Excellent Cycling Stability Research Articles

Novel paddy-like Bi-Sb-Cu alloy fabricated via pulse reverse potential electrodeposition enabling high-performance sodium-ion batteries

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have gained remarkable interest as cost-effective and scalable energy storage devices. Nevertheless, their further application has been significantly hindered due to the limited selection of desirable anode materials that can provide both high capacity and excellent cycling stability. Herein, we developed a hierarchical paddy-like Bi42.3Sb35.2Cu22.5 alloy anode on Cu foil via template-free pulse reverse potential electrodeposition. The Bi42.3Sb35.2Cu22.5 anode obtains a considerable specific capacity of 529.5 mAh·g−1 after 120 cycles with a remarkable capacity retention of 95.5 %, signifying a capacity loss of only 0.0375 % per cycle. However, Bi44.9Sb55.1 anodes obtained by the pulse potential electrodeposition strategy reveal a conventional irregular cluster structure, delivering only 64.5 mAh·g−1 after 100 cycles and also demonstrating inferior rate performance compared to Bi42.3Sb35.2Cu22.5 anodes. The enhanced cycling performance of the paddy-like Bi42.3Sb35.2Cu22.5 anode is primarily attributed to the introduced Cu-doped network facilitating the rapid diffusion of Na+ and also ensuring the stability of the electrode structure. Moreover, the unique paddy-like structure of Bi42.3Sb35.2Cu22.5 mitigates volume expansion-related stress and facilitates efficient charge transport through open channels. This is further corroborated by conducting CV measurements, indicating a greater capacitive contribution in the case of the Bi42.3Sb35.2Cu22.5 electrode compared to the Bi44.9Sb55.1 electrode. Additionally, SEM images show a stabilized surface morphology for the Bi42.3Sb35.2Cu22.5 electrode after cycling, demonstrating improved electrochemical performance. This work offers new insights into the development of high-performance anode materials for SIBs.

Iodine intercalation-assisted alkali activation constructs coal-based porous carbon for high-performance supercapacitors

Supercapacitors have the advantages of fast charging and discharging speeds, high power density, long cycle life, and wide operating temperature range. They are widely used in portable electronic equipment, rail transit, industry, military, aerospace, and other fields. The design and preparation of low-cost, high-performance electrode materials still pose a bottleneck that hinders the development of supercapacitors. In this paper, coal was used as the raw material, and the coal-based porous carbon electrode material was constructed using the iodine intercalation-assisted activation method and used for supercapacitors. The CK-700 electrode exhibits excellent charge storage performance in a 6 M potassium hydroxide (KOH) electrolyte, with a maximum specific capacitance of 350 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g. In addition, it has an excellent rate performance (310 F/g at 1 A/g) and cycle stability (capacitance retention up to 91.7 % after 30000 cycles). This work provides a method for realizing high-quality, high-yield and low-cost preparation of coal-based porous carbon, and an idea for improving the performance of supercapacitors.

A low-cost all-iron hybrid redox flow batteries enabled by deep eutectic solvents

Redox flow batteries (RFBs) emerge as highly promising candidates for grid-scale energy storage, demonstrating exceptional scalability and effectively decoupling energy and power attributes. Nevertheless, the high cost of vanadium metal hinders the continued commercialization of vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs), prompting the exploration of low-cost all-iron RFBs as a viable alternative. In this context, we propose an innovative deep eutectic-based all-iron hybrid RFBs. By synthesizing a deep eutectic solvent through the mixture of choline chloride, ethylene glycol, and an appropriate amount of deionized water, the deficiencies in mass transport performance of the deep eutectic electrolyte have been successfully addressed, while enhancing its conductivity. The deep eutectic solvents facilitate the restructuring of the solvent shell surrounding the negative electrolyte Fe2+, effectively suppressing its hydrolysis. Additionally, the synergistic interaction between the restructured solvation structure and the chelating ring structure formed between Fe2+ and glycine improves the deposition morphology of iron. Simultaneously, utilizing a eutectic-based positive electrolyte improves the solubility of active substances while maintaining excellent cycling stability and mass transport performance. The entire battery system exhibits an average coulombic efficiency exceeding 98 % in a 360-hour charge–discharge cycle at 10 mA/cm2. In the first 66 cycles, the coulombic efficiency remains at 100 %, and the energy efficiency approaches 54 %. This indicates that the battery system developed using deep eutectic solvents demonstrates promising applications within the same category of eutectic-based batteries.

