitive effect of price on sales volume. The possitive value of the price coefficient is due to a one-time price change and has not had a major effect on sales. Coefficient possitive values can be interpreted that there needs to be additional promotional costs if the company wants to fulfill the target. The effectiveness of marketing strategy that has been applied can be seen from the value of target fulfillment percentage. The percentage of target fulfillment is obtained from the comparison of realization with the specified target. There are still many sales targets that can not be fulfilled in 2016-2017. While the effectiveness in the mid-year months tend to have low effectiveness value. The uneveness of achievement of target every month must be solved immediately, so that the company can get income as expected or target. If the target is not met it will affect the company’s revenue

Dual-functional, highly efficient CaIn2S4/PDA@SnO2 photocatalyst with Z-Scheme for photocatalytic hydrogen production from water splitting and organic pollutant degradation

Heterojunction can be used to develop semiconductor catalysts with high photocatalytic activity. In this work, a Z-Scheme CaIn2S4(CIS)/PDA@SnO2 photocatalyst was successfully synthesized. Firstly, SnO2 hollow nanospheres were prepared by hydrothermal method. On this basis, SnO2 hollow nanospheres wrapped by polydopamine (PDA) were obtained via self-polymerization of dopamine. Finally, the CIS/PDA@SnO2 composites were synthesized via a one-step oil bath method. The heterojunction has successfully achieved effective separation of electron-hole pairs. PDA acted as a photosensitizer and an electron transfer medium in the heterojunction. Multiple characterization techniques such as XRD, SEM, TEM, BET, XPS, PL, UV–vis DRS, EPR and photoelectrochemical measurements were used for material structure and performance analysis. The photocatalytic performance of the photocatalysts was tested by photocatalytic hydrogen production from water splitting and RhB solution degradation. A flower-like close contact between CaIn2S4 and PDA@SnO2 interfaces can be obviously observed via SEM and TEM images. The band gap energies (Eg) of CaIn2S4 and PDA@SnO2 are 2.06 eV and 3.74 eV. CaIn2S4/PDA@SnO2-1(CPS-1) exhibits stronger light absorption together with lower transfer resistance compared to other samples. CPS-1 showed excellent photocatalytic hydrogen production and RhB degradation performance. Furthermore, the results of active species capture experiments, Mott-Schottky curve, XPS measurement and other tests show that it is logical to use the Z-Scheme charge mobility process to explain the better photocatalytic activity of the CIS/PDA@SnO2 composite. This work will present an efficient option for the fabrication of Z-Scheme heterojunctions and possibly further develop a new avenue for the control of the structure of semiconductor photocatalysts.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF PICO HYDRO POWER PLANT BY UTILIZING IRRIGATION FLOW IN KASAMBANG VILLAGE OF MAMUJU REGENCY

Piko Hydro Power Plant (PLTPH) is one of the power plants that uses water as an energy source. Piko hydro is included in the category of hydropower with small power because there is no need to use too large a water discharge to produce power. The tool developed in this study is a Piko Hydro Power Plant by Utilizing Irrigation Flow. The purpose of the research is to determine the results of the development of Piko Hydro Power Plant equipment, the electrical energy produced, and the response of the community. The research method used is quantitative descriptive with the type of Research and Development (R & D) research and prototype development model consisting of 4 steps, namely needs analysis, building prototypes, installing, and evaluating. The research data obtained by making observations, questionnaires/questionnaires, and documentation. The results showed that the pico hydro power plant worked well, indicated by the excellent product validation value. The waterwheel at the plant has a maximum power of 308 watts. In the development with the application of the MPPT type charger control regulator, results were obtained able to stabilize the electrical energy produced and increase the power capability of the power plant with the help of backup battery supply. For the results of the responses of the people of Kasambang Village, Mamuju Regency as many as 15 respondents, very decent results were obtained.