Construction of La2O3/AgCl S-scheme heterojunction with interfacial chemical bond for efficient photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A

The formation of interfacial chemical bonds in S-scheme heterostructure is a crucial factor to realize efficient interfacial charge transfer. High-energy mechanical ball-milling is an effective method to form interfacial chemical bonds. In this work, an S-scheme La2O3/AgCl heterojunction catalyst was designed and prepared by ball-milling method. XPS, FTIR and Raman measurements showed that La-Cl chemical bond was formed at the interface of La2O3 and AgCl and an S-scheme charge transfer path mechanism existed in the La2O3/AgCl composite. The results of electrochemistry, photo-electrochemistry, capture experiments, free radical measurement and EPR verified that the S-scheme heterojunction and the interfacial La-Cl bond significantly accelerated the charge transfer rate between La2O3 and AgCl, and enhanced the photocatalytic capability of the composite catalysts. The degradation rate of bisphenol A by La2O3/AgCl heterojunction composite (LA50) reached 99 % in 20 min, and it also had excellent anti-interference ability and cycling stability. The toxicity of the degradation intermediates of bisphenol A was much less than itself, as calculated by TEST simulation. This work provided a promising strategy for improving the performance of S-scheme heterojunction catalysts by introducing interfacial chemical bonds as charge transfer channels.

ZnMnCo-S nanoneedle arrays as battery-type eletrodes for high-performance hybrid supercapacitors

Transition metal sulfides are used in the field of supercapacitors due to their remarkable electrical conductivity and superior energy density. However, few research has been conducted on how the sulfidation process affects the structure and electrochemical properties of electrodes. The nanoneedle array Zn-Mn-Co sulfide (ZMC-S/NF) electrode is prepared by directly growing on nickel foam (NF) via a two-step hydrothermal technique. During the first step, the Zn-Mn-Co carbonate hydroxide nanoneedle skeleton can be obtained. During the second step, the nanoneedle skeletons are etched, and rough nanoneedle arrays are created by the introduced sulfur ions,i.e., the sulfidation process. The ZMC-S/NF electrode exhibits a specific capacity of 1401.0 C g−1 at 2 A g−1. It still has excellent rate performance with a specific capacity of 1015.3 C g−1 at 20 A g−1. Moreover, it exhibits excellent cycling stability with 81.9% capacity retention after 10,000 cycles. ZMC-S/NF as the cathode and activated carbon (AC) as the anode are assembled to be a hybrid supercapacitor (HSC), which has an energy density of 43.4 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 700.4 W kg−1. The effect of adding Zn and Mn to the Co3S4 on energy band structure and density of states during the sulfidation process is calculated by the DFT. The HSC devices constructed by two series-connected ZMC-S/NF//AC can light a star made by ten 1.8 V-red Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) for 10 minutes.

Amphiphilic ionic liquid hydrogel electrolytes with high ionic conductivity towards dendrite-free ultra-stable aqueous zinc ion batteries

Aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) are highly promising as large-scale energy storage devices with high capacity, safety, and low cost. However, the parasitic reaction on the of Zn anode and the growth of Zn dendrites greatly prevent the practical application of AZIBs. Here, we propose an effective strategy with hydrogel electrolytes by adding dual amphiphilic ionic liquids into acrylamide, allowing for the occurrence of the following phenomena related to the Zn anode: 1) Zn2+ preferential adsorption by the amphiphilic ionic groups to regulate the electrodeposition behavior of Zn2+ on the Zn(002) crystal surface and inhibit the growth of Zn dendrites; 2) water removal from the Zn2+ solvation sheath, reducing water activity and inhibiting side reactions; 3) improved environmental adaptability of the hydrogel electrolyte through enhancing its mechanical properties and adhesion. The obtained hydrogel electrolyte has a high ionic conductivity of 41.47 mS/cm, a highly reversible Zn plating/stripping cycle of 1400 h in Zn||Zn symmetric batteries and an enhanced electrochemical performance in Zn||NVO full batteries (94 % capacity retention at 5.0 A g−1/3000 cycles). Even under harsh conditions (10 mA cm−2/10 mAh cm−2), these cells maintained excellent cycling stability. This study provides new ideas for the practical applications of AZIBs.

Tough, Freeze-Resistant, Pressure-Response Gel Polymer Electrolytes with Redox Pairs for Flexible Supercapacitors.

Gel polymer electrolytes are an indispensable part of flexible supercapacitors, since their various characteristics determine the device performance. Here, a composite gel electrolyte (FLPS) mainly consisting of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), sodium alginate (SA), K3Fe(CN)6/K4Fe(CN)6, and LiCl is rationally designed, in which PVA and SA form a robust three-dimensional network, the redox pair of K3Fe(CN)6/K4Fe(CN)6 serves as a cross-linking agent with SA and even donates the oxidation-reduction reaction from the Fe3+/Fe2+ couple with additional capacitance for the device, and LiCl functions as an ion carrier and a water-retaining salt to improve the long-term stability of FLPS. Thus, the FLPS-based supercapacitor exhibits superior electrochemical characteristics, displaying impressive pseudocapacitance across all current densities and excellent cycling stability (∼99.07% of capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles). Moreover, the FLPS-based supercapacitor demonstrates great low-temperature working ability and pressure responsiveness, suggesting its freeze-resistance, flexibility, and pressure sensing potential. This work provides a promising strategy for preparing tough gel polymer electrolytes with both ion transfer and charge storage ability.

High-performance flexible planner device featuring WS2 electrode and non-aqueous polymeric ionic electrolytes incorporated with ionic liquid and dual redox additives

Introducing redox-active species to enhance redox-activity at electrode–electrolyte interfaces, and designing the rational architecture of flexible supercapacitors comprising high-performance active materials and electrolytes with a wide potential window would be a key strategy to boost energy and power density. Herein, for the first time, we prepared an ionic liquid-based polymer electrolyte (IL/PE) by entrapping ionic liquid N-methyl-N-butyl pyrrolidinium bis (trifluoromethane sulfonyl) imide (P14TFSI)) in a polymer electrolyte Poly (diallyl dimethylammonium bis (trifluoromethane sulfonyl) imide (PDADMATFSI)) and blended with dual redox-additives (potassium iodide, KI and diphenylamine, DPA). The IL/PE with dual redox additives, demonstrates spectacular flexibility, high ionic conductivity (∼23.8 × 10−4 S cm−1), and stability in a wide potential window (∼5.9 V). A symmetrical interdigitated planner device is fabricated using dual redox-active IL/PE and flower-like WS2 electrode material. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of dual redox-active additive, the highest energy density of 47.86 µWh cm−2 at a power density of 3509 µW cm−2, and a high working potential (3 V) with excellent cycling stability upto 20,000 cycles has been achieved.