Near-infrared-responsive nanoplatforms integrating dye-sensitized upconversion and heavy-atom effect for enhanced photodynamic therapy efficacy

The development of near-infrared (NIR)-responsive upconversion nanoplatforms for photodynamic therapy (PDT) has attracted considerable attention in recent years, but is still limited by the low PDT efficacy. Herein, we designed and synthesized a NIR-responsive nanoplatform through the integration of lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), Pt-decorated porphyrin metal-organic frameworks (PMOFs) and NIR dye IR808 into a core-shell structure for highly efficient antibacterial PDT. The PMOF shell can function not only as a photosensitizer to absorb the upconversion luminescence (UCL) of UCNPs for singlet oxygen (1O2) generation, but also as a porous host material for loading of IR808. Remarkably, we demonstrated that the heavy-atom effect of Pt(II) can simultaneously enhance the intersystem crossing (S1→T1) efficiencies of the IR808 and the porphyrin ligand Pt-TCPP, resulting in the enhancement of dye-triplet-sensitized UCL of UCNPs and 1O2 production capacity of the photosensitizer. As a result, the proposed nanoplatform exhibited excellent 1O2 production and a significant bactericidal activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with 5.27 log10 (> 99.999%) killing efficacy. These findings will pave the way for designing highly efficient PDT nanoplatforms and accelerate their biomedical applications.

Triethanolamine-based deep eutectic solvent as a novel, biocompatible, reusable, and efficient dual catalyst/solvent media for the selective tosylation and mesylation of phenols

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs), which usually consist of a hydrogen bond donor and a hydrogen bond acceptor, have recently been widely studied as effective and useful solvents for various applications due to their tunability, biodegradability, and low cost of synthesis. In this work, we prepared and identified [benzyl (2-hydroxyethyl) dimethyl azanium chloride] [Triethanolamine]2 as a novel DES by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), cyclic voltammetry (CV), the potential of hydrogen (pH), refractive index, viscosity, and conductivity. This DES, which is a reusable catalyst/solvent system, was applied for the selective tosylation of phenols under mild conditions. This DES can easily be recycled up to four times without significantly affecting the reaction progress. The advantages of this protocol are the absence of any additives, ligands and metals, as well as the use of a dual solvent/catalyst system, which includes easy preparation, stability and reusability, short reaction time, and excellent product yield.

Development of a bispecific Nanobody anti-F17 fimbria as a potential therapeutic tool

Pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli F17+ are associated with various intestinal and extra-intestinal pathologies, including diarrhea, and result in significant animal mortality. These infections rely on the expression of virulence factors, such as F17 fimbriae, for adhesion. F17 fimbriae form a protective layer on the surface of E. coli bacteria, consisting of a major structural subunit, F17A, and a minor functional subunit, F17G. Because of the evolution of bacterial resistance, conventional antibiotic treatments have limited efficacy. Therefore, there is a pressing need to develop novel therapeutic tools. In this study, we cloned and produced the F17G protein. We then immunized a camel with the purified F17G protein and constructed a VHH library consisting of 2 × 109 clones. The library was then screened against F17G protein using phage display technology. Through this process, we identified an anti-F17G nanobody that was subsequently linked, via a linker, to an anti-F17A nanobody, resulting in the creation of an effective bispecific nanobody. Comprehensive characterization of this bispecific nanobody demonstrated excellent production, specific binding capacity to both recombinant forms of the two F17 antigens and the E. coli F17+ strain, remarkable stability in camel serum, and superior resistance to pepsin protease. The successful generation of this bispecific nanobody with excellent production, specific binding capacity and stability highlights its potential as a valuable tool for fighting infections caused by pathogenic E. coli F17+ strain.

A novel graphitic carbon nitride photocatalyst with ultramicro amounts of intramolecular donor-acceptor structures for excellent photocatalytic hydrogen production

In this study, facile supramolecular thermal polymerization was employed for an attempt to modify graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) using ultramicro amounts of diphenylamino-4-benzaldehyde as the dopant, and melamine and cyanuric chloride as the raw materials. The reaction of aldehyde-amine achieved diphenylamino-4-benzaldehyde grafting onto the edge of the heptazine ring of g-C3N4, resulting in the formation of a novel g-C3N4 with intramolecular twisted donor–acceptor (D-A) structures known as CN-Dxmg. It was confirmed that addition of 2 mg (0.67 wt‰) of diphenylamine-4-benzaldehyde as the donor regulated the energy level distribution of CN-D2mg, and as-obtained intramolecular D-A structures can promote the photogenerated carrier separation and migration of CN-D2mg through a directional channel for electron transfer from diphenylamine-4-benzaldehyde to heptazine. The results indicate that CN-D2mg photocatalyst has a high hydrogen production rate of 14581.1 μmol·h−1·g−1 at 420 nm under visible light irradiation, which is 1.6 times higher than that of pristine g-C3N4. The study presents an effective approach for large-scale applications involving g-C3N4 photocatalyst in clean energy production.