Dual–ion symmetric hybrid supercapacitor built by vanadium oxide with expanded interlayers: The intercalation of cation–anion pair and reversible redox of anion excited by Al3+

The development of aluminum ion batteries (AIBs) is retarded by the low capacity of intercalation cathode and ineffective aluminum dissolution/deposition at Al anode. To solve the issues, benzoquinone(BQ)–preinserted hydrated vanadium oxide formulated as (BQ)0.04V2O5·0.87H2O (BQ-VO) with a large interlayer spacing of 13.3 Å was synthesized, which was used as both cathode and anode with Al(ClO4)3 acetonitrile (AN) electrolyte to fabricate a symmetric aluminum–ion supercapacitor. BQ-VO delivers a large capacity of ~152 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 in the range of 0–1.5 V, which is associated with the intercalation of ion (such as ClO4−, Al3+ or Al3+ − ClO4− pair) into BQ-VO and the reversible redox reaction of ClO4− ↔ Cl−, giving rise to a novel symmetric dual–ion hybrid supercapacitor. The reversible conversion of ClO4− ↔ Cl− is not observed in NaClO4 AN electrolyte, which is only excited by Al3+, leading to a continuous increasing capacity in the early stage of the cycling test. On the contrary, in the NaClO4 AN electrolyte, BQ-VO illustrates a surface-controlled capacitive performance with excellent cycling stability. Molecular dynamic (MD) simulations reveal that Al3+ and Na+ possess different solvation/anion sheaths, leading to different electrochemical performances of BQ-VO in the Al(ClO4)3 and NaClO4 electrolytes. The present work provides a routine to utilize the redox reaction of halide for energy storage.

In situ high‐quality LiF/Li3N inorganic and phenyl‐based organic solid electrolyte interphases for advanced lithium–oxygen batteries

AbstractLithium metal shows a great advantage as the most promising anode for its unparalleled theoretical specific capacity and extremely low electrochemical potential. However, uncontrolled lithium dendrite growth and severe side reactions of the reactive intermediates and organic electrolytes still limit the broad application of lithium metal batteries. Herein, we propose 4‐nitrobenzenesulfonyl fluoride (NBSF) as an electrolyte additive for forming a stable organic–inorganic hybrid solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer on the lithium surface. The abundance of lithium fluoride and lithium nitride can guarantee the SEI layer's toughness and high ionic conductivity, achieving dendrite‐free lithium deposition. Meanwhile, the phenyl group of NBSF significantly contributes to both the chemical stability of the SEI layer and the good adaptation to volume changes of the lithium anode. The lithium–oxygen batteries with NBSF exhibit prolonged cycle lives and excellent cycling stability. This simple approach is hoped to improve the development of the organic–inorganic SEI layer to stabilize the lithium anodes for lithium–oxygen batteries.

Synthesis of Flower-like Crystal Nickel–Cobalt Sulfide and Its Supercapacitor Performance

In order to improve the pseudocapacitance performance of metal sulfide electrode materials and obtain supercapacitor energy storage devices with excellent electrochemical reversibility and long-term cycle stability, the synthesis of flower-shaped crystal nickel–cobalt sulfide and its supercapacitor performance were studied. NiCo2S4 flower-shaped crystal nickel–cobalt sulfide was prepared by the hydrothermal method with nickel foam as the raw material, and electrode materials were added to prepare supercapacitor electrodes for testing of the supercapacitor performance. The physical properties of flower-shaped crystal nickel–cobalt sulfide were tested by a scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope, and the voltammetric cycle and constant current charge and discharge of supercapacitor electrodes prepared from this sulfide were analyzed through experiments. The experimental results showed that the flower crystal microstructure had a positive effect on the electrochemical properties. The capacitance value was always high at different current densities, and the capacity was as high as 3867.8 A/g at pH 12. After 2000 voltage–charge–discharge cycle tests, the petal-like sulfide capacity still had a retention rate of 90.57, the flower crystal nickel–cobalt sulfide still showed an excellent supercapacitor performance and the specific capacity was still high, which demonstrates that this sulfide has excellent cyclic stability and durability in electrochemical applications.