Fe acting as functionalized auxiliary agents in nitrogen-doped carbon supported Ni-based catalysts for electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction: Effect of valence state

Converting CO2 into useful chemicals is an effective measure to address the energy crisis and the greenhouse effect. CO2RR has become a research hotspot due to its mild conditions. Ni-N-C catalysts are known as promising electrocatalysts, while achieving atomic level dispersion of Ni on the surface of the carrier is still facing challenges. In this work, various N-doped carbon supported Ni-based catalysts were synthesized by selecting Fe2+/Fe3+ as functionalized auxiliary agents in precursors. Different coordination situations of Fe(III)/Ni@NC and Fe(II)/Ni@NC are formed which derived from the valence state of Fe. During the synthesis process of Fe(III)/Ni@NC, Ni2+ replaced Fe3+ through competitive complexation, thereby achieving atomic level dispersion of Ni atoms on the catalyst surface. XAS confirms that Fe(III)/Ni@NC is a Ni-single-atom catalyst with Ni-N4 coordination. In contrast, Fe(II)/Ni@NC contains Ni3C/Ni nanoparticles coated with carbon layer, which shows a characteristic peak approaching to 2.12 Å related to the metallic Ni-Ni bonds. In the H-type cell, the FECO of Fe(III)/Ni@NC achieves 97.8 % at −0.83 V and maintains over 95 % in a wide potential window. The in-situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirms that the excellent product CO selectivity in CO2RR is due to the accumulation of *COOH intermediates at the active sites. Significantly, Fe(III)/Ni@NC shows excellent performance in the flow cell with FECO over 96 % from −40 to −140 mA cm−2. This work reveals the impact of Fe valence state of functionalized auxiliary agents on the electrocatalytic performance of materials, which provides a new approach for designing high-performance atomically dispersed electrocatalysts.

Study on extraction and characterization of anchote (Coccinia abyssinica) starch and reinforced enset (Ensete ventricosum) fiber for the production of reinforced bioplastic film

Population expansion is causing an increase in dependence on plastic materials. The worst aspects of conventional plastics were their inability to biodegrade, their poor capacity to transmit water vapor, and their production of greenhouse gases. Usages of bioplastics are necessary for the advancement of a green economy and environment in order to eradicate these drawbacks of traditional plastics. In this study, reinforced bioplastic film was produced from anchote (Coccinia Abyssinica) starch and enset (Ensete Ventricosum) fiber. Starch from anchote was extracted and its properties were characterized via adequate techniques. The maximum carbohydrate content (86.26 ± 0.25%w/w) of anchote starch indicates that it is suitable feedstock for plastic film production. In addition, extracted starch was characterized by SEM, FTIR, TGA and XRD. The reinforcing material enset fiber was extracted and characterized by FTIR and XRD. The results of both feedstock materials exhibited the good characteristics and viability for bioplastic film production. Enset fiber loadings used were 0 %, 4 %, 8 %, 12 % and 16 % w/w in starch basis. Tensile strength, elongation, thickness, moisture content, transparency, solubility and density of produced bioplastic were determined. Tensile force grew and elongation reduced as fiber loading rose up to 8 %. The tensile strength gradually declined with increasing fiber loading. Additionally, the created bioplastic film's groups of functions and chemical bonds were examined. In comparison to unreinforced plastic film, the results showed that the reinforced bioplastic film used in this study was an excellent and effective product.

ZIF-67-derived hollow CoS and Mn0·2Cd0·8S to form a type-II heterojunction for boosting photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

Photocatalytic hydrogen production technology is an effective method for solving environmental pollution problems and obtaining renewable energy. In order to improve the efficiency of hydrogen production, the development of new photocatalysts with high activity and stability remains a great challenge. In this work, we report the formation of CoS/Mn0·2Cd0·8S heterostructures by combining ZIF-67-derived CoS with Mn0·2Cd0·8S using a template method and exhibiting excellent photocatalytic hydrogen production performance. Systematic studies have shown that the CoS/Mn0·2Cd0·8S heterostructure has a strong light-trapping ability, which enhances charge separation and transfer due to its abundant reactive sites and heterostructure. The photocatalytic hydrogen production rate under visible light conditions was 43.7 mmol g−1 h−1, which was 43.7 and 14.1 times higher than that of pure CoS and pure Mn0·2Cd0·8S, respectively. Importantly, the photocatalytic performance remained essentially unchanged after four cycles. In addition, the internal space of CoS/Mn0·2Cd0·8S can be effectively utilized to provide abundant reaction sites, which further promotes the photocatalytic hydrogen production.