Interfacial Chemistry Design for Hybrid Lithium‐Ion/Metal Batteries Under Extreme Conditions

AbstractThe storage behavior of Li ions in the anode limits the energy density of full cell. Storing entirely as Li ions sacrifices energy density while storing entirely as Li metal shortens cycle life. The hybrid behavior maximizes both energy density and lifespan through good anode candidate and interface engineering. In this work, Li ions storage is tailored in carbon film (CF) as a hybrid Li‐ion/metal to reduce Li metal consumption at low N/P ratios. A series of weakly solvating electrolytes are screened to enhance the Li intercalation ability of the CF anode while inducing highly reversible Li metal plating/stripping. Among them, 1 m LiFSI‐THF‐0.5 wt.%LiNO3 electrolyte achieves a low interfacial energy barrier, allowing the CF anode not only to have the highest intercalation capacity of 236.5 mAh g−1, but also to exhibit excellent cycling stability and high Coulombic efficiency, even at fast charging and low temperature. The NCM811||CF full cell with a low N/P ratio of 0.5 delivers a capacity of 527.3 mAh g−1 at 25 °C, and 381.5 mAh g−1 at −20 °C, achieving energy densities of 312.6 and 223.7 Wh kg−1, respectively. 100 mAh pouch cell can be cycled stably over 500 cycles, with a capacity retention of 83.0%.

Activating the Intrinsic Zincophilicity of PAM Hydrogel to Stabilize the Metal-Electrolyte Dynamic Interface for Stable and Long-Life Zinc Metal Batteries.

As a potential material to solve rampant dendrites and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) problem of aqueous zinc metal batteries (AZMB), hydrogel electrolytes usually require additional additives or multi-molecular network strategies to solve existing problems of ionic conductivity, mechanical properties and interface stability. However, the intrinsic zincophilic properties of the gel itself are widely neglected leading to the addition of additional molecules and the complexity of the preparation process. In this work, we innovatively utilize the characteristics of acrylamide's high zincophilic group density, activating the intrinsic zincophilic properties of PAM gel through a simple concentration control strategy which reconstructs a novel zinc-electrolyte interface different from conventional PAM electrolyte. The activated novel gel electrolyte with intrinsic zincophilic properties has high ionic conductivity and effectively suppresses water activity, thereby inhibiting HER corrosion. Meanwhile, it induces uniform deposition of (002) crystal planes, leading to excellent deposition kinetics and long cycle life, thereby ensuring high interfacial stability. Compared with conventional PAM gel electrolytes, the activated zincophilic group-rich hydrogel maintained excellent cycling stability (1 mA/cm2, 1 mAh/cm2) over 2250 hours; The Zn//MnO₂ coin cell using novel zincophilic group -rich hydrogel still retains a high specific capacity of more than 170 mAh/g at 0.5 A/g after 1000 cycles.

Improved Cycling Stability of LFP by W-Ti Co-Doping Strategy for Li-Ion Batteries

Olivine-type lithium iron phosphate (LFP) is used widely as a cathode material with excellent cycling stability, thermal stability, and low cost for lithium-ion batteries in power vehicles and energy storage. However, it has inherent drawbacks that limit its further development, such as low electronic conductivity and lithium ion diffusion rate. Here, secondary spherical particles LFP-W/Ti@C were synthesized using a simple sanding and spray drying method. The pyrolysis of glucose forms a uniform and dense amorphous carbon on the surface of LFP, and the constructed three-dimensional conductive network accelerates the transfer of electrons and ions while mitigating the volume expansion during the lithiation-delithiation process. In addition, the synergistic co-doping of W/Ti achieves nanosizing of primary particles with more active sites providing locations for lithium ions storage, while reducing polarization and internal resistance and enhancing the diffusion kinetics of lithium ion. The LFP-W/Ti@C obtained after optimization still has a discharge capacity of 107.7 mAh g−1 (with a cycle retention rate of up to 100%) after 500 cycles at 5 C. This simple W/Ti co-doping strategy provides excellent rate performance and shows great potential for fast charging in electric vehicles.

Dual Heterogeneous Structures Promote Electrochemical Properties and Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution for Inverse Opal ZnO/ZnS/Co3O4 Crystals.

Potocatalytic hydrogen evolution represnets a promising way to achieve renewable energy sources. Dual heterojunctions with an inverse opal structure are proposed for addressing fundamental challenges (low surface area, inefficient light absorption, and poor charge separation) in photocatalytic water splitting. Inverse opal structure and Co3O4 were introduced to design and synthesize a ZnO/ZnS/Co3O4 (IO-ZnO/ZnS/Co3O4) photocatalyst. Morphology characterizations and photoelectric measurements reveal that the introduction of three-dimensional (3D) structures and dual heterojunctions improves light utilization efficiency and accelerates charge separation, greatly promoting photoelectric performance. The as-prepared IO-ZnO/ZnS/Co3O4 manifests superior photocurrent density (0.49 mA/cm2), which is 4 times higher than that of IO-ZnO/ZnS due to the existence of dual heterojunctions. The result is further confirmed by an enhanced H2 production rate (153.01 μmol/g/h) in pure water. Notably, excellent cycling stability is achieved in pure water because Co3O4 can rapidly capture photogenerated holes to inhibit severe photocorrosion of ZnO/ZnS. Therefore, this work presents a new insight into inhibiting photocorrosion of metal sulfides and promoting their photoelectric performance by combining 3D structures and dual heterojunctions.

Morphology reconstruction of nickel cobalt layered double hydroxides induced by electrolyte concentrations triggers high performance of supercapattery storage

AbstractNickel cobalt layered double hydroxides (NiCo LDHs) have emerged as ideal electrode materials for supercapattery due to their high specific surface area and excellent cycling stability. Morphology control plays a unique role in regulating the performance of the NiCo LDHs. Herein, the morphology of NiCo‐LDHs electrode is optimized for enhancing energy storage by a simple activation process with different concentrations of the electrolyte. During the activation process, electrochemical morphology reconstruction occurs on the electrode surface. With a 2 m KOH electrolyte, the NiCo‐LDH electrode transforms from nanosheets to nanoflower, which aids in reducing the distance of ion transport. The reconstructed NiCo‐LDH exhibits an ultra‐high specific capacity of 2809 C g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1, outperforming most of NiCo LDHs. At a high current density of 10 A g−1, the capacity retention rate remains above 72.7% after 3000 cycles. An asymmetric supercapacitor is fabricated with activated carbon material as the negative electrode, the energy density is 36 Wh kg−1 at the power density of 732 W kg−1. The strategy proposed in the study, which involves concentration‐controlled morphology optimization for energy storage enhancement, holds great practical significance for the field of supercapatteries.

Reversible Switching Between Microwave Absorption and EMI Shielding of VO2 Composite Foam.

Developing lightweight composite with reversible switching between microwave (MW) absorption and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding is promising yet remains highly challenging due to the completely inconsistent attenuation mechanism for electromagnetic (EM) radiation. Here, a lightweight vanadium dioxide/expanded polymer microsphere composites foam (VO2/EPM) is designed and fabricated with porous structures and 3D VO2 interconnection, which possesses reversible switching function between MW absorption and EMI shielding under thermal stimulation. The VO2/EPM exhibits MW absorption with a broad effective absorption bandwidth of 3.25GHz at room temperature (25 °C), while provides EMI shielding of 23.1dB at moderately high temperature (100 °C). This reversible switching performance relies on the porous structure and tunability of electrical conductivity, complex permittivity, and impedance matching, which are substantially induced by the convertible crystal structure and electronic structure of VO2. Finite element simulation is employed to qualitatively investigate the change in interaction between EM waves and VO2/EPM before and after the phase transition. Moreover, the application of VO2/EPM is demonstrated with a reversible switching function in controlling wireless transmission on/off, showcasing its excellent cycling stability. This kind of smart material with a reversible switching function shows great potential in next-generation electronic devices.