Capability Studies as a Key Driver for Product and Pro-Cess Quality Assurance in Industrialization Process

Abstract Customer satisfaction has long been an important concern for most organizations aiming to provide and ensure excellent quality products. To offer an appropriate level of quality assurance, it is necessary to have implemented a robust quality assurance system. Nowadays, mere customer satisfaction is not sufficient for organizations to sustain a mutually beneficial relationship. There has arisen a necessary requirement to go beyond customer satisfaction, aiming primarily to achieve a level of socalled cus-tomer delight. To attain sustainable product and process quality assurance and, consequently, customer delight, we must address process capability. This includes gauges, machines, and the overall process and product capability, with a specific emphasis on the design and development process, product reali-zation, and the initial flow. This also includes data gathering from the utilization stage of product opera-tion. This article deals with the capability study during the industrialization process of a new product into serial production, using chosen Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), particularly Capability indices and their sequence, to ensure the appropriate level of quality guarantee and customer delight. The article aims to broaden the existing set of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) by incorporating crucial metrics from the quality domain, with a particular emphasis on Capability indices.

Factors Influencing Customer Satisfaction: Empirical Study at Bank Muamalat Madiun Branch

Introduction: Customer satisfaction aims to create, rectify, and maintain customers' loyalty towards a bank and its products. When customers feel satisfied, they are more likely to repeat purchases with the bank and recommend them to others. Research Methods: This study aims to determine whether excellent service, product quality, and complaints handling influence customer satisfaction at Bank Muamalat Madiun Branch. The research employs a quantitative approach, utilizing primary data collected through questionnaires distributed to 100 respondents, a sample from the total population of 8,920 savings account holders at Bank Muamalat Madiun Branch. Hypothesis testing is conducted using multiple regression analysis with the assistance of SPSS 21 for Windows. Results: The findings reveal that excellent service, product quality, and complaints handling positively and significantly impact customer satisfaction at Bank Muamalat Madiun Branch. This supports the assumption that satisfied customers are more likely to engage in repeat transactions and recommend the bank to others. Conclusion: The implications of this research can serve as a strategic foundation for Bank Muamalat to enhance its services, product quality, and customer complaint resolution, fostering customer satisfaction and supporting sustained long-term growth.

Preparation and performance evaluation of low temperature SOEC using lithium compounds as electrodes

Previous studies have found that in ceramic fuel cells using Ni0·8Co0·15Al0·05LiO2 (NCAL) as the electrode, lithium compounds such as LiOH generated by reduction of NCAL anode by H2 diffuse into oxide electrolyte membranes such as Gd0.1Ce0·9O2 (GDC), and the “GDC-lithium compounds” composite electrolyte formed online is an excellent proton conductor. In this paper, the low-temperature electrolysis performance of proton conductor type solid oxide electrolysis cell (P-SOEC) with GDC as electrolyte and NCAL as electrode for direct electrochemical conversion of H2O into H2 was investigated. It is found that at operation temperature of 550 °C, the current density of the SOEC prepared in this paper can reach 2.263 A cm−2 at 1.6 V. The composite electrolyte in the electrolysis cell reaches an ionic conductivity of 0.572 S cm−1 in the SOEC mode. The excellent hydrogen production performance proves that this new type of electrolysis cell with lithium compounds as electrodes is a promising and potential proton conductive low-temperature SOEC.

Constructing In2S3/CdS/N-rGO Hybrid Nanosheets via One-Pot Pyrolysis for Boosting and Stabilizing Visible Light-Driven Hydrogen Evolution

The construction of hybrid junctions remains challenging for the rational design of visible light-driven photocatalysts. Herein, In2S3/CdS/N-rGO hybrid nanosheets were successfully prepared via a one-step pyrolysis method using deep eutectic solvents as precursors. Benefiting from the surfactant-free pyrolysis method, the obtained ultrathin hybrid nanosheets assemble into stable three-dimensional self-standing superstructures. The tremella-like structure of hybrid In2S3/N-rGO exhibits excellent photocatalytic hydrogen production performance. The hydrogen evolution rate is 10.9 mmol·g−1·h−1, which is greatly superior to CdS/N-rGO (3.7 mmol·g−1·h−1) and In2S3/N-rGO (2.6 mmol·g−1·h−1). This work provides more opportunities for the rational design and fabrication of hybrid ultrathin nanosheets for broad catalytic applications in sustainable energy and the environment.

How to Mediate the Healthy and Sustainable Development of Live Streaming Shopping

At the end of 2019, "COVID-19" pandemic broke out suddenly, which made people's lifestyle change greatly. With the spread of the epidemic, offline activities are limited, and people's shopping style has also changed, move from offline shopping to online shopping suddenly. With consumers' aesthetic exhaustion in the original shopping mall, live streaming shopping, as a new shopping mode, has entered more people's field of vision and was quickly accepted by the public. With the rapid development of Internet technology, live streaming shopping has been developing extremely fast. More and more people are pouring into live streaming shopping, and more and more consumers are gradually recognizing and participating in this new shopping mode. However, how to mediate the healthy and sustainable development of live streaming shopping remains unclear and deserves further investigation. During the research process, the researchers conducted an in-depth paper review. This technique is ideal for estimating how to mediate the healthy and sustainable development of live streaming shopping has been widely employed in many social-science studies on customer behaviors analysis. Research found that the important factor affecting live shopping was consumers' keen on high quality and low-price products. Products with low prices and excellent products attracted most attention. In terms of how to mediate the healthy and sustainable development of live streaming shopping, specific solutions are put forward, manufacturers should provide high-quality products; improve relevant laws and policies; increase supervision on tax paying and livestreamer should strengthen rational guidance to consumers and guide rational consumption, so that livestreaming shopping can develop healthily, stably and orderly.

Spin-polarization and crystal structure engineering enhanced photocatalytic H2 production and photoluminescence properties in cobalt-doped CsPbBr3

In this study, the effect of Co doping in CsPbBr3 perovskite on phase transition and photocatalytic hydrogen production under a magnetic field was studied. Square CsPbBr3 nanoparticles with a dimension of 30–40 nm have been synthesized by the hot injection method. Rietveld refinement on the XRD pattern revealed the phase transition from cubic to orthorhombic after Co doping. The addition of 3%Co to CsPbBr3 resulted in a significant hydrogen production capacity of 3500 μmol/g in 4 h, with the maximum hydrogen production rate of 1042.11 μmol/g·h in the first hour, which was 1.80 times the maximum hydrogen production rate of bare CsPbBr3 (581.66 μmol/g·h). Notably, the photocatalytic H2 production of 3%Co: CsPbBr3 perovskite is significantly enhanced by applying an external magnetic field. Under the magnetic field of 2 T, the hydrogen production capacity of Co: CsPbBr3 increased to 5300 μmol/g in 4 h, with the maximum hydrogen production rate of 1828.36 μmol/g·h in the first hour, being 3.14 times the maximum hydrogen production rate of CsPbBr3 without magnetic field. The corresponding mechanism is systematically investigated by a vibrating-sample magnetometer, Electron paramagnetic resonance, UV–visible absorption, and photoluminescence spectra. The photocurrent and EIS were applied to investigate the charge-transfer kinetics of Co–CsPbBr3. The excellent photocatalytic H2 production efficiencies are because the doping of magnetic Co into highly polarized orthorhombic CsPbBr3 increased the number of spin-polarized photo-generated carriers while applying magnetic field provided spin polarization and more electron transport channels, suppressing the recombination efficiency of electrons and holes. Manipulating spin-polarized electrons in highly polarized orthorhombic photocatalytic semiconductors provides an effective strategy to boost photocatalytic H2 production efficiencies.

Construction of IO-B-TiO2/In2O3 S-scheme heterojunction with photothermal effects and its highly efficient photocatalytic reduction of CO2 under full-spectrum light

The conversion of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2) into fuel and high-value chemical materials using solar energy is considered as a viable solution to the environmental pollution and the alleviation of the energy crisis. Herein, a black titanium dioxide/indium oxide S-scheme heterojunction (IO-B-TiO2/In2O3) with a three-dimensional porous inverse opal structure was prepared. In the photocatalytic reduction of CO2, IO-B-TiO2/In2O3 exhibited an excellent CO production rate (251.25 μmol·g−1·h−1), being 8.62 and 1.55 times of pure IO-TiO2 and IO-B-TiO2/In2O3 under non-photothermal conditions, respectively. A series of characterizations and theoretical calculations (DFT) systematically demonstrated that the excellent photocatalytic performance results from the full spectral response of the material, fast charge separation and transport efficiency, and superior photothermal conversion efficiency of the infrared light. This work will provide a promising insight to the design of S-scheme catalysts with outstanding photocatalytic performance via photothermal assistance and the improved solar energy conversion efficiency.