Research and development of double layer P-doped laser induced graphene thin film electrode for flexible micro-supercapacitor applications

Laser-induced graphene (LIG) has garnered significant attention for its cost-effectiveness and high efficiency in fabricating flexible micro-energy storage devices. In this study, we devised a simple method to fabricate double layer P-doped LIG electrodes through repetitive laser induction technology for high-performance flexible energy storage applications. Instead of utilizing commercial polyimide (PI) thin film, we optimized the formation process of P-doped PI thin film and achieved a highly flexible double layer P-doped LIG thin film electrode with a uniformly porous structure and the high porosity through repeated laser induction processes. Experimental results demonstrated that the developed double layer P-doped LIG thin film electrode exhibits high porosity, high specific areal capacitance of 180 mF cm-2, and high energy density of 0.025 mWh cm-2. Furthermore, an all-solid-state micro-supercapacitor utilizing hydrogel electrolyte was assembled, demonstrating a high areal capacitance of 62 mF cm-2 and excellent cycling stability with 95% capacitance retention after 6000 charging/discharging cycles. Moreover, the developed all-solid-state micro-supercapacitor successfully powered a light-emitting diode, showcasing its significant potential for practical energy storage applications.

Bio-inspired superhydrophobic fiber membrane for oil-water separation and non-destructive transport of liquids in corrosive environments

Conventional polymer separation membranes or coatings suffer from poor separation performance and serious failure in highly corrosive environments, due to their low chemical and mechanical stability. Herein, a simple electrospraying and electrospinning strategy was used to prepare flexible superhydrophobic carbon fiber membranes (FSCFM). The wettability of FSCFM was improved by forming a lotus leaf-like hierarchical rough structure on its surface. The FSCFM exhibited an excellent permeation flux of immiscible oil-water mixtures (up to 15,800 L m-2 h-1) and water-in-oil emulsions (over 5,500 L m-2 h-1), while the separation efficiencies were always kept at more than 99% after 25 consecutive separations. Even in corrosive environments, its separation performance did not show any degradation. Notably, except for recovering floating oil under external driving forces with excellent cyclic stabilities, FSCFM was also able to transport various corrosive solutions with high efficiencies (99.9%). After multiple mechanical damages and bending cycles, the FSCFM remained superhydrophobic. It could also maintain its repellency in strong acids/bases, high salt solutions and even under high-temperature environments (94.5 °C). These superior properties make it a strong candidate for oil-water/emulsion separation and non-destructive transport of highly corrosive fluids.

Morphologically tailored NiMn2O4nanocubic material for high energy-power density asymmetric supercapacitor and non-enzymatic H2O2 sensing

Developing an advanced material for energy storage and sensors is considered a key solution to meet future energy demands and economic challenges. The inverse spinel-structured NiMn2O4 emerges as a promising electrode material for next-gen energy storage due to its notable power capability, high energy density, and excellent cyclic stability. Nanostructuring enhances features not achievable in bulk materials, with a mixed morphology of nano-cubic and nanoflakes optimizing surface-to-volume ratio for effective use in energy storage devices. The addition of PVP as a surfactant, transforms the diffusion-controlled behavior to a capacitive mechanism, enhancing energy density and cyclic stability. Electrodes exhibit a specific capacitance of 816 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and stable cyclic behavior over 5000 cycles in 1 M KOH. The constructed ASC device shows 96% cyclic stability over 10,000 cycles, maintaining an energy density of 8.8 Wh kg−1 at 6400 W kg−1 and reaching a maximum of 36.55 Wh kg−1 at 400 W kg−1. Electronic structural characteristics explained through density functional theory (DFT) contribute insights. Furthermore, the non-enzymatic NiMn4/GCE H2O2 sensor demonstrates high sensitivity, a low detection limit, and remarkable selectivity against various biological interferences across a broad concentration range